Containers like these were used to hold water for miners working underground. In mines the word "crib" refers to a meal break time. A crib tin would have accompanied the crib bottle. The word "crib" is probably of Cornish origin.A metal container 38 centimetres high and 16 centimetres wide made in three sections with a half centimetre thick metal handle that extends ten centimetres above the container. the bottom section is an oval shape 16 centimetres by 12 centimetres and is 18 centimetres high it is reinforced with two two centimetre wide straps crossing the bottom and extends six centimetres up the sides and is secured with rivets. The next section is a conical shape that extends for eight centimetres and finishes forming a four centimetre circle. A four centimetre tube extends for 12 centimetres.The handle is a 27 centimetres high loop of half centimetre round metal and is attached to the conical section of the container. metal container, crib bottle, miner's water container

The two glass water containers/bottles are thought to have been used in railway passenger trains in the c. 1900s. The Wodonga train line and train station opened in November 1873 when the section of the line from Wangaratta to Wodonga was completed. The expansion of Victorian Railways to the northeast of Victoria occurred after the Victorian Government took over the railways in 1867 and the trains serviced large towns such as Seymour, Wangaratta and Wodonga, as well as smaller towns along the way.The two glass water containers/bottles have historic significance as examples of the equipment used in passenger trains in Australia in the c. 1900s.Two clear glass water containers/bottles with a narrow neck and flaring body, which were used in railway passenger trains c. 1900s. The slightly taller water container/bottle has a metal chain around the neck." c / NSW / TD" on the base of the taller water container.railways water containers, passenger train water containers, passenger trains water bottles, glass water bottles, railway equipment

The two Gundowring Fire Brigade tanks (20 - 30 litres) may have been used for drinking water for the fire fighters. Their curved side and handles indicate that they were attached (strapped) to horses or a round tank and transported to the fire. This tank was used for drinking water for the fire fighters of Gundowring during the 1923 fire. Some of their equipment was home made. The Gundowring Fire Brigade was a rural fire brigade operating in 1923.Green rusty metal rectangular box with 1 curved side. At the top is an outlet with a lip with a lid fitted in it. The life has a metal hollow lever attached to its middle and is inscribed. One end of the tank has a sturdy tap at the bottom. One side has a white painted inscription. On the opposite side attached near the opening is a hollow metal triangular piece to enable the tank to be strapped onto transport. and also on the opposite side at the middle bottom a square hollow metal handle. this side is curved horizontally.Lid: "? sprayer" Side: "Gundowring R.F.B. -(Rural Fire Brigade)gundowring fire brigade. cfa. drinking water. water container. horses. tank. bush fire.

The two Gundowring Fire Brigade tanks may have been used for drinking water for the fire fighters. Their curved side and handles indicate that they were attached (strapped) to horses or a round tank and transported to the fire.This tank was used for drinking water for the fire fighters of Gundowring during the 1923 fire. Some of their equipment was hand made. The Gundowring Fire Brigade was a rural fire brigade operating in 1923.Green rusty metal rectangular tank with an opening at the top but no lid. At the bottom on one side there is an horizontally extended pipe with a flat knob at its end that can be turned to allow the water in the tank to come out.. At the top of the tank is a rectangular hollow metal handle. There is also a handle on the top of the opposite side. There are 2 smaller triangular hollow metal 'handles' at the top of the straight side (for strapping). There is one square hollow metal handle in the middle of the bottom of the same side which is also the curved side. This side is curved vertically. The side opposite the curved side has a white inscription.Side: Gundowring R.F.B. (Rural Fire Brigade)gundowring fire brigade. cfa. drinking water. water container. horses. tank. bushfire.

The water bag was designed to hold approximately the equivalent of 3 water bottles as in Cat No No 3006. Item issued to Peter Ball 3796117, refer Cat No 4704.1) Water bag outer, camouflage greens, water proof material, has webbing adjustable strap for attachment to basic kit. .2) Water bag inner, clear plastic with screw top lid..1) 8465 - 66 - 1969 - AGM (the remainder unreadable) Written: Peter BALL .2) 8465 - 66 - 024 - 4020 - CANTHS - P/L 1971 [up arrow]military, equipment, water container

