Showing 940 items matching "road springs"
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Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 1999, 18/01/1999
... Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs Swiss Italian Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs. ...Parma House was built by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa in 1854. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Former Macaroni Factory, Hepburn Springs, c2008, c2005-2010
... Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields macaroni factory heritage hepburn springs swiss italian lucini Italo-Australians Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs.macaroni factory, heritage, hepburn springs, swiss italian, lucini, italo-australians -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Former Macaroni Factory, Hepburn Springs, 2025, c2005-2010
... Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields macaroni factory heritage hepburn springs swiss italian lucini Italo-Australians Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Colour photograph of the Macaroni Factory in Main Road, Hepburn Springs.macaroni factory, heritage, hepburn springs, swiss italian, lucini, italo-australians -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Lisa Gervasoni, Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs
... Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs Swiss Italian Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs. ...Parma House was built by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa in 1854. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. Colour photographs of Villa Parma, Main Road, Heburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPostcard - Postcard - Black and White, Clare Gervasoni, Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs
... Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House was present behind a new brick front until refurbishments in 2022. savoia hotel spring creek hotel hotels hepburn springs Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House was present behind a new brick front until refurbishments in 2022.Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, hotels, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPostcard - Postcard - Black and White, Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs
... Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House is still present behind a new brick front. savoia house savoia hotel spring creek hotel hotels hepburn springs Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House is still present behind a new brick front. Black and white postcard of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. savoia house, savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, hotels, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Interior of Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 2005, 12/10/2005
... Interior view of the interior of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs foyer Swiss Italian Interior view of the interior of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Parma House was bult by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff.Interior view of the interior of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs, foyer, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Interior Staircase at Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 2005, 12/10/2005
... Interior view of the staircase at Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs foyer Swiss Italian Interior view of the staircase at Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Parma House was bult by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff.Interior view of the staircase at Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs, foyer, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 1999, 28/09/1999
... A number of colour photographs of Villa Parma and garden in Main Road, Heburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs A number of colour photographs of Villa Parma and garden in Main Road, Heburn Springs. ...Parma House was bult by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff.A number of colour photographs of Villa Parma and garden in Main Road, Heburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, View from Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 2005, 12/10/2005
... View from the second storey window of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs....Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff. villa parma fabrizio crippa parma house richard rigby kevin flintoff garden hepburn springs Swiss Italian View from the second storey window of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...Parma House was bult by Italian born Fabrizio Crippa. It was restored from a burnt wreck to Villa Parma by Richard Rigby and Franchek. Walls were scraped back to the original, and burnt umber detailing added. The garden was created by Richard Rigby and Kevin Flintoff.View from the second storey window of Parma House, Main Road, Hepburn Springs.villa parma, fabrizio crippa, parma house, richard rigby, kevin flintoff, garden, hepburn springs, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Black and White, Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel
... Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Hepburn Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel Photograph Photograph - Black and White ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House is still present behind a new brick front in Hepburn Springs Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. Savoia House K.C.B. Keeps Cool Beer McLoughlin's Spring Creek Hotel. Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Hepburnsavoia house, savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, hotels, hepburn springs, mclaughlin -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Black and White, Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel
... Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. ...69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House is still present behind a new brick front. savoia house savoia hotel spring creek hotel k.c.b. mclaoughlin hotels hepburn springs Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel Photograph Photograph - Black and White ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House is still present behind a new brick front. Black and white photograph of Savoia House and Spring Creek Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. savoia house, savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, k.c.b. mclaoughlin, hotels, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph, Clare Gervasoni, Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs, 06/2023
... Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. The hotel is an important site for the Swiss/Italian Community....69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House was present behind a new brick front until refurbishments in 2022. savoia hotel spring creek hotel hotels hepburn springs "A focal point for Italian speakers; in 1857 the site included Lorenzo's blackmsiht, Faustino's show shop, Sr Rosetti's Union Store and Giovanettina's Lemonade Store." Swiss & Italian Festa Committee 2012 Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House was present behind a new brick front until refurbishments in 2022.Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. The hotel is an important site for the Swiss/Italian Community."A focal point for Italian speakers; in 1857 the site included Lorenzo's blackmsiht, Faustino's show shop, Sr Rosetti's Union Store and Giovanettina's Lemonade Store." Swiss & Italian Festa Committee 2012savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, hotels, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph, Clare Gervasoni, Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs, 25/02/2021
... Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. The hotel is an important site for the Swiss/Italian Community....69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...It was the site of the meeting to protect the mineral springs from mining, and in 1864 houses an Italian reading Room. savoia hotel spring creek hotel hotels hepburn springs Swiss Italian "A focal point for Italian speakers; in 1857 the site included Lorenzo's blacksmith, Faustino's show shop, Dr Rosetti's Union Store and Giovanettina's Lemonade Store." Swiss & Italian Festa Committee 2012 Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road ...Now known as the Savoia Hotel, the original Savoia House was present behind a new brick front until refurbishments in 2022. It was the site of the meeting to protect the mineral springs from mining, and in 1864 houses an Italian reading Room.Colour photograph of Savoia Hotel, Main Road, Hepburn Springs. The hotel is an important site for the Swiss/Italian Community."A focal point for Italian speakers; in 1857 the site included Lorenzo's blacksmith, Faustino's show shop, Dr Rosetti's Union Store and Giovanettina's Lemonade Store." Swiss & Italian Festa Committee 2012savoia hotel, spring creek hotel, hotels, hepburn springs, swiss italian -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Black and White, Bedolla's Spring Creek Hotel (Hepburn Springs)
... Photograph of the Spring Creek Hotel in Main Road Hepburn Springs. This building is now behind the newer front of the Savoia Hotel....69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Spring Creek Hotel was later known as the Savoia Hotel. spring creek hotel savoia hotel michele bedolla hotels Swiss Italian Photograph of the Spring Creek Hotel in Main Road Hepburn Springs. This building is now behind the newer front of the Savoia Hotel. ...Spring Creek Hotel was later known as the Savoia Hotel.Photograph of the Spring Creek Hotel in Main Road Hepburn Springs. This building is now behind the newer front of the Savoia Hotel.spring creek hotel, savoia hotel, michele bedolla, hotels, swiss italian -
Federation University Historical CollectionBooklets, Coventry Engineering Society Journal, 1926, 1926
... ...road springs...Includes * Coventry Engineering Society Annual Report * Road Springs by C.E. Cary .3) Vol. 7. No. 2, February 1926. ...Includes * Coventry Engineering Society Annual Report * Road Springs by C.E. Cary .3) Vol. 7. No. 2, February 1926. ...Six grey soft covered Coventry Engineering Society Journals. .1) Vol. 6 No. 3, March 1925. Includes * The Influences of Rates of Colling upon Cast Iron by H. Beeny * Pulverised Coal by J. Pickin (Junior) .2) Vol. 7. No. 1, January 1926. Includes * Coventry Engineering Society Annual Report * Road Springs by C.E. Cary .3) Vol. 7. No. 2, February 1926. Includes * Some methods of Testing Engines by G.H. Walker Vol. 7. No. 3, March 1926. Includes * Notes on the Disposal of a Town's Refuse by H.L. Bunting * How roadcasting is Done by J.A. Cooper Vol. 7. No. 4, April, 1926. Includes * The Applicaton of Thermionic Repeaters to Long Distance Telephony by H.C. Hannam-Clark Vol. 7. No. 5, May 1926. Includes * Automobile Design by W. Ferrier Brown * Floodlighting and its Possibilities by H.C. Wheat Vol. 7. No. 6, June 1926. Includes * Machines for Testing Materials by H.N. Cox * Characteristics and uses of Ground Gears by H.F.L. Orcutt * Instruments for Recording Minute Oscillations * Characteristics of Iron Ores by A.J. Aierscoventry, engineering, coventry engineering society, peterborough cathedral, cast iron, h. beeny, pulverised coal, j. pickin (junior), road springs, c.e. cary, testing engines, g.h. walker, disposal of a town's refuse, h.l. bunting, roadcasting, j.a. cooper, thermionic repeaters, long distance telephony, h.c. hannam-clark, automobile design, w. ferrier brown, floodlighting, h.c. wheat, machines for testing materials, h.n. cox, ground gears, h.f.l. orcutt, instruments for recording minute oscillations, iron ores, a.j. aiers -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Fabrizio Crippa's Pear Tree, Hepburn Springs, 27/08/2006
... Fabrizio Crippa of Monza, Italy built a double storey villa in 1864 on the Main Road in Hepburn Springs. The surrounding land was planted with vines and fruit trees. ...Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria , 3461, Australia...PO Box 93R, Redan, 3350 goldfields Fabrizio Crippa of Monza, Italy built a double storey villa in 1864 on the Main Road in Hepburn Springs. The surrounding land was planted with vines and fruit trees. ...Fabrizio Crippa of Monza, Italy built a double storey villa in 1864 on the Main Road in Hepburn Springs. The surrounding land was planted with vines and fruit trees. The pear tree is most probably one of Fabrizio Crippa's original plantings.Am old pear tree stands in a garden with a building in the back ground. hepburn, hepburn springs, pear, villa parma, parma house, crippa, fabrizio crippa -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Image from a Postcard Booklet Image, Vincent Street Daylesford, c1948
... ...central springs road...Photographic image of a streetscape of Vincent Street Daylesford from Central Springs Road...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields Daylesford in a tourist town with natural mineral water springs daylesford central springs road vincent street streetscape Photographic image of a streetscape of Vincent Street Daylesford from Central Springs Road Vincent Street Daylesford Photograph Image from a Postcard Booklet Image ...Daylesford in a tourist town with natural mineral water springsPhotographic image of a streetscape of Vincent Street Daylesford from Central Springs Roaddaylesford, central springs road, vincent street, streetscape -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Hepburn Bath House, 2004, 24/04/2012
