Selwynite is a fine-grained, compact green rock made primarily of chromian muscovite (fuchsite) and diaspore. Corundum and fuchsite can occur together in the form of massive aggregates or nodules. Often, copper carbonates are found as earthy films or tiny crystals in joint planes. The mineral name honours the late A. R. C. Selwyn, founding Director of the Geological Survey of Victoria. The particular specimen, a mottled green stone suitable for carving was recovered and found in Heathcote, Victoria, Australia. The rarity and qualities of this mineral attracted commercial mining, which was not successful, but traces of the mine shafts still exist today, and it is still highly valued by mineral collectors.Selwynit is considered to be one of the rare forms of rock because it is composed of phosphate minerals containing zirconium. This is an extremely rare combination found in nature. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A fine grained rock composed of mainly of chromian muscovite (fuchsite) diaspore and corundum.geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, mineralogy, heathcote, mineral collectors, selwynite, green rock, rock specimen

Marian Jenkins married Richard Henry Hinde in 1886Photo Frame (includes a photo of Marion Hinde see NA2376 Wedding Dress). Frame is of a raised silver design with silver peacocks in a garden with pink peonies, green leaves and silver rock edged by bamboo. NP124 photo, ND1729 Marriage Certificate, ND1730 Correspondence.

This book was a prize awarded to Annis Morgan from the Woodford Presbyterian Sunday School. There is no date but the book was published in 1887. The Sunday Magazine was published each year in Britain as an Annual with short stories, poetry and articles, designed as suitable books for children to read on Sundays. Annis Morgan was born in Woodford to Jenkin and Mary Morgan in 1874. She would have been about 13 when she received this prize. Annis (Ann) Morgan married Alan Patterson in 1897. The Woodford Presbyterian Church was established in 1856 and administered at that time by the Warrnambool Presbyterian Church. In 1882 the Woodford and Grasmere Presbyterian Churches became a separate entity with the first Minister, the Rev. Robert Wilson Rock. This book is of interest as it is a good example of the type of book given as Sunday School prizes to young girls in the 1880s. It is also of significance as it belonged to a local girl, resident in Woodford in the late 19th century. This is a hard cover book of 848 pages. The cover is olive green and black with ornamental scrolls and borders and gold lettering on both the front cover and the spine. The pages are gilt-edged. The front cover is partly detached from the binding. The book has an index, short stories, Biblical papers, biographical, historical and missionary articles and poetry. There are many black and white illustrations and sketches throughout the text and, at the front of the book, there is a full page black and white illustration protected by a piece of tissue paper. The inscription is handwritten in black ink. ‘Woodford Pres. Sabbath School, Rev. R. W. Rock’s Class, First Prize Annis Morgan’. woodford presbyterian church, annis morgan, history of warrnambool

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. It depicts Hanging Rock, a large rock formation sacred to First Nations people for thousands of years prior to European settlement. Hanging Rock became a recreational place for settlers during the 19th century and then became famous through the novel 'Picnic at Hanging Rock' (1967) and the subsequent movie (1975) of the same name. The photograph appears to be c1900s-1920s.This postcard is in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Photographic black and white postcard of Hanging Rock c1900s-1920sOn front, printed: 'THE ROSE SERIES, P.1558 THE HANGING ROCK NEAR KYNETON, VICTORIA / Copyright' On back, printed: 'Post Card / The "Rose" Series De Luxe Produced in Australia On extreme left side of back, printed:'[unclear word] By "THE ROSE STENOGRAPHS" / Armadale, Victoria'postcard, photography, 1900s, hanging rock, 1920s, "green postcard album"

Shack built on road reserve without permit Most probably up on Simms Road, Kinglake Other areas where illegal shacks were built were at the junction of Flat Rock Road and Cherry Tree Road, Hurstbridge. At times, Building Surveyor George E Newton would have to attend to these shacks for inspection and issue demolition orders Related to photos: EDHS_05580-1/2/3Record of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, shire of eltham, building surveyor, cherry tree road, flat rock road, george e. newton, houses, hurstbridge, road reserve, road reserve housing, shack

This specimen was recovered from Silverton Mine in Broken Hill, New South Wales. Otherwise known as the 'Day Dream Mine', the Silverton Mine was first established in 1883, when silver and lead deposits where discovered. Within a few short years, the population of Broken Hill reached 3000 people. As of today the Silverton Mine is still open, and has produced over 200 million tonnes of ore, which has generated over $100 billion. The Silverton Mine was also famous for a number of specimens such as silver, iron and zinc.Copper is considered to be a rare ore in that finding it in its pure form is rare. Nowadays when mining for Copper it is often found in mixed in with other minerals or it is recycled from use. Moreover, Copper is found in a range of everyday uses such as coins, cookware, pipes, heating conductors and anything that generate electricity. The fact that Copper is heat a heat conductor, electricity conductor and it does not corrode easily, makes this ore a versatile and useful. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized cube-shaped sulfide and oxide with shades of green, grey and brown throughout. Copper is typically found as nuggets in the ground. It can be found in a range of forms such as its native state; mixed with other ores, such as zinc and iron; as porphyry copper deposits; and as major deposits. Porphyry deposits are when the mineral is scattered evenly throughout the rock. Major deposits are when the mineral is scattered amongst other minerals.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth musum, geological, geological specimen, mineraology, copper, copper ore, copper ore speciment, broken hill, new south wales

