Showing 51 items
matching seaweed
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Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital Photograph, L.J. Gervasoni, Seaweed Underwater Port Fairy, 2015
Digital Image of seaweed taken under water at the Port Fairy Beach 'Pea Soup".sea, ocean, seaweed, kelp, sand, underwater, beach, port fairy, pea soup -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, BOCA Project - birds and seaweed, 1996
Leaflet distributed by the Bird Observer's Club expressing concern harvesting of wrack (beach cast seaweed)Leaflet distributed by the Bird Observer's Club expressing concern harvesting of wrack (beach cast seaweed) from Australian beaches will upset the ecology. A precis from a 3 page article in the 'Bird Observer', June 1996. Contains a record sheet.Leaflet distributed by the Bird Observer's Club expressing concern harvesting of wrack (beach cast seaweed)environment, bird observers club of australia, seaweed, birds -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Underwater Scene at Pea Soup Beach, Port Fairy, c2013
Underwater photograph showing seaweed.landscape, port fairy, beach, pea soup beach, sand, kelp, seaweed, seascape, waterscape, underwater -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Underwater Scene at Pea Soup Beach, Port Fairy, c2013
Colour underwater photograph of seaweed.landscape, port fairy, beach, pea soup beach, sand, kelp, seaweed, seascape, waterscape, underwater -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Artwork, other - Diorama with seaweed specimens, Richard Foster Norton, 1860
The diorama of mounted specimens of seaweed was framed by Richard Foster Norton for Thomas Watson and is dated 1860. Watson was the Warrnambool District Surveyor at the time (1860). The inscription on the back of the frame links the artwork to the Pigeon Hill property, which was located on Allansford Road (corner of Staffords Road – north side of the Princes Highway-A1). In the 1860s, the property known as Pigeon Hill was owned by William Wall who was a publican who ran several hotels in Warrnambool and district. In 1860 Wall, was running a hotel in Wangoom, near Pigeon Hill. Further research is required to determine the exact location, but Pigeon Hill could also have been the name for that area and may have had other people living there. Thomas Watson was a member of the local horticultural society. Another possible creator of the artwork is Samuel Hannaford, a biologist with a particular interest in collecting marine flora. Hannaford left Warrnambool in 1857 and went to Geelong, so it is possible he collected the specimens had them framed in Geelong, and then arranged for their return to Watson. The other known seaweed collector was Henry Watts, who lived in Warrnambool in the mid-19th century. The seaweed collection in this box was possibly one of Watts' and could have been prepared for the Victorian Exhibition of 1861, Richard Foster Norton, also known as R.F Norton, was one of only a handful of picture framers in 1850s Melbourne. Norton was born on the 24th of July 1822 in Yelvertoft, Northamptonshire and prior to his arrival in Australia, Norton is listed in England as having the occupation of a painter. It appears that he established his business in Melbourne in 1854 or 1855. Between 1855 and 1865 he operated from 87, then 83, and later 80 Collins Street. In the Argus newspaper, Norton advertised his business as a Print seller, Carver, Gilder and Picture Frame manufacturer, supplying the growing demand for artworks and decorative furnishings in the colony during the Gold Rush. Norton also had a Geelong branch in Market Square, where this work was produced. This framed work is highly significant. Previous research has found that only six frames are in existence that can be attributed to be made Norton, dating from the late 1850’s to the mid 1860’s. Moreover, Thomas Watson the owner of the artwork, is one of the government surveyors of the region during the mid-19th century.Diorama in deep wooden frame, behind glass. Seaweed specimens have been mounted within the frame. The back of the frame has handwritten inscriptions including the framer's label (portions missing). The diorama was framed by Richard Fraser Norton. Printed label; "RICHARD FOS --- Picture Framer and -- MANUF -- CARVER, GILDER, ---- PAINTINGS CLEANED, LINED AND --- GLASSES RESILVERED, FRAMES --- Architectual Decorations created to any design in Paper Mache, Carlton Pierre, or Composition, Country Orders promptly attended to, The Order Suppl ---, BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT, MARKET SQUARE, GEELONG" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, richard foster norton, r.f norton, picture framers, melbourne, geelong, artwork and decorative furnishings, gold rush, seaweed, botanical specimens, 1860, pigeon hill, district surveyor, thomas watson, william wall, wangoom, samuel hannaford, henry watts, victorian exhibition, 1861, yelvertoft, northamptonshire, market square -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Plant specimen - Pressed Seaweed, n.d
