Lt. Col. North gives a vivid account of a Marine's struggle with the Vietnam War and its aftermath. He concludes with a thoughtful, mature approach to reconcilation, offering a useful path to the future.vietnam - description and travel, vietnamese conflict, 1963-1975 - united states, u.s. marine, lt. col. north

Newspaper clippings and correspondence from Australian Defence League and Austraslian Military Forces to Cr. J.K. McCaskill, Borough of Ringwood, regarding speakers and attendance at inaugural local ADF branch, January, 1939. Photocopy of Cr. J.K. McCaskill's Certificate of Authority under War Damage Commission National Security Regulations. Newspaper clipping regarding Austerity War Loan Rally, Ringwood Town Hall, November, 1942. Photocopy of a souvenir - United Service of Thanksgiving (cover only) held in Ringwood Town Hall on 9th May 1945. Ladies are cordially invited to attend, and the formation of a Ladies' Emergency Section will be discussed. Speakers: W.J. Hutchinson, M.H.R., Mrs Weber, M.L.A., Capt. Brock, 24th Batt., Lt. Col. Knox, M.L.A., Mrs Colliver (Red Cross); Hon. N.J. Makin, Minister for Navy and Munitions; T.R.G. Williams, Mayor, Chairman, Ringwood War Loan Committee (1942).

Typed on back of one photograph, 'Lt. Col Baldwin receiving the key and the certificate of Freedom from the Mayor. Town Clerk, F. Dwerryhouse seated at back. The unit paraded on the reserve at the back of the Town Hall. 27 Mar. 1965'. Written on back of another picture, "Mayor Ben Hubbard handing "Freedom of City" to Capt.. 3rd Div. Engineers'. Last photograph states below it, 'Freedom of the City' on back of same picture, '27th Mar. 65. Mayor (Cr. B.J. Hubbard presenting scroll of Freedom of City to Royal Australian Engineers'. Typed below 11172-2: 1965 Mayor Cr. B. Hubbard presenting scroll qwith Major General His Honour Norman A. Vickery & Major Gen R. J. H. Risson, and handwritten on the reverse: "This is the Scroll presented to the Royal Australian Engineers 3rd Division on 27 March (1965) granting them the freedom of the City of Ringwood. From Left the Mayor of Ringwood (Cr Benjamin Hubbard), The Commander 3rd Division (Major General His Honour Judge Norman A. Vickery) and Major General RJH Risson who represented the Colonel Commandant, Royal Australian Engineers"

Black and White Photograph. See also ABC silent movie of the event in VC record 11129. Ringwood Mail Newspaper article about the ceremony and parade is in VC 11129 Lt. Col. E.R. Baldwin Being challenged. Written on back of one copy of photograph, 'Photo ... Southern Command, Army Public Relations.' Catalogue card reads, 'Freedom of the City. Taken when Ben Hubbard was mayor.' Typed on back of another copy: Police Inspector A. Angus challenging the R.A.E. on their right to enter Rignwood. O.C. replies. this took place outside the entrane to the Railways Station. Date Stamp 27 Mar 1965.

Catalogue card reads, 'Freedom of the City. Taken when Ben Hubbard was mayor.'

Black and White PhotographsCatalogue card reads, 'Freedom of the City. Taken when Ben Hubbard was mayor.' On Reverse of the enlarge cropped photo: "Lt. Col. E.R. Baldwin thanking Ringwood for the "Freedom".

Advance Bendigo and the North League, Allan's Walk, Pall Mall, Bendigo. Letterhead printed in dark blue and grey. At the top are sun rays above a cloud? On the right it has a map showing Bendigo and a large area to the North, North East and North West. On the left is an oval shape with the names of the Patron, His Worship the Mayor of Bendigo Cr. W. H. Taylor, President: Cr. G. D. Garvin, J.P., Vice-President W. Cowling, Esq, Executive Committee, Cr. J. Michelsen, J. L. Shoosmith, Cr. W. H. Taylor, J. Jeffrey, Dr. A. Beischer, C. L. Stilwell,A. L. Bolton O.B.E., W. Wallace, Lt. Col. G. V. Lansell, M.L.C.business, printers, cambridge press, cambridge press collection, advance bendigo and the north league, cr w h taylor, cr g d garvin j.p., w cowling, c m dawe, cr j michelsen, j l shoosmith, cr w h taylor, j jeffrey, dr a beischer, c l stillwell, a l bolton o.b.e., w wallace, lt col g v lansell m.l.c.

