Printed map with coloured shading by F. W Niven Lydiard Street, Ballaratmap, mining districts, lintons claim, lintons diggings, f w niven, nivens steam lithographic machine, f.w. niven

This machine was the first double action (suction and pulsator) milking machine. This method is still in use today. Invented by Alexander Gillies,of Terang. The LKG milking machine is of State significance because it represents a high degree of technical achievement. It demonstrates the innovation developed by a Western District farmer, Alexander Gillies, that enabled dairy farms throughout Victoria to move successfully from hand milking to machine milking, thus contributing to the mechanisation of one of Victoria's major rural industries. Source: Cheese World Museum Significance Assessment, Lesley Alves, December 2009Cone shaped metal pail with a carry handle attached near the top and a tipping handle near the base. Removable top has pulsator mechanism which sealed the pail. Brass cover plateBrass cover plate inscribed Trade Mark LKG. Metal disc inscribed K136.dairy industry, machinery, milking machines, alexander gillies, terang

Two B/W photographs Samuel Salter and men working on steam engine & Threshing machine. Showing wooden wheel that replaced original wheel. Letter attached to back of photograph from Malcolm Bailey dated April 1996 with description.

This little steam boiler has been beautifully built. It could have been used to drive an engine in a small workshop, a boat or launch, or even farming equipment. It is an example of the steam technology and mechanisation of the 19th century. William Cook introduced steam heating in England in the 18th century. Steam combined with pressure was used for powering transport, such as steam engines for trains, and manufacturing, such as steam engines driving manufacturing machines. Steam boilers are still used today as an energy-efficient means of power.This steam boiler would have been suitable to drive a small engine, possibly that of a small boat. Coal was added to the firebox for fuel to heat water in the boiler. It is an example of the power used to drive machinery and equipment in the mid-to-late 19th century. Steam boilers like this one have played a part in the evolution of steam power. Steam engine boiler; vertical cylindrical coal-fired boiler with a black firebox at its base and a dome top. The cylinder's sides and top have brass fittings, inlet and outlet taps. A round opening near the base is covered by an adjustable metal plate that controls the boiler's temperature. The front door of the firebox has two hinges at the base and when the side clips are opened. A shiny brass collar tops the tall chimney. Oak wood planks around the sides of the boiler, and held in place by brass bands with nut and screw fixtures. The boiler stands on a metal and wood frame with a looped handle at the back. An inscription has been noted. Circa 1880. "1948 D/430" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, steam engine, steam boiler, coal fired boiler, vertical boiler, boat boiler, power source, steam driven, engine boiler, steam machine, firebox, steam engine boiler

