Ernest Heinrich Marcuse was born on the 1st of December 1900 to Hedwig and Siegmund Marcuse in Berlin Germany. While Marcuse's artistic talent was apparent from a younger age, his earliest existing artwork was from when he was approximately 20 years old. Ernest's formal art training commenced in 1918 with a three year course at the Berlin school of Interior design. After completion he found work until 1924 when Germany's Great Depression took effect. To broaden his career opportunities he undertook a further 12 months study of fashion, drawing and advertising at Berlin's Reiman school of art. From 1925 to 1934 Ernest was primarily a freelance press artist specialising in industrial, architectural and figurative drawing. Prominent newspaper The Berliner Morgenpost was his largest client along with Gross Deutsche Rundfunaustellung (Germany's organisation for major trade shows). During this period he would create many significant works. Two months after Hitler and the Nazi part came to power in 1933, Ernest received a life changing letter stating that being Jewish he could no longer continue employment in Germany. Up until 1938 he would only be able to undertake private commissions and occasional unofficial work as a book illustrator and games designer. This was by arrangement with non Jewish artists who claimed his work as their own, they would then share the income with Ernest. With increasing unrest in Germany during late 1938 Ernest decided to move to London and there he married his girlfriend Lotte. In late 1939 Ernest and Lotte Marcuse embarked on an eight week journey to their new home in Australia where they had been accepted as refugees. Shortly after arriving in Australia Ernest presented his portfolio to an editor at the Argus newspaper and gained employment as a war events illustrator. He soon became well respected and known in particular for his detailed illustrations and cross sections of ships , artillery and aircrafts. His detailed depictions of battles were displayed on the front pages of The Argus newspaper on a number of occasions. In May 1940 as the war intensified Ernest was dismissed from The Argus newspaper due to his Australian government classification of 'stateless person of enemy origin' and was considered a potential security risk. The editor of the time commented "don't blame us, blame Hitler". Marcuse then began to establish himself as a commercial artist. Ernest was de-classified as a 'stateless person of enemy origin' and in early 1942. The Australian army heard of Ernest's artistic abilities and began to utilize his designs for visual training aids and posters. Ernest became Private E.H Marcuse V377746, his first army posting was as staff artist at The infantry officer's training school at Bonegilla. When off duty he was inspired by the beauty of the surrounding area creating the works in North east Victoria 'Kiewa river bridge', 'Hume weir', ' Dried up river bed' and 'Hawksview gold reef mine' from his 1942-1943 period at Bonegilla Victoria. Ernest returned to the area to create drawings and paintings from 1948 to 1983 in locations including Bright, Wandilligong, Bogong High plains and Wallace's Hut, Mt Buffalo, Beechworth, Pretty valley, Kiewa Hydro, Yackandandah and Bontherambo homestead. These sketches were often completed on location, photographs were also taken onsite to assist the works back at the studio. Occasionally Marcuse also painted in the field. Ernest's preferred choice of medium was pencil and ink. Up until 1952 he would often incorporate watercolour into his work. Later into his career he began introducing pastels, acrylic and mixed media. In earlier years Ernest Marcuse often signed his work Mar, later on the signing of works ranged from Marcuse, E.Marcuse, Ernest Marcuse, EHM or simply EM . If a work was considered incomplete or Marcuse did not like the work it would remain unsigned. From Bonegilla Marcuse was transferred to Woodside South Australia before his final posting in Melbourne until the end of 1945. Ernest's work from within his army posting 'Troop Train at Night' from his 1945 exhibition Australia at War are part of the permanent collection at Canberra's War Museum. Between 1946 and 1969 Ernest largely worked from home and concentrated on a career as a freelance commercial artist and graphic designer. During that time he created work for well known household names including CRA/Conzinc, Vacuum oil (Caltex), Cottee's Brand (Schweppes and Heinz), Home Beautiful magazine Fulton garden supplies, International Iveco trucks, Ego pharmaceuticals, QV and Sunsense. After retirement Ernest concentrated on his true love of fine art and focused on painting images of personal interest both across Australia and Internationally. Earnest never drove a car. He would often walk or use public transport or enlist in the help of family or artist friends to drive him. Throughout his career Ernest Marcuse's artworks were purchase by private collectors these included ACTU, Melbourne City council, Holland Constructions, Melbourne Metropolitan Tramways Board, GJ Coles and Australian Resources Bank. Ernest Marcuse permanent collections can be viewed at The National Gallery of Victoria , Sydney Jewish Museum, Jewish Holocaust Centre Melbourne, Canberra's War Museum, City of Melbourne, Shire of Yarra ranges and now the Burke Museum. © 2020 Art by Marcuse https://www.artbymarcuse.com.au/aboutDonated to the Burke Museum through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Program by Peter and Evelyn MarcusePen and pencil landscape drawing on paper.Obverse: B'WORTH NEWTOWN / OLD HOUSE / E MARCUSE Reverse: B 11/ 023 / BEECHWORTH NOSTALGIA / BW - 04 ernest marcuse, marcuse, art, artbymarcuse, beechworth, burke museum, indigo shire, landscape, illustration, drawing, pen and pencil, australian army, war events illustrator, the age, the sun, the argus, germany, refugee, industrial drawing, architectual drawing, figure drawing, berliner morgenpost, grosse deutsche rundfunaustellung, berlin’s reiman school of art., cultural gifts program