This specimen was recovered from Ceres West of Geelong, Victoria. Greenstone is the name for any metamorphosed basic igneous rock (in the case of this specimen, Gabbro) that gains its greenish colour to the presence of the minerals chlorite, actinolite, or epidote, hence the term 'green' and 'stone'. Greenstone is often formed through metamorphsis along a convergent plate boundary. In the rock cycle (the series of processes that creates the various types of rocks) there are identified three different types of rocks, which are the sedimentary, the igneous and the metamorphic. Metamorphic rocks started out as sedimentary, igneous or earlier metamorphic rocks but changed from their original condition under the effect of high heat, high pressure or hot, mineral-rich fluid. However, if pressure or heat is too high, then the rock will melt, resulting in the formation of an igneous rock. The name used to describe these types of rocks reflects this specific inherent trait of change, since the word “metamorphic” derives from the Greek word “metamorphosis”, meaning “change of form or structure”. Metamorphic rocks form in the Earth`s crust but can be also found on the surface, due to elevation of the Earth`s surface. They are divided into two categories: the foliated metamorphic and the non-foliated metamorphic rocks. Gabbro is a highly useful mineral that is often polished to create cemetery markers and kitchen benches. It is notable for its qualities of durability, being able to withstand extreme elements and wear. Whilst not rare, Gabbro is of great utility and has been highly desirable for its qualities. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.Greenstone is a solid hand-sized metamorphic mineral of a green colour. Greenstone is the name for any metamorphosed basic igneous rock (in the case of this specimen, Gabbro) that gains its greenish colour to the presence of the minerals chlorite, actinolite, or epidote, hence the term 'green' and 'stone'. Gabbro is a medium to coarse grained rocks that consist primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Greenstone is often formed through metamorphsis along a convergent plate boundary. Gabbro forms due to cooling and crystallization of magma underneath Earth's surface. Greenstone/Gabbro/from Ceres west/of Geelong. Has old Geological Survey label/and probably collected by/Richard Daintree in 1861/C.Willam 15/4/21/ Other label: 62 /greenstone, metamorphosed, igneous rock, gabbro, chlorite, actinolite, epidote, metamorphsis, rock cycle, various types of rocks, sedimentary, high heat, high pressure, mineral-rich fluid, metamorphosis, foliated metamorphic, non-foliated metamorphic, convergent plate boundary, greenish colour, minerals

This particular geological specimen was found in Mount Franklin or Lalgambook in Djadjawurrung, located between Daylesford and Newstead, approximately ninety minutes drive from Melbourne. The mountain is an example of a breached scoria cone (a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments) which was created by a volcanic eruption about 470,000 years ago, a date which may indicate the age of this geological specimen. The volcanic eruptions of Mount Franklin were most likely witnessed by members of the Dja Dja Wurrung Aboriginal tribe, who referred to this country as the 'smoking grounds'. Mount Franklin and the surrounding area appears to have been a place of considerable religious significance to Aboriginal people, there is evidence which indicates that frequent large ceremonial gatherings took place in the area. Basalt is the most common rock on Earth’s surface, more than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Basalt is an aphanitic extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. Specimens are black in colour and weather to dark green or brown. Basalt is rich in iron and magnesium and is mainly composed of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. Olivine is the name of a group of rock-forming silicate minerals with compositions ranging between Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4. Unlike other minerals, Olivine has a very high crystallisation temperature which makes it the first of the minerals to crystallise from magma. As magma cools, the crystals begin to form and settle on the bottom of the lava and form basalts that are abnormally enriched in olivine in the lower part of lava flows. According to H. M. King (on geology.com) "Olivine is thought to be an important mineral in Earth's mantle. Its presence as a mantle mineral has been inferred by a change in the behaviour of seismic waves as they cross the boundary between Earth's crust and mantle". Lava from Mount Franklin and other volcanoes in the area filled valleys and buried the gold bearing streams that became the renowned ‘deep leads’ of the gold mining era. In 1852, as part of the Victorian gold rush, gold was discovered in the immediate area, this gold was created by lava flows during the Newer Volcanic period, which were mined intensively during the nineteenth century. Around 1865 the presence of a deep lead in Mount Franklin was established. Deep lead mining was initially unsuccessful, and it was not until the late 1870s that the Franklinford Gold Mining Company mined at Mount Franklin on a significant scale. A few years later the Mount Franklin Estate Gold Mining Company also struck gold, followed by the Shakespeare and Great Western companies in the mid-1880s. By the late 1880s, however, deep lead mining had ceased in the area. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.This geological specimen is an example of basalt and olivine which shows the volcanic lava activity and geographical specific nature of Mt Franklin as a significant volcanic site. According to Agriculture Victoria 'The crater is one of the deepest in the Central Highlands area. It is a major megacryst site with some of the largest known Victorian examples of megacrysts of augite and an orthoclase. The small parasitic mound of Lady Franklin on the western flanks adds to the geological interest of the site'. This specimen also highlights the locality as a significant place for both indigenous activity and Victorian gold rush era mining practices. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.An angular, solid hand-sized piece of grey volcanic Basalt with green/brown Olivine phenocrysts along one flat edge.Olivine in basalt / - label is probably / correct. / C. Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, basalt, igneous rock, igneous-volcanic, volcanic geology, volcanic, olivine, olivine specimen, basaltoid

