Sad-irons or "solid" irons were made by blacksmiths and used to smooth out material by pressing the hot iron over it. A piece of sheet -iron was placed over the kitchen fire and the irons placed on it could be heated whilst remaining clean of ash.. The women used 2 irons - one heating while the other was used. Thick cloth or gloves protected their hands from the hot irons. The handle was removed from the cool iron and re- attached to remove the hot iron from the fire. The cool iron was replaced on the fire or stove to heat again. These irons were cleaned with steel wool to prevent them marking the material. If the iron was too hot the material would scorch. Most homes set aside one day for ironing and some large households had an ironing room with a special stove designed to heat irons. However, most women had to work with a heavy, hot iron close to the fireplace even in summer. Thomas Fletcher (1840-1903). By 1880s he had a gas appliance manufactory in Thynne Street, Warrington. By 1895 the company had become Fletcher Russell and Co Gas Engineers, his firm having merged with Alexander and William Russell of Pendleton Iron Works. Circa 1950, the firm merged into Radiation Ltd which was later acquired by 'TI New World'; 1902: Fletcher, Russell & Co. Ltd., Palatine Works, Warrington In 1880 gas -fuelled irons were connected by rubber tubing to the gas light-fittings of the house or to gas canisters. However , not many houses had access to a gas supply until much later and this iron was popular in 1920’sThese sad irons remind us of the difficult circumstances experienced in their daily routines by the pioneers and early settlers of Moorabbin Shire The family of Miss M Curtis were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire.A gas-fuelled flat iron, made in USA , It would have been attached to a gas hose fitting that was also used at night for light in the house. There is a small chimney to allow for air and to try to control the amount of heat in the iron. A 'shield' is under the leather covered handle to protect the user's hand from the heat, however it is made of copper metal - a heat conductor.FLETCHER RUSSELL CO. / LIM/ PATENT/ WARRINGTON on right side of handle 'Registered' on left side of handle ' Fletcher Russell Co L / Warrington, Manchester / & London.sad iron, kitchen equipment, fletcher russell co. ltd., england, warrington, manchester, pioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, sewing, craftwork, clothing, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, fireplaces, stoves, domestic gas supply, gas-light, gas cannisters

The house has been demolished but was associated with the Jacobs family. The Jacobs family lived in Surrey Hills from c 1895-1903 (ref: electoral rolls); by 1909 they were in Gippsland at Toora where Henry Atwood Jacobs was a storekeeper. They had returned to Surrey Hills by 1924 (ref: electoral roll) and were living at 22 Suffolk Road. Family details: Capt Jacobs was appointed to the Nunawading Roads Board in 1900; in 1902 he as a member of a deputation to the Minister of Public Works regarding municipal severance. He was in favour of Surrey Hills being a separate municipality. Amy (Amelia) Jacobs was the daughter of Capt Jacobs and his first wife, Eleanor Dobson Mills, who died shortly after the birth of her daughter. Winifred Atwood Jacobs was born c 1900; Mildred Adelaide Jacobs was born 1902, both at 'Spencycroft' in Canterbury Road, Surrey Hills. Winifred married Stephen Edwin Yarnold (1903-1978), a Presbyterian & Uniting Church minister, on 26 July 1946. He had a notable career in the ministry and has an ADB biography. Black and white photo of a Victorian style home with a slate roof, 2 chimneys and a veranda across 3/4 of the front. Construction is possibly block-fronted timber or bluestone and render; not brick. The house sits behind a picket fence with a lattice screen to one side. There are mature trees, possibly eucalypts in the background.warrington, house names, fences, surrey hills, architectural features, victorian style, vegetation, verandas, capt henry atwood jacobs, mrs amy lilian jacobs, miss amy lillian scales, miss amelia allan jacobs, miss winifred atwood jacobs, mrs winifred atwood yarnold, miss mildred adelaide jacobs

Photograph shows Geelong tram 38 at Queens Park during 1957 following the closure of the tram system. The tram has seen some vandalism. Photo by Warrington Cameron.Yields information about Geelong tram 38 which was placed in Queens Park following closure of the system.Black and white photograph printed on plain paper with notes on the rearOn rear in ink "Queens Park 1957"geelong, tramways, queens park, tram 38

Portrait of Judge J.W. Rogers. judge john w. rogers, john warrington rogers, judge rogers