This extract from an advertisement in the Sydney Morning Herald newspaper of 1/12/1959 places the era in which this water bag was prolific throughout rural Australia. " ABERDEEN CANVAS GOODS for the man on the land here is Australia's most useful, convenient and hygienic water bag. Its special unbreakable plastic nozzle is fitted with a perforated filter strainer. Made from long flax canvas, its universal handle enables it to be hung on bumper bar, wire fence or on hook or nail" The availability of clean cool drinking water in remote rural locations was essential for survival under the blistering Australian summer sun. This was in a pioneer era when transport, roads and convenience stores were ,in a lot of "outback" Australia, in short supply and survival was dependent upon what could be carried by vehicle or pack horse.When the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme became a reality, the use of the water bag was one of the essential personal items of survival given to each person working in the forests and on and in the high plains environment. Even in an outside stationary work place the availability of cool clean water was a prerequisite. The canvas water bag allowed any wind or airflow to cool down the water, even on very hot days, to provide a refreshing and throat quenching supply of water. These bags could be fastened onto the front of vehicles or hanging from shady tree branches thereby permitting air flow around the bag. During the "wearing in" period the residual taste from the canvas was fairly strong, this became considerably less as time and a half moved on. This "Aberdeen" long flax canvas water bag is held together on two sides and the top by strong heavy cotton stitching. The iron fashioned carrying handle has, protruding from its top elevation ,a very strong hook (well in excess of the bags' weight requirement). At the top, of the bag, and on one side only, is a brown coloured bakelite spout (with an inbuilt filter) protruding upwards. This spout has its matching , screw on, lid complete with attachment chain (not fixed at the handle end)On the front of the bad and stenciled in bold lettering, "ABERDEEN" and directly below "Travellers" and below this "FILTER BAG". Below this are two parallel black lines enclosing an ochre coloured band(12mm wide) running around the bottom section of the bag. Below this band is stenciled the number 14 in black (25mm high) figures. The spout lid has stamped on the top surface and within the outline of Australia, "ABERDEEN FILTER WATER BAG". Above this and close to the edge of the lid is pressed "PAT. No 9149/32 and down at the bottom rim is stamped "RD. No. 9870". canvas, water bag, water container, camping equipment, survival pack

Digital Imagesyarra river melbourne docklands, yarra river, dock, docklands, shipping, port, channel, water, container, cranes

Digital Imagesyarra river melbourne docklands, yarra river, dock, docklands, shipping, port, channel, water, container, port control tower, control tower, tower

The plastic green 1.5 litre water container is enclosed inside a fitted outer carrier. The water bottle has a secure screw lid, this combination is missing the universal mess canteen.1. Plastic bottle, “FOR WATER ONLY DO NOT APPLY CANTEEN TO OPEN FLAME OR BURNER PLATES” “HCMIL 1981^ 8465-66-086-8349” passchendaele barracks trust, water bottle, outer carrier

The plastic green 1,5 litre water container is enclosed inside the stainless steel universal mess canteen. The water bottle has a secure screw lid, this combination is missing the outer carrier.1. "FOR WATER ONLY DO NOT APPLY CANTEEN TO OPEN FLAME OR BURNER PLATES" “BMW 1989^ 8465-66-086-8349. RATGMFORD?” 2. “STOKES AUSTRALASIA 8465-66-068-5567 1986^”passchendaele barracks trust, water bottle, canteen

Circa 1920s petrol driven cross saw. It was mainly used cross cutting felled logs The Land on which the Menzies Creek railway station and Museum are built on was once apart of James Hermon's & his son William Hermon's property on which this Drag Saw was used. reference : Jinkers and Whims: A Pictorial History of Timber-Getting By Jack BradshawHistoric - Industrial Timber working petrol driven cross saw - Drag SawLarge, mechanical saw mounted on a steel shaft connected to tin fuel and water containers. The machine has two large spoked wheels, a rotating Crankshaft and an extended arm/rod attached to a crank and flywheel.New Record puffing billy, drag saw, timber cutting, early mechanical equipment, james hermon & sons, menzies creek, 1920s

Standard issue to soldiers serving in WW1.This canteen was carried by Laurence Stoneman’s great uncle during his service, WW1.Lidded metal water container, covered in felt faded fabric. Leather shoulder strap broken. Lid removed is a small cup with ring handle. Leather around canteen intact. Lid looped through leather strap. There are no markings or inscriptions visible.ww1, canteen, water bottle

Black & white photo of two Australian soldiers wearing slouch hats behind a Vickers M6 gun on a large tripod with water container & ammunition boxes beside it. The small photo has been printed on larger photo paper.photography-photographs, military history-army, arms-ordnance, vickers

