Flag identified by John Vaughan OAM, Vexillographer (Flag historian) [email protected] Flag has pale blue cross of St. George, with five, five pointed stars. Union Jack in top left hand corner. This flag is a variant of the 'Australian Federation Flag' often called the AUSTRALIAN ENSIGN, a popular design from 1831 to 1901 widely flown across Australia as a possible ’national’ flag. The Australian Ensign appeared in various forms for over a century with variant points to the stars (some with 5 points). A flag chart dated 31st December, 1831, and in subsequent charts, Captain John Nicholson, Harbour master of Sydney, depicted a new flag for Australia, featuring the combination of Southern Cross and Union Jack. The Southern Cross consisted of five eight pointed stars on a large royal blue St Georges Cross. It became the popular but unofficial flag of Australia for seventy years. In the 1890’s it was best known as the Australian Federation Flag.australia, australia federation flag

Australian National Flag Montage depicting 15 Australian flags, including Naval, Military and Aboriginal flags - with history and details of each flag, also featuring the words of our National AnthemAustralia entered the first world war with three flags representing its dual nationality: the Union Jack as national flag and its two Australian ensigns. All three featured in recruiting drives for the Australian Imperial Force (the AIF). At that time the Union Jack was clearly regarded as the most importantBlack and gold painted frame containing montage of Australian flag and 14 smaller flags with boxed narratives.The Australian National Flag Gold Plaque - Proudly endorsed by the Returned & Services League of Australia 1992 Signed by Brigadier A B Garland AM and B C Ruxton OBEflags, australian, australian states and territories

Female Relatives BadgeWW2 x 2 (removed from collection 2013) Mothers & Widows Badge WW2 x 2 (removed from collection 2013) Volunteered Badge No. 20984 Australian National Flag Association Badge x 2 "Australia Remembers 1945-1995" Badge x 2 RAAF Europe 193uniforms, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Soft cover book. Cover - cardboard, white background with red and black print on front, spine and back. Illustrated on front in colour, collection of seven flags. 64 pages, cut , plain, white gloss paper. Illustrated in colour photographs and flag illustrations. End paper - have printed information, green, black and gold colours.books, australian flags

These two photographs of a contingent from the Army Survey Regiment lowering the Australian flag were taken on Australia Day in Kerang, Victoria on the 26th of January 1996. Most units of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) provide contingents to regional towns in their local area to assist in commemoration ceremonies on days of national significance, such as Australia Day, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day. This was most likely one of the last occasions before the closure of the Army Survey Regiment. The use of an improvised flagpole is unknown.These two photographs of a contingent from the Army Survey Regiment lowering the Australian flag, were taken on Australia Day in Kerang, Victoria on the 26th of January 1996. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The colour photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) and .2) - Photo, colour, contingent of unidentified Army Svy Regt personnel. There are no annotations.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, kerang shire, australia day

This photograph of a flag raising ceremony by a contingent from the Army Survey Regiment was taken on Australia Day on the 26th of January 1996. It is not known where this ceremony took place, however it could have been in the grounds of Fortuna Villa. Most units of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) provide contingents to regional towns in their local area to assist in commemoration ceremonies on days of national significance, such as Australia Day, ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day. This was most likely one of the last flag raising ceremonies before the closure of the Army Survey Regiment. This photograph of a flag raising ceremony by a contingent from the Army Survey Regiment was taken on Australia Day on the 26th of January 1996. The photograph was printed on photographic paper and is part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The black & white photograph was scanned at 300 dpi. .1) and .2) - Photo, black & white, 1996. contingent of unidentified Army Svy Regt personnel L to R: SPR James Commons, SGT Doug Willis, SPR Mick Bullock, SPR Kim Baker, SPR Russ BrodieThe occasion and personnel were annotated on the back of the photos. ‘Flag Raising Ceremony Jan 26 1996. IC – Sgt DJQ Willis Party Spr KVG Baker Spr RJ Brodie Spr MJ Bullock Spr JM Commons L – R Spr Commons, Sgt Willis, Spr Bullock, Spr Baker, SPR Brodie. Had been done for 5 years’royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr

Refers to the AMF Service of Peter Dodd.1. Black and white photo of Australian Soldiers in a wet mess. The Mess has steel walls with two dartboards. On the table are steel cans of beer. Soldier at rear right is believed to be Peter Dodd (wearing glasses). Photo probably taken in Malaya. 2. Black and white photo of a group of National flags on top of a light coloured building. Probably in Saigon, Vietnam.malaya campaign, vietnam war

Australian Flag made of dark blue rayon blend with cotton Union Jack & stars. LHS reinforced with white canvas. Metal swivels on ends of tapes attached to canvas.Makers label worn.flags - national - australian, passchendaele barracks trust

Australian Chinese Servicemen photographs - Exhibition held at the Bendigo & District RSL, post 2010.1.2.3. Photographs on photographic paper, enlarged colour portraits. Mount - red and blue colour cardboard, double mount with top area containing the photograph, lower area printed information. 1. Serviceman in uniform. 2. Servicewoman in uniform, portrait. 3. Three ex-service men at Australian War Memorial 1997.Printed information - black in print. 1. "Corporal LIONAL MARKEY in his Airforce uniform, brother to CHRISTINE MARKEY". 2. "Musician CHRISTINE MARKEY, of the British Military Band. Sister of Corporal LIONAL/MARKEY". 3. Ex-Services National Reunion at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 12th November 1997. LIONEL NOMCHONG (left), BO LIU (centre) and TOM CHEONG. Tom defended the countries flag in World War 2, The Korean and Vietnam wars. Bo served in World War 2 helping rescue victims of the Burma Railway Camps.photographs, australian chinese, exhibition

The banner came back to Australia with Arthur COWLEY No 50704, RAAF. The Banner was removed from a Civic Hall by Paul RATCLIFFE of the British army, a cousin of Arthur Cowley. Refer Cat No 354.5 for Arthur’s service details.Red cotton, rectangular banner with white rayon inner boarder appliqued on. Centre is a black cotton swastika appliqued on to white cotton disc which in turn is appliqued on to the red banner. Cream braid trim on one short side in a small brass ring on corners of opposite side.flags - national, germany

The Prayer books belonged to Frederick Ernest ADDLEM V122087, VX142253. Refer Cat No 432.2 for his service history and 937P..1) Prayer book "On National Service". Beige cardboard covers, flags, 3 uniformed servicemen with map of Australia behind. Inside a space is available for name, rank and serial number. .2) Prayer book "Victory for you !" 12 pages, beige paper covers, red and blue printing. .3) Prayer book "The Pocket Padre". 28 pages, light green cardboard covers, black printing. .4) Prayer book "A Soldiers Testimony". 20 pages, light yellow covers, soldier on map of Australia with a flag.1.) Fred Addlem Pte V122087 57/60 Btn H.2 Coy Neereman Love from Gordon 10th Dec 42 .2) Love from Lorna 10th Dec 42 books - religon, military history

Zilles Printers was begun by Lewis Zilles in the early 1930s. It was in McKenzie Street Ballarat. His son Jeffrey also became a printer - letterpress, offset and screen printer. The business became Zilles Printers/Graphics and was in Armstrong Street and later Bell Street Ballarat. Montrose Cottage was build c1856 by John Alexander, builder. He was a Scottish stone mason. It was built with bluestone and hand-made bricks. It is on the Historic Buildings Register, National Trust (Victoria). It is important as a substantial and very early stone cottage. The house is now open to the public. It also provides short term accommodation - self contained apartments. Double sided cards advertising Montrose Cottage and Eureka Museum. Printed by Zilles Graphic Industries, Ballarat. White card with russet colour print. Printed on both sides. Each side has Eureka Museum and Montrose CottageEureka Flag and Cannon. Drawing of Montrose Cottage and flag with Lion. Symbol of National Trust Australia. Coat of Arms. Location map.zilles graphic industries, montrose cottage, eureka musuem