This woodworking lathe, connected to both a pulley and a flywheel, demonstrates its historical operation with a steam engine. Such a configuration reflects manufacturing practices from the late 1800s and early 1900s, when steam power was the predominant source for driving workshop and factory machinery. Large machine shops often utilised a single power source, distributing power via roof-mounted belts and pulleys to operate several machines simultaneously. Over time, petrol-driven motors were introduced, and eventually, electricity became the standard power source. Conversion kits were made available in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to adapt older lathes to these newer, cleaner fuels. Manufacturer's History: W.F. & J. Barnes was a renowned maker of hand- and foot-powered treadle woodworking and metalworking machinery, established in 1869. The partnership between William F. Barnes and John Barnes was formalised in 1872, and the firm was incorporated in 1884. Their machines were used for both ‘farm’ applications and professional engineering. By 1881, the company began producing electrically powered machinery. By 1937, W.F. & J. Barnes expanded into manufacturing machinery for automotive assembly. The business closed in 1983, and in 1998, LeBlond Ltd. of Ohio acquired the firm. The lathe was donated by Briggs Marine, Melbourne: In Flagstaff Hill’s formative years, 1972-1975, Briggs Marine, Melbourne (Briggs Brass Foundry), donated equipment and objects used or made at their premises. The foundry was established in 1912 by Herbert Harrison Briggs. In 1965, the firm was owned by partners Cyril Briggs and Frank Lee: Cyril died in 1967, and Frank died in 1971, so the foundry was then run by his son and daughter-in-law, Les and Eva Lee. Briggs Marine’s Warrnambool Branch closed in 1972 after the death of Frank Lee in 1971. Flagstaff Hill’s founding director, John Lindsay, recalled that Briggs Marine’s family members gave personal assistance in setting up the displays in the original village shops, particularly the ‘Brass Foundry’ building, around the time the Maritime Museum opened in 1975. Briggs Marine still exists today, but the Briggs family is no longer involved. This early 1900s lathe marks a significant stage in the evolution of machinery, positioned between the era of hand-operated machines and the advent of electrically powered equipment. Its presence exemplifies the progression of industrial technology and craftsmanship during this period. The lathe is particularly notable for its association with the Briggs Brass Foundry. The foundry was known for developing a specialised brass alloy composed of non-ferrous metals, a formulation that resulted in durable products built to withstand the demanding conditions of marine environments. This focus on resilience and longevity made Briggs Brass Foundry’s goods highly sought after within the maritime sector. Briggs Maine, a long-established business, utilised the foundry’s capabilities to create cast goods tailored to the needs of the marine industry. The facility was equipped to deliver both custom-designed and mass-produced items, ensuring versatility in meeting various requirements. Many of Briggs Foundry’s products found their place on sailing and steam vessels throughout Victoria’s coastline, including in the port town of Warrnambool, where there was once a brancy of Briggs Marine. In addition to general marine fittings, Briggs Marine earned recognition for its expertise in bell-founding. The foundry’s reputation is closely linked to the restoration of the Schomberg Bell at Flagstaff Hill, a small but historically significant bell from a luxury migrant vessel dating back to the mid-19th century. The successful restoration of the Schomberg Bell demonstrates Briggs Brass Foundry’s commitment to preserving craftsmanship and maritime heritage.The lathe is a green, bench-type, steam-powered woodworking machine. Its bench is supported by decorative posts at each end, with each post dividing into arched legs. The lathe is mechanically connected to both a pulley and a flywheel, designed to be operated in conjunction with a steam engine. Included with the lathe is a range of accessories. Across the front of the machine, an inscription is cast, and a stamped, metal lathe pulley guide is attached to the drive mechanism. The lathe was manufactured by W. F. and J. Barnes, Rockford, Illinois, USA, during the 1900s.“W F and J Barnes, Rockford, USA” "1820" "1887"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, lathe, steam-operated lathe, steam-operated pulley, steam power, steam engine, machine, steam operated machine, metal work, foundry work, metal working trade, tool, pulley driven, metalworking, woodworking, barnes lathe, briggs marine, belt driven, wordworking lathe, free standing lathe, bench lathe, steam powered, vintage lathe, woodturning lathe, w. f. and j. barnes, illanois, early 20th century, briggs, briggs brass foundry, briggs marine foundry, briggs marine products, herbert harrison briggs, george edward briggs, cyril falkiner mckinnon briggs, collingwood, moorabbin, frank lee, les lee, eva lee, briggs marine warrnambool, non-ferrous founders, bell specialists, ship bell specialists, sand cast, marine equipment, marine fittings, foundry, brass foundry, founders

Of historical significance depicting farming practices. Good enlargementagricultural practice., traction engine working., canvas belt drive., men stacking straw after threshing.

A steam boiler like this late 18th century boiler, is often called a colonial boiler. Steam boilers were used in factories throughout Australia, mounted over similar designs of brick furnaces. This heat from the fire travels through the tubes in this fire tube boiler and the water heats as it circulates around them. Another kind of boiler is a water tube boiler, in which the water is inside the tubes and the heat of the combustion surrounds the tubes. The boiler in our collection burned wood as fuel but others of this design could also burn coal, coke, gas and liquid fuels. The boiler was made by T & F Johnson, boilermakers. In 1922 their factory was located at Coventry Street, South Melbourne. They were still advertising their 'Colonial, multi, vertical boilers, all sizes' at the same address in 1934. The connected pressure gauge, made in London by Dewrance, measures 0 to 400 pounds per square inch. John Dewrance is renowned as a pioneer of the steam locomotive in the early 19th century. He founded John Dewrance & Co. in South London in 1844. His son Sir John Dewrance took over in 1879. In 1939 the company became a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox, and was eventually owned by Emerson. How the boiler works: - A boiler is about two-thirds filled with water and heat is applied, in this case in the form of burning wood. The heat is transferred through the metal of the boiler to the water. When the water boils the steam rises to the top, and as it escapes from the boiler the steam pressure builds up in the steam space to later be released to do work; drive machinery such as ship and train engines, turbines, presses, wheels, and driving belts to operate looms and saws. The heat associated with the boiler can be used for preserving food, sterilising, factory manufacturing processes, and steaming wood for shipbuilding. Every boiler has several components fitted for safe operation: - - Safety valves - Gauge glass - Pressure gauge - Main steam stop valve - Water check valve - Blowdown valve - Manhole doorThe boiler is a significant item that gives us a snapshot of early Melbourne's industrial history. It is an example of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution where steam-driven machinery and motors could perform tasks more efficiently than manual labour. The makers were one of many boilermaker businesses in Melbourne during the early late-19th andearly 20th centuries. The maritime trade and skills of boilermaking are still learned and applied today. The Dewrance steam pressure gauge connected to the boiler was made by the London firms foundered by John Dewrance. He was renowned for developing the steam locomotive in the early 19th century.Boiler; a horizontal cylindrical underfired steam boiler. It is a multi-tubular design and is timber plank-clad, with brass fittings and pressure gauges. The boiler has an iron door at one end with a metal chimney above it. It is installed over a brick-enclosed solid fuel furnace. Two large, wood-mounted pressure gauges are connected to the boiler and have inscriptions. An inscription is on a red, cast iron plaque above the boiler door. The boiler's maker is T & F Johnson, South Melbourne. One of the pressure gauges was made by Dewrance, London..Maker's plate: "T & F JOHNSON / BOILERMAKERS / SOUTH MELBOURNE" Pressure gauge: "POUNDS PRESSURE / PER [square] INCH / DEWRANCE LONDON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, multi tube boiler, steam boiler, steam technology, underfired boiler, horizontal boiler, timber clad boiler, steam power, industrialisation, boilermakers, south melbourne, dewrance, john dewrance, pressure gauge, dewrance pressure gauge, t & f johnson, london, steam engine, steam locomotive, pounds per square inch, 19th century, steam machine, johnson tyne foundry, colonial boiler, fire tube boiler

