Showing 16 items matching "plaster copy"
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Federation University Historical CollectionEquipment - Object, Otto Waschatz, Cast of Hand, Plaster Cast Drawing Prop
... ...plaster copy...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...Plaster cast of a hand used as a teaching aid at the Ballarat Technical Art School. The Victorian Education Department courses required art students to create studies based on ancient sculptures so copies of famous works were purchased as teaching aids. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces, with TAFE students reportedly drawing from it into the twenty-first century. This plaster hand is inscribed “Waschatz, Modeller, Melbourne.” Otto Waschatz was a German plasterer who opened a plaster business in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, and was responsible for the invention of the first true fibrous plaster - using a layer of hemp laid between plaster to create light and strong panels. By 1912 Waschatz's Lottoid Pty Ltd was a thriving and creative business, and possessed over 5,000 moulds for all kinds of plasterwork. The business closed in 1915, as the result of anti-German sentiment during World War One. Plaster cast of a hand used as a teaching aid at the Ballarat Technical Art School. The Victorian Education Department courses required art students to create studies based on ancient sculptures so copies of famous works were purchased as teaching aids. Among these courses were 'Drawing the Human Figure from Cast' and ‘Drawing from the Antique’. Waschatz, Modeller, Melbourneballarat school of mines, art, arts academy, ballarat technical art school, vikki nash, plaster cast, otto waschatz, lattoid pty ltd, school of mines, plaster copy, drawing from the antique, drawing the human figure from cast -
Federation University Historical CollectionSculpture - Plaster Drawing Prop, Cast of Woman's Head
... The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces, with TAFE students reportedly drawing from it into the twenty-first century. It was removed to the University's Historical Collection in 2012.White plaster cast of a woman with closed eyes. The cast is hollow, with an opening at the back. There is a metal wire at the back so it can hang on the wall.ballarat technical art school, ballarat school of mines, art, drawing, plaster, drawing the human figure from cast, drawing from the antique -
Federation University Historical CollectionSculpture - Plaster Drawing Prop, Cast of Child’s Head
... plaster...Drawing from the Antique...Drawing the Human Figure from Cast...copy...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces, with TAFE students reportedly drawing from it into the twenty-first century. It was removed to the University's Historical Collection in 2012.White plaster cast showing the side profile of a child's face.ballarat technical art school, ballarat school of mines, art, drawing, plaster, drawing from the antique, drawing the human figure from cast, copy, replica -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)Plaster cast of the head of the first baby to be delivered under anaesthesia by the use of ether, 1847
... There is at least one other plaster copy; one is located at Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, 520 North Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068-2573, USA...There is at least one other plaster copy; one is located at Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, 520 North Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068-2573, USA Obstetric delivery Anaesthesia Replica model of a newborn baby's head. ...This a cast of the first baby to be delivered under anaesthesia, by the use of ether, in Edinburgh on 19 January 1847. The baby was delivered through a severely deformed pelvis, suffered a large indentation to the skull and did not live. The famous physician James Young Simpson, Professor of midwifery at Edinburgh University, attended this birth and wrote about it in the Monthly Journal of Medical Science 1846-7 Vol.7, p649-640. The cast of the baby's head was given to Lance Townsend, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne by Robert Kellar, then Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women at the University of Edinburgh, when Professor Townsend was visiting Edinburgh. There is at least one other plaster copy; one is located at Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, 520 North Northwest Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068-2573, USAReplica model of a newborn baby's head. The model is made of plaster, life-size, and is painted white. The model of the head shows a large indentation of two and a half inches in the skull on proper right, and a smaller dent on the proper left. Head is on a rectangular base. Label attached beneath the base of the object explains the significance of the object and notes that the model comes from the obstetric museum of the University of Edinburgh.obstetric delivery, anaesthesia -
Federation University Historical CollectionSculpture - Plaster Drawing Prop, Cast of Foot, before 1918