Domestic water filters would have been used in Orbost before water was reticulated to all town houses and on rural properties using tank water.This is an example of a domestic ceramic container used to hold and filter water in the early 20th century."The Abbot Filter" used to cool water. Tall, stoneware, cylindrical, cream coloured with handles and tap. Tap is stainless steel."The Abbot Filter" - Australianwater-supply abbot-filter container water-cooler

Cubed iron ship tanks were invented by Richard Trevithich in 1808, in partnership with Robert Dickson, and the design was patented that year. The invention eventually replaced the wooden casks or barrels used at the time, as the ship tanks were more secure and their shape was much more economical in storage space. The robust metal tanks were originally made to transport water, but their preserving quality enabled them to transport perishable dry goods such as grain on long voyages, as well as other forms of liquid and solid cargo. The first ship tanks were made from sheets of iron, and later mild steel sheets, with double riveted edges and corners. A round cast iron lid with handle grips was fitted snugly into the top opening, providing an air-tight and water-tight seal. Brass taps were often fitted into the base, which could have been the case with this tank, but it now has a wooden bung in the hole. Sailing ships began using the new ship tanks on Australian voyages from around the 1830s, storing food and water for those on board, and filling them with other cargo. A large number of the ship tanks were repurposed in 1838 for the Victoria Settlement at Port Essington, N.T., as they were able to protect the food, clothing and other stores from termite and insect damage. Other ‘recycled’ ship tanks were cut in half and used as washing tubs or cookers. A 1929 catalogue from Hudson’s Tank Stores advertised square tanks that contained around 600 litres – 160 gallons – which equals an internal measurement of 33.25 inches – 84.5 centimetres – per side ship tanks are still made and sold in 1952 by the Globe Tank and Foundry in Wolverhampton, England, which was incorporated in 1922. Today, ship tanks can be seen around Australia. Wilsonson’s Promontory Lightstation has the lid from a ship tank that was used on site for the storage of water. Some have been repurposed as domestic water tanks and dog kennels, others for eucalyptus distilleries. Flagstaff Hill has two ship tanks. The Campaspe Port at Echuca, once a bustling river port, has a ship tank beside the locomotive yard. The lids of ship tanks are collectible items. Richard Trevithick (1771-1833): - Trevithick was born in 1771 in Cornwall, England. He was a famous British engineer and inventor during the Industrial Revolution, known for his invention of the first full-scale working railway, the high-pressure steam locomotive, which he demonstrated hauling a railway train in 1804. He set up a small workshop in 1808 at 72 Fore Street, Limehouse, London, to make iron ship tanks, and this invention was instrumental in replacing the wooden casks formerly used for storage on ships. He was involved with mining technology, iron foundry and ship equipment. Ship tanks changed the way that cargo was transported on ships and other vehicles from the 1830s and were used into the mid-20th century. The ship tanks’ advantages were that they could store more content, lasted longer, were waterproof and airtight, stackable and could be repurposed for many uses other than water, such as fuel, dry goods and domestic cargo. They have even been used aa dog kennels and cookers. Ship tanks were part of the evolving methos to transport water, food and cargo, which changed in 1956 when Malcolm McLean invented the large, rectangular shipping containers that are in use today; they speed up the process of loading on and off the ships, saving time and money. Ship tank: a cubed iron container with an offset hole on one side. The hole has cutouts for securely attaching a lid. This tank is on its side on the ground with the opening facing sideways. The side facing upwards has a wooden bung in a round hole. The ship tank is made from six square, thick iron sheets, rolled and riveted along the edges. The inside has a black sticky coating, possibly bitumen, and a strong creosote odour. There are small remnants of green paint on the outer surface.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, iron cube, water tank, shipping container, ship tank, ship's tank, ship tanks, marine container, richard trevithich, 1808, robert dickson, water transport, water storage, iron foundry, steel sheets, iron sheets, revets, victoria settlement, port essington, globe tank and foundry, wolverhampton, british engineer, british inventor, wooden casks

.1) Blue metal water bottle encased in khaki felt cover with cork. .2) Webbing straps.container, water bottle, webbing

Grey metal, oval shaped water bottle, no cap, no stop. AIF Rising Sun & crown etched on front.Etched on front: “ADVANCE AUSTRALIA FAIR”container, water, bottle