It's assumed that this journal was read at the Ballarat School of MinesA small illustrated journal with advertisements and pictures. pages 328-356 (and 26 pages of illustrated advertisements). Illustrations include machinery, corn crushers, condensers, chlorination plants. stea, hammers, steam engines, steam pumps, lamps, saw bench, leather belting, casks, barrels, machinery, boiler, cohran and co, birkenhead, stern, cowles syndicate company, electric smelting works, aluminium manufacturing, w t glover and co, rope machine, steam travelling crane, webster wood fibre machine, automatic govenor expansion gear, international exhibition edinburgh, beacon light, air propeller, well boring tools and pumps, cochran and co.'s launch, tug and boat building yard, s.s. jeanette, cochran boiler, cochran and co's boiler shop, stern wheel steamer, s.s. esperanca, cowles syndicate co, milton, w.t. glover & co.'s patent compound rope making machine, bendh drilling machine, steam launch, bicycle, well-boring tools

This book of Illustrated Directions was produced for use with the Davis New High Arm Vertical Feed (VF) Sewing Machine. The first model of the High Arm was produced in 1881, and the ‘New’ model, Model 2 VF, was introduced from 1883 and continued at least until 1885, when the Model 3 VF was manufactured. Job Davis, an inventor, showed his Davis Sewing Machine to two brothers in Watertown. The brothers, John and Joseph Shaldon, who founded the Davis Sewing Machine Company in February 1868 in Watertown, New York. The firm moved to Ohio in the 1890. Its early sewing machines were known as the Vertical Feed machines. These machines differed from others, in that there were two presser feet that moved and held the cloth as the needle went in and out of it. This type of action was also called ‘walking foot’ by makers of similar machines. Other machines used a feed dog below the machine’s bed to move the fabric. The Davis Company was awarded a Patents for its improvement to sewing machines. London offices were set up at 54, Queen Victoria Street, London in 1982. It was known as the Vertical Feed Sewing Machine Company. An article published in March 1885 states that the London Manager of the Vertical Feed Sewing Machine Company has 300,000 machines world-wide, including 4,000 in England alone. It claimed that the Auxiliary Forces Uniform and Equipment Company in Limerick, Ireland, was running its machines with steam power and could produce first-class work at the rate of 1,500 stitches per minute. The hand stitched binding of the manual is an example of early book binding processes. The is significant for its relationship to the Davis New High Arm Vertical Feed sewing machine, which was invented in 1866 and became popular in the domestic market. It was also used in industrial conditions as a labour-saving machine, one of the many machines that were part of the Industrial Revolution when steam power replaced manual power in many factories. Paper book with stitched binding. Printed text and illustrations contained within the 42-page booklet. The manual includes drawn diagrams and instructions for use of the Davis New High Arm Vertical Feed Sewing Machine, a foot treadle machine made in the 1880s. Front cover: "ILLUSTRATED DIRECTIIONS for the NEW HIGH ARM DAVIS Vertical Feed Sewing Machine and its Accessories and Attachments"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, sewing machine manual, davis sewing machine, new high arm sewing machine, model 2 vf, vertical feed, sewing machine instructions, sewing machine directions, job davis, john sheldon, joseph sheldon, high arm sewing machine, watertown, new york, vertical feed sewing machine company, treadle, steam sewing machine, auxiliary forces uniform and equipment company, limerick, ireland