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, maps. p.483.non-fictionIn November 1965, some 450 men of the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, under the command of Lt. Col. Hal Moore, were dropped by helicopter into a small clearing in the Ia Drang Valley. They were immediately surrounded by 2,000 North Vietnamese soldiers. Three days later, only two and half miles away, a sister battalion was chopped to pieces. Together, these actions at landing zones X-Ray and Albany constitute one of the most savage and significant battles of the Vietnam War. The Americans faced what seemed to be certain destruction. How these men persevered - sacrificed themselves for their comrades and never gave up - makes a vivid portrait of war at its most inspiring and devastating. General Moore and Joe Galloway, the only journalist on the ground throughout the fighting, have interviewed hundreds of men who fought there, including the North Vietnamese commanders. The result is a story of unparalleled human interest. We Were Soldiers Once... and Young also brings the war back home with unforgettable stories of those who lost family members to combat. This devastating account rises above the specific ordeal it chronicles to present a picture of men facing the ultimate challenge, dealing with it in ways they would have found unimaginable only a few hours earlier. It reveals to us, as rarely before, man's most heroic and horrendous endeavor. Collapse summary vietnam war 1961-1975 – us involvement, vietnam war 1961-1975 – battles – ia drang valley

Newspaper supplement titled Bendigo's Century Volume Four: 1930 - 1939. Front page is titled Bendigo's Century and has a photo of some women at the Bendigo Jockey Club, 1930s. Each year has heading of Who's Who, Weather, Sport and Business. First years are 1930 - 1939 titled A look back when. The page has photos of the Eaglehawk Cricket Club's first A Grade cricket premier ship team (1932 - 1933)., The monument to the late Bendigo mining magnate Ernst Mueller in Rosalind Park, The Bendigo Stock Exchange in the early 1930's - pictured are L L Dungey, T Williams, M P Kelly, C Mueller, E Hommoloff, R Kelly, T H Busst, T Hall, R Trembath, E A Woolcock, and C Burridge, the Carshalton mine in 1936 and The Edith and G V Lansell Laboratory at the Bendigo Hospital. 1930 - a photo of St Andrew's Church, the sundial outside the RSL Memorial Hall, The late Monsignor Rooney and The late John Douse Langley. The Ironbark Mine was the top gold producer. 1931 - Radio station goes on air, 1932 - Sir John dies, 1933 Bodyline men come to town, 1934 - Heroic rescues, 1935 - Hospital's new wing opened, 1936 - King mourned, 1937 - Beehive store towers above, 1938 - Mining shows mixed results and 1939 - Outbreak of war sobering.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - bendigo's century - volume four: 1930 - 1939, eaglehawk cricket club, ernst mueller, the bendigo stock exchangel l dungey, t williams, m p kelly, c mueller e hommoloff, r kelly, t h busst, t hall, r tremabath, e a woodcock, c burridge, charshalton mine, edith and g v lansell laboratory, st andrew's church, rsl memorial hall, mr gordon carter, sir john monash, state electricity commission, cr r watson, colonel gt v lansell, empire press congress, bendigo advertiser, mr e j hogan, eppalock weir, lyric theatre, bendigo red cross, mrs george mackay, st andrew's presbyterian church, mrs william hunter, right rev john douse langley, monsignor rooney, bendigo art gallery, the ironbark mine, coliban water, mr w wright, station 3bo, amalgamated wireless of australia ltd, advance bendigo group, the north league, st aidan's orphanage, bendigo freezing works, mr w wright, bendigo advertiser, mr w j stephens, advance bendigo group, north league, garden gully united gold mining company, bendigo football league, sir john quick, john quick snr, ironbark foundry, bendigo evening news, bendigo independent, bendigo advertiser, deakin governmnet, sir charles kingsford smith, southern cross, eppalock weir, bendigo art gallery, the hercules mine, gillies, aids & appliance shop, anne caudle centre, bill woodfull, harold larwood, dr john mccarthy, the hercules, douglas jardine, don bradman, sacred heart cathedral, joseph stapleton, john lynch, bert mcconchie, new red white and blue mine, royal humane society, william james, vernon shaw, south new moon mine, bendigo hospital, bendigo base hospital, duke of gloucester, rsl memorial hall, electricity commission, eaglehawk borough council, the plaza, backhaus estate, amalgamated freezing company, fortuna villa, mrs edith lansell, colonel lansell, the hercules mine, toni riley pharmacy, boardwalk, barkly hyett, the big blue consolidated company, the bendigo hospital, eaglehawk football team, kurmala wing of the bendigo base hospital, sir isaac isaacs, lyric theatre, sir john quick, hanro knitting mills, st luke's toddlers home, st aidan's orphanage, rsl memorial hall, lord and lady huntingfield, cr michelsen, bendigo art gallery, bendigo agricultural show, new blue mine, joseph stapleton, bendigo law association, bendigo hospital committee of management, bendigo rotary club, mr j mcrae, education department, andrew sunstan, sir stanley argyle, bendigo football league, north blue mining company, cr staples, king george v, king edward viii, cr j a michelsen, andrew mclay, bendigo advertiser, cohn bros, mrs wallis simpson, king george vi, capping mine shafts 1936, bendigo art gallery, madge freemen, william john leslie cross, judge wasley, the myer emporium, the baptist church, salvation army, ron masters, the central nell gwyn, sir john quick, leanne mcdonnell, windermere hotel, rev donald baker, john rumbold, central nell gwynne, the beehive building, the beehive store, james buick and co, thomas hope henderson, buick henderson & co, mr goodison, mr r o henderson, lt-col henderson, angus mackay, bendigo sewerage authority, mr s gordon moore, commercial bank of sydney, bendigo advertiser, edward alan morcom, polio, dr gardner kerr, the right rev conald baker, ridley theological college