For Bravery in the Field. Great War British Army Recipients of the Military Medal 1914 - 2910. A Register.Soft cardboard cover. Black / gold / white print on front, spine & back. Illustrated in colour. Military Medal group on grey / brown background photo of mud on front. 2 black / white colour highlighted photo of soldiers on back. 641 cut, plain, white pages. No illustrations.book, military medal, great war, british

Set of three photographs showing former Geelong tram No. 28 being loaded from a farm in Little River and arriving in Canberra in May 1982. Yields information about the recovery of tram 28 from Little River and its transport to Canberra.Slide - Kodachrome, cardboard mount with notes written on themIn ink on slide 1 - Geelong 28 at Little River May 1982 3 - arrives Tasmania Circuit 5/82geelong, tramways, tram 28, tram recovery

SECV Tramways - GeelongProvides information about the research work and letters about the history of Geelong tramways and in particular trams 2 and 28.In order as received from correspondents and research undertake by the donor.Plain manila file marked Geelong Trams • SEC advert for sale of 21 tram bodies • Copy of list of disposals from Geelong • 1930 advert for sale of MMTB tramcars • Sewer plan showing Pakington/Aberdeen St track work with Newtown-West link • Track map of Geelong • Track plan – Pakington and Aphrasia streets • Notes on derailment of Geelong 25 – 1950 and 1951 at the same location with photo ex the Geelong advertiser • Letter from Dave O’Neil, re above - 6-2-2004 and other correspondents to 1991 • Letters from Dave O’Neil dated 6/2/2004 and others re trams • Letters from Bob Lilburn 1982 to 2012 • Letter to Keith Kings dated 8/2/1995 • Note on the application of transfers by G Jordan • Geelong Electric Tramways logos probably used in 1931-3 between MESCo and SEC logos • Correspondence between Warrington and Howard Clark of the Sydney tramway museum re Brussel trucks - 2003 • Correspondence re painting of the tramcar with T Searle – Geelong SEC painter • Copy of the AETA Geelong, Point Ormond and Footscray rolls. secv, tramcars, paintwork, logos, maps, accidents, correspondencesecv, tramcars, paintwork, logos, maps, accidents, correspondence

Geelong tram 28 at the donor's Canberra house during 2005. Shows the detailed paint finish, destination of Kardinia Park, Pay as you enter sign and lining.Yields information about the finish given to former Geelong tram 28 by the donor.Colour photograph of former Geelong tram No. 28.Has "2005" in ink on rear.trams, tramways, tram preservation, j class, geelong, tram recovery, tram 28

FLETCHER RUSSELL & CO. LTD/ WARRINGTON MANCHESTER & LONDON Thomas Fletcher (1840-1903) had established a gas appliance manufactory in Thynne Street, Warrington by the 1880s. By 1895 the company had become Fletcher Russell and Co Gas Engineers, his firm having merged with Alexander and William Russell of Pendleton Iron Works. In 1950, the firm merged into Radiation Ltd which was later acquired by 'TI New World. In the early 1880s Thomas Fletcher was a registered dentist who went on to found a dental apparatus manufacturing business. He later diversified into producing equipment for blacksmiths, foundries, forging and other sectors. The company had grown to 900 employees in 1914. These foot-operated bellows were for pumping gas to keep the patient relaxed while the dentist worked on their teeth. They were later modified for a variety of uses where a continual flow of air was needed.These bellows are representative of a range of devices developed in the late 19th Century to assist in manufacturing. They were donated to our collection by a Wodonga resident.A set of foot bellows made from timber, metal and leather. The bellows were activated by pressing up and down on the metal step-shaped lever at the front. The air outlet on one side would have a hose attached to it to direct the air current to wherever it was needed. The bellows are made from leather. The manufacturers mark is attached to the top within a metal circle.On top of Bellows in a circle: "FLETCHER RUSSELL & CO./ WARRINGTON/ MANCHESTER / LONDON"foot bellows, fletcher russell & co. ltd.

