Historically this ledger not only details the legible hand writing of this era but also the day to day commercial activity in this region. The neatness and the diligence of those who were required to pen the information was a requirement by all who were in commercial trade. Emphasis on neatness was ingrained in students at a young age. This era was well before general typewriters and computers. Generally all students of commerce required an accuracy in writing and arithmetic. Neatness and order were a selection requirement This item clearly identifies the Kiewa Valley as having a substantial financial hub to accommodate the various commercial enterprises within a rural environment Circa 1880's. Although Kiewa Valley had mining, agriculture, cattle and sheep it was also composed of a mixed society, encompassing all levels of society at that period. It identifies some family farming history in the specific year of 1897Leather reinforced corner covers and spine. Remaining book front and back covers are protected by blue weaved cloth. The covers are very thick cardboard, in layers. Missing front index pages C,E - 0,Q,T,U,V,XSpine of book marked in faded golden print "Ledger". First page in hand writing "Ledger No. 5" and underneath handwritten "Commenced Jan 1st !897" After the index pages each page (double sided) has a page number stamped in black and is 6mm highledger, early bookkeeping, local history, commerce circa 1890

The following is an extract from Warrnambool and District Historical Society Website which explains briefly the Great Exhibition of 1896-97 The Great Industrial and Art Exhibition in Warrnambool in 1896-97 was an exciting affair for the town and the surrounding area. People came from far and wide to be enlightened, educated and entertained, with 70,000 visitors passing through the doors during the three months of the exhibition. Not bad for a town with a population of only 6,500 and a further 9,200 living in the surrounding shire! Planning began at a public meeting attended by 60 people in May 1896 and the exhibition opened in December the same year on the site of the current Light House Theatre. The architects submitted plans for four annexes, complete with turrets, a fernery and a giant flagpole. The site covered 1 acre and included a Marine court, industrial exhibits, an education court, defense and agriculture court, stalls, coach builders, dairy show, an art court and provision for a smorgasbord of various entertainment. (The Story of the Warrnambool Industrial & Art Exhibition 1896-97- E O’Callaghan) This certificate was one of many awards for competency and /or excellence in a wide range of activities and skills. Warrnambool Industrial & Art Exhibition 1896-1897 Competitions-Piano forte solo Gertrude Lewin- prizewinner W J Hickford- Mayor E Lyle Rossiter As a link to one of the biggest events ever held in Warrnambool this item has significant value to the history of Warrnambool. It has social significance also linking a number of names related to the event. Rectangular cardboard. pale cream and aqua background, multi linear gold and deeper aqua border with rounded and right angled corners. An interior border has a swag, linear vertical ribbons with four emblems related to science, labour, arts and industry. Four local black and white photographs, the town council crest and town officials, patron and councillors. An inscription of the prizewinner, event and signatures is written in a cream square in the middle of the certificate.Warrnambool/Industrial & Art Exhibition Opened Dec 21st 1896/ By the Chief Justice of Victoria/ Sir John Madden, K.C.M.G. upper L corner. Closed March 19th 1897/ By the Mayoress of Warrnambool/ Mrs WJ Hickford 'First Order of Merit/ Awarded to Gertrude Lewin/ of Parkville/ for Piano forte Solo (under 15) Signatures of WJ Hickford, President and E Lyle Rossiter, Secretary gertrude lewin, wj hickford, e lyle rossiter, the great warrnambool exhibitiion, warrnambool, pianoforte

''History of Bendigo Saleyards''. This document is comprised of a paper titled 'Going, Going, Gone'' and as a history of the saleyards, appears to have been written /authorized by Mr John Quinlan (Convenor, Historical Field Day Committee, Department of Agriculture) see covering letter from C C Campbell, City Engineer. Covers history from 1861; reference to abattoirs on site; railway spur; Country Roads Board; Wellsford Forest site; Marong site. Other part of document is a list of various dates with short description of activity for that year from 1861 to September 1984 - this list is by M (Malcolm) Styles of City Engineers Department. Reference to Bendigo East Bowling Club; Bendigo East Swimming Pool.Mr John Quinlanbendigo, business, bendigo saleyards, mr a.m. lloyd, bendigo east bowling club, bendigo east swimming pool.