... The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s. This is one of the few surviving pieces. The foot came into the school’s collection prior to 1920 as it appears in a photo in the SMB Annual Report. There are two possibilities where these sculptures may have originated, either Victorian and Albert Museum or the British Museum. There is a reference to the purchase of plaster casts from the Victoria and Albert Museum in the 1918 School of Mines Ballarat Minute Book. This plaster cast of a foot is of local significance as only one of a few remaining teaching pieces from the substantial collection of sculptures used in the art school. The foot also has significance as an interpretive tool complementing the complete art folio of Edith Alice Watson who was a student from 1930-1933.Plaster cast of right foot including ankle. Made from plaster of Paris. Mainly white in colour with grey patches around metatarsels, flecks of blue and green paint and pale brown paint (possibly shellac) and on top of ankle. Measurements suggest a size 11 man's right foot.plaster cast, foot, drawing aid, art school, smb, edith alice watson, 1931, 1931-33, 1918, 1920, plaster of paris, sculpture, ballarat technical art school number 10, drawing from the antique, drawing the human figure from cast -
Federation University Historical CollectionSculpture - Plaster Replica (from original by Pheidias, 438 BCE-432 BCE), The river god Ilissos (possibly), c 1920 (from original 438 BCE-432 BCE)
... plaster cast...figure of a river god...Parthenon marbles...Ilissos...copy...The Royal Academy London also holds a copy of this plaster cast. The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...The Royal Academy London also holds a copy of this plaster cast. The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. ...This ‘heroic size’ reclining figure is a copy made from one of The Parthenon Sculptures currently housed at The British Museum, and thought to represent the river-god Ilissos. This piece was part of the Ballarat Technical Art School's collection of reference for art studies, and became affectionately known as 'Hercules' by subsequent student cohorts. The cast was likely made by Brucciani and Co. London, and part of a consignment delivered to the School during the 1920s. This cast replicates one of a number of relics acquired by Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin and ambassador to Turkey, (Lord Elgin) in Athens in the early 19th century. (Hence, these works were sometimes collectively referred to as the Elgin Marbles). Ownership of the artefacts, once part of the 2,500-year-old Parthenon temple, is disputed by Greece. It maintains that Elgin removed them illegally while the country was under Turkish occupation as part of the Ottoman Empire. The items were sold to the British Museum in 1816 and have remained there ever since. The original "Ilissos" was located on the west pediment of the Parthenon in Greece, and was created in c435 BC. It is unknown if the statue was in position or had already fallen when removed from the Parthenon by Elgin. The Royal Academy London also holds a copy of this plaster cast. The Ballarat Technical Art School boasted a well-stocked Antique Room replete with plaster copies of classical, Renaissance and Gothic sculptural examples, which were used as drawing props by students. The school inherited some casts from its predecessor institutions, and further consignments were purchased during the 1920s, including full length, bust and relief figures, as well as dozens of ornamental and architectural casts. Unfortunately, much of the collection was lost or destroyed in the late 1950s.Quality examples of heroic sized plaster replicas are now rare, as many plaster collections were destroyed or lost when the copy of antique examples fell out of favour with art schools.Plaster cast used during Drawing classes at the Ballarat Technical Arts School. It is likely a headless depiction of the river god Ilissos.hercules, ballarat technical art school, elgin marbles, plaster, plaster cast, figure of a river god, parthenon marbles, ilissos, copy, drawing the human figure from cast, drawing from the antique, visual arts -
Glen Eira Historical SocietyLetter - HOWITT FAMILY
... Turnbull’s medallion is indeed of Edith Mary Howitt (2 pages). 3/ Photo copied typed correspondence from Helen Tyzack dated 08/08/1980, from the Australian National Gallery, Canberra, requesting information about Thomas Woolner’s medallions either bronze or plaster. ...Turnbull’s medallion is indeed of Edith Mary Howitt (2 pages). 3/ Photo copied typed correspondence from Helen Tyzack dated 08/08/1980, from the Australian National Gallery, Canberra, requesting information about Thomas Woolner’s medallions either bronze or plaster. ...Four items about a bronze medallion of Edith Mary Howitt: 1/ Photocopied letter from Alex Turnbull, dated 15/10/1913 to Mr. A.W. Grieg who on reading an article by Mary E.B. Howitt, is wanting to know which Mary Howitt is represented on the bronze medallion in his possession, executed by T. Woolner dated 1853 Melbourne (2 pages). 