Specimen of red and yellow branching pressed seaweed -
Federation University Art Collection
Ceramic - Artwork, Wood Fired Pot by Russell Thorpe, c1979
Russell THORPE Russell Thorpe was a Diploma of Visual Art student at the Gippsland Centre for Art and Design (GCAD) from 1977 to 1979.Ana-gama fired stoneware with seaweed markings.jan feder memorial ceramics collection, russell thorpe, australian studio pottery, alumni -
Federation University Art Collection
Ceramic, [Vessel] by Stephen Cuthill, c1982
Stephen CUTHILL Stephen Cuthill was a diploma graduate from the Gippsland Centre of Art and Design (GCAD), and was later a tutor.Wood fired port with seaweed and flyash glazejan feder memorial ceramics collection, stephen cuthill, alumni, woodfired -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ephemera, Ballarat School of Mines Bookmark, 1931, 1931
The original of this bookmark is held by the family of a former student of the Ballarat School of MinesPhotograph of a Ballarat School of Mines bookmark with the image of a redfish swimming around seaweed, Handwritten onto the bookmark 'Bill Rume"ballarat school of mines, bookmark, rume -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, Having a rest, 1925-1926
Sepia photograph of four women and one girl in bathers lying on the sand with a clump of seaweed. Pier in the background.Having a restcowes pier, photographs, cowes beach, social life and customs -
Linton Mechanics Institute and Free Library Collection
Book - Novel, Whishaw, Fred J, A Tsar's gratitude, 1897
320 p.: decorative grey and black cover with images of a ship on the sea, seaweed or flowers. Title and author's name embossed in gold on spine.fictionfiction, fred j. whishaw -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Souvenir - Snow Dome - Portland, Victoria, n.d
Plastic snow dome featuring an underwater scene - diver, crab, seaweed, shells, no 'snow'. 'Portland Victoria' in black script one side of dome sectionsouvenir of portland, portland harbour, underwater, reef -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Marina, Lee Breakwater, 05/12/1991
Port of Portland Authority ArchivesBack: Bottom right corner '5-12-91'port of portland archives -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Souvenir - Dolphin Dome - Portland, Victoria, n.d
Egg-shaped snow-dome, contains two dolphins and an anchor. Dome sits in blue and white clam with 'gold' coins spilling out of it; seaweeds and corals. Switch underneath turns on changing light display.Front: 'Portland Victoria' - black print -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, Cowes Sea Baths, Phillip Island
Sea Baths at Cowes built 1893. Wooden structures extending into water. Much seaweed on sand, Moonah tree and scrub to right of photograph.The baths seafront, CowesThe Baths, Cowes. Black and Whitelocal history, photographs, sea baths, cowes, sepia photograph, mary karney -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Artwork, other - Wall decoration, late 19th century
This unusual wall decoration was created by Anna Wilson (nee Henry), daughter of pioneer John Stephenson Henry, who arrived in Australia from Ireland with his children in 1851. Family documents confirm that Anna most probably made the diorama for her sister-in-law, who married a member of the Giles family. The diorama was later given to Vera Giles who was a family friend and possibly related to Anna’s sister-in-law by marriage. The diorama is now part of the Giles Collection. Anna married William Wilson in 1860, who had arrived in Australia from County Tarrane in about 1850, aged 19. In 1869 they moved to their new property called ‘Glenlyall’ in Cooramook, north of Grassmere, Victoria, where he lived for 49 years until his death in 1918. He left behind a family of four sons and a daughter. The Giles Family There are many 19th century items of furniture, linen and crockery donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by Vera and Aurelin Giles. The items are associated with the Giles Family and are known as the “Giles Collection”. These items mostly came from the simple home of Vera’s parents-in-law, Henry Giles and his wife Mary Jane (nee Freckleton), whose photos are in the parlour. They married in 1880. Henry Giles was born at Tower Hill in 1858. He was a labourer on the construction of the Breakwater before leaving in 1895 to build bridges in N.S.W. for about seven years. Mary Jane was born in 1860 at Cooramook. She attended Mailor’s Flat State School where she was also a student teacher before, as family legend has it, she became a governess at “Injemiara” where her grandfather, Francis Freckleton, once owned land. Henry and Mary’s family of six, some of whom were born at Mailor’s Flat and later children at Wangoom, lived with their parents at Wangoom and Purnim west, where Henry died in 1933 and Mary Jane in 1940. The family of the creator Anna Wilson nee Henry and her husband William Wilson are of significance to the early history of Victoria and the South West of Victoria in particular, being pioneer families who farmed the land, built the towns and cities and contributed to their communities. The Giles family collection has social significance at a local level, because it illustrates the level of material support the Warrnambool community gave to Flagstaff Hill when the Museum was established. Wall decoration, diorama with decorative gild frame and glass front. The 3-dimensional seascape includes sailing boats, land and sea, all made from materials such as shells, coral and seaweed. The work was made by Anna Wilson. It is part of the Giles Collection.