Vietnam, November 1965, 450 men of the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, under the command of Lt. Col. Hal Moore, are dropped by helicopter into a small clearing in the La Drang Valley and immediately surrounded by 2,000 North Vietnamese soldiers. Three days later, only two and a half miles away, a sister battalion is chopped to pieces. Together, these actions at the landing zones X-ray and Albany constitute one of the most savage and significant battles of the Vietnam War and set the tome of the conflict to come.united states. army, la drang valley (vietnam) , battle of, 1965, battle of la drang valley, 1st battalion, 7th cavalry

Vietnam, November 1965, 450 men of the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, under the command of Lt. Col. Hal Moore, are dropped by helicopter into a small clearing in the La Drang Valley and immediately surrounded by 2,000 North Vietnamese soldiers. Three days later, only two and a half miles away, a sister battalion is chopped to pieces. Together, these actions at the landing zones X-ray and Albany constitute one of the most savage and significant battles of the Vietnam War and set the tome of the conflict to come.united states. army, la drang valley (vietnam) , battle of, 1965, battle of la drang valley, 1st battalion, 7th cavalry

Vietnam, November 1965, 450 men of the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry, under the command of Lt. Col. Hal Moore, are dropped by helicopter into a small clearing in the La Drang Valley and immediately surrounded by 2,000 North Vietnamese soldiers. Three days later, only two and a half miles away, a sister battalion is chopped to pieces. Together, these actions at the landing zones X-ray and Albany constitute one of the most savage and significant battles of the Vietnam War and set the tome of the conflict to come.united states. army, la drang valley (vietnam) , battle of, 1965, battle of la drang valley, 1st battalion, 7th cavalry

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection. A black and white photograph of in Fire Support Base 'Peggy', LT Col O'Neill C.O. 8 RAR, with Maj Phil Jeffrey O.C., B Company, and O.C. 161 Battery RNZA study maps during a situation report and an orders group,during Operation Atherton, North West of the 1 ATF Base at Nui Dat (Circa December 1969)photograph, support base peggy, lt col o'neill, 8 rar, maj phil jeffrey, b coy, 161 battery, 161 battery rnza, operation atherton, gibbons collection catalogue, 1 atf base, nui dat, fire support base peggy, denis gibbons