Ceramic hot water bottles were common in the 19th and early 20th centuries. As well as filling hot water containers to warm your bed, you could buy earthenware bottles to use as foot warmers or hand warmers too. Earlier foot warmers used to hold hot coals, or glowing wood, not warm water. In the same way, traditional bed warmers filled with embers were once more usual than hot water bottles.Ceramic foot warmer glazed in cream with a decoration of lattice and pink roses.Maker stamp on base: "The Mecca Foot Warmer / Made in finest English Ivory Ware / Reg. No. 571373 / No sharp corners / Warming Pan / Stone-Trent Englandfoot warmer, household item, bedroom item

Estimated date when used 1950'sTeapot holder for travelling made with yellow, flower patterned, vinyl material covering and thickly padded red striped felt lining has cavity to fit teapot or hot water container. Gold metal trim around opening with loops on metal handle to rest two gold balls on other side when holder is closed - similar to a large purse. Red vinyl base has four gold metal balls on corners.teapot, carrier

Hand operated washing machine - plunger type - a central cone plunger attached to a fulcrum point (adjustable in height) on side with a long arm. Depth of plunger action also adjustable. All mounted on a three leg frame. Container is slightly coned shaped at bottom and has a drain tap at bottom for emptying water. Container can also be lifted off. Provision made for attachment of a wringer (this could be a later modification). Plunger is approx 37cm in diameter and has four 1.5cm holes for water to be forced through. Unit is galvanised steel but frame appears to have been painted with 'Silverfros'.On Side of container - 'The Zwar' VACUUM Washing Machine Patent No 2089/31domestic items, laundering

WWII historic signficanceMilitary water bottle in khaki container with webbing shoulder strap. Blue enamel body with felt covering (for insulation). Held approximately 1 litre. Had a cork stopper. The name 'ELLISON' is written on the strap

It is no secret that copper is currently experiencing a huge upsurge in popularity. This is mainly thanks to its beautiful colour featuring heavily in the ranges of countless homeware retailers. There is, however, far more to this lustrous metal than just its appearance. For example, it has a greater level of thermal conductivity than any other metal (except silver); roughly 60% higher than aluminium and 3000% higher than stainless steel. This means copper is capable of heating up very quickly when compared to other metals. Perhaps a less commonly known property of copper is it being inherently antimicrobial. A wide range of harmful microbes are unable to survive for more than a couple of hours when in contact with a surface made of copper or one of its alloys (brass and bronze). This has led to it often being used for frequently touched surfaces such as door knobs, push plates and taps. A seemingly perfect material for cooking, it is therefore no surprise that it has been used in kitchens for millennia. But exactly when did we learn to utilise copper and its valuable assets? Origins It is hard to pin down an exact date when copper cookware was first introduced. Pieces discovered in regions of the middle east were dated as far back as 9000BC, suggesting cooking with copper began during the Neolithic period (≈10000-2000BC). As civilisations became increasingly capable in metallurgical techniques, metals such as copper became more widely used. It would have been around this time that copper replaced stone as the material used for making tools and cooking vessels. The use of copper is also well documented in Ancient Egypt. Not only was it used to produce water and oil containers, but it was also used to in medical practices. The antimicrobial nature of copper was exploited long before the concept of microorganisms was fully understood. The Smith Papyrus, a medical text written between 2600 and 2200BC records the use of copper in sterilising wounds and drinking water. Tin Lining Although copper is essential to many processes within the human body, it can become toxic if consumed in excess. It was this knowledge that gave rise to lining cookware with tin, a technique used for hundreds of years to prevent copper leaching in to food. These tin linings would eventually wear out and during the 18th and 19th century, it was common for people to send pans away to be re-tinned. This practice is becoming increasingly rare, as are the craftsmen who perform it. Despite this, there are still manufactures producing tin-lined copper cookware who also offer a re-lining service. Perhaps the best known of these is Mauviel, a French manufacturer who have been making this type of cookware since 1830. Tin has now largely been replaced by stainless steel as an interior cooking surface. Not only is it more cost effective, but the high grade of stainless steel used in premium cookware (typically 18/10) is highly resistant to corrosion and more durable than tin.Copper saucepans are still used in many kitchens.Small copper saucepan with long handle and three ridges around the circumference. Extensive corrosion.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, copper, saucepans, kitchen equipment

