This document is a reproduction of the page of the log book from the vessel HMS Euryalus, recording Nelson's famous signal at the Battle of Trafalgar. On October 21, 1805, Admiral Lord Nelson led the British Navy to victory against the French and Spanish navies in the Atlantic Ocean. The event became known as the Battle of Trafalgar. To commence the battle Nelson commanded his now-famous flag signal “England expects that every man will do his duty”. Nelson’s signal was transmitted from his ship HMS Victory in 12 separate flag-hoists, according to Sir Home Popham’s Telegraphic Code that had been supplied to the fleet as an experiment, with the numerical flags of the Admiralty official Day Signal book (1799 issue). The signal flags comprised eight that represented whole words and four that represented single letters - [ENGLAND] [EXPECTS] [THAT] [EVERY] [MAN] [WILL] [DO] [HIS] [D] [U] [T] [Y]. Nelson’s signal was received by the ‘reporting frigates’ who would then send them on to the other vessels. The signal was recorded by Captain Henry Blackwood who was in command of the HMS Euryalus. Captain Blackwood led a squadron of frigates, reporting back to Nelson on the movement of the French and Spanish fleets. Nelson’s famous signal was recorded in the log book of Euryalus and repeated to other vessels. The original log book is a canvas-backed manuscript written up from hour to hour during the battle. It is in the Nelson Collection at Lloyd's. Lloyd’s of London is a large insurance company in the United Kingdom. In 1803 Lloyd’s founded the Lloyd’s Patriotic Fund to honour the brave and provide for the wounded and dependents of those killed in major Napoleonic battles. Over the years Lloyd’s has accumulated an assorted collection of artefacts and memorabilia associated with Nelson, including this log book from HMS Euryalus. In 2003 Lloyds created a temporary exhibition to mark the bicentennial of Nelson’s Battle of Trafalgar. The display included key items from the Nelson Collection celebrating Nelson’s role in British Naval History. Lloyd’s now has a department called The Nelson Collection and Heritage Floor where historical artifacts are displayed and the story of Lloyd’s 300 years of history is told. This document, being a reproduction, is not significant in itself. However it's content is of historical significance for its connection to Admiral Nelson and The Battle of Trafalgar. Through the leadership and victory of Nelson, the British obtained the mastery of the seas over the French and Spanish and opened up the way for Britain to colonise many countries including Australia. The document is also associated with a wood sample from Napoleon's ship Victory that is in our Collection.Reproduction of a page of the log book of HMS Euryalus recording Nelson's famous signal at the Battle of Trafalgar. The original log book entry was handwritten, dated 21 Oct 1805.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, log book, flag signal, hms euryalus, nelson's famous signal, battle of trafalgar, october 21, 1805, admiral lord nelson, french and spanish navies, england expects that every man will do his duty, hms victory, sir home popham’s telegraphic code, admiralty official day signal book (1799 issue), reporting frigates, captain henry blackwood, canvas-backed manuscript, nelson collection at lloyd's, lloyd’s of london, lloyd’s patriotic fund, napoleonic battles, british naval history