Amazonite is classed as a Tectosilicate and is part of the Feldspar group of minerals. Amazonite forms in a triclinic crystal structure and its chemical formula is K(AlSi3O8). In appearance, Amazonite can range from shades of green to green blue to blue, and often with white streaks or veining. The greenish colour is believed to come from the small amount of lead contained in its composition. Amazonite is named after the Amazon River due to its colour and similarities to another rock found along the riverbanks, although Amazonite is not actually found at or near the Amazon. Although less commonly used in jewellery today, Amazonite has been mined and used by humans for thousands of years and Amazonite jewellery from at least 2000BCE have been discovered in North Africa. Amazonite is found in many locations around the world including Brazil, Peru, Ethiopia, Canada, Russia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Pakistan, China, Madagascar, and the United States of America. This specimen most probably comes from the U.S.A., Amazonite is found in several US states particularly in Colorado, Virginia, Pennsylvania. This specimen is of both scientific and historic significance as a striking blue green example of Amazonite mined prior to 1868 in the United States of America, most likely from Colorado, Virginia, or Pennsylvania. These three states are all locations of significant Amazonite deposits. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A palm-sized Feldspar mineral specimen from the Tectosilicate class in shades of blue-green with white veining.Existing label: green/blue Feldspar / "amazonite" / possibly USA geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, tectosilicate, amazonite, feldspar, triclinic crystal structure, amazonite usa, amazonite colorado, amazonite virginia, amazonite pennsylvania

Olivine is mostly found on the Earth's surface in igneous rocks that are dark-coloured. It is common at divergent plate boundaries and at warm spots, such as volcanic areas. It crystalises and forms during the cooling of magma. Olivine is used in refractory sand, bricks, and gemstones. Olivine has been found on a number of meteorites, which might have originated from large asteroids or the mantle of a now-destroyed planet. This olivine crystal is thought to originate from Mount Noorat, with speculation that it could have originated from Mount Shadwell. Mount Noorat is a dormant volcano cone located in the Newer Volcanics Province of Victoria. Mount Noorat belongs to the Kirrae Wuurong people, who used the Mount as a place for meetings and gatherings prior to European settlement. Contact was first made between European settlers and the Indigenous people in 1841. The Mount has mostly been used for cattle and sheep grazing. Mount Shadwell is a well-known source of olivine and is the highest of a gathering of volcanic cones. The New Volcanic Province is located in South East Australia and covers 15000 square kilometres. It contains 400 explosive vents and small shield volcanoes. The last eruption is thought to have occurred 5000 years ago at Mount Gambier and Mount Schank. This olivine crystal has been identified as a volcanic bomb, which is a molten rock which was pushed out and ejected into the air when a volcano reupts. A rock needs to be larger than 65 mm in diameter to be classified as a volcanic bomb. This olivine volcanic bomb and its locality is historically and socially significant. The olivine was found in the Newer Volcanic Province, an area which contains over 400 dormant volcanoes. This olivine is one part of a volcanic bomb, which would have ejected when magma erupted out of a volcano. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid iron-magnesium silicate mineral with shades of green and brownburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, olivine, igneous rock, volcanic, gemstones, volcanic bomb, meteorites, asteroids, plantes, mount noorat, mount shadwell, indigenous, kirrae wuurong people, newer volcanics province, victoria, european settlement, eruption

Child-size rocking horse made and sold by a patient of Mayday Hills Asylum. Purchased in 1978 and used by a family for generations.Mayday Hills Asylum was one of the three largest psychiatric hospitals in Victoria, and played an important role in the treatment of mental health illnesses from its establishment in 1867 to its closure in 1995. As part of prescribed treatment, many patients participated in craft activities were they were able to create an array of objects. A small wooden rocking horse painted in green, white and brown, with carpet lining on seat.beechworth, burke museum, mayday hills asylum, rocking horse, children's toys

Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. Yarra 2500 [base map] 17-26. Hurstbridge. Municipalities of Diamond Valley 257 and Eltham 238. Prominent streets include: Flat Rock Road and Heather Avenue. Includes Hurstbridge Railway Station.MMBW Map in 1:2500 [scale] series. Cream parchment with green tape reinforcing on edges and punched holes on left edge.mmbw, melbourne and metropolitan board of works, shire of diamond valley, hurstbridge - maps