2/ Handwritten photocopied letter to Mr. Greig from Mary G.B. Howitt dated 09/01/1914 confirming that Mr. Turnbull’s medallion is indeed of Edith Mary Howitt (2 pages). 3/ Photo copied typed correspondence from Helen Tyzack dated 08/08/1980, from the Australian National Gallery, Canberra, requesting information about Thomas Woolner’s medallions either bronze or plaster. The La Trobe library have been unable to assist, and she was wondering if the Royal Historical Society had any further information (1 page). 4/ Photocopied reply to Helen Tyzack dated 10/09/1980 which, after an exhaustive search, brings several letters to the fore, correctly identifying the medallion as being Miss Edith Mary Howitt, from H.N. Warren, director.historical society of victoria, howitt mary e.b., ‘the howitts in australia’, medals, woolner thomas, howitt godfrey dr, howitt william, authors, howitt edith mary, howitt mary, poetesses, anderson robert mrs., australian national gallery howitt charley, tyzack helen, royal historical society of victoria, turnbull alex h, warren h.m. -
Greensborough Historical SocietyAdvertisement - Digital image, Para Road Fibro Plaster Works, 1970s
... Greensborough Historical Society 34A Glenauburn Road Lower Plenty Lower Plenty melbourne Advertisement in the local paper for Para Road Fibro Plaster Works, of 191 Para Road Montmorency, 1970s Part of a collection of miscellaneous advertisements for businesses in Greensborough and surrounding areas. para road fibro plaster works para road montmorency Digital copy of newspaper advertisement. ...Advertisement in the local paper for Para Road Fibro Plaster Works, of 191 Para Road Montmorency, 1970sPart of a collection of miscellaneous advertisements for businesses in Greensborough and surrounding areas.Digital copy of newspaper advertisement.para road fibro plaster works, para road montmorency -
Greensborough Historical SocietyAdvertisement - Digital image, J.A. Donald - Plaster, Briar Hill 1954, 1954_
... Part of a collection of historic advertisements from local newspapers, showing local businesses from the mid 20th century. j a donald briar hill plaster Digital copy of 2 newspaper advertisements. ...Advertisement in the local paper for J.A. Donald - Plaster, Briar Hill (1954), also trading as Briar Hill Plaster.Part of a collection of historic advertisements from local newspapers, showing local businesses from the mid 20th century.Digital copy of 2 newspaper advertisements.j a donald, briar hill plaster -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Administrative record - National Trust Collection: Leigh Lodge, 12 Bannerman Street (formerly Selb Villa), 1973
... Within the house are original marble fireplaces, moulded cornices and ornamental plaster centre ceiling ornaments. The official Classification was dated May 1968. 3222 B - copy of the classification of Leigh Lodge (as Above), on yellow paper, and handwritten comments. ...Within the house are original marble fireplaces, moulded cornices and ornamental plaster centre ceiling ornaments. The official Classification was dated May 1968. 3222 B - copy of the classification of Leigh Lodge (as Above), on yellow paper, and handwritten comments. ...Leigh Lodge (formerly Selb Villa) Bendigo, 12 Bannerman St. Bendigo.National Trust Collection: Leigh Lodge, 12 Bannerman Street, Bendigo 3222 A - 15 December 1973, letter from Central Victoria Branch National Trust of Australia, Victoria to J. Barton Esq. that the property at 12 Bannerman Street has received Classification No. 3049, which states: LEIGH LODGE 12 Bannerman St Bendigo. Built approx. 1871-2 according to Municipal Rate Books. Previously named Selb Villa. Stands in half acre with stone stable and coach house, with hay loft, with right of way to Harrison Street. Garden has bricked paths and terraced rock walls of local sand stone. Included in the garden is a Pine Tree reputed to be as old as the house itself. Within the house are original marble fireplaces, moulded cornices and ornamental plaster centre ceiling ornaments. The official Classification was dated May 1968. 3222 B - copy of the classification of Leigh Lodge (as Above), on yellow paper, and handwritten comments. 3222 B handwritten comments on the undated copy of the NT classificationhistoric building -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and VillagePrint - Portrait, Australian Town and Country Journal, c. 1886
... Copies, Greater than any other Weekly in Australia.” The frame of the print has a solid back of thick timber panels and is crudely made. The edges of the frame appear to have an underlying plaster base that has been covered with a layer of wood. ...Copies, Greater than any other Weekly in Australia.” The frame of the print has a solid back of thick timber panels and is crudely made. The edges of the frame appear to have an underlying plaster base that has been covered with a layer of wood. ...This print was an 1885 Christmas gift from the publishers of the Australian Town and Country Journal to their subscribers. At that time Queen Victoria was 65 years old although she may not have been that age when the portrait was painted. The print shows Queen Victoria’s signature in the bottom