Yields information about the condition of Geelong No. 28 which was recovered by Warrington Cameron.Black and white photograph of former Geelong tram No. 28 at the Ree's Farm during the 1960's. This is the location where the tram body was recovered from by Warrington Cameron. Warrington notes that the corrugated roof put on and the side destination boxes disposed of in the 1970's. trams, tramways, tram preservation, sale of trams, j class, geelong, scrapped trams, tram 28

Volume 3 of The Works of George Warrington Steevens.Red buckram cover with title in black letters. 326 pages with cut edges. Contains coloured maps.Inside on 2nd page: Percy H Morcom 26.1.'02 from A.M. with many happy returnsbooks - history, military

Set of two digital images of Paul Mong and Warrington Cameron receiving a model of Geelong No. 27/10/2019 at the BTM AGM. The model was made by Greg King and an associate - mainly 3D printed.trams, tramways, btm, geelong, models, agm

Brim Brim was built by Judge Warrington Rogers in 1859An early property built by a notable resident in 1859, Brim Brim has served many roles as a residence, a home for the elderly and as various B & B and function businessesBrim Brim front entrance from driveway, part of garden visiblebuilding, brim brim, judge warrington rogers

WW1 Australian Serviceman Joseph Nalder Pte. 2914 Supreme Sacrifice d. 18th October 1917 result of wounding in France. Died in War Hospital at Warrington, Lancashire, England. Age 44. Buried in Warrington War Cemetery, England. An early pupil of Towaninnie State School, he farmed at Lalbert, In the Mallee, Victoria and later at East Pingelly, W.A.This adds to collection of WW1 Serviceman’s records nationally and locallyLarge heavy brown wooden framed photo with gold inset , head and shoulders photograph of WW1 soldier Joseph Nalder in army uniform, cap with rising sun . Black and white rectangular photo.Noneww1, supreme sacrifice, wartime, lalbert, towaninnie, nalder

Photograph of the interior of Ballarat 23, possibly after it has been withdrawn from service. Shows the interior former Adelaide tip over seats, Brill-Winner type seating. See btm7873doc.pdf for a series of emails from Warrington Cameron 7/2020 identifying and discussing the photograph.Yields information about tram 23 and its internal appearance with the internal flip over backed seats.Negative and Digital images of the Wal Jack Ballarat Negative filetrams, tramways, interiors, ballarat depot, gold, centenary of gold, tram 23, brill winner seats, j c brill co

Two articles about the launch on 6-2-2022 of Geelong 2 by the Museum:- 1 - "Restored tram a time capsule" - by Tim Bottams - giving details of the launch, some details of the tram and the times. 2 - "Geelong Tram reborn in a new city" - by Edwina Williams with details of the previous weekends event, quotes from Paul Mong, Warrington Cameron, its history and that it will be operating again on 27-2-2022.Yields information about the formal launch of Geelong 2.Newspaper - Ballarat Times News Group - set of two cuttings from Thursday 3-2-2022 and 10-2-2022 re launch of Geelong 2.btm, tramways, tramcars, tram 2, geelong, events

An album of photographs with some postcards compiled by Wal Jack, a Ballarat tram and rail enthusiast of Bendigo and Geelong tram photographs. Some photographs are duplicated in the Museum's holdings.Has a strong association with Wal Jack and tramway developments until 1964. Given their extent are of particular significance to the Museum and the Provincial tramways. Features Bendigo and Geelong tramcars. Black binder cloth covered folder, two brass screw binders with grey paper inside covers holding some 40 grey colour foolscap size sheets of card on which photos have been mounted using photo corners so various types, captions in blue or black ink. Some 111 Bendigo and 94 Geelong black and white photographs with some postcards. For details of each photograph, layouts and BTM Reg Item Nos. see - Detail description of photos in Reg Item 5003 - listed.pdf For a list and corrections applied to the photos from Warrington Cameron see donation file sheet. trams, tramways, sec, tramcars, geelong, bendigo, wal jack

Yields information about the development of the wheel profiles in Ballarat and other SEC tramways.Set of research notes - A4 sheets, titled "SEC wheel tyre - some historical notes", prepared 10/4/2005. Comprises: 1. Two page of notes, including references, giving SEC profiles, MMTB profile, Tyres before conforming to Geelong practices and tyre as conforming to Geelong tramway's practice. 2. Email between Warrington Cameron and Warren Doubleday dated 10/4/2005 3. Email between C. Tooke and K. Smith dated 15/3/2005 4. SEC drawing VW4/? - Tramway Tyres - copied from MMTB drawings 5. MMTB drawing R2624A 6. SEC drawing 7515/6 - Maximum Traction Tyre, 22E, 33" driver wheel tyre. trams, tramways, wheels, tyres, profiles, sec