Louis Chevalier, brother of popular artist Nicholas Chevalier, opened a sawmill in Beechworth near Spring Creek in Newtown in 1853. This facilitated a boom in building in the town, as materials were much more available than they had been previously. A second sawmill was opened in the town in 1856. Louis Chevalier served on the Beechworth Council as a representative of Newtown between 1858 and 1860. As this photograph is taken in 1859, the mill would have been operating as a sawmill at the time this photograph was taken. Louis Chevalier’s mill stopped sawing wood and began milling flour at some point between 1860 and 1862. At this time, the Oven’s district was almost self-sufficient, producing considerable quantities of grain, dairy, fodder and meat. Unfortunately, the region experienced poor agricultural yields in the 1880s and 1890s, which lead to the closure of the Beechworth Flour Mills in the 1880s. This photograph depicts the first sawmill in Beechworth, which was responsible for making the materials available for other early buildings in the town. The mill race and wheel are also clearly depicted, which may shed light onto how mill wheels of this era and place were constructedBlack and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on boardReverse: 3146 / 1997.2654 / Louis Chevalier's Flour Mill on / the Newtown Falls before the / Bridge / Est 1853 / this photo 1859 / 84-229-1 / Burke Museum Beechworth / Page 41 / 81 % / (Illegible) / (Illegible) 14 / chevalier, louis chevalier, newtown, mill, grain mill, sawmill, flour mill, 1850s beechworth, beechworth council, farming and agriculture, victorian agricultural history, spring creek, buildings, industry, forestry, wood, timber

Newspaper clipping from the Geelong Advertiser - 23-1-56? - titled "Eastern Park, Newtown, Trams Make Final Trips", about the closure of tram services in Geelong and their replacement by buses on the previous day, 22-1-56 and notes the number of crews made redundant and whether they have found jobs within the SEC or gone elsewhere. Item was contained within the back cover of Reg Item 5485 - Service Exercise Book, black covers, with label, red binding titled "No. 2 - Ballarat Tramways & S.E.C. Systems" - see list. Has "Closed 22-1-56" written on the top left hand corner of the cutting.geelong, closure

The Collins No. 2 Woollen Mill building dates from around the 1930s, however related buildings at that site were first constructed from around 1918, that was the Marnock Vale Wool Scouring Works. The Union Woollen Mill founded in the 1870s by William Henry Collins, a major Geelong industrial enterprise, was among the local firms which flourished during the First World War period. From 1914-1918 Collins Bros. concentrated on equipment for the A. I. F. However, afterwards Collins Bros. Pty. Ltd. specialised in the manufacture of flannels and blankets. From 1920 to 1938 the output was increased by fifty percent, and the number of employees rose to 200. The Collins Bros. No. 2 Mill was established in Bridge Street, Newtown. The proprietary brand 'Physician' became well and favourably known throughout Australia source: Heritage Victoria The Collins Bros Mills No. 1 and No. 2 hired over 250 people, and produced between 40,000 and 60,000 blankets for both the Australian market and for overseas export. Collins Bros closed both mills in 1974.Landscape photograph mounted on board showing a group portrait of staff seated and standing together in front of the Collins No. 2 Woollen Mill, Bridge Street, Newtown. Buildings, a chimney, towers, tanks, farmland, a car, powerlines and dirt roads are shown in the background.