right corner. It cost sixpence per copy and operated from 1870-1919. The Australian Town and Country Journal was printed weekly, on Saturdays, in Sydney. The edition on December 26, 1885, contained 51 pages. The Journal claimed “Circulation Ten Thousand Copies, Greater than any other Weekly in Australia.” The frame of the print has a solid back of thick timber panels and is crudely made. The edges of the frame appear to have an underlying plaster base that has been covered with a layer of wood. The corners are reinforced with metal protectors. The subject of the print is Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland. She was born as Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent on May 24, 1819. She became Queen on June 24, 1837 when King William IV died. She married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on February 10, 1840. Queen Victoria lived and reigned until her death on January 22, 1901, at age 82 years, after reigning for sixty-three years and seven months. This portrait is significant historically for its origin as an inclusion the Australian Town and Country Journal, a late 19th century Australian weekly newspaper, in circulation for almost fifty years. The portrait gifted to the newspaper’s subscribers is historically significant as an example of the connection between the people in the British Colony of Australia, with the value and respect held for the Queen of the Colony. The frame of the portrait, of solid and protective construction, shows the value that the owners placed on this portrait.Print behind glass in a brown wooden frame; coloured print of a portrait of Queen Victoria, made in watercolours. The Queen is wearing a blue sash, crown, and white ribbon pinned to the sash along with a cameo brooch and Royal Emblem. The portrait has an oval floral border of roses in pastel colours. Text is printed outside the border, as a title above and a signature below, in the lower right corner. The back of the frame is made of heavy timber panels with holes for attaching wire. The timber frame is over a white layer of soft substance, perhaps plaster. "Presented to the Subscribers of the Australian Town and Country Journal, December 25th 1885" “Victoria R”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime village, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, queen victoria, princess alexandrina victoria of kent, portrait of queen victoria, australian town and country journal, presented to subscribers, 1885 -
Brunswick Community History GroupPhotograph - Workers at a Brunswick plaster mill in the 1930s, Unknown
... Copied from a family photo by donor, Kevin Patterson. Photograph Workers at a Brunswick plaster mill in the 1930s ...Copy print. Copied from a family photo by donor, Kevin Patterson.The donor has written on the back 'Workers at a Brunswick plaster mill in the 1930s. Finished plaster sheets are in the racks behind the men. My father-in-law George Laughton is in the front row, third from the left. -
Vision AustraliaSculpture - Object, Louis Braille bust, 1929
... One side of medallion: Offert par le Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (curved edge) Louis Braille Centenary Presented by French Government to The Victorian Association of Braille Writers Melbourne 1929 Reverse side: Republique Francaise Baseplate: Presented by Mrs George Swinburne to commemorate the Centenary of Louis Braille. Copied from the plaster cast. Made & Donated by G.D. ...Victorian Association of Braille Writers Guilliame Daniel Duprat One side of medallion: Offert par le Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (curved edge) Louis Braille Centenary Presented by French Government to The Victorian Association of Braille Writers Melbourne 1929 Reverse side: Republique Francaise Baseplate: Presented by Mrs George Swinburne to commemorate the Centenary of Louis Braille. Copied from the plaster cast. Made & Donated by G.D. ...A bust of Louis Braille was gifted to the Victorian Association of Braille Writers (VABW) in 1929 by Mrs Swinburne. Made by the sculptor Guilliame Daniel Duprat, the sculpture commemorates 100 years of Braille, with the French government donating the centenary medal in the base. The bronze bust sits upon a blackwood plinth, with an inscribed nameplate below the chest, and a revolving medallion at the base of the stand.Sculpture of man on wooden plinth with inscribed medallion on axis and base plateOne side of medallion: Offert par le Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (curved edge) Louis Braille Centenary Presented by French Government to The Victorian Association of Braille Writers Melbourne 1929 Reverse side: Republique Francaise Baseplate: Presented by Mrs George Swinburne to commemorate the Centenary of Louis Braille. Copied from the plaster cast. Made & Donated by G.D. Delprat Esq. 1929 victorian association of braille writers, guilliame daniel duprat -
Kew Historical Society IncSculpture - Plaster Relief of King George V, J.S.D, c.1936