This mess tin belonged to MELIA JAMES HENRY : Service Number - VX18960 : Date of birth - 08 Oct 1900 : Place of birth - WARRINGTON ENGLAND : Place of enlistment - CAULFIELD VIC : Next of Kin - CHURTON MARGARET The mess tin was manufactured by Sellman & Hill (S&H) Ltd from Wolverhampton. British aluminum mess tins were used by most of the Empire early in the war. A new pattern of mess tin was developed for the Web Equipment 1937 Pattern, which was a nested, two-piece rectangular mess tin with long, folding handles. Mess tins were used to prepare or heat food but they were also used as a container from which to eat and drink. The tins were lightweight and sturdy but they became hot very quickly when heated. Mess kit consisting of two pieces: One rectangular aluminium mess tin from WWII with multiple hand-carved inscriptions on outside indicating owner and locations he was stationed in 1940 and 1941. Welded handle attachment, although handle itself is missing. There is also a small, flat bottomed aluminium cup.Multiple hand-carved inscriptions on three external sides of the mess tin: Side one: "1940 Palestine / Egypt / VX18960 / Dvr Melia. J / AASC / 1941 Libya" Side two: " BARDIA / GREECE / TOBRUK" Side three: " Gaza / Beit Jerga / Kfar Vitkin / jaff / TEL-AVIV / Jerusalem / Nazareth / Haifa" Manufacturer's hallmark stamped on side four: "S.&H. LTD / 1938" and below that a stamp of an arrow pointing upmess tin, aluminium mess tin, wwii, wwii mess tin, sellman & hill, british mess tin

Bendigo Operatic Society ''Naughty Marietta'' at the Capitol Theatre, View Street Bendigo for a Five Night Season Commencing Friday 7th July 1967. Producer: Cid Ellwood - Musical Director: Max O'Loghlen - Assistant Producer, Ballet and Wardrobe Mistress: Madge Welch - Society Pianist and Chorus Mistress: Gwen Grose. Cast in Order of Appearance: John Stanistreet as Etienne Grandet - Peggy Green as Adah - Des Duguid as Captain Richard Warrington - James Watson as Sir Harry Blake - Ferd Lorenz as Silas Slick - Carol Mills as Lizette - Valerie McCracken as Marietta - John Boquest as Rudolfo - Douglas Sayle as Lt. Governor Grandet - Ian Unmack as Florenz - Joan Mellis as Fanchon - Anne Pearson as Annette - Kaye Moncrieff as Feliceprogram, theatre, bendigo operatic society

8 page multi-fold program with soft cardboard cover and 4 page gloss paper interiorPlay presented live at the Karralika Theatre, directed by Neale Warrington. Monday 12 January 1981 to Saturday 31 January 1981. MON & SAT 2 PM ONLY. TUES - FRID 10.30 AM & 2 PM. NO PERFORMANCE SUNDAY. Adults $4.75, Children (under 14)/PENSIONERS. A charming play based on Kenneth Grahame's classic, "The wind in the willows" with Toad, Mole, Rat, Badger etc. Interior of booklet consists on Synopsis- page 3, Two Act play with 11 Scenes on Page 4, Cast on pages 5, 6 &7. Crew on page 8.

A deed appointing the Reverend Samuel Thornton as a trustee of the Ballarat School of Mines, after the death of former Trustee Rivett Henry Bland, and increasing the number of trustees by appointing James Millhinch Bickett. It includes a covering letter of Department of Lands and Survey Letterhead... and whereas it is intended that forthwith after the execution hereof the said land and premises shall be so transferred that the same may become vested in the said Sir William John Clarke and John Warrington Rogers jointly with the said Right Reverend Samuel Thornton, Andrew Anderson and James Millhinch Bickett now these prexsents witness that the said Governor as such Governor as aforesaid in exercise of the power for this purpose given to him by the said Crown Grant and of every other power enabling him doth hereby appoint the Said Right Reverend Samuel Thornton to be a trustee of the land in place of the said Rivett Henry Bland and James Millhinch Bickett to the addition trustees. .. .department of lands and survey, letterhead, legal, john adrian louis earl of hopetoun, william john clarke, rivett henry bland, john warrington rogers, trustees, ballarat school of mines, ballarat school of mines trustees