This flag was used by St Joseph's School, Orbost at assemblies. St Joseph's Catholic School in Orbost was planned from 1913 when the town's population was increasing rapidly. It wasn't until 1923 that the school was built in Raymond Street next to St Colman's Church. Fifty-five students were initially enrolled and taught in two rooms. When the numbers increased to 170 work began on extensions which were completed in 1959. St Joseph's school had classes to Form 4 at one stage. Later on Form 2 was the highest level. However, after Nagle College at Bairnsdale built a new school on the Lindenow Road site, a Nagle College school bus ran from Orbost and the school was reduced to Grade 6. It was also about this time that the last of the St Joseph teaching nuns left Orbost. From 1969 to the early 1980s the secondary St Joseph students attended Orbost High School for the practical subjects of Woodwork and Home Economics. Today enrolments reflect the declining population of the district. This item is an example of an item used in an Orbost school in the second half of 20th century.A cloth Australian National Flag which has a blue background. The Union Jack is in the upper left corner. Below the Union Jack is a white Commonwealth Star. The Southern Cross is shown on the right hand side of the flag in white. There is a white rope and two metal clips inserted into the left hand pocket/seam.Inside a diamond is N.V. BRAND. Geo. PICKERS Co. P/L CANVASflag-australian st-joseph's-school-orbost heraldry

In 1983 the boxing kangaroo received national and international prominence when it served as the symbol for the successful Australian challenge for the America's Cup, where the boxing kangaroo flag, a red-gloved golden kangaroo on a green background, was flown from the yacht Australia II. Alan Bond (owner of the Australia II yacht) owned the image and licensed it for mass production. The image was later bought by the Australian Olympic Committee, and is used as a mascot to represent the Australian Olympic team and to promote sport and fair play in schools.A synthetic rectangular green flag of the yellow boxing kangaroo wearing red boxing gloves.

Used at the Orbost Information Centre, the Slab Hut, for various celebrations - possibly 20th birthday in 2007, and for Australia and Anzac Days.A Canadian flag. The National Flag of Canada (also known as the Maple Leaf) consisting of a red field with a white square at its centre, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf.