... plaster relief was once hung in the Kew Town Hall. While the artist has not yet been identified, it is assumed that the work may be mass-produced from an original copy....plaster relief was once hung in the Kew Town Hall. While the artist has not yet been identified, it is assumed that the work may be mass-produced from an original copy. george v plaster relief royal portraits Artist initials "J S D" lower right Gilded and framed plaster-relief of King George V. ...While its provenance is unclear, it is probable that this framed plaster relief was once hung in the Kew Town Hall. While the artist has not yet been identified, it is assumed that the work may be mass-produced from an original copy.Gilded and framed plaster-relief of King George V.Artist initials "J S D" lower rightgeorge v, plaster relief, royal portraits -
Melbourne LegacyPhotograph - Photo, Anzac Day, 1924
... copied from item no 01204). It is possible that the stamp on the reverse, '4 24', means April 1924, also see similar photos at 01203. From articles in Trove: The temporary cenotaph was the original first world war memorial until the Shrine of Remembrance was dedicated in 1937. The cenotaph was a half size replica of the London Symbol of Remembrance in Whitehall. It was made from timber and plaster...copied from item no 01204). It is possible that the stamp on the reverse, '4 24', means April 1924, also see similar photos at 01203. From articles in Trove: The temporary cenotaph was the original first world war memorial until the Shrine of Remembrance was dedicated in 1937. The cenotaph was a half size replica of the London Symbol of Remembrance in Whitehall. It was made from timber and plaster ...The photo shows the cenotaph on the steps of Parliament House in Spring St after a wreath laying ceremony. There was a picket fence around the area which was erected for occasions (see the newspaper clipping from Anzac Day in 1928 copied from item no 01204). It is possible that the stamp on the reverse, '4 24', means April 1924, also see similar photos at 01203. From articles in Trove: The temporary cenotaph was the original first world war memorial until the Shrine of Remembrance was dedicated in 1937. The cenotaph was a half size replica of the London Symbol of Remembrance in Whitehall. It was made from timber and plaster and was initially meant to only last for the 1926 Anzac day service and be removed. With annual upkeep it remained until at least 1934 when ex-service men proceeded from the incomplete Shrine to the cenotaph on the steps of Parliament House.An early Anzac day ceremony held at the cenotaph in Spring St, Melbourne, before the Shrine of Remembrance was built.Black and white photo of the cenotaph in Spring St, Melbourne.Stamped '4 24' in blue ink and 'Printed by Harringtons' in black ink in a circle.anzac day, wreath laying ceremony -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesDigital Photograph, Dorothy Wickham, The Cast Courts, 2016, 09/2016
... copies – being made of outstanding national monuments and notable sculptures. When the Museum was founded, it collected and displayed reproductions of great art and architecture from across the world in order to offer objects for study and tell a complete story of the history of art and design. Casts are made by placing several plaster...copies – being made of outstanding national monuments and notable sculptures. When the Museum was founded, it collected and displayed reproductions of great art and architecture from across the world in order to offer objects for study and tell a complete story of the history of art and design. Casts are made by placing several plaster ...This ornate cross sits at the right hand side of View of Trajan's column, Cast Courts, Room 46a, The West Court, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Cast Courts: "When the Architectural Courts – or Cast Courts as they are now known – opened in 1873, The Builder magazine compared the experience of seeing them to a first glimpse of Mont Blanc, creating one of those 'impressions that can scarcely be effaced'. Since then, these two enormous rooms and the reproductions they contain have continued to impress and inspire visitors to the Museum. For centuries, antiquarian interest in world architecture and sculpture led to reproductions – or copies – being made of outstanding national monuments and notable sculptures. When the Museum was founded, it collected and displayed reproductions of great art and architecture from across the world in order to offer objects for study and tell a complete story of the history of art and design. Casts are made by placing several plaster moulds upon the surface of the original structure. Once hardened and removed, the moulds are then enclosed in an outer casing, the interior coated with a separating agent and the wet plaster poured in. When set, the pieces are then assembled and the joints and surfaces finished off, to make a complete reproduction of the original work. The finished product – as well as being a formidable technical achievement in its own right – enables admirers to study faithful reproductions of important monuments and works of art." Ref: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/history-of-the-cast-courtslondon, victoria and albert museum, cast courts