Cherry Tree Road Job 56F443 Contractors Wolf and Wood Junction of Cherry Tree and Flat Rock Roads – old alignment Looking along new alignment March 1960Record of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, 1960-03, bridge construction, cherry tree road, heidelberg-kinglake road, road construction, shire of eltham, flat rock road

Shack built on road reserve without permit Most probably up on Simms Road, Kinglake Other areas where illegal shacks were built wer at the junction of Flat Rock Road and Cherry Tree Road, Hurstbridge. At times, Building Surveyor George E Newton would have to attend to these shacks for inspection and issue demolition ordersRecord of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, shire of eltham, 1961-03, building surveyor, cherry tree road, flat rock road, george e. newton, houses, hurstbridge, kinglake, road reserve, road reserve housing, scan - 120 format 6x6 negative, shack, simms road

Shack built on road reserve without permit Most probably up on Simms Road, Kinglake Other areas where illegal shacks were built wer at the junction of Flat Rock Road and Cherry Tree Road, Hurstbridge. At times, Building Surveyor George E Newton would have to attend to these shacks for inspection and issue demolition ordersRecord of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, shire of eltham, 1961-03, building surveyor, cherry tree road, flat rock road, george e. newton, houses, hurstbridge, kinglake, road reserve, road reserve housing, scan - 120 format 6x6 negative, shack, simms road

Shack built on road reserve without permit Most probably up on Simms Road, Kinglake Other areas where illegal shacks were built were at the junction of Flat Rock Road and Cherry Tree Road, Hurstbridge. At times, Building Surveyor George E Newton would have to attend to these shacks for inspection and issue demolition ordersRecord of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, shire of eltham, 1961-03, building surveyor, cherry tree road, flat rock road, george e. newton, houses, hurstbridge, kinglake, road reserve, road reserve housing, scan - 120 format 6x6 negative, shack, simms road

One of a set of display images thought to be produced by the Shire of Eltham c.1979-1987. Three young men stand on top of a hill, possibly Hanging Rock, Woodend. Probably members of the Eltham Youth Group Illustrative of services provided by former Shire of ElthamColour photograph 20 x 29 cm mounted on green-painted chipboard 28 x 35.5 cm (string on back for hanging)Title printed on label adhered to board below photograph (replaced June 2017)youth group

Slide. Bendigo views. Statue of a Lady standing in a rock grotto. Another statue of a lady wearing a blue veil and a brown dress kneeling to the left (possibly in grounds of St Killians Church) . A green fence and two small green gates with white crosses on the tops are in front of the statues. There is a tree stump on each side of the gates.slide, bendigo, bendigo views, bendigo views

Tatting is a form of knotted lace making using thread and a small shuttle. Twisted threads are tied around or through small, pointed shuttles that can be made of bone, mother of pearl, tortoise shell, steel or plastic. This produces a stable, strong lace using simple knots of two half hitches to make rings and chains embellished with picots. The origins of tatting are not clear but early versions of decorative knotting were used by the Egyptians on their ceremonial dress. Tatting also has elements of fishermen's net making techniques and the decorative knotting that was practiced by aristocratic women from the 15th century. Tatting, as we know it today, emerged in the first half of the 19th century. The new availability of mercerised thread from 1835 encouraged a burgeoning of lace crafts of all sorts. It was known in Italy as "occhi" and in France as "la frivolite". Tatting looks fragile but is both strong and durable. An article in a column named "Wives and Daughters" published in the Star newspaper in May 1910 describes the durability of tatting lace - "there is edging and insertion still in existence that have outworn two sets of pillow slips." In the 19th century and well into the 20th century, tatting was used like crochet and knitted lace for decorative edgings, collars, doilies, tray cloths etc. At first, different tatting patterns were passed along by word of mouth from person to person, however in time, patterns regularly appeared in newspapers and magazines well into the 1950's. This book has photographs and detailed instructions for a wide range of tatted edgings and insertions suitable for household linens such as towels, doilies and tablecloths as well as patterns for whole mats. Stanley E. Mullen (a businessman) developed Semco Pty Ltd which began as a Melbourne based importation company in 1907. The first three letters of Semco's name were his initials. In 1915 it began manufacturing women's apparel, whitework and transfer patterns. In 1924 the company moved to Black Rock, Victoria and continued to produce an extensive range of needlework patterns and handcraft instruction booklets, threads etc. up until the late 1970's. Semco had a staff that included many young women. It was noted by E.J. Trait (editor of the local newspaper "Standard News") that the firm provided them with good working conditions and the correct rate of pay for women in a time of war - the starting rate for 15 year olds, mainly girls at Semco was 25 shillings per week. During World War 2, Manpower Regulations could be used to coerce workers to move into jobs that supported the war effort, but Trait argued that being employed at Semco could make this unlikely as the firm made some goods essential for the war effort. He even suggested that women be encouraged to produce needlework items (and play a part in the war effort) by sending them as presents, to the troops up north. He also heaped praise on the Semco workplace - noting that no Saturday work was the norm, allowing employees to shop and have "hair-do's" before enjoying a relaxing weekend! Semco also had a female cricket side in the women's Saturday association. After the war the firm stayed in production until the early 1990's when it was taken over by Coates-Paton Pty Ltd. Norma Benporath (1900 - 1998) was an expert in tatting techniques and taught and published extensively on the subject. She was born in New Zealand with impaired sight but cataract surgery restored 50% vision to one eye. She was inspired to learn tatting whilst watching her aunt tat and being told that tatting did not require as much sharp vision as embroidery. She quickly learnt to design her own patterns and published over 1000 tatted lace patterns between 1929 and 1952. She became a regular contributor to magazines (such as Home Beautiful) and newspapers across Australia. Her designs were also published in New Zealand, South Africa as well as the U.K. and U.S.A. When Semco, a thread manufacturer, noticed a rise in the sale of fine crochet threads, they realized they had an untapped market to explore. Norma designed a collection of tatting patterns for Semco that were used to help promote their threads. Norma also worked with Semco to produce a line of threads and shuttles specifically suited to tatting. In 1997, Norma was inducted into the "Order of Australia" for "Service to the craft of tatting as a designer and through the international publication of her patterns".This item is an excellent example of the needle work being enjoyed by women in the 1940's in Australia and the skills of the Australian designer, Norma Benporath. It is also an example of the trend that emerged for craft companies such as Semco to publish pattern books in order to advertise their own materials.A 32 page soft cover instruction book with green front and back covers showing two tatted doily designs. The book includes black and white photographs and written patterns by Norma Benporath.Front cover - "TATTING" "For / EXPERTS/ and / BEGINNERS" "By/Semco" "SEMCO INSTRUCTION BOOK" "No. 16" "WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS" "9" Back cover - "FOR INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING SEE PAGE 22" "Published by Semco Pty. Ltd." "BLACK ROCK, 29, VIC"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, tatting, tatting instruction book, tatting patterns, tatting shuttle, semco, semco pty ltd, norma benporath, needlework, handcrafts, household linen, craftwork