The heavy cast iron, round lid was originally fastened into a large, riveted metal box, known as a ship tank. It has the name ‘John Bellamy London’ cast in capitals in a continuous circle on the outer edge of the lid face, and the words ‘Byng St Millwall’ on the inner circle. , of Millwall, London, manufactured boilers and ship tanks from the 1860s to the 1930s and came from a family of tank makers who began manufacturing tanks some time before 1856. Ship tanks were invented in 1808 by notable engineer, Richard Trevithick and his associate John Dickinson. Their patent obtained the same year described the tank’s superior cubic shape that allowed it to fit squarely as a container in vessels and thus use space efficiently, while its metal fabric preserved and secured its liquid or solid contents from damage. The containers revolutionised the movement of goods by ship and made wooden casks redundant. Research by Michael Pearson has determined that they were carried on passages to Australia from at least the 1830s conveying ships’ victuals and water storage, as well as general goods heading for the colonies. Pearson found photographic evidence of their use in the 1860s, and by the 1870s they appeared to be in common use. lids surviving from containers indicate that nearly all the tanks transported to Australia came from London manufacturers. It was usual for the brand name to also feature as a stencil on the tank but in most cases this eventually wore off. A tank without its original stencil survives at Wilsons Promontory. Tanks transporting ‘drinking water or perishable dry goods were hermetically sealed by the use of the tightly fitting lid with a rubber sealing ring ‘which was screwed tight with the aid of lugs cast into the lid and wedges cast into the rim of the loading hole’. The raised iron rod welded across the outer face of many lids such as the Bellamy example, allowed for screwing the lid tight. Once in the colonies, the ship tanks were often recycled and adapted for many resourceful uses such as packing cases, dog kennels, water tanks, oil containers and food stores and this invariably led to the separation of the lid and tank. The Bellamy lid could have been salvaged from a shipwreck but is more likely to have to have originated from a recycled tank that was brought to the lightstation for water storage purposes. Pearson writes that: Ship tanks show up at a wide range of sites, many of them isolated like lighthouses. They were, I think, usually taken there for the purposes they filled, usually water storage, as they were readily available, relatively light to transport, and probably very cheap to buy as second-hand goods containers. In rural areas they may have been scavenged for their new uses from local stores, to whom goods were delivered in them. Parks Victoria has identified five tank lids in the lightstation collections covered by this project. In addition to the Bellamy lid at Point Hicks, they include a Bow brand lid at Point Hicks and another at Cape Otway, unidentified lids at Cape Otway and Wilsons Promontory. Pearson and Miles Lewis have each recorded two versions of the Bellamy trade name on the lids; one being ‘John Bellamy Byng St. London’; the other, ‘John Bellamy Byng St. Millwall London’. The Point Hicks lid has the second version of the name, as do other examples in Victoria that Lewis has identified at Illawarra, Toorak; Warrock homestead, Casterton; Eeyeuk homestead, Terang; Ward’s Mill, Kyneton; and Boisdale homestead near Maffra, and in NSW at Ayrdale Park, Wolumla; and Bishop’s Lodge, Hay. Pearson’s list includes the same lids in NSW at Tumbarumba; the Quarantine Station, Sydney; Willandra Station; Bedervale, Braidwood; Gunnedah Museum; Walla Walla and Macquarie Island. The Point Hicks lid is currently stored in the lighthouse although it is unlikely that its use had any association with this building. The lid is in good condition and retains the central bung. Pearson notes that ‘surviving lids are far less numerous than the tanks themselves, presumably because the uses to which the tanks were put did not require the lid to be retained’.347 The Bellamy ship tank lid has first level contributory significance for its historic values. Circular cast-iron disc with raised outer ridge with inscription. It also has an inner depression with inscription. Two metal sections form handles over inner depression. Hole in middle of disc.Around perimeter of outer edge "JOHN BELLAMY LONDON" Around inner area "BYNG ST MILLWALL"