Object steam driven machine attached to base by 4 bolts. 640mmH x 430mmWflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Black and white photograph. Machnine large building. Continuous cloth at left hand side. Steam above machine. On back: BR corner and front TL corner 'MP 367'. On back: 'Hanro'. Previous Acc. No. 'MP369'.topic, objects, machine

Stawell Alluvial Mining Scene. The Homeward Bound Mine Company puddling machine c1898Four well dressed men and women standing in front of a steam driven puddling machine. Two horses and carts are in front of the puddler and three men standing on the machineEarly Mining Scene Stawell. Mine Believed to be "The Homeward Bound'stawell

Ruston & Hornsby, later known as Ruston, was an industrial equipment manufacturer in Lincoln, England, the company's history going back to 1840. The company is best known as a manufacturer of narrow and standard gauge diesel locomotives and steam shovels. This machine is probably a drag line excavator.This photograph records early an early type of excavator used to construct drainage channels in rural Victoria.A black / white photograph / postcard of a man digging in a very large trench, probably a drainage channel, with an earth mover in the background. The machine has the name "RUSTON" on it.drainage-channel earth-moving-machinery

7082a: - Induction fan discharge from the Stawell Gold MIne, this gunck would include the diesel fumes of trucks and mining machines. The steam Plume drifts over the nearby trees blackening and killing the. It also drifts over the reservior adding a touch of spice to the town's drinking water. site closed in 2001. Another fan is located near to Darlington Lane and McLennan Street.2 Photographs: 7082:Showing workmen drilling a shaft with a car in the background 7082a: Showing Steam? coming from the shaft.On Reverse: 7082 Mick Walsh 52 Patrick Street Phone 053 ******mining

A traditional term in the British Navy meaning to serve out an additional tot of grog to a ship's crew. The main brace itself was a purchase attached to the main lower yard of a square-rigged ship to brace the yard round to the wind. However, it probably has little to do with the saying beyond the fact that hauling on the main brace called for a maximum effort by the crew. In the days of sail the main brace was spliced (in terms of drink) in very bad weather or after a period of severe exertion by the crew, more as a pick-me-up than for any other purpose. But with the introduction of steam propulsion, with machines to take most of the harder labour out of seagoing, the main brace was spliced only on occasions of celebration or, occasionally, after battle. Now that rum is no longer issued aboard ship, splicing the main brace is a thing of the past.A small tap used to empty contents from a barrel containing rum or whisky aboard ships.Brass spigot or tap used for inserting into a barrel containing liquid such as rum, whisky or vinegar etctap, spigot, barrel, alcohol, liquid storage

Burnt Gully - possibly near Woodvale. a. Black and white photo: men standing behind, alongside bagged grain. Steam farm engine on RH side. Written on rear of photo: threshing team at lunch engine Ruston Procter steam. 8 horse power, single cylinder, working pressure 75 lbs per square inch. 80 revs per minte. Fly wheel 6 feet in diameter. b. Pilcher's thresher on Robert Riley's farm, Burnt Gully. Bullock drivers Bill Pilcher, Paddy Mulcair. Bullock drawn threshing machine, large group of men standing alongside and to rear of machine. Two men standing on top of thresher. Steam traction engine on far left of photo. c. Pioneer log cabin Burnt Gully, the home of the Grafton family, demolished about 1930. Hut of slab construction, with corruated iron roof over timber slats. Chimney of logs and slabs topped with bricks on LH side of house. Steam farm machine in background on LH side.unknownagriculture, farm, grafton familyh, robert riley, bill pilcher, paddy mulcair, burnt gully.

This photograph depicts a sawmill in Emerald operated by the Legg family - most likely by James Henry Legg (1860-1940) and his son Percy (1893-1968), who operated the mill business. They established 'spot mills' - smaller or temporary mills establish on the location of timber harvesting - around the local area, including at least this one and one in Macclesfield - though it is possible the caption is wrong and this IS the mill in Macclesfield. There are at least two other copies of this photograph in our collection.This image depicts a notable local business from the early 20th century, owned by a significant local family.This item is a modern printed copy of a black and white photograph. It depicts an open-walled wooden structure, with a closed roof held up by posts. Behind the main structure is a smaller structure covering a machine with steam flowing out of its chimney - a mechanical component of the mill, making the work of processing timber easier. To the left of the image, several unprocessed logs sit on the ground, while to the right is a pile of processed, cut, timber. Several workers - may five - are in frame, all standing near or under the wooden structure. In the background, dense trees rise above the structure, rising high enough to leave the frame. The reverse of the photograph reveals logos for a modern photograph paper brand and a handwritten accession number, but no other annotation.Obverse, Caption: "Legg's Sawmill Emerald"forestry, industry, emerald, macclesfield, legg family, james legg, percy legg