The British Royal Navy’s warship HMS Victory was once Lord Nelson’s flagship. The HMS Victory was built in 1765 and after serving active duty is now, in 2019, still a ship of the Royal Navy, in dry dock undergoing continuous restoration to preserve her for display as a museum ship, due to the vessel’s significant naval history. Battle of Trafalgar: On October 21, 1805, twenty-seven British ships of the line, led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory, defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Villeneuve. The battle took place in the Atlantic Ocean off the southwest coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar, near the town of Los Caños de Meca. The victory confirmed the naval supremacy Britain had established during the course of the eighteenth century and it was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy of the day. Conventional practice at the time was for opposing fleets to engage each other in single parallel lines, in order to facilitate signalling and disengagement and to maximise fields of fire and target areas. Nelson instead arranged his ships into two columns to sail perpendicularly into the enemy fleet's line. During the battle, Nelson was shot by a French musketeer and he died shortly before the battle ended. Villeneuve was captured, along with his ship Bucentaure. He later attended Nelson's funeral while a captive on parole in Britain. Admiral Federico Gravina, the senior Spanish flag officer, escaped with the remnant of the fleet. He died five months later from wounds sustained during the battle. It was prior to this battle that Nelson had issued his now-famous final orders to his ships in 12 separate flag-hoists “England expects that every man will do his duty”. This wood sample is historically significant for its association with Admiral Lord Nelson the Battle of Trafalgar. Through Nelson’s leadership and unorthodox battle tactics, he secured not only a victory against the French and Spanish but reaffirmed Britain's naval supremacy opening the way for Britain to continuing the policy of colonisation of many countries including Australia.Coloured postcard of sailing ship, warship or battleship, deck cannons on the ship and in the foreground, many signal flags flying from the masts. Printed on the front "H.M.S. Victory Flying Lord Nelson Famous Signal". The signal was given by Lord Nelson in 1805.Printed on the front "H.M.S. Victory / Flying Lord Nelson Famous Signal"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, post card, postcard, sailing ship, vice-admiral lord nelson, horatio nelson, lord nelson, oak piece, piece of oak, nelson, battle of trafalgar, maritime technology, ship relics, 18th century warship, british royal navy, sir home popham’s telegraphic code, admiralty official day signal book, october 21, 1805, admiral lord nelson, french and spanish navies, nelson's famous signal, england expects that every man will do his duty, hms victory, nelson collection at lloyd's, lloyd’s of london, lloyd’s patriotic fund, napoleonic battles, british naval history, 18th century warship, 18th century battleship

The Napoleonic Wars were a period of conflict from 1803-1815, caused by unresolved tensions following the end of the French Revolution. Coalitions of European powers fought against Napoleon Bonaparte and the French army, who were defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on the 18th June 1815, in Belgium. The conclusion of the battle would mark a period of sustained peace for Europe, that would bring with it cultural and technological innovation. This document in illustrative of the prize money awarded to different groups of soldiers following the Capture of Paris, separated into different classes. The first class consisted of General Officers, the second of Field Officers and Colonels, the third of Captains, the fourth of Subalterns, the fifth of Serjeants and the sixth of Corporals, Drummers and Privates. The Commander in Chief of the Army also received £61, 178/3/ 5 1/2. In addition to the money given to these classes, which approximately totaled £486,246 / 18/ 1 3/4, a total of £30,000 was paid to the Bank of England and £7,204 / 16/ 7 1/4 was paid to the Chelsea Hospital, to a grand total of £558,940/ 12/ 3. This money given to the Chelsea Hospital was part of the Army Prize Money Act 1814 (54th Geo. 3 c. 86, 14th July 1814), which when passed through parliament entailed that any prize money unclaimed or forfeited would be paid to the Chelsea Hospital. The Royal Hospital Chelsea is a charitable institution which provides support to war veterans and has existed since the reign of Charles II. The document goes into further details of the payments made to specific regiments, who include members of the British cavalry and artillery, rifleman, staff corps and foreign soldiers enlisted to aid with the campaign. The award of prize money following battle was meant to serve as an incentive for aggression and victory, in addition to helping deter looting of the deceased possessions. A paper watermark '1810' on the handwritten document suggests it is an original, and therefore was probably in the possession of a battle participant, most likely of a higher rank. The provenance of the document is unknown but one possibility is through former Ballarat School of Mines staff member Hester Darby, whose parents were Ernest Darby and Leah Hynam. Her maternal line boasted a Battle of Waterloo veteran. A number of handwritten pages 48 cm. x 34.5 cm. (slightly larger than A3) which has been folded in half, and in half again. When attempts were made to tape the torn document together, one page was taped in the wrong order. The top of the third page aligns with the bottom of the fourth page, the top of the fourth page with the bottom of the third. Corrections to this have been made in the transcript. DESCRIPTION ON DISCOVERY: "BALLARAT - Copy of an historic document of prize money paid after the battle of Waterloo and capture of Paris in 1815 has been found among old papers at the Ballarat School of Mines. The full amount of prize money was stated at "£558,913 10/10." Scores of regiments had their shares varying probably, according to the numbers. The document will be retained in the School of Mines Museum, ... (Age, 21 March 1941)The paper has an 1810 watermark on the paper as well as a watermark for S&C Wise. duke of wellington, waterloo, battle of waterloo, napoleon, napoleon bonaparte, british army, paris, darby, veteran, 1815, prize money, waterloo verterans, hester darby