Betty Sale (1905-1976) won the Tasmanian State Championship in 1934, 1935 and 1936. She also worked as a car saleswoman in Hobart. In 1939, London reported: “Betty Sale, pretty Tasmanian brunette, will soon leave England for Finland, where she will drive an ambulance behind the Mannerheim Line. With twenty-three English society girls, she volunteered for the job because she wanted to do something for the brave Finns.” Betty volunteered for First Aid Nursing Yeomanry Service (F.A.N.Y.), conveying refugees and casualties to hospitals by ambulance in Finland’s harsh weather. Back in England, as a corporal, she worked during bombings in Plymouth, writing to her brother: “Bombs were dropping all around us, fires are raging, debris everywhere and huge holes around us. When we had got all the live ones, we went and collected dead bodies.” Betty was awarded an MBE and the Winter War Medal for Civilians from Finland Government 1939-40. MCK142 Published The Age 29 August 1935 Photographer notations on slide: "Vic. Women's Golf Ch'ship 1935 B98" Published: The Age 29 August 1935 p. 11 Published title: SIX STATE CHAMPIONS IN NATIONAL GOLF CHAMPIONSHIP. Published caption: Six State champions for the first time in the history of women’s golf are competing in the matches for the Australian title. — 1. Miss B. Sale (Tas.). 2. Miss J. Hood-Hammond (N.S.W.). 3. Miss J. Gardiner (Qld,) 4. Miss K. Rymill (S.A.). 5. Mrs. O. J. Negus (W.A.). 6. Mrs. S. Morpeth (Vic.) RESEARCHER'S NOTE: The Age listed Golfer 1 as Miss B. Sale and Golfer 4 as Miss K. Rymill. We verified that these should in fact be the other way around: 1 is Miss K. Rymill, 4 is Miss B. Sale. Description: Action shot of woman driving golf ball Research by project volunteer, Fiona Collyer: MISS BETTY SALE Mrs Margaret Elizabeth Scott Rigg (1905-1976) MBE Betty Sale grew up in Hobart and attended St Michael’s Collegiate School. She was a champion Tasmania golfer and won the State Championship in 1934, 1935, 1936. Betty competed in the Australian Women’s Golf Championship at Royal Melbourne against the British Women’s Team in 1935. Betty worked as a car saleswoman at Robert Nettleford Pty Ltd at 113 Macquarie Street, Hobart. They were the agent for Austin, Buick, Chevrolet and Vauxhall. In April 1939, Betty sailed on the RMS Orford to London where she worked in sales for Henley’s, an exclusive motor sales firm. In November 1939 she volunteered for the Woman’s Transport Arm of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry Service (F.A.N.Y.) and was part of the team delivering 10 ambulances to Finland, which had been invaded by the Soviet Union. Betty worked conveying refugees and military casualties to military hospitals, often over tracks with only sleigh marks to guide them. Despite contracting measles she continued to work tirelessly, often for 22-hour shifts. She was awarded the Finland Winter War medal 1939-1940 for civilians by Field-Marshall Mannerheim (later President of Finland). Betty was quoted in the Australian Women’s Weekly 17/1/1940: “I joined the ambulance corp for Finland because I was filled with admiration for the courage and determination of the Finns. I don’t think that there has ever been anything so dramatic in history as the manner in which Finland, a land of 4,000,000 people has resisted the aggression of the teeming millions of Russians.” After six months working in Finland, the FANYs found themselves held up unable to get aid from Britain to escape and they felt a burden on the Finns. Eventually money was sent privately from a neutral country and the 17 FANYs determined to get away. They set off from Helsinki with only the civilian clothes they were wearing and travelled by train and bus to a northern port where they boarded a cargo vessel. For a fortnight they did not change their clothes and slept under tarpaulins in the hatchway. The only choice of food was porridge or pea soup. After two weeks aboard the cargo vessel, a palatial liner approached the ship and in mid-ocean the FANYs were transhipped by rope ladders. The women enjoyed three course meals and other luxuries for three days before arriving back in England. Betty, now a corporal, worked for two years transporting civilian and military casualties during bombings in Plymouth. In a letter to her brother, Mr J Sale of Gerogery NSW, Betty wrote, “We have had a very lively time here as we have been blitzed for two nights. There is literally nothing of Plymouth left. We were out all the first night with the ambulance collecting casualties and have never seen such injuries. Bombs were dropping all around us, fires were raging, debris everywhere, and huge holes in the roads. When we had got all the live ones, we went and collected dead bodies. The people are marvellous.” “Next night, we had a worse blitz. We were not out so long but it was not a pleasant party. I didn’t know I was so brave but could not stand it too long. Mr Menzies was here for the second night’s blitz. We have adopted a homeless and hurt dog – a raid victim – and the poor fellow is completely exhausted.” In 1942, Betty worked in Algeria in charge of 100 specialists and technicians - the first servicewomen to arrive in North Africa. In 1945, she was awarded an MBE in recognition and on behalf of the work this unit was involved in. In 1945, Betty was promoted to Captain and posted to Australia to establish a Signal Station. In 1946, she married Lt-Col H. Henry O. Rigg of the Royal Artillery in Tasmania. The couple had first met in Algeria in 1943. The Australian press closely followed Betty’s wartime activities praising her courage, capability, driving and mechanical knowledge and of course Australian women’s hardiness. After the war, Betty lived in Sheffield, England with her husband, working as an office manager. She continued to play golf until her death aged 71 in 1976. golf, women golfers, royal melbourne golf club