Circa late 1800s early 1900s a horse-drawn plough, potato digger, is one example of the implements that were widely used by early market gardeners in the Shire of Moorabbin. The flat plate, seen to the right of the photo, dug down into the ground below the potatoes and "scooped" them up. Behind the plate, two driving chains on cogs, (these chains are missing from our exhibit), then "rocked' the dug potatoes to loosen the soil from the "spuds". The potatoes were then harvested by hand. Very large tracts of land in the Shire of Moorabbin were planted with potatoes. Harvesting commenced in October, into November and on into December. Potatoes were a necessary food staple. The market gardeners were always in a rush to be first to get their potatoes to market, and hence the best price. Some market gardeners were so keen to be the first to market, (and get the most money), that they dug their potatoes "green" (or new). The only downside of this practice was that these early potatoes had to be handled with extreme care as their skins were very loose, and came off easily - so decreasing their profits.As well as taking their produce to the Melbourne and St Kilda markets, they also sent produce off to Sydney markets. It is interesting to note that a group of Chinese market gardeners were the first to access the Sydney market. .Following the 'Dendy's Special Survey' 1841 and the Crown Land Sale of 1852, land allotments were sold to pioneer settlers who established market gardens in the area of Moorabbin Shire. During the 1850s gold-rush population boom the number of market gardeners increased significantly spreading throughout the Moorabbin Shire. Potatoes were considered a staple foodstuff, so crops were regularly sown throughout the whole Moorabbin area. Circa late 1800s early 1900s. A horse-drawn plough potato digger is an example of the machines used by early market gardeners in Moorabbin Shiremelbourne, sydney, markets, vegetables, potato, dendy henry, st kilda, market gardeners, gold rush, moorabin, chinese gardeners, ploughs

It gives a concise history of 2 Commando Company, from 1955 when it was formed, to 1995, giving details of its Officers Commanding, including its founding OC, their philosophies, and general and significant Company events and personnel over the 50 years. It has 3 chapters describing the development of Australia's Special Forces.Written to mark the 40th anniversary of 2 Commando Company, and presented to all 2 Commando Association members and friends who attended the 40th anniversary dinner in February 1995. Gives a 40 year history of the Company. Soft cover; White cover, green main title. Contains chronological concise history of the Unit, also with themed chapters, with limited photographs. Cover photo of Commando rock climbing, wearing green beret.NLA ISBN 0 646 22208 2. Copyright 1995.40th anniversary- 2 commando company- 2 commando association-40th anniversary-officer commanding- founding oc-australia special forces