The Ballarat School of Mines was the first site of technical edducation in Australasia. It is now a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia. It's first president was Redmond Barry.Correspondence and planning documents relating to the setting up of the Ballarat School of Mines. it includes tenders for contractors for the refurbishment of the former Ballarat Circuit Court. .1) Rules for the pupils of the Mining School at Zurickau, 18/11/1870 (not translated by Emanuel Steinfeld, perhaps by W. Henderson) .2) Regulations of the Mining Academy at Frieberg, 18/11/1870 .3) Einrichtungen, Freiberg, 1870 (written in German) .4) Letter from Somerville Learmonth of Ercildoun to Harrie Wood, Clerk of the Board of Mines Ballarat, accepting a position as one of three trustees of the Ballarat School of Mines, along with Redmond Barry and R.H. Bland, 08/01/1870 .5) Printing order with Robert Wreford, 26/01/1870 .6) H. Waymouth to Mr Bickett re the Ballarat School of Mines, 1780 .7) Letter from R.H. Bland of Clunes to Harrie Wood of the Ballarat Mining Board, 27/01/1870 .8) Letter from Somerville Livingstone Learmonth of Ercildoun to Harrie Woods of the Ballarat Mining Board refusing the offer to be a Trustee of the Ballarat School of Mines, 28/01/1870 .9) Minutes of the meeting of the Ballarat School of Mines Executive Council, 05/02/1870 and Correspondence from Harrie Wood to J. Warrington Rogers re the lease of the building for the Ballarat School of Mines, 21/01/1870 .10) Chief Secretary's Office to Ballarat Mining Board re Life Membership of the Ballarat School of Mines, 02/02/1870 .10b) Letter from Redmond Barry, Carlton Gardens, Melbourne re the visit of the Governor of Victoria to the Ballarat School of Mines, 04/02/1870 .12) Letter from Charles Pucke on behalf of Mr McCulloch to H, Ainswood, Secretary of the Ballarat Mining Board, 11/07/1870 .13) Correspondence from Henry Rosales of Walhalla (Chairman of the Gippsland Mining Board) to James Baker of the Ballarat School of Mines, 28/12/1870 .11) Meeting of the Executive Council, Bickett, Eddy Downes, 08/02/1870 .14) Letter from John Phillips, contract surveyor of St Arnaud to Mr Newman, Vice-President of the Ballarat School of Mines, 15/12/1870 .15) Articles ordered and obtained for the Ballarat School of Mines, 03/01/1870 .16) Telegram from John Lewis of Clunes to the Ballarat School of Mines. .16b) Quote from painter Thomas Robson for painting the Ballarat School of Mines, 05/06/1870 .17) Note from Duncan Gillies to Harrie Wood re grant for the Ballarat School of Mines, 05/06/1870 .18) Correspondence re Grant to the Ballarat School of Mines, Duncan Gillies, 04/07/1870 .19) Correspondence concerning the Ballarat School of Mines from F. Valient to Harrie Wood, 14/05/1870 .19b) Correspondence from Somerville Livingstone Learmonth to Harrie Woods - an apology for a meeting with Judge Rogers, 23/05/1870 .20) Letter from R.H. Bland to Harrie Wood, 15/07/1870 .22) Telegraph from J. Warrington Rogers to Harrie Wood of the Ballarat Mining Board concerning tenders for the Ballarat School of Mines, which was established in 1870. .23) Letter from Ballarat Mining Board to Judge Warrington Rogers, 31/05/1870 .24) Telegraph to Harrie Wood of the Ballarat Mining Board from J. Warrington Rogers concerning Sir Redmond Barry. A note at the bottom of the telegraph notes ‘This telegram has been delayed through repairs on line. .25) Letter on Melbourne Public Library Letterhead from librarian Augustus Fulk, 05/08/1870 .26) Letter from R.H. Bland to Harrie Wood, 30/05/1870 .27) Letter from Robert Park re alteration of the former Ballarat Court House for use as the Ballarat School of Mines, 05/05/1870. .28) Letter from G. Whitty re painting of the former Ballarat Court House for use as the Ballarat School of Mines, 04/05/1870 .29) Letter from William Newman re plastering of the former Ballarat Court House for use as the Ballarat School of Mines, 05/05/1870 .30) Letter from Charles A. Abbott re teaching Mechanical Drawing at the Ballarat School of Mines, 04/04/1870 .32) Letter from Redmond Barry to the Ballarat School of Mines, 07/1870 .31) National Insurance Company of Australia insurance for the Ballarat School of Mines (former Ballarat Circuit Court), 01/05/1870 .33) Letter from R.H. Bland to Harrie Wood, 09/1870 .34) Letter from Somerville Livingstone Learmonth to Harrie Wood, 06/09/1870 .35) Letter to the Chief Secretary to the Ballarat School of Mines Library & Museum, 30/11/1870 .36) Parliament house (Kitto) to the Ballarat Mining Board, 15/11/1870 .37) H. de la Poer Wall of Grenville College to R.W. Newman of the Ballarat School of Mines, 27/04/1971 .38) W.H. Odgers to the Ballarat East Town Clerk, 20/05/1870 .39) Correspondence to the Borough of Clunes for the Ballarat Mining Board requesting a grant to set of a school of mines at Ballarat. 25/03/1870 .40) Surveyor to Harrie Wood, Mining Registrar, 27/04/1870 .40) Letter to Judge Warrington Rogers re the contractor's account for satisfactory completion of work on the Ballarat School of Mines, 11/07/1870 .43) Desks for the Ballarat School of Mines by Henry Gough, 1870 .44) Ballarat Star Office to James Baker of the Ballarat School of Mines, 1870ballarat school of mines, frieberg mining academy, learmonth, somerville learmonth, wreford, weymouth, bland, rivet henry bland, barry, redmond barry, mcculloch, phillips, john phillips, robson, gillies, duncan gillies, warrington rogers, melbourne public library, whitty, robert park, newman, william newman, charles abbott, janes baler, de la poer wall, odgers, louis le gould, wood, harrie wood, steinfeld, emanuel steinfeld, ainswood, pucke, thomas robson, telegraph, telegram, state library of victoria, fulks, architecture, reed, j. reed, rosales, abbott, charles a. abbott, mechanical drawing, drawing, ballarat circuit courthouse, ballarat courthouse, national insurance company of australia, grenville college, chief secretary's office, robert sandon, school of mines, schools of mines, establishment, ballarat school of mines establishment, germany, london, ercildoun