In the high tech, fast paced society that we live in, it’s easy to take some things for granted. Case in point: the wood cutting board on which you’ll probably be preparing the evening’s dinner. Have you ever taken the time to think about the history of the cutting board? Where did it come from, and what did ancient civilizations use to cut their meats, fruits and vegetables? Wood throughout the ages Since the dawn of time, wood has been one of the most available materials used by mankind to build tools and lodgings, so it’s not really surprising to know that wood has been used in the preparation of food since the prehistoric ages. Of course, back then, cavemen probably used an unpolished slab of tree trunk to cut the kill of the day on and they probably didn’t think twice about saving it once the meal was over. Chances are they probably threw it in the fire with the rest of the wood needed to kindle it. Advances in technology Throughout the centuries, mankind evolved and started creating machines from steam, electricity and metal. When the circular saw was invented, nicer, cleaner slabs of wood were cut and used as cutting boards. Since soft wood was the most available type of wood at the time, it was the material of choice for to be used for cutting boards. Boards were made smaller since the slab of wood could now be cut to any desired size. Since they were made smaller, they were also used to eat off of and some people referred to them as trenchers. Trenchers were originally pieces of stale hard bread that were used as substitute plates. Wood trenchers quickly became the replacements of the eatable dinnerware. The butcher block: the cutting board’s larger cousin In the industrial ages, many industries rapidly developed, and the butchery industry followed this trend as well. Before the invention of the cutting board, butchers used tree rounds to carve their meat on. The rounds were often too soft and they rapidly became unsanitary. Hard maple wood butcher blocks were the preferred choice of the industry. They were made to be extremely thick and durable, so durable in fact, that a butcher could use the same block for almost his entire career. Cutting boards around the world As cutting boards began to be more and more used in kitchens around North America, the rest of the world crafted such boards from different materials. The East used thick bamboo as their material of choice. Despite its frail appearance, bamboo is quite strong and made durable cutting boards and butcher blocks. Europe used maple in the crafting of their cutting boards while Persia used flat pieces of polished wood in their kitchens. The world then saw cutting boards that were being made from other materials like plastic and they came in all shapes and sizes, but they always served the same purpose, to provide a household with a safe, clean surface on which to prepare meals for their friends and family members. https://www.woodcuttingboards.com/news/quick-history-of-the-cutting-board-47.aspxThe use of the wooden chopping board over time. Wooden Rectangular Bread board . Worn (concave in centre). Raw wood.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, chopping board, cooking

In the high tech, fast paced society that we live in, it’s easy to take some things for granted. Case in point: the wood cutting board on which you’ll probably be preparing the evening’s dinner. Have you ever taken the time to think about the history of the cutting board? Where did it come from, and what did ancient civilizations use to cut their meats, fruits and vegetables? Wood throughout the ages Since the dawn of time, wood has been one of the most available materials used by mankind to build tools and lodgings, so it’s not really surprising to know that wood has been used in the preparation of food since the prehistoric ages. Of course, back then, cavemen probably used an unpolished slab of tree trunk to cut the kill of the day on and they probably didn’t think twice about saving it once the meal was over. Chances are they probably threw it in the fire with the rest of the wood needed to kindle it. Advances in technology Throughout the centuries, mankind evolved and started creating machines from steam, electricity and metal. When the circular saw was invented, nicer, cleaner slabs of wood were cut and used as cutting boards. Since soft wood was the most available type of wood at the time, it was the material of choice for to be used for cutting boards. Boards were made smaller since the slab of wood could now be cut to any desired size. Since they were made smaller, they were also used to eat off of and some people referred to them as trenchers. Trenchers were originally pieces of stale hard bread that were used as substitute plates. Wood trenchers quickly became the replacements of the eatable dinnerware. The butcher block: the cutting board’s larger cousin In the industrial ages, many industries rapidly developed, and the butchery industry followed this trend as well. Before the invention of the cutting board, butchers used tree rounds to carve their meat on. The rounds were often too soft and they rapidly became unsanitary. Hard maple wood butcher blocks were the preferred choice of the industry. They were made to be extremely thick and durable, so durable in fact, that a butcher could use the same block for almost his entire career. Cutting boards around the world As cutting boards began to be more and more used in kitchens around North America, the rest of the world crafted such boards from different materials. The East used thick bamboo as their material of choice. Despite its frail appearance, bamboo is quite strong and made durable cutting boards and butcher blocks. Europe used maple in the crafting of their cutting boards while Persia used flat pieces of polished wood in their kitchens. The world then saw cutting boards that were being made from other materials like plastic and they came in all shapes and sizes, but they always served the same purpose, to provide a household with a safe, clean surface on which to prepare meals for their friends and family members. https://www.woodcuttingboards.com/news/quick-history-of-the-cutting-board-47.aspxThe bread board is an example of kitchen equipment used during Victorian times and similar to those used today.Bread board. Wooden, octagonal, plain sanded light wood. Has decoration around edge and indented circular line to delineate round cutting board section.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, bread board, cutting board, pastry board, kitchen utensil, kitchen equipment, baking equipment, food preparation