Miss Evelyn Jensen was born in 1908 near Mytleford Road in Beechworth. Miss Jensen was a twin but she also had twelve brothers and sisters. Miss Jensen went to school when she was nine years old but did not enjoy it. Her father was a nozzleman and had a role in finding and collecting gold. More specifically, a nozzleman operated a steel barrel with an interchangeable brass nozzle that sprayed high pressure water onto rock and similar surfaces. This broke down the surface for gold to be found. Unfortunately, when he began most of the gold was already gone. Miss Jensen's mother died when Miss Jensen was sixteen. As a result, Miss Jensen had to take care of the children and run the house. This included looking after a few months old baby. Her father was away at work most days so all of the responsibility fell on her. Her grandmother was present but she was too old to help Miss Jensen. Miss Jensen and her family lived a very long way from the main town and often had to carry kerosene tins full of water half a mile to their house. This was because they have no access to water at their home. This lack of water also meant they had to either bathe in the creek or carry the water back home for a bath. On wash day, they washed their clothes in the creek too. Miss Jensen never married but continued to provide for her family. She spent her days gardening and cooking. They did not have much money so gardening was a way that they provided food for themselves. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Miss Jensen's oral history is significant because it demonstrates the struggles of living remotely during this early part of the twentieth century. When Miss Jensen's mother died, she had to take on a lot of responsibility and did not have much support. This history sheds light on these struggles of being a young caregiver but it also gives details on how large families lived in isolated places. An example of this is the way that Miss Jensen often had to do the washing in the creek because that was the only place there was running water. In addition, Miss Jensen's story is significant because her father was a nozzleman. It indicates one of the processes was used to find gold. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each sideEvelyn Jensen /mytleford road, beechworth, three mile creek, three mile beechworth, twin, nozzleman, goldrush, gold rush, work, mother, young mother, children, siblings, baby, grandmother, father, isolation, bush, water, watertanks, kerosene tins, wash day, bath day, creek, gardening, provide, poor, money, oral history, twentieth century, recording, story

This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires. It provided a source of boiling water, in or mainly outside the kitchen of homesteads. Early homes often had an open fire containing a fountain, buckets and kettles that hung from a hook in the fireplace. These containers supplied hot water for cooking, washing and cups of tea. The fountain was placed on hob until needed and then hung over fire.This water fountain would have been used by early settlers in Orbost before the connection of electricity.A large cast iron water fountain. It has a hook on the curved swinging handle and a tap at the front. This large cast iron camp pot or cauldron has a long tap connection located at the bottom end at the front. The tap has a simple control swivel at the end to control the water flow.On lid 1934.1 - 3 to 4 On base 1934.2 - A. Kenrick & Sons 4 Gallskettle cast-iron kenrick domestic kitchen

A coolamon is an Indigenous Australian carrying vessel. It is a multi-purpose shallow vessel, or dish with curved sides, ranging in length from 30–70 cm, and similar in shape to a canoe. Coolamons or pitchis were traditionally used by Aboriginal women to carry water, fruits, nuts, as well as to cradle babies. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This container is an example of an implement used by the early Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A large shallow elongated hand-made wooden receptacle used by Australian aborigines as a container for food and drink or for carrying babies.pitchi coolamon aboriginal container

A coolamon or pichi is an Indigenous Australian carrying vessel. It is a multi-purpose shallow vessel, or dish with curved sides, ranging in length from 30–70 cm, and similar in shape to a canoe. Coolamons or pichis were traditionally used by Aboriginal women to carry water, fruits, nuts, as well as to cradle babies. A shallow hand-made wooden dish used for carrying food, water and sometimes small babies. It is decorated on outside with burnt incisions.pitchi coolamon aboriginal container

Human beings appear to have been making their own ceramics for at least 26,000 years, subjecting clay and silica to intense heat to fuse and form ceramic materials. The earliest found so far were in southern central Europe and were sculpted figures, not dishes. The earliest known pottery was made by mixing animal products with clay and baked in kilns at up to 800°C. While actual pottery fragments have been found up to 19,000 years old, it was not until about ten thousand years later that regular pottery became common. An early people that spread across much of Europe is named after its use of pottery, the Corded Ware culture. These early Indo-European peoples decorated their pottery by wrapping it with rope, while still wet. When the ceramics were fired, the rope burned off but left a decorative pattern of complex grooves on the surface. The invention of the wheel eventually led to the production of smoother, more even pottery using the wheel-forming technique, like the pottery wheel. Early ceramics were porous, absorbing water easily. It became useful for more items with the discovery of glazing techniques, coating pottery with silicon, bone ash, or other materials that could melt and reform into a glassy surface, making a vessel less pervious to water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeramicThe discovery and development of ceramics in numerous shapes, form and materials, revolutionised the world.White ceramic container, glazed with single groove around circumference near lipNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, ceramics