Crew of "M" for Mother, a Lancaster aircraft belonging to No. 467 Squadron RAAF in Bomber Command. The Squadron is based at RAF Station Waddington, and this crew is just preparing to take off on a raid over Berlin. Left to right: 417035 Flight Sergeant (Flt Sgt, later Flying Officer [FO]) John Warrington Scott of Ballarat, Victoria; 413558 Flt Sgt (later FO) George Edward Erickson of Sydney, NSW; 412890 Flt Sgt (later Flight Lieutenant [Flt Lt]) Albert Reginald Thomas Boys of Sydney, NSW; 11615 Sergeant (later Flt Sgt) Charles Edward Adair of Swan Hills, NSW (lost on operations over Germany on 23 September 1943); 414407 Flt Sgt (later Flt Lt) Bertram Raymond Jones of Wyandra, Queensland; 400444 Flt Sgt (later Flt Lt) John Hudson Wilkinson, (later Distinguished Flying Cross), (bending down) of Rutherglen, Victoria (lost on operations over Europe on 30 August 1944); Sgt E L Tull, RAF. From collection of photographs and cuttings dedicated to the memory of WILKINSON JOHN HUDSON : Service Number - 400444 : Date of birth - 18 Feb 1914 : Place of birth - RUTHERGLEN VIC : Place of enlistment - MELBOURNE : Next of Kin - WILKINSON HUDSON. The crew of “M for Mother”, a Lancaster bomber from 467 Squadron, preparing to take off on a raid over Berlin. John Wilkinson is standing at far right. Wilkinson was awarded the distinguished flying cross in March 1944 and tragically killed in action over Germany in August 1944. black and white photograph of seven airmen in front of Lancaster bomber planeRear of photograph - John Wilkinson on right standing behind man bent over pilot, kia, killed in action, dfc, distinguished flying cross, wwii, world war two, air force, lancaster, 1944