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, giles collection, henry giles, tower hill, cooramook, warrnambool breakwater, mailor’s flat, wangoom, 19th century household goods, 19th century decor, 19th century handcraft, handcraft, wall hanging, diorama of a seascape -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Painting, Summer Holiday, 1967
Aerial view of a harbour with a jetty and a boat. At edge of water is a narrow beach and 4 houses (white with roofs painted in orange, yellow, white and pale blue). Seaweed and reefs are visible below surface of water. Framed in wood and board frame (white and grey).Front: Barnard 1967 (lower left, blue paint). Back: Phyl Barnard "Summer Holiday" 1967. -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Tobacco Pipes, circa 1869
This concretion of tobacco pipes is one of a group of artefacts in the McCulloch Collection. It was recovered from the shipwreck of the Victoria Tower. The pipes may have been amongst the ship's cargo but could have been included in a passenger’s personal effects. The object is now one of the shipwreck artefacts in Flagstaff Hill’s Mc Culloch Collection, which includes items recovered from the wrecks of the Victoria Tower (wrecked in 1869) and Loch Ard (wrecked in 1878). They were salvaged by a diver in the early 1970s from the southwest coast of Victoria. Advanced marine technology had enabled divers to explore the depths of the ocean and gather its treasures before protective legislation was introduced by the Government. The artefacts were donated to Queensland’s Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (EHP) by a passionate shipwreck lover and their locations were verified by Bruce McCulloch. In 2017 the Department repatriated them to Flagstaff Hill where they joined our vast collection of artefacts from Victoria’s Shipwreck Coast. The Victoria Tower: - The three-masted iron clipper ship was built in 1869 in Liverpool, England, as a passenger and cargo ship for the Australian trade. She was named after one of the two towers of the British Houses of Parliament and owned by the White Star line. The Victoria Tower sailed under the command of Captain Kerr from Liverpool towards Melbourne on her maiden voyage. She carried 34 passengers and 16 crew plus a general cargo including bottled beer, slates, iron pipes and hardware. She was almost at her destination when she was wrecked on 17th October 1869 at Point Impossible, west of Thompsons Creek, Breamlea. The shipwreck is a very popular dive site.The artefact is an example of cargo or personal items on board a ship in 1869. It provides a reference point for classifying and dating similar items. The artefact is significant for its association with the clipper ship Victoria Tower, which is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register as S698. The Victoria Tower is recorded as the most intact historic shipwreck accessible between Point Lonsdale and Cape Otway. The Victoria Tower is one of only seven shipwrecks in Victoria that have had more than 100 objects recovered from them reported as a result of the Commonwealth Amnesty held in 1993-94.Concretion of clay tobacco pipes. Bowls and stems of several broken orange tobacco pipes are joined together in ac irregularly shaped clump of concretion from the sea. The concretion also contains stones, shells, sand and particles of seaweed. It was recovered wreck of the ship Victoria Tower.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, wreck dive, mcculloch collection, bruce mcculloch, white star line, victorian heritage register, clipper ship, victoria tower, captain kerr, shipwreck victoria tower, migrant ship 1869, cargo ship 1869, iron clipper, british clipper ship, 1869, cargo imported to australia, pipe cluster, concretion of pipes, pipe, ceramic pipes, tobacco pipes, smoker's pipes -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph - Thunderbird, Lakes Post Newspaper, 1991
Date made November 1991Black and white photograph of the waterfront walkway, showing a timber footpath and guard railings concrete edgings being constructed beside car park. Sandy beach and seaweed at edge of lake, fishing boats and tourist boat Thunder Bird moored at wharf in background. Lakes Entrance Victoria township, waterfront -
Linton Mechanics Institute and Free Library Collection