Donated by Mrs Carracher, GaelBlack & white wedding photograph, unframed, mounted on cardboard. Subjects unknownOn bottom corner of mount "Tasma, Newtown, Sydney"weddings

Depicted in the photograph is Newtown Bridge or the Newtown Falls Bridge, in Beechworth, Victoria. Noted for its location, detailed craftsmanship and stonemasonry by Scottish stonemasons the Newtown Bridge was built in the 19th century provincial town of Beechworth (completed in 1875). The bridge was built over Spring Creek, spanning 6.3 meters wide and 24.8 meters tall. Beechworth held a distinct role in the administrative and commercial management of Victoria's north-eastern goldfields, with many objects and structures still well preserved from the towns establishment. The bridge indicates the growth of the town, replacing a previous timber structure as well as its association to the mining activity in the area and the rapid increase in Australia's economy that led to investment and development of roads and railways. The local granite used in the construction of the single arch Newtown Bridge makes the bridge and other buildings made with the granite unique to the area, the honey-toned material distinct to Beechworth. This photograph is historically significant as it provides insight into the industrial development of Beechworth and the surrounding area, contributed to by the goldfields. The photograph further captures the representation of vernacular engineering traditions and Scottish stonemasonry.Two sepia-toned rectangular photographs featuring a bridge in the background printed on matte photographic paper mounted on card.Reverse: 97.2324/ Newtown Bridge/ Beechworthbridge, newtown beechworth, newtown bridge, newtown, beechworth, beechworth falls bridge, beechworth mining district, spring creek,

Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photo of Geelong No. 8 to Newtown, in Aphrasia St at Talbot St. Newtown. Photo by Wal Jack 23-6-1949. Tram has the destination of Newtown. Has a church in the background - possibly now part of the Geelong College - (Google Earth) i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 18/6/2020. On rear in ink "SEC Geelong No. 8 to Newtown in Aphrasia St from Talbot St. 11.31am Newtown 23-6-49" Has the Wal Jack copyright stamp in the top right hand corner with the number "T284" written in.., Negs contained within a shoe box received from Keith Kings.trams, tramways, geelong, newtown, aphrasia st, tram 8

The photograph shows Geelong tram No. 2 at the Newtown tram terminus with the conductor or motorman with a conductor's bag standing by the rear of the tram and two ladies carrying bags approaching the tram. The tram has the return destination of Eastern Park. Photo by an unknown photographer on 14-1-1954.Yields information about tram 2Black and white photograph with details on rear.In pencil "#2 at Newtown Geelong 14-1-54" and number '1106" in ink.tramways, trams, geelong, newtown, tram 2

index, ill, maps, p.64.non-fictionA brief history of the Victoria Railways cross country line from Ballarat to Skipton and Colac in the South West.railroad construction - victoria - history, railways - south west victoria - history

Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photo of No. 25 and 1 at the junction between the Newtown and East lines, in Pakington St. Photo by Wal Jack 3/1/1945. City of Newtown and Chilwell offices on the right hand side. i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 29/6/2020. Has the rear in ink "SEC Geelong No. 25 from Beach to Newtown, No. 1 from East to Chilwell (straight down hill) Newtown Junc. Pakington St 3-1-45". Has the Wal Jack copyright stamp on the rear with the number T326 written in.trams, tramways, geelong, pakington st, newtown, east, tram 25, tram 1

Believed to have been taken sometime between 1858 and 1908, featuring a man with moustache, dressed in hat and long riding coat, seated on a bob-tailed horse, is stopped in the middle of a wide dirt road in Beechworth. He is outside a row of businesses, including R.McKenzie & Sons Grain Store and Mackenzie Family Store (Wholesale & Retail Est. 1855), along a sloping hill. Behind the main rider are a parked horse and laden two-wheeled cart backed up directly outside the grain store's verandah, and another man is driving a horse and four-wheeled wagon forward towards them. At the bottom of the hill is a bridge (Newtown Bridge) with forked road on the far side, leading to a number of houses on both sides of another hill. This image is looking down Bridge Street, Newtown, Beechworth and across to Ford Street (left) and High Street (right). Road-making was a focus of town development during the 1850s, and the wide streets were created on the instructions of the surveyor-general to be between sixty-six and ninety-nine feet wide to give the town a pleasing aspect.This photograph is important in showing the development and expansion of the various businesses and buildings in Bridge Street of Newtown, Beechworth. Black and white rectangular photograph printed on paperReverse: 6980/ PH 118/ 1998.00059/beechworth, new town, newtown, newtown beechworth, local business, mackenzie family store, mackenzie's family store, mackenzie, grain store, bridge, ford steet, high street, colonial australia, australian gold rushes, mining technology, beechworth historic district, indigo gold trail, migration, indigo shire, mckenzie and sons grainstore, mckenzie family store, mckenzie, newtown bridge