The anchor is one of four that were carried by the FALLS OF HALLADALE when she was wrecked near Peterborough in 1908. This Rodger’s Anchor was raised from the wreck site by Flagstaff Hill divers (Peter Ronald, Colin Goodall and Gary Hayden) in 1974 and is on permanent outdoor display at the Maritime Village. The imposing 2-tonne artefact required a raft of fourteen 44-gallon drums to raise it from the seabed before it was towed by a crayfish boat to the wharf crane at Port Campbell for loading onto land transport. Following Lieutenant William Rodger’s patent in 1831, anchor design moved away from the separate attachment of straight arms and flat flutes to each side of a long shaft. Rodger’s innovation included the forging of both arms and their flutes as a single uniformly curved piece which was then attached to the crown of the shank by a thick horizontal bolt. The two-inch diameter hole for the securing through-bolt at the crown is clearly visible in this example, the bolt dislodged by corrosion and now missing. The FALLS OF HALLADALE was a four-masted, iron-hulled barque, built by Russell and Co at Greenock in 1866 for the Falls Line of Wright & Breakenridge, Glasgow. The ship was 275 feet long, 42 feet wide, with a 24 feet draft and weighed 2,085 tonnes. She was built to carry as much cargo as possible rather than for speed. Her unmistakably square bilge earned her the title of “warehouse-type” ship and her iron masts and wire rigging enabled her to maintain full sail even in gale conditions. In 1908, with new sails, 29 crew, and 2800 tons of cargo in her hold, the FALLS OF HALLADALE left New York, bound for Melbourne and Sydney via the Cape of Good Hope. 102 days later, at 3 am on the 14th of November, under full sail and in calm seas, with a six knots breeze behind and a misleading fog along the coast, the great vessel rose upon an ocean swell and settled on top of a shelf of rock near Peterborough. There she stayed for nearly two months until the pounding seas and dynamiting by salvagers finally broke her back, and her remains disappeared back into deeper water. The iron-hulled, four-masted barque, the Falls of Halladale, was a bulk carrier of general cargo. She left New York in August 1908 on her way to Melbourne and Sydney. In her hold, along with 56,763 tiles of unusual beautiful green American slates (roofing tiles), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6500 gallons of oil, 14400 gallons of benzene, and many other manufactured items, were 117 cases of crockery and glassware. Three months later and close to her destination, a navigational error caused the Falls of Halladale to be wrecked on a reef off the Peterborough headland at 3 am on the morning of the 15th of November, 1908. The captain and 29 crew members all survived, but her valuable cargo was lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. ABOUT THE ‘FALLS OF HALLADALE’ (1886 - 1908) Built: in1886 by Russell & Co., Greenock shipyards, River Clyde, Scotland, UK. The company was founded in 1870 (or 1873) as a partnership between Joseph Russell (1834-1917), Anderson Rodger and William Todd Lithgow. During the period 1882-92 Russell & Co., standardised designs, which sped up their building process so much that they were able to build 271 ships over that time. In 1886 they introduced a 3000-ton class of sailing vessel with auxiliary engines and brace halyard winches. In 1890 they broke the world output record. Owner: Falls Line, Wright, Breakenridge & Co, 111 Union Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Configuration: Four-masted sailing ship; iron-hulled barque; iron masts, wire rigging, fore & aft lifting bridges. Size: Length 83.87m x Breadth 12.6m x Depth 7.23m, Gross tonnage 2085 ton Wrecked: the night of 14th November 1908, Curdies Inlet, Peterborough south west Victoria Crew: 29 The Falls of Halladale was a four-masted sailing ship built in 1886 in Glasgow, Scotland, for the long-distance cargo trade and was mostly used for the Pacific grain trade. She was owned by Wright, Breakenridge & Co of Glasgow and was one of several Falls Line ships, all of which were named after waterfalls in Scotland. The lines flag was of red, blue and white vertical stripes. The Falls of Halladale had a sturdy construction built to carry maximum cargo and able to maintain full sail in heavy gales, one of the last of the ‘windjammers’ that sailed the Trade Route. She and her sister ship, the Falls of Garry, were the first ships in the world to include fore and aft lifting bridges. Previous to this, heavily loaded vessels could have heavy seas break along the full length of the deck, causing serious injury or even death to those on deck. The new, raised catwalk-type decking allowed the crew to move above the deck in stormy conditions. This idea is still used today on the most modern tankers and cargo vessels and has proved to be an important step forward in the safety of men at sea. On 4th August 1908, with new sails, 29 crew, and 2800 tons of cargo, the Falls of Halladale left New York, bound for Melbourne and Sydney via the Cape of Good Hope. The cargo on board was valued at £35,000 and included 56,763 tiles of American slate roofing tiles (roof slates), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6,500 gallons of oil, 14,400 gallons of benzene, plumbing iron, 117 cases of crockery and glassware and many other manufactured items. The Falls of Halladale had been at sail for 102 days when, at 3 am on the night of 14th November 1908, under full sail in calm seas with a six knots breeze behind and misleading fog along the coast, the great vessel rose upon an ocean swell and settled on top of a submerged reef near Peterborough on the south-west Victoria’s coast. The ship was jammed on the rocks and began filling with water. The crew launched the two lifeboats and all 29 crew landed safely on the beach over 4 miles away at the Bay of Islands. The postmistress at Peterborough, who kept a watch for vessels in distress, saw the stranding and sent out an alert to the local people. A rescue party went to the aid of the sailors and the Port Campbell rocket crew was dispatched, but the crew had all managed to reach shore safely by the time help arrived. The ship stayed in full sail on the rocky shelf for nearly two months, attracting hundreds of sightseers who watched her slowly disintegrate until the pounding seas and dynamiting by salvagers finally broke her back, and her remains disappeared back into deeper water. The valuable cargo was largely lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. Further salvage operations were made from 1974-1986, during which time 22,000 slate tiles were recovered with the help of 14 oil drums to float them, plus personal artefacts, ship fittings, reams of paper and other items. The Court of Marine Inquiry in Melbourne ruled that the foundering of the ship was entirely due to Captain David Wood Thomson’s navigational error, not too technical failure of the Clyde-built ship. The shipwreck is a popular site for divers, about 300m offshore and in 3 – 15m of water. Some of the original cargo can be seen at the site, including pieces of roof slate and coils of barbed wire.The shipwreck of the FALLS OF HALLADALE is of state significance – Victorian Heritage Register No. S255. She was one of the last ships to sail the Trade Routes. She is one of the first vessels to have fore and aft lifting bridges. She is an example of the remains of an International Cargo Ship and also represents aspects of Victoria’s shipping industry. The wreck is protected as a Historic Shipwreck under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act (1976).A large iron Rodger’s anchor recovered from the wreck of the FALLS OF HALLADALE. It has a rounded crown, curved arms and moulded flutes. Heavy duty iron stock with round eyes at either end, fitted over shank and fixed into position by a wedge-shaped metal locking pin. Shackle missing but severed securing bolt remaining in shank. The presence of an empty bolthole at the crown junction of shank and arms confirms Rodger’s type. Corroded from 66 years submersion in seawater but otherwise structure is sound.warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck artefact, maritime museum, falls of halladale, rodger’s anchor, peterborough reef, 1908 shipwreck, anchor, last days of sail, great clipper ships