Book - Novel, Whishaw, Fred J, The tiger of Muscovy, 1904
332 p. : decorative grey-green and black cover, with images of a ship on the sea, and seaweed or flowers.Title and author's name embossed in gold on spine. Decorative endpapers - images of sailing ships and swans. Plate pasted to front cover, indicating book was previously in another collection: 'Mullen's Library, Collins Street, Melbourne'.fictionfiction, fred j. whishaw -
Brighton Historical Society
Evening outfit, 1970s
Silver, blue and green knitted lurex evening outfit comprising maxi dress (.1) and short blue lurex jacket (.2) with short sleeves. Sleeveless high-necked dress with bold seaweed design. Fastens centre back with long metal zip. Jacket and dress fully lined with dark blue lining.Label, woven black on white acetate centre back jacket: Tricó / ROMAevening outfit, 1970s, lurex -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph - SS Bogong, 1886c
This is the paired before paired photograph used in the 150 year Lakes Entrance 1858-2008 display.|The after paired photograph number is 01464.1|Also one 12 x 16 framed photograph used in room display.Black and white photograph of the foreshore, showing a small steamer moored at a rough timber jetty, known as 'the Landing' (later Barrier Landing). Three small rowing boats moored to jetty loading fish to steamer identified as ss Bogong. Five men on jetty. Sandy shore strewn with dead seaweed, coastal banksia on bank. Lakes Entrance Victoriajetties, waterfront, boats and boating, vegetation, room display -
Federation University Art Collection
Ceramic - Artwork - Ceramics, Ana-Gama Wood Fired Iron Stoneware Pot with Natural Flyash Glazing by Les Clough, c1982
Les CLOUGH Les Clough was a Diploma Student at the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education from 1979 to 1982. This work is part of the Jan Feder Memorial Ceramics Collection. It was presented to the collection by Les Clough. Jan Feder was an alumna of the Gippsland Campus who studied ceramics on the campus. She passed away in the mid 1980s. Her student peers raised funds to buy ceramic works in her memory. They bought works from visiting lecturers who became leading ceramic artists around the world, as well as from many of the staff who taught there.les clough, ceramics, artwork, artist, jan feder memorial ceramics collection, alumni, seaweed -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plant specimen - Book of Botanical Speciman's, Marine Algae Chlorospermeae by Charles Morrison, 1850-1854
Although there is no documentary evidence this volume of specimens could be associated with William Henry Harvey. Harvey travelled extensively and was thought to have carried 'travelling sets' of algae. (see 'Harvey's Travelling Sets of Algae in the TCD Herbarium' by J. Parnell) According to http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/ResBot/flor/Bot_Goat/53_Algae.htm: 'Many of Prof. Harvey's specimens of the Chlorospermeae, of Green Algae, "were personally collected by myself [ie Harvey] in 1850, when travelling in America" ...'Deep purple velvet covered book of pressed Marine Algae Chlorospermeae (green algae) specimens. The specimens appear to be Irish in origin. Author Charles Morrison.date, location and botanical name included on each. These include: Morehead Mrs Griffith 1852 Moville 1853 Portrush Octr 1853 Moville June 1850 Dunoon June 1853 Green Castle Augt 1852 Port a'dorus N of Ireland 1854 Stokes Bay, Lough Sivilly July 1853 Buncrana Octr 1853 Londonderry 1852 Arran Dr Landsborough Oct 1853botany, marine algae chlorospermeae, seaweed, william henry harvey, wh harvey, harvey, dr landsborough, londonderry, charles morrison -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, Hooded Plovers on the beach, c2015
killarney beach, killarney, beach, coast, ocean, hooded plovers, birds, seascape, seaweed -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Film - Video (Digital), Geoff Paine, Skipper Cottage: Stories of the Nillumbik Shire with Geoff Paine, June 2020
One of a series of videos "Stories from the Nillumbik Shire with Geoff Paine" A brief overview of the Skipper Cottage or Whitecloud and the Bootmakers cottage (mid 1850s) with Sue Thomas, partner of Adam Skipper who have lived there for about 40 years. Includes a view inside the Bootmaker's cottage. Discusses the flood plain and how the house was moved to its present site on high ground due to flooding. The high ground came about due to dumping of rubble from the quarry where the school car park is which was used to source stone to build the schoolhouse across the road. It was moved on horse and wagon approximately 200 metres. The cottage was previously a Cobb and Co stopping station for mail. When Montsalvat was being built in the 1940s, Lena Skipper who was originally from Sydney invested her money into buying Whitecloud rather than putting money into Montsalvat like many others. Upon her death, Matcham Skipper inherited the house. Seaweed was used as insulation in the ceiling and after Matcham owned it a spark from the fireplace set the seaweed on fire and gutted the front of the house which is now all one big room. Also illustrates some of the changes to the house over the years and its construction. The Elm forest has grown naturally from suckers spread from one tree.MP4 Digital file 00:05:50; 674MBvideo recording, bootmakers cottage, lena skipper, lena thomas, matcham skipper, school residence, skipper house, whitecloud cottage -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Document, Map: Lady Bay 1853, 1853