In the high tech, fast paced society that we live in, it’s easy to take some things for granted. Case in point: the wood cutting board on which you’ll probably be preparing the evening’s dinner. Have you ever taken the time to think about the history of the cutting board? Where did it come from, and what did ancient civilizations use to cut their meats, fruits and vegetables? Wood throughout the ages Since the dawn of time, wood has been one of the most available materials used by mankind to build tools and lodgings, so it’s not really surprising to know that wood has been used in the preparation of food since the prehistoric ages. Of course, back then, cavemen probably used an unpolished slab of tree trunk to cut the kill of the day on and they probably didn’t think twice about saving it once the meal was over. Chances are they probably threw it in the fire with the rest of the wood needed to kindle it. Advances in technology Throughout the centuries, mankind evolved and started creating machines from steam, electricity and metal. When the circular saw was invented, nicer, cleaner slabs of wood were cut and used as cutting boards. Since soft wood was the most available type of wood at the time, it was the material of choice for to be used for cutting boards. Boards were made smaller since the slab of wood could now be cut to any desired size. Since they were made smaller, they were also used to eat off of and some people referred to them as trenchers. Trenchers were originally pieces of stale hard bread that were used as substitute plates. Wood trenchers quickly became the replacements of the eatable dinnerware. The butcher block: the cutting board’s larger cousin In the industrial ages, many industries rapidly developed, and the butchery industry followed this trend as well. Before the invention of the cutting board, butchers used tree rounds to carve their meat on. The rounds were often too soft and they rapidly became unsanitary. Hard maple wood butcher blocks were the preferred choice of the industry. They were made to be extremely thick and durable, so durable in fact, that a butcher could use the same block for almost his entire career. Cutting boards around the world As cutting boards began to be more and more used in kitchens around North America, the rest of the world crafted such boards from different materials. The East used thick bamboo as their material of choice. Despite its frail appearance, bamboo is quite strong and made durable cutting boards and butcher blocks. Europe used maple in the crafting of their cutting boards while Persia used flat pieces of polished wood in their kitchens. The world then saw cutting boards that were being made from other materials like plastic and they came in all shapes and sizes, but they always served the same purpose, to provide a household with a safe, clean surface on which to prepare meals for their friends and family members. https://www.woodcuttingboards.com/news/quick-history-of-the-cutting-board-47.aspxThe bread board is an example of kitchen equipment used during Victorian times and similar to those used today.Bread board wooden round with carved inner circle and carving an outer rim in old English lettering "Bread"None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, chopping board, cooking, kitchen equipment

Thomas Broadbent $ sons Ltd was established in 1864 in Huddersfield England. They are an engineering firm , specialists in heavy duty engineering products. By 1893 Broadbent had progressed to steam powered engines for the textile industry. Some of these machines operated for upwards of 50 years Today Broadbent is a leading world designer in the manufacture and maintenance of advanced centrifuges. This document is a manual for a suspended direct steam driven hydro extractor. It shows the various parts , maintenance instructions and erection and working instructions. While it is stamped as Albion Woollen mills which were situated at Geelong, it is likely to have connections to the Warrnambool Woollen Mills.This document is a good example of machinery manual. It is possibly linked to the Warrnambool Woollen Mill. The fact that the company which manufactured these items is still in existence today after 150 years is testament to the quality of the items produced.Cream coloured document with mainly black text with some red text for headings contained in the document. It is printed front and back and is folded in three sections.Stamp at top "Albion Woollen mills Pty Ltd" .4H x 4 in red pencil in top RHC. Printed on front page. Thomas Broadbent & Sons Ltd Central Iron Works Huddersfield. warrnambool, warrnambool woollen mill, broadbent direct steam driven hydo extractors,, broadbent centrifuge