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Victoria, 3461, Australia ...This photograph was taken just before refurbishment and extension of the Hepburn Bathhouse. The bathhouse uses mineral water for therapeutic baths.Image of the brick bathhouse at Hepburn Springs before redevelopment. The bathhouse is in the Hepburn Springs Reserve.hepburn springs, mineral water, bath, -
Sunshine and District Historical Society IncorporatedCertificate - Presented to Hugh T OReilly The President Councillors and Ratepayers of the Shire of Braybrook desire you to accept this Certificate in appreciation of your services with the Australian Armed Forces, Photocopy made 29/09/2015, Original made in 1946
... Ballarat Road, Caroline Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Corporal Hugh Terence O'Reilly VX108560 was born in Temora, NSW on 25 September 1916. He later lived in Hampshire Road, Sunshine, Victoria, and enlisted at Sunshine with the Australian Army on 29 July 1942. He served in New Guinea, and at the time of discharge on 8 November 1945 was posted with the 22 Australian Infantry Battalion. Additional service number recorded is V37790. In civilian life Hugh Terence O'Reilly was employed in the manufacture of fibrous plaster boards.The significance is that the Shire of Braybrook, and perhaps other councils, recognised their citizens who served in the Australian Armed Forces during World War 2, by presenting them with Certificates in appreciation of their military service.Presented to Hugh T. O'Reilly. The President, Councillors and Ratepayers of the Shire of Braybrook desire you to accept this Certificate in appreciation of your services with the Australian Armed Forces, and extend to you the grateful thanks of this Municipality for your noble effort for King and Country. Given under the Seal of President, Councillors and Ratepayers of the Shire of Braybrook, this second day of August, 1946. J. R. Parsons - President, 'illegible' - Shire Secretaryshire of braybrook, hugh terrence o'reilly -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, Invoice from Lucini and Co, Hepburn Springs, c1900, c1900
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...This invoice was directed to Luigi Gervasoni or Yandoit Creek.Colour photograph of an invoice from Lucini and Co. (late G. and P. Lucini), manuacturers of macaroni, vermicelli and other pasta. macaroni factory, hepburn springs, swiss italian, lucini, italo-australians, past, macaroni, vermicelli, giacomo lucini, pietro lucini -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, Hepburn Democratic Club (Macaroni factory), Hepburn Springs, 2005, 11/04/2005
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Colour photograph of a 'ghost sign' on the walls of the Macaroni Factory in Hepburn Springs. The Hepburn Democratic Club met at the Hepburn Democratic Club.macaroni factory, hepburn springs, swiss italian, lucini, italo-australians, giacomo lucini, pietro lucini, pasta, hepburn democratic club -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Black and White, Rolleri's Parma House, Hepburn Springs
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Black and white photograph of Parma House in Hepburn Springs.parma house, villa parma, rolleri, hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, The Palais, Hepburn Springs, 2018, 18/11/2018
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Colour photographs of the exterior of The Palais in Hepburn Springs.palais hepburn springs -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Kevin Flintoff, Clare Gervasoni at Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 2005, 17/07/2005
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Colour portrait of Clare Gervasoniclare gervasoni -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Lisa Gervasoni, Tulips at Villa Parma, Hepburn Springs, 2012, 08/01/2012
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Digital image of tulips in front of Villa Parmatulips, villa parma -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, Former Yandoit Hills School 2052 after being moved to Hepburn Springs, c2005, c2005
... This building was moved from Yandoit Creek to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. ...Colour photograph of on old schoolhouse that was moved from Yandoit Hills to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. The building was used for religious services before being turned into a private residence. ...Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia...Ballarat Heritage Services PO Box 2209 Bakery Hill Post Office goldfields This building was moved from Yandoit Creek to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. Yandoit Hills State School No 2052 education Hepburn Springs Yandoit Hills Yandoit Creek Colour photograph of on old schoolhouse that was moved from Yandoit Hills to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. ...This building was moved from Yandoit Creek to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. Colour photograph of on old schoolhouse that was moved from Yandoit Hills to the corner of Main Road and Seventh Street, Hepburn Springs. The building was used for religious services before being turned into a private residence. yandoit hills state school no 2052, education, hepburn springs, yandoit hills, yandoit creek -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesDigital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Knitting blankets - savoia hotel Hepburn Springs, c2006
... 69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Digital images of (L-R) Clare Gervasoni, Joan McEwen and Lisa Gervasoni, three of many knitters at the Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs. The knitting club made squares for blankets and donated them to charity. savoia hotel, hepburn springs, victoria, knitting, winter, blankets, club, charity, lisa gervasoni, joan mcewen -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Herald Sun tour past villa parma, c2004
... Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Parma House (later Villa Parma) was built in 1864 by Italian born Fabrizzio Crippa.Colour photograph of two cyclists reiding past Villa Parma in Hepburn Springs.hepburn springs, herald sun tour, cycling, villa parma, parma house -
Ballarat Heritage ServicesPhotograph - Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Fireplace at the Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs, 2004, c2004
... 69 Main Road, Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia ...Colour photography of an open fire in the Savoia Hotel, Hepburn Springs.hepburn springs, fire, fireplace, open fire