On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019. On 3 March, the Reserve Bank of Australia became the first central bank to cut interest rates in response to the outbreak. Official interest rates were cut by 0.25% (25 base points) to a record low of 0.5%. On 12 March, the Federal Government announced a A$17.6 billion stimulus package, the first since the 2008 GFC. he package consists of multiple parts, a one-off A$750 payment to around 6.5 million welfare recipients as early as 31 March 2020, small business assistance with 700,000 grants up to $25,000 and a 50% wage subsidy for 120,000 apprenticies or trainees for up to 9 months, 1 billion to support economically impacted sectors, regions and communities, and $700 million to increase tax write off and $3.2 billion to support short-term small and medium-sized business investment. On 16 March, Premier Dan Andrews and Minister for Health Jenny Mikakos declared a state of emergency for Victoria for at least four weeks. On 19 March, the Reserve Bank again cut interest rates by a further 0.25% to 0.25%, the lowest in Australian history. On 22 March, the government announced a second stimulus package of A$66bn, increasing the amount of total financial package offered to A$89bn. This included several new measures like doubling income support for individuals on Jobseeker's allowance, granting A$100,000 to small and medium-sized businesses and A$715 million to Australian airports and airlines. It also allowed individuals affected by the outbreak to access up to A$10,000 of their superannuation during 2019–2020 and also being able to take an additional same amount for the next year. on the same day Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews announced on 22 March that the state will bring the school holiday forwards to 24 March from 27 March. On 30 March, the Australian Federal Government announced a $130 billion "JobKeeper" wage subsidy program offering to pay employers up to $1500 a fortnight per full-time, part-time or casual employee that has worked for that business for over a year. For a business to be eligible, they must have lost 30% of turnover after 1 March of annual revenue up to and including $1 billion. For businesses with a revenue of over $1 billion, turnover must have decreased by 50%. Businesses are then required by law to pay the subsidy to their staff, in lieu of their usual wages. This response came after the enormous job losses seen just a week prior when an estimated 1 million Australians lost their jobs. This massive loss in jobs caused the myGov website to crash and lines out of Centrelink offices to run hundreds of metres long.The program was backdated to 1 March, to aim at reemploying the many people who had just lost their jobs in the weeks before. Businesses would receive the JobKeeper subsidy for six months. On 2 April, the number of cases in Victoria exceeded 1,000, including over 100 healthcare workers. On 5 April, New South Wales Police launched a criminal investigation into whether the operator of Ruby Princess, Carnival Australia, broke the Biosecurity Act 2015 (Cwth) and New South Wales state laws, by deliberately concealing COVID-19 cases. On 6 April, the Department of Health revealed that 2,432 people recovered from the infection as the federal government started reporting recovery statistics. This is more than a third from the official number reported so far, Deputy Chief Medical Officer Professor Paul Kelly stating, "I think it is important. Firstly it really reinforces that message, which is a true one, that most people who get this disease do recover”. The day before, at 3pm, it was announced that 2,315 of the 5,687 confirmed coronavirus cases had recovered. May 2020 - An outbreak in Victoria at a meatworks that was later revealed to be Cedar Meats was announced on 02 May with eight cases. By 8 May, the cluster of cases linked to Cedar Meats in Victoria was 71, consisting of at least 57 workers and 13 close contacts, including a nurse, aged care worker and high school student. The number had increased to 75 by 9 May, 88 by 13 May, and 90 by 14 May. On 9 May, two Victorian cases were announced to be related to McDonald's Fawkner. By 18 May, this had increased to 12 cases, and on that day it was revealed that a delivery driver had tested positive, prompting the closing for cleaning of 12 more McDonald's locations: Melton East, Laverton North, Yallambie, Taylors Lakes, Campbellfield, Sunbury, Hoppers Crossing, Riverdale Village, Sandown, Calder Highway Northbound/Outbound, Calder Highway Southbound/Inbound, and BP Rockbank Service Centre Outbound. On 15 May, South Australia became the second jurisdiction, after the ACT, to be free of any active cases, however on 26 May, a woman returning from overseas who was granted exemption into South Australia from her hotel quarantine in Victoria tested positive for COVID-19. This was the first new case in 19 days for the state.[101] On 4 June, it was announced that the woman had recovered and the state was free of any active cases once again.[102] On 17 May, Victoria announced two further business sites had been shut down due to a suspected case at each. Domino's Pizza in Fairfield has been shut for two weeks, and mattress manufacturer The Comfort Group in Deer Park was closed from Friday 15 May to at least Wednesday 20 May. On 6 June, both New South Wales and Victoria reported no new cases for the previous 24 hours, with only Queensland and Western Australia reporting one new case each, the lowest national total since February. Western Australia also announced two old cases. However, the new case in Queensland was linked to the Rydges on Swanston cluster in Melbourne when a man who travelled from Melbourne to Brisbane on Virgin flight VA313 on 1 June tested positive.Colour photographs of an ANZAC dawn remembrance from Armstrong Street South, Ballarat looking East towards Mount Warrenheip. Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic and associated social distancing requirements regular ANZAC Day services and marches could not be held. People were encouraged to remember from their driveways at dawn on 25 April 2020. covid-19, corona virus, pandemic, social distancing, anzac day driveway remembrance, dawn, australian flag, mount warrenheip