This Chart titled “Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour” was surveyed by Nav. Lieut. H.J. Stanley, of Britain's Royal Navy, in 1870 and printed in April 1871. The chart was made before the Warrnambool Breakwater was built (construction had begun in 1874 and was completed in 1890). The chart includes Directions for entering Lady Bay, Warrnambool Harbour. These are "Vessels entering Warrnambool Harbour must bring the Red Light in sight and steer in with it in line with the upper white Light bearing North, until the Green Light on the Jetty is opened, when steer towards it and anchor. The best anchorage is in 2 ¼ fms [fathoms)] of water, about a cable from ledge off Breakwater rock. Or where convenient, according to draught of water, only endeavouring to anchor as close as possible to Breakwater rock. It is not safe to enter or leave the Harbour in south westerly or Southerly gales.” This chart is significant for its strong connection to the maritime history of Warrnambool Harbour and Lady Bay, and eventually to the Warrnambool Breakwater. The Warrnambool Breakwater is registered as a place of significance on the Victorian Heritage Database (VHR H2024). A copy of the same chart was used to plan several submissions for future changes to the jetty and breakwater. The chart is a historical record of structures existing in 1870; the Warrnambool Jetties, Lady Bay, the leading lights (lighthouses), streets, roads, bridges and many buildings. It also shows the lay of the land and seabed.Canvas chart of Australia, South Coast, Victoria Title: Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour Surveyed by Nav. Lieut. H.J. Stanley, R.N., 1870. Magnet Variation, 1870 Published April 3, 1871, by the Admiralty, London. Directions for vessels entering Warrnambool Harbour are printed on the chart. The chart has a lacquer or seal over it.Top of chart has logo "HYDROGRAPHER OFFICE" "Price Eighteen Pence". "Engraved by Edward Weller" Along bottom of Chart: “London… Published at the Admiralty, 3rd April 1871, under the Superintendence of Rear Admiral G.H. Richards, F.R.S. Hydrographer, Corrections July 71” Bottom of chart “Australia South Coast Victoria Lady Bay and Warrnambool Harbour. 2494”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, chart of lady bay warrnambool 1870, warrnambool harbour, cartography, navigation, warrnambool breakwater, 1871, australia – south coast / victoria, lady bay, 1870, nav. lieut. h.j. stanley, r.n, directions for entering warrnambool harbour, hydrographer office, rear admiral g.h. richards, edward weller, port of warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, maritime museum, maritime village, shipwreck coast, map, chart, navigation chart, admiralty chart, breakwater, jetty, pier, vhr h2024