"W.J. BERTUCH" for service details Refer Cat No. 1664.2.1. Shirt - Khaki colour cotton/polyester long sleeve with shoulder epaulettes and brown plastic buttons. Two front pockets with button down flaps. Gold colour metal badge "AUSTRALIA" - on right epaulette. Manufacturers white cotton fabric label inside back below collar and bottom of shirt. 2. Trousers - khaki colour wool/polyester fabric. Service dress style with fob pocket, two side pockets, one back pocket with concealed button down flap. Brown plastic buttons and metal fly zip. 3. Belt - light brown colour nylon webbing, service dress style with black colour metal slide buckle. Manufacturers information on labels in black ink print. 1. Top - "CLASS - 8405/ 66-017-2261/ REGIMENTAL NO./ NAME". Handwritten black ink pen "VS38". Bottom "MACHINE WASHABLE/ DO NOT BOIL/ DRIP DRY/ WARM IRON/ SALCO/ VICTORIA/ 1966. Handwritten black ink pen "VS38". 2. Rt side label 'REGIMENTAL NO./ NAME". Left side label "Dry Clean only/ Repress on original crease/ use damp cloth or medium/ TO HOT STEAM IRON/ Mending patch attached." Handwritten - black ink pen "VS38". 3. Black ink stamp - "CGCF D^D 1957? 0108/ 5499". uniform, army, service dress, wj bertuch

1. Shirt - Khaki, polyester/cotton fabric, long sleeves with button cuffs, shoulder epaulettes, two front pockets with button down flap, brown plastic buttons. Cotton manufacturers labels top back of shirt and bottom back of shirt, with black print information. 2. Trousers - Khaki, polyester/cotton fabric, fob pocket, two side pockets, on back pocket with button down flap, metal zipper fly, brown plastic buttons. Three cotton manufacturers labels inside back waistband and back pocket lining with black print information. Polyester lining waistband and pockets. 3. Necktie - khaki cotton knit fabric with unfinished ends. 4. Lanyard - gold cotton cord with knots.Cotton label information - black ink print. 1. Top back of shirt "CLASS - 8405/66 - 017-2261/REGIMENTAL NO./NAME". Bottom back of shirt 'MACHINE WASHABLE/DO NOT BOIL/ DRIP DRY/ WARM IRON/ SALIO/ VICTORIA, 1966^" 2. Back right inside waistband "REGIMENTAL NO./ NAME". Back left inside waistband "Dry clean only/ repress on original creases/ use damp cloth or medium/TO HOT STEAM IRON/ Mending patch attached". Label on back pocket lining. John Sackville - sons/ -Aust - Pty Ltd/ Victoria 1966/^ size 31 RB/ W.31" 1/L 30 1/2/ CLASS 8405/66-018-5518. uniform, army, polyesters