Vietnam Veterans parade 1987. Australia gives the Vietnam Veterans:soldiers, navy and airman finally receive the "welcome home" they deserved. Vietnam Veterans parade 1987. Australia gives the Vietnam Veterans:soldiers, navy and airman finally receive the "welcome home" they deserved. Stained pine board with three Vietnam plaques mounted on - plaques - 1. Australian force Vietnam, 2.National memorial to Vietnam forces 3 Vietnam vetrans parade sydney 1987. 1. Australian Vietnam Forces National Memorial and 2. National Memorial to Vietnam forces The Australian Vietnam Forces National Memorial is dedicated to all those Australians who served, suffered and died in that conflict. It was built largely through contributions from the Australian people, raised by the Australian Vietnam Forces National Memorial Committee. 3. Vietnam Vetrans Parade Sydney 1987 On October 3, 1987, around 22, 000 Vietnam veterans marched in a ‘Welcome Home’ parade through the streets of Sydney It was estimated that the parade was watched by a crowd of up to 100,000, including Prime Minister Hawke, and that it stood up to ten deep along the parade route in some places. he marchers carried more than 500 Australian flags, each flag representing a serviceman who had lost their life during the Vietnam War. These simple acts represented the reconciliatory nature of the event – the flags, standing for the nation-state, were accepted as a proper symbol for the fallen by the veterans and symbolised their reconciliation with the body politic that they felt had rejected their rightful place in the Anzac narrative after the end of the Vietnam conflict. Plaques:- 1. Australian Vietnam Forces National Memorial, Wooden Shield with metal shield with black outer ringed by service corps insignia, inner with a white band of the shield shape. the interior of the metal shield is light blue circle, with a white vertical sword, the top of the sword is a banner of red and orange strips. Below the metal shield is a Australian Army rising sun badge. Followed by a banner inscribed with " Australian Force Vietnam" 2. National Memorial to the Australian Vietnam Forces :- Small wooden shield, with a metal rectangle inscribed - vietnam veterans, welcome home parade 1987, plaques