The Ballarat School of Mines Students' Magazine was published annually. 1958 editor was Peter Robinson. Contents include: School Council, Members of Staff, A Balanced Education, Retirement of the Principal, Principal's Page, Prominent Personalities, Have we the Right Approach?, Sweet and Sour, Paying Homage to the Dead, Sports Awards 1958, Italian Coachwork Sets the Fashion, The "White Australia" Policy, Wool, Roll CallYellow soft covered 56 page magazine with green ink. Contents include: New Students from Asia (Anthony Yeung Chai Shing, Yep Kwok Ming, Archari Kassibhrimi Sarikananda, Teddy Gan Ben Chiang, Richard Tann, Somsack Satapuntu, Chermsak Tanskul, Charles Tai, Chit Cheng Foo); Italian Coachwork Sets the Fashion; the White Australia Policy; Wool; Artists' Society; Literary Society; Maryborough Visit; Roll Call; Higher Education for Girls; Sports, Football, Baseball, Badminton, tennis, School of Mines Society of Artists; Girls' Association Images include: Craig's Royal Hotel, Dick Richards, Peter Robinson, Lansell groat, Elizabeth Scott, Patrick Collier, Nelson Hails, Biruta Mellins, William Widdop, Frank Pomeroy, Alan Clarke, Kaspar Bitans, Walter, Reimann, Gladys Hocking, Keith Alexander; Murray Gillan; John Skujaballarat school of mines, ballarat junior technical school, lansell groat, r. w. richards, elizabeth scott, patrick collier, nelson hails, biruta mellins, william widdop, walter reimann, gladys hocking, keith alexander, frank pomeroy, alan clarke, kaspars bitans, eric mcgrath, teddy gan, juris erdmanis, brian duthie, r. horgan, g. beveridge, t. stanley, p. agrums, d. vendy, j. whelan, a. atkins, b. dunstan, p. collier, d. kirton, i. weir, b. lonsdale, anthony yeung, k. alexander, a. rock, g. barnett, n. delosa, w. reimann, m. villani, a. clarke, john wynd, h. fletcher, c. fraser, p. h. collier, v. dorron, murray gillan, john skuja, chit cheng foo, k. bitans

Pale green soft covered magazine with red and black ink. 56 pages including advertisements. 1. Fourth Term, 1907. Included an article on Cornish Mining. 2. 1946 3. 1945 4. 1949 5. 1950 6. 1951 7. 1944 8. 1942 9. 1941 10. 1960 - School Council, Members of staff, Editorial, Principal's Page, Literary Society, That First Day, Prominent Personalities, Conferring of Diplomas, The Begonia Parade, Efficient Reading?, The Sporting Pages, Enter the Modern, Tradition, The Ceremony, Roll Call - List of Students' 11. 1939 12. 1909 13. 1908 ballarat school of mines, robert norton, c. t. tay, n. delosa, bill boggs, alan bethune, janis erdmanis, alan rock, peter agrums, gail trewanack, tony white, norm nash, graeme "curly" williams, chong thung "jack" tay, noel whitcher, malcolm peel, k. blee, roberta pittard, margaret timmins, i. menner, r. nicholson, g. titheridge, g. johnson, p. agrums, d. pope, r. wollermann, g. hall, g. hart, n. nugent, a. bethune, k. penna, s. white, t. white, j. pollock, k. rogers, l. campbell, n. bromley, t. scanlon, j. davis, j. miller, k. kirton, b. hickey, w. moore, m. mckinnon, i. weir, r. coutts, g. thurling, anthony yeung, y. kwong, r. champneys, j. erdmanis, a. webb, d. taylor, j. rash, n. nash, c. tai, s. chand, t. gan, k. e. ooi, c. poh, m. mallett, l. rawlings, a. patterson, g. le couteur, m. hewitt, e. grummett, a. rock, r. miller, g. ikstrums, b. lonsdale, d. holmes, g. leishman, r. norton, t. brauer, n. whitcher, p. lockyer, lois morris, eric mcgrath, helen ross, g. cornell, i. menz, l. j. matthews, l. j. groat, o. n. hails, p. j. davis, n. l. nash, s. mason, mr and mrs barry singleton, john wolfe, brian duthie, cornish mining, j. skuja, s. rowe, a. kinnane, w. maddox, sturt street ballarat

Plaque for Railway disaster Easter Monday 20 April 1908 Rose Acreman Thomas Atkinson John Blight John Brown Stuart Bunyard Archer Clark May Clark Frances Balling James Bannock Maria Bannock Joseph Davis Ernest Dennier John Dent Denis Doran Albert Ellingsen Joseph Gates Leslie Gates Matilda Giles Matilda Giles Ethel Green John Hawkes Ada Hughes Griffin Hughes Thomas Thuntin Elizabeth Jones Catherine Laffan Bridget Laffan George McCall Alexander McKay Thomas Mckean William Nankervis Federick OConnor James Pascoe Harry Peate Ester rushbroook Frederick Sawyer Oscar Skoglund Janet Thomas William Thomas Annie Tucker Margaret Tucker Rupert Watson Elizabeth Williams Frederick Williamson Agnes Wright. First unveiled by the Hon Robin Cooper MLA Minister for Transport and the Non Ian Baker MLA Member for Sunshine 13 November 1998. Rededicated by Bruce Hughes Cheif Executive Officer Connex Sunday 20 April 2008 to commemorate the centernary 1908 to 2008sunshine railway disaster, sunshine station, railway