The photo shows Geelong tram No. 10 at the Newtown terminus, showing the return destination of Beach. Note the large overhead pan to assist the crew in locating the trolley pole, particularly at night. Photo by Ken Winney May 1947.Yields information about the Geelong Newtown terminus and tram 10Black and white photograph with typed details on rear.Typed on rear "Car No 10 at the Newtown terminus (Geelong), May 1947". Ken Magor stamp and "K Winney" tramways, trams, geelong, newtown, tram 10

Photograph of ex Geelong (not on bogies) 38 at Queens Park, late 1957, printed on Kodak paper. Has details of tram on the rear, including that it had been "demolished for scrap metal by Newtown Scout Troop 1961" On the rear of the photo in ink. "Queens Park Newtown, Photo late 1957" and "38 demolished for scrap metal by Newtown Scout Troop 1961" trams, tramways, geelong, queens park, tram bodies, tram 38

Air raid procedure issued by the authority of the Newtown and Chilwell council, with the approval of the State Emergency Council for Civil Defence.Gives information on what to do in the event of an air raid.Rectangular shaped laminated document khaki in colour.Town of Newtown and Chilwell AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS.

Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photo of Geelong No. 2 at the junction of the Newtown line. Has the destination of Chilwell. Photo by Wal Jack 23-6-1949. i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 6/6/2020. On rear in ink "SEC Geelong No. 2 leaving Newtown Junc for Chilwell 23-6-49" Has the Wal Jack copyright stamp in the top right hand corner with the number "T282" written in..trams, tramways, geelong, newtown, chilwell, tram 2

Yields information about Ryrie St Geelong, soon after the opening of the Geelong system and tram No. 7, Yields information about Ryrie St Geelong, soon after the opening of the Geelong system and tram No. 7Black and White Photograph of Geelong No.4 at the time of the opening of the Geelong tramways 1912, at Newtown with two crew members - driver / motorman George Winstanley and a conductor with bag and other equipment. Note the trailer tow bar coupler arrangement shown in detail on the photograph. Can see the fares notice inside the tram above the window. Printed on Canon hyper photo paper. Two copies held.In hand writing on the rear "15)" in top left hand corner. In the body of the photograph "Newtown Geelong Tramways, Geelong 1912, copy from print in the David O'Neil collection. Motorman: George Winstanley. trams, tramways, geelong, newtown, new trams, mesco, tram 4

Black and White copy print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. View of the intersection of Moorabool St and Malop St, photo from the North East corner. No. 4 MESCo, about 1928, heading south. Tram has the destination of Newtown. Solomons and E.G. Stott Jewellers and watchmakers buildings in the photo. Note the fire alarm, and letter box on the corner (right hand side of photo) Not known who made print. on rear in pencil "Newtown destination"trams, tramways, geelong, mesco, malop st, moorabool st, tram 4

The Beechworth Foundry was vital to the industry of the town and surrounding district in the early years of the town’s development. Originally opened as the New Ford Street Foundry by A. Roger in 1858, J Duncan and M Straughair amalgamated and established the Beechworth Foundry in 1867. The business was extensive and operated out of many buildings, each with their own specialisation. All of the buildings pictured in this image are part of the larger Beechworth Foundry. In the late 1860s it employed 16 men. The foundry was fundamental to the running of the town and surrounding district, as it manufactured all manner of items, including tools and machinery for the mining and agricultural industries. The foundry business collapsed in 1896 after the death of it’s founder, John Duncan, the same year (Straughair had died in 1882). The foundry was reopened by W H Phillips in 1905 and taken over by H Delora in 1906 This image is significant as it shows some of the many buildings of the Beechworth Foundry, which was a fundamental business to the running of the town and surrounding district, and supplied many of the tools and machines required for the mining and agricultural industries, as well as other aspects of life between the 1850s and early 1900sSepia rectangular photograph printed on paper. It has rough, torn-looking edgesReverse 97.2321 / BMM A03115duncan, john duncan, j duncan, m straughair, straughair, foundry, beechworth foundry, industry, factory, newtown, new ford street foundry, a roger, roger, w h phillips, phillips, w phillips, h delora, delora, metalwork, farming and agriculture, tools, mining, workmen

Agfachrome Professional plastic mount (blue base, white cover) reproduction slide of a colour slide of Geelong No. 8 at Newtown terminus, just after arrival. Tram has the destination of Newtown. Dave O'Neil notes remark about the sign on the left hand side of the road, partly obscured by the tram. Sign says way to Queens Park - was taken down during 2002. "G 11" in pencil.tramways, trams, geelong, newtown, tram 8