There is a Union Jack brought back from South Africa by 1229 Trooper Fredrick James Smith. Between 1899 and 1902, around 16,500 Australians served in South Africa during the Boer War. This was the largest international deployment of troops from the Australian Colonies before Australian Federation. Of the 16,500 men who served in South Africa, 606 were killed in action or died of diseases. The Australian War Memorial records that the fighting conditions in South Africa extremely hard on men and horses. Australians fighting in South Africa were doing so as part of Colony based Regiments such as the Victorian Mounted Rifles, New South Wales Lancers, Queensland Mounted Infantry as well as units from the other states. Australians were awarded six Victoria Crosses during the campaign along with many other decorations. In May of 1902 the treaty of Vereeniging was signed officially ending the Boer War. The Boer War is commemorated in many Towns and Cities around Australia. The Lara RSL Sub Branch holds some memorabilia from the Boer War. There is a Union Jack brought back from South Africa by 1229 Trooper Fredrick James Smith. He was a resident of Lara and was a member of the 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles. It was reported that he carried this flag into battle. The Lara RSL also holds the flag staff of the China, South African and Old Veterans Association. Both these items are of national significance. Both the flag and flag staff were used in marches in Geelong each year until 1916 when Anzac Day commenced. The flag and flag staff were donated to the Lara RSL sub Branch when he joined in 1928. Fredrick James Smith was born at Lara in 1879, the son of Mr/Mrs Smith from Lara. He was a farm hand from Horton Vale, Anakie when he joined F Company of the 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles at the beginning of February 1901. Two weeks later, he left for South Africa on the 15th February. Before leaving, he purchased the flag from W. Libby & Son Geelong. Frederick Left for South Africa on the 15 February 1901 on the Orient. He saw service between March 1901 - March 1902 in east Transvaal and Natal frontier under the British Major General S. Beatson then Pulteney, including the defeat at Wilmansrust where 18 soldiers were killed and 42 wounded (12th June 1901 - heaviest casualties of any Australian contingent,); and the successful intervention at Onverwacht on the 4th January 1902. The 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles suffered: 36 killed or died of wounds, 13 died of disease of a contingent of 46 Officers, 971 Other Ranks and 1099 horses. They returned to Australia on the 26th April 1902 on the Custodian after sailing from Point Natal in South Africa on the 5th April. On his return, Tropper Smith (Saddler Private) joined the South African Soldiers Association of Victoria – Geelong Branch, and after 1928, he joined the Lara RSL. He was buried in Western Cemetery on the 19th June 1968 at the age of 89. Enrolled February 1901 Departed for South Africa on 15 February 1901 Establishment: 46 Officers, 971 Other Ranks with 1099 horses Mobilised at Pretoria: 24 March -- 4 April 1901 Typical company: 1 Captain, 4 Lieutenants, 1 company sergeant-major, 1 company quartermaster-sergeant, 1 sergeant-farrier, 1 sergeant-saddler, 5 sergeants, 6 corporals, 3 shoeing-smiths, 3 saddlers, 1 bugler, 99 privates. Total in company: 126 with 131 horses. Engagements: Rhenoster Kop, Klippan, Kornfontein, Drivelfontein, Wilmansrust, Kambuladraai, H'Lobane, Luchiel's Nek, Loch's Kraal, Vryheid, Onverwacht, Johnston Hoek Killed in action (or died): six Officers, 48 Other Ranks VC Winner: Lieut. L. C. Maygar News article Leader (Melbourne) Saturday 31st May 1902, page 42 - Dear Cinderella. — This is the second time I have written to you. I was very sorry at not seeing my first letter in "The Leader". But I hope to say, that this one will be in. The last time I wrote to you I told you that my brother (Fredrick Smith) went to the Boer War in South Africa, and that he was supposed to be killed in the Wilmansrust disaster. But this time I am going to tell you about his return, and the grand welcome he got from the residents of Lara. Mother, Father, and my Brother, went down to Melbourne, to meet the boat. You can just imagine how rejoiced we all were to see him back again. The railway station was decorated some thing beautiful with flags of all description all the colours you could think of. He has bought a lot of Boer curios home and some Kaffir bracelets. They are such funny looking things. The residents of Lara, also gave my brother a grand social and ball there were over four hundred people present, They presented him with a hand some gold chain, and locket suitably inscribed, and a pair of gold sleeve links, they were magnificent. The ball was very nice. . I had a few dances. I enjoyed myself grand. I think this is all I can tell you this time. I must conclude with love. I remain yours sincerely - BESSIE SMITH. Age 14-years. This flag is of national significance as it was used in the Boer War by Private Fredrick James Smith (SN:1229) of the 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles, F Company in their deployment to South Africa between 1901 and 1902. The flag was taken into the Wilmansrust engagement in which 19 soldiers died and 41 were wounded. On return to Australia, the flag was used in marches by the South Africa, China Old Veterans Association - Geelong. This flag represents a unique part of Australian history from which the movie, Breaker Morant was taken. It is of spiritual significance as the Boer War was where the first Australian received the Imperial Victoria Cross, and the spirit of Anzac was conceived, giving birth in World War 1. The Flag represents the spirit of Australians who fought and died in South Africa.Cotton Union Jack flag approx 221cm wide by 109cm tall with small repair patches and center section cotton deteriorated.Has the word "Lara" inscribed in black on bottom part of the flag heading. Has the flag makers name "W.Libby & Son" on the top part of the flag heading.boer war, union jack flag, south africa, wilmansrust, 5th victorian mounted rifles, f coy, private fredrick james smith, service number 1229, february 1901, april 1902, south africa china old veterans association

Blue denim overlay (sleeveless jacket), with main back patch for the Griffin Motor Club, Canberra. Additional patches on the back include an Australian flag, and on the front include South Pacific Motor Club (SPMC), SPMC 20th Anniversary, Griffin MC 20th Anniversary, Griffin MC Associate Membership, Jackaroo MC Associate Membership, Southern Cross MC Associate Membership, Jackaroos Tasmania Run 1981, BMW, Australian National University (ANU) and unidentified.motorcycle club, gay, canberra

WWI ? trench artWhite cloth embroidered with rising sun badge flanked by Australian and British flags and butterfly created from National flag colours of Great Britain France and Germany Australian Commonwealth Military Forces (Butterfly) From your soldier boy