This is one of the earliest surveys and maps of Warrnambool harbor, Lady Bay. Being done in 1853, it shows the depths of the bay area marked in fathoms, currents and directions and areas of rocks around mouth of the Merri and the Western side of the bay as well as a large sand spit to the middle right of the beach region.. It also marks the large areas of seaweed and fuci in the outer bay area. It has the area of Pertobe Lagoon marked and shows the early tracks to the town. The engraving work was done by Tulloch and Brown, with Tulloch being one of the earliest engravers and lithographers in the state of Victoria. He arrived in Melbourne in 1849 and set up business with James Davie Brown in 1853 with Brown being a map engraver. They were awarded bronze and silver medals for their work at the Victorian Industrial Exhibition. He also worked in the vignettes on the Proeschel Map of Victoria.This map is of high historical and comparitive significance as it shows the Lady Bay area prior to the changes that have occurred in the last 160 years with the building of the breakwater. The issue regarding access to Lady Bay remains a current one. The engraver D Tulloch engraved some of the earliest scenes of the goldfields in Ballarat and as such has left a record of a very early and important era in Australian history. Rectangular cream paper with black text. Map area is outlined by fine black lined border. Key in top right hand corner and scale at bottom middle of map.Map is labelled Town of Warrnambool printed at top of map. Small logo at top right corner which has “Hydrographic Department” in circle around an anchor. Lady Bay Warrnambool Surveyed by John Barrow assistant surveyor Engraved by Tulloch & Brown in bottom right corner. Melbourne engraved by order of the legislative Council of Victoria in middle bottom.map, warrnambool, town of warrnambool map 1853, tulloch & brown map 1853, lady bay warrnambool,, warrnambool harbour, warrnambool breakwater, warrnambool beach -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph Album, Kodak, Phillip Island Cemetery, c 1990
The Album was compiled by Nancy McHaffie late 1990's, with the assistance of Edith Jeffery's, with her book "Garden of Memories" and extensive knowledge of Phillip Island. The Cemetery lies back from the road and is surrounded by Manna Gums, rare Peppermint Gums, Blackwoods and other native trees. In all 25 acres of land were set aside as Crown Land in the land settlement of 1868. There are 6.2 acres of wetlands near the cemetery entrance.466-44: Captain Johan Jansson. Capatain Jansson was born in 1862 and came to Australia on the ship "Nosstaljee" in 1886. In 1887 he came to the Island and started work with Captain Lock. He bought land at Rhyll in 1891 and built a house two years later, now known as Jansson's Cottage. Johan married Evelyn Power.. a daughter of Captain Powell. He purchased the ketch "Swan" and later :Stephen" in 1914. They took chicory, seaweed, hay and other farm produce to Melbourne, returning with general cargo. Captain Jansson died in 1928 aged 66 years. 466-45: Evelyn Jansson. Evelyn was the daughter of Captain Powell. She married Johan Jansson on her 18th birthday. She died 1971 aged 95 years. Their daughter Mavis is buried with Evelyn - died 1971 aged 72 years.phillip island cemetery, johan jansson, evelyn jansson, mavis jansson, nancy mchaffie, edith jeffery -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Work on paper - Letter, Henry Watts, Letter written 1859
Henry Watts (1828_1889) Died at Melbourne, 16th December, 1889. He was a good microscopist. His botanical studies were chiefly devoted to algae, both fresh-water and marine, and while living for many years at Warrnambool he was a contributor of algae to Harvey, who figured Wrangelia wattsii, Harv., and Crouania wattsii, Harv., in his “Phycologia Australica " He was the author of "On the Fresh-water Algae of Victoria " (Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., 1861-4, 67) ; .also a paper "On Fossil Polyzoa" (ib.. 82); "A Trip to Mt. Macedon in Search of Fresh-water Algae" (Wing's S. S. Record, iii., 252); "On a Species of fresh-water Algae from Victoria" (Vict. Nat., i., 21); "Some Recent Additions to our Knowledge of Microscopic Natural History" (ib., iii., I33) (includes lists of fresh-water algae and Desmidieae ), First librarian (1881-2), also a vice-president of the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria. He is further commemorated