Yields information about the appearance of Bendigo steam tram motors and trailers.Black and White Photograph of Geelong No. 27, Birney tram, showing "Newtown" as the destination and a "Pay as You Enter" sign. Photo taken during the 1940's, before the tram went to Bendigo. Peter Duckett Collection. Dave O'Neil confirmed June 30/2009, photo taken at Aphrasia St, near Pleasant St Loop, the tram travelling to Newtown. The house behind the tram is still there.On rear, stamped in black ink "Photo supplied from P.W. Duckett Collection, All Rights Reserved, 69 Howitt Rd. Nth Caulfield 3161."trams, tramways, geelong, birney, newtown, tram 27

Set of eleven colour slides (Kodak) showing the removal of tram track in Geelong, c May 1979. All in Pakington St., Newtown, ex Newtown route. 2268.1 - slide 29 - look south from the north of Retreat Road. .2 - 30 - No. 276 in background, looking south .3 - 31 - City of Newtown Town Hall in background. .4 - 32 - opposite to that of No. 29. .5 - 33 - Looking south .6 - 34 - looking south with Aphrasia St. in the background. .7 - 35 - as for .2 .8 - 36 - Opposite No. 278, looking south .9 - 1 - opposite No. 276/278. .10 - 2 - ditto .11 - 3 - Outside No. 278, looking south. Bus stop still in position. See Letter to Dave O'Neil and responses.tramways, trams, geelong, track removal, pakington st, newtown

Made by the Returned Soldiers & Sailors Mill in Geelong, post-1924. Rug was given to NWM from another museum in Western AustraliaTartan rug with cream base, featuring pattern with blue, black, green, yellow and red believed to be the Dress Stewart tartan pattern. RS&S label stitched on back of one corner. Label has stitched signature of John Monash. Two of the ends are tasseled. Appears used with several stains and small holes. Reverse of rug is free of design with solitary light brown colour Bottom left front corner has label which reads "THE/ Dress Stewart" On rear of same corner has label which reads "THE GEELONG R.S & S WOOLLEN MILLS/ PURE/ WOOL/ THE John Monash RUG wool, rs&s, reutrned soldiers and sailors mill, rug, quilt, blanket, john monash, the dress stewart, world war one, world war two, tartan

The world’s most ecologically distinct bird lives in the native grasslands of Victoria - but only just. The plains-wanderer is a small bird that was once widespread across the grasslands of south-eastern Australia. Today there are fewer than 1000 mature birds in the wild. The plains-wanderer is under threat due to habitat loss caused by overgrazing, cropping and suburban sprawl. Unlike most other birds, female wanderers are larger and more colourful and the males take care of the chicks. They are only about 15cm tall and weigh between 40-80g for the male and 55-90g for the female. Their intricate plumage mirrors the colours of their grassland home so they blend in perfectly with their surroundings. The plains-wanderer’s origins date back to when Australia was part of the Gondwana supercontinent over 60 million years ago. They are so biologically distinct that their extinction would result in the loss of a branch of the tree of life. A fussy grass dweller, they like neither too much nor too little grass. That is where sheep grazing can help. After years of low numbers in Victoria, plains-wanderer populations have been increasing in Terrick Terrick National Park in north west Victoria, as sheep grazing maintains the grass in the park at a suitable level. With the right management, this ecologically important bird species is continuing to survive in the native grasslands of Victoria. Managing these habitats for the plains-wanderer can also support the conservation of many other threatened plant and animal species. Object: Nest of plains-wanderers by Mary-Jane Walker, 2020. Outer made from upcycled paper, internal structure steel. Nest of plains-wanderers by Mary-Jane Walker, 2020. Outer made from up cycled paper, internal structure steel. native grasslands, plains-wanderer, terrick terrick national park

'Armytage House' formerly 'The Hermitage' a two storey Barrabool freestone ashlar and basalt rubble mansion was upon completion in 1860 one the finest colonial regency style mansion houses in Victoria. The Ionic portico and exquisitely proportioned, encircling wrought iron verandah is the most distinctive feature of this mansion, which is undoubtedly Edward Prowse's most impressive work. The mansion has considerable and important historical associations, firstly with the Armytage family, and finally with the Geelong C.E.G.G.S (1905-1973) (https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/21747/download-report, accessed 25/03/2019) 03 May 1858 - Tender Notice in Geelong Advertiser 27 April 1860 - tender for iron gates 15 October 1860 - tender for stone wall and iron railing.armytage, armytage house, geelong, edward prowse, barrabook freestone, the hermitage