This photograph is part of the Caulfield Historical Album 1972, showing a crowd gathered in front of T Grogan's Drapery Emporium, entitled "6: Opening Day Glen Huntly Road Electric Trams 13.11.12". This album was created in approximately 1972 as part of a project by the Caulfield Historical Society to assist in identifying buildings worthy of preservation. The album is related to a Survey the Caulfield Historical Society developed in collaboration with the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) and Caulfield City Council to identify historic buildings within the City of Caulfield that warranted the protection of a National Trust Classification. Principal photographer thought to be Trevor Hart, member of Caulfield Historical Society. Most photographs were taken between 1966-1972 with a small number of photographs being older and from unknown sources. All photographs are black and white except where stated, with 386 photographs over 198 pages.Page 71 of Photograph Album with one photograph (in portrait) from Glen Huntly Road taken circa 1912. Hand written: 71 [bottom left] // title on photograph " 6: OPENING DAY GLEN HUNTLY ROAD ELECTRIC TRAMS 13.11.12"trevor hart, glen huntly road, elsternwick, shops, electric trams, crowds, buildings, flags, victorian, opening day, celebrations, glenhuntly road, t grogan's drapery emporium, clothing shops, openings (events), t grogan

Taken some time between 1914-18, the photograph depicts an aerial view of Villers-Bretonneux in France, a region which was part of the Western Front during World War I. The image mostly shows rural landscape. The Western Front was the main theatre of war during World War I. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The German advance was halted with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the Sea, both the French-British and German armies dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France. The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux occurred between 30 March - 5 April 1918. It took place during Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front. The offensive began against the British Fifth Army and the Third Army on the Somme, and pushed back the British and French reinforcements on the north side of the Somme. The capture of Villers-Bretonneux, close to Amiens, a strategically important road and rail-junction, would have brought the Germans within artillery-range. In late March, troops from the Australian Imperial Force were brought south from Belgium as reinforcements to help shore up the line. In early April, the Germans launched an attack to capture Villers-Bretonneux. After a determined defence by British and Australian troops, the attackers were close to success until a counter-attack by the 9th Australian Infantry Brigade and British troops late in the afternoon of 4 April restored the situation and halted the German advance on Amiens. The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux occurred between 24 - 27 April 1918, during the German Spring Offensive to the east of Amiens. It is notable for being the first occasion on which tanks fought against each other. A counter-attack by two Australian brigades and a British brigade during the night of 24 April partly surrounded Villers-Bretonneux, and on 25 April, the town was recaptured. On 26 April, the role of the Moroccan division of the French army was crucial in pushing back German units. Australian, British and French troops nearly restored the original front line by 27 April.The record is historically significant due to its connection to World War I. This conflict is integral to Australian culture as it was the single greatest loss of life and the greatest repatriation of casualties in the country's history. Australia’s involvement in the First World War began when the Australian government established the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in August 1914. Immediately, men were recruited to serve the British Empire in the Middle East and on the Western Front. Additionally, the record's significance is enhanced by its depiction of Villers-Bretonneux. The battles that occurred in this town during World War I are especially historically significant to Australia as this is where the Australian Imperial Force had one their greatest World War I victories. An Australian flag still flies over Villers-Bretonneux in the present. Furthermore, a plaque outside the Villers-Bretonneux Town Hall recounts the battles fought to save the town in 1918. Kangaroos feature over the entrance to the Town Hall, and the main street is named Rue de Melbourne. More officially, recognition of the significance of the battle in Villers-Bretonneux is found at the Australian National Memorial, which was built just outside the town. It commemorates all Australians who fought in France and Belgium and includes the names of 10,772 who died in France and have no known grave. Each year, a small ceremony is held at the memorial to mark the sacrifice made by the soldiers. Lastly, the record has strong research potential. This is due to the ongoing public and scholarly interest in war, history, and especially the ANZAC legend, which is commemorated annually on 25 April, known as ANZAC Day.Sepia rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Obverse: yAE.2.35. / 125 / 62d.2834.35.36.VA.5. / 12.G.18-11 / F.-(?)" /military album, wwi, world war i, villers-bretonneux, australian imperial force, aif, france, war, army, conflict, germany, 1918, battle