by Acacia wattsiana. F. v. M. www.anbg.gov.au/biography/watts-henry.html . Henry Watts worked as a bootmaker in Timor and Liebig streets Warrnambool in the 1860’s but it was as an amateur scientist that Watts gained public notice.For an exhibiton in Melbourne in 1861 Henry Watts prepared a collection of over 100 different species of seaweed from the Warrnambool district. It is recorded in the Examiner in 1863 that he had been elected as an honorary member of the Bristol Microscopical Society of England He was a member of the Warrnambool Horticultural society and in 1865 he opted to become a flower distiller.At the 1866 MelbourneExhibition, Henry Watts exhibited 44 bottles of his perfumes. He had a keen interest in microscopes and microscopic organisms.He spent many hours combing the caves and examining the guano of local bats. This letter is written to Professor Quekett advising him that he has sent a collection of packets of samples of diatomaceae asking him to examine and name the same.. Professor Quekett was a famous microscopist of the Victorian era with the Quekett microscopist club one of the oldest in the world dedicated to the use of the microscope and its discoveries. Henry Watts was one of Warrnambool’s first botanists and marine scientists. He also established a flower distilling and perfume manufacturing business in Warrnambool. In 1861 he sent a collection of over 100 species of seaweed to the Melbourne Exhibition.Framed, handwritten letter, ink on blue paper. Transcript of letter is typed black on white paper. Five small numbered pieces of paper containing specimens of diatomaceae collected from marine and fresh water areas around Warrnambool.Names Henry Watts, Professor Quekett. Handwritten along the bottom of the frame, “The above was bought at a London Auction for $12-10-00 by Miss Eddey a Melbourne Book shop Proprietress and recently presented to the W.F.N. Club.: warrnambool, henry watts, watts henry, botanist,microscope, microscopic, quekett, john thomas quekett -
Ballarat and District Irish Association
Image, Life in Ireland - A Farmer's Cabin, c1864
The tenant lived at the mercy of the resident landlord. Home was a one-roomed house, a chimney of wicker work plastered over with mud or just a hole in the roof. The walls might consist of mud too, or sods of grass. Any windows, were rarely glazed and would be open to the elements all year round. The Pig, if any, was kept in the house, the most valuable possession. Sold for cash at local market. The main items in the house were a potato pot and water bucket. As well as mother, father and children, there could well be grandparents all living in the same cramped conditions. The family would sleep on rushes or straw lain on the floor. Most tenants were tenants 'at will ', which meant they could be evicted at the 'will' of the landlord. Some had a lease for the life of the father and the eldest son, and this meant they were relatively safe from eviction as long as they could pay their rent. There was a tradition of passing on a portion of your land from father to each of the sons, who would build a small dwelling, and in turn pass a portion onto their own sons. This cycle of subdivision meant that many families were surviving on a tiny plot of land from which to derive a crop of potatoes for the year. Women worked hard in this environment, rearing children, cooking, cleaning, tending to any animals such a pigs or chicken and when needed, helping in the potato field. Life was dictated by the annual rent due to the landlord. Other typical expenses could be the Hearth Tax (actually charged by the number of fire places in a house) Turf, Hay (for any farm animals) and tithes. A tax known as the tithes were calculated at one tenth the value of everything saleable. Tithes were a bitter issue. They were for the support of the Church of Ireland, Protestant Bishops and Ministers, and a cess tax for the construction and maintenance of Protestant Church buildings. The problem being that the vast majority of those paying the Tax were Catholic and paying to support something that was contrary to their beliefs. Potatoes were the staple diet from September through to the end of Spring of the following year. But the summer months were months of hunger and hardship as they waited for the following harvest to come in Autumn. During these months people had to resort to eating anything they could find; turnips, cabbage, even wild grass, nettles, wild berries and dandelions. Those who lived close to the sea would collect seaweed and use it spread on their land as a form of manure. The dependency of so much of the population on the Potato as their sole source of food was to prove disastrous during the Famine years. [http://www.youririshroots.com/irishhistory/tenant.php, accessed 14 December 2013]A woman spins wools, while another cards fleece in preparation for spinning. I man smokes a pipe by an open fireplace, while a cow takes shelter in the cabin for warmth. ballarat irish, cabin, spinning, wool, cow