Colonne Vendôme is located in the centre of the Place Vendome square and was erected by Napoleon as the Colonne d'Austerlitz. The column in 44 metres tall and is modeleld after Rome's Trajan Column. It was built to commemorate the victory at Austerlitz in 1805, one of Napoleon's greatest. The column's continuous ribbon of bas-relief bronze plates by the sculptor Pierre-Nolasque Bergeret were made from 1200 cannons taken from the combined armies of Russia and Austria during that battle. The reliefs depict scenes during the Napoleonic Wars between 1805 and 1807. The Column was later was given the names of Colonne de la Victoire (Victory Column) and Colonne de la Grande Armée (Column of the Great Army). Today it is commonly known as the Colonne Vendôme. A statue of Napoleon was installed at the top of the column in 1810. Later, the statue of the emperor was removed and the bronze melted down to provide the bronze for the recast of the equestrian statue of Henri IV on the Pont Neuf. A new statue was installed in 1833 which was later replaced by the statue that is seen today. It was erected by Napoleon III and depicts Napoleon I as a Roman emperor.Black and white postcard of a sculptural column in Paris. chatham-holmes family collection, sculpture, napoleon, paris, vendome, world war, world war 1, world war one, column

Bibliography, Index, Chronology, ill (plates, col, b/w) maps. p.452.non-fictionFrom longbow, pike, and musket to Challenger tanks, from the Napoleonic Wars to the Gulf campaign, the Duke of Marlborough to Field Marshal Montgomery, The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army recounts the history of the British army from its medieval antecedents to the present day. Drawing on the latest scholarship, this survey shows how British fighting forces have evolved over the last five centuries. The continuities revealed are sometimes surprising: narrow recruitment patterns, friction between soldiers and civilians, financial constraints and recurrent political pressure for economies are constant themes. Commanders, campaigns, battles, organization, and weaponry are covered in detail within the wider context of the social, economic, and political environment in which armies exist and fight. The British army has been remarkably successful in fighting terms, losing only one major war (of American Independence 1775-83). As one of the engines of empire it has been active all over the world, as well as shaping the internal destiny of the nation in civil war and revolution. Its history is charted in a sequence of chronological chapters, each containing special feature articles, beginning with the medieval, Elizabethan, and Restoration army and moving on through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the two world wars of the twentieth. The book concludes with accounts of the army of British India, the amateur military tradition, the British way in warfare, and an assessment of what the future may hold in the light of the Options for Change review. Extensively illustrated in black and white and colour, and with a detailed chronology and further reading lists, this is the definitive one-volume history of the British army for specialists and non-specialists alike.great britain - military history, great britain - military tradition

Ill, p.623.fictionThis classic story of two nineteenth-century social climbers is the basis for countless films and TV series, and one of the UK's "Best-Loved Novels." Before the Real Housewives, there were Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley. Ruthless and cunning, Becky may have been born in a lower class, but now that she's graduated from school, she's ready to climb up to a better life-and do whatever it takes to get there. Her friend Emmy, however, is the opposite. She may have mastered music, dancing, and embroidery like any young woman of her class, but she utterly lacks a backbone. Together these friends navigate the perils of Regency society as they search for love and happiness. Social battles are waged against the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars, and when the smoke finally clears, there's no telling who will come out victorious.england - fiction, romantic fiction

Ill, maps, p.328.non-fictionA patriotic tale of British wartime exploits primarily during the Napoleonic wars great britain - military history, napoleonic wars