The photo depicts one shift of mine hands at Hanlon Consols Mine Rokewod in 1901. ist on the left is George Edgar Yung. George was born in Ararat the son of Yohann Godlip and Christina (b Weller)Yung. They lived at Happy Valley near Linton. and Piggoreet. Yohann was a miner and died in the All Nations Mine collapse at Derwnt Jack's in 1877. Interesting to note in the following information that the Hanlon Consol mamager, William Maughan was also the manager of the Try Again Mine in Piggoreet. He was also on the six man school committee of Piggoreet Common School No. 726. (Is this why George Yung ended up working in Rokewood because of a previous connection at Piggoreet? George married Clara Emma Smith from Happy Valley and worked in a mine at Allendale. They later moved to Yendon) About the Hanlon gold mining company near Rokewood. 1901 - Information Bendigo Prospecting Club, 21/08/2020. Information provided once again by Peter McCarthy. Christopher Hanlon had put down a line of bores south of the Rokewood main street, looking for a continuation of the Break O’Day lead which had been worked for two or three miles with highly payable results, though in a primitive manner. Ground was being paddocked 30 feet deep and made to pay. The bores suggested the sinking would be about 70 feet and a shaft site was selected at the back of Stanbrook’s Hotel. The Hanlon Gold Mining Company was formed in March 1895 and the shaft was bottomed at 68 feet, getting just over an ounce of gold from the shaft bottom. By January 1896, the poppet heads were up, and steam plant was nearly ready. The mine produced 846 oz by September, which was not as good as expected, but they installed a second puddling machine. The mine was profitable for the next three years, with periods of prospecting and the need to install steam pumps in 1897. A second shaft was sunk in 1899, which bottomed at 86 feet on good wash and was sunk on to 109 feet. 1743 oz of gold had been produced in six months to September 1899, but the No1 shaft was let on tribute as the No2 workings were opened and machinery installed the following year. The No1 shaft tributors broke even in 1900 and in 1901 the shaft was shut down, with the No1 shaft machinery sold late in 1902. By September 1901, the mine had produced gold worth £66,124 and the No2 shaft main drive was in 346 feet, with gold being found mainly in crevices in the hard floor. Mining continued, but once the No2 shaft workings met up with the old No1 shaft workings at the end of 1902 there was not much wash remaining. The mine was let on tribute in June 1903 and a drive was put in to test deeper ground. The company was wound up in February 1904 and the plant sold. From what they discovered, the manager concluded that the mine sat at the edge of an ancient coastline and the gold was in a beach deposit. The total gold production from the mine was worth £73,294. J Lee Archer JP, shareholder, was the manager of the Bank of Victoria in Ballarat. Born in Tasmania, he came to Victoria with his parents and first came to Ballarat in 1855 as a junior clerk with the bank. He died in 1902 aged 64. Alexander J. Peacock was a legal manager and a share broker. In 1897 Peacock, born in Creswick, had been elected as one of the Victorian delegates to the Constitutional Convention which wrote the Australian Constitution. He later became a politician, state treasurer and three times state premier of Victoria and was knighted KCGM. He died in 1933 aged 72. William Maughan, director, was an English miner who came to Victoria in the 1850s and became a mine manager, managing the Try Again at Piggoreet, Ryan’s Freehold and the Madam Berry, among others. He died in Williamstown in 1915 aged 85. Sepia photographRhs front of photo: R. Millist Phto & Lanternist Geelong Verso (upside down): ONE SHIFT OF MINE HANDS HANLON CONSOLS MINE ROKEWOOD 1901 Grandfather Yung 1st on left rokewood, hanlon consols mine, shift of mine workers 1901, gold mines, george edgar godlip yung, william maughan

Sepia photograph of workmen leaning against steam engine with horse and dray on left. Pushbikes in centre of photo. Two females in long dark frocks. Two boys and 2 dogs. Inscriptions: on front TR corner 'MP 218', red ballpoint pen '9'. On back - red ballpoint pen '9'. Circular rubber stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch', 'Threshing machine belonging to Mrs M Harris', handwritten in grey lead pencil. History of object: previous Acc. No. 'MP 218'.person, group, employees, see also 2000.536.01 harris family axedale

Sepia tone photograph of steam tractor driving thresher, (at Axedale??) Large haystacks at rear with workmen passing down stooks of hay (perhaps oats), passed through threshing machine into bags. Two men leaning on steam engine, push bike in centre front. Men standing around thresher. Horse with rider on far right. 'Mrs Harris owned this thresher which was later burnt and a court case followed over payment of insurance'. (Black lead pencil on reverse) Inscriptions: on front - TR corner 'MP 217'. 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. (circular rubber stamp), '8' on back and front TR corner (red ball point pen).person, group, employees, see also 2000.537.01 harris family axedale.

The building under the chimney housed the boiler which provided steam to heat the kilns which were located behind. The boiler had 2 fuel burners. One used sawdust, the other solid fuel, such as wood off-cuts. The chimney was the smoke outlet. Pipes brought sawdust waste from machining into the boiler room. Dust extractors on the roof are clearly visible from Sherbourne Road.The Briar Hill Timber and Trading Company was active during the 1930s - 1950s during the development of the local area with many houses being built by owner-builders who used the company for their needs. Group of 29 colour or black and white photographsbriar hill timber and trading company, briar hill timber, alison lendoudis, bob manuell, sherbourne road briar hill, squire family, purdys furniture briar hill

Opening in 1891 the Moonta School of Mines was intended for students who wanted to increase their knowledge of those arts and sciences which were especially important to miners and others similarly engaged. The School was situated close to the Moonta Mines, at that time the most important copper mines in Australia, and the smelters at Wallaroo. The the mines students were able to acquire practical knowledge of the work of a miner. The close by smelting works at Wallaroo were seen to be of great service to those wanting to become acquainted with chemistry and metallurgy. Subjects taught at the Moonta School of Mines included Chemistry, Metallurgy, Steam and the Steam Engine, Magnetism and Electricity, Mathematics, Machine Design, Mine Surveying and Leveling, Drawing, Plumbing and Sheet Metal Work. The Moonta School of Mines building in Ellen Street was formerly Baptist Church.Stone building used as the Moonta School of Mines. This image can be compared to a 1904 image at http://victoriancollections.net.au/items/519c24142162ef13f0648d42 moonta, school of mines, mining