Small's Chocolate Showbag. One side yellow, black and white writing, at the centre a chocolate box with a picture of a man sitting on a chair with a newspaper and the words small's club chocolate for men - Not so sweet. On the other side the same picture but the writing is in yellow, red and white.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

Hoadley's showbag. The bag is in yellow, purple, black and white. On one side from the top the words: to eat, to eat - Hoadley's. At centre in big lettering: Violet Crumble and underneath in smaller letters: luncheon Bar and Polly waffles. On the other side the top is the same, followed by Polly Waffles and under that luncheon bar and tex bar. There are 8 of these bags in different conditionsbusiness, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

Allen's showbag. The bag is blue, red and white. The perfect peppermint, a tube of steam rollers lollies and under Allen's sweets are good sweets. The same design is on both sides.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

O-So-Lite self raising flour showbag. The bag is quite simple in design with the words O-So-Lite self-raising flour in blue on a white background. Both side of the bag are the same. There are four bags in different conditions.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

Reed's showbag. The design is in blue and red on a white background. On one side Try R.L.O. reed's Lemon and Orange. the new fruit juice cordial. there is a picture of two oranges and two lemons on the right hand side. on the other side the same picture and the words: reed Bros. Bendigo Lemonade, three times winner at Royal Melb. Show. Tomato sauce 14 1st prizes, 3 Championships, 3 gold medal. Phone: Bendigo 471. There are three identical bags.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

Rowntree showbag. The bag design is in yellow, red, blue, orange, black and white colours. On one side the words: Good show! there's nothing as nice as Crispin Rowntree, underneath a picture of the Rowntree's Crispin bar. On the other side the words: have a break, have a Kit Kat Rowntree, underneath a picture of the Kit Kat bar.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper bag. The design is in red, yellow and white. the words McAlpin's flour, quality since 1900. The picture of a wheat sheaf is on the right hand side. The same design on both sides of the bag.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper showbag of Cohn's Drinks. The bag has diagonal red and white strips. In the middle the words in red: Cohn's Drinks. The same design on the back.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper showbag. It has a yellow background, at the top and bottom two waves strips in red, white and blue. At the left the words: ETA (in red and blue), salted Peanuts (in black), Crisp and Crunchy (in red). At right a picture of a packet of the salted peanuts. On the other side the same design with the words: ETA (in red and blue), Peanut Butter (in black), To-day (in white over red background), builds champions of ..... (in black) To-morrow (in white over red background). At right a picture of a boy in swimming costume ready to dive in and an older youth swimming.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities

A paper showbag. The design is in red and blue colours over a white background. On one side the words: Your Baby Loves Heinz Baby Foods, there is a drawing of a baby face and two cans o food, one Heinz junior foods the other Heinz strained foods. The number 57 in blue at bottom right. On the other side the faces of two youths a boy and a girl and the words: Easy as winking! mix yourself a beaut drink of Heinz-Ade, 1 small packet makes 4 big pints of refreshing drink! Orange, Lemon, Raspberry, Lime, Fruit Cup, Ginger Beer.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper showbag, red words over a white background: Four Square the greatest name in groceries. The same design on both sides.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities

A paper showbag, white and blue colours over white background. Sennitt's (red letters) Ice cream (blue letters) above a picture of a cone ice cream and a polar bear licking an ice cream cone. The same design on both sides.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper showbag. A colourful bag yellow background with design and words in white, red, green and black. On top left what looks like a three towers castle, the words giant Brand Licorice at centre and on the left the picture of a giant handing a packet of licorice to two children (a boy and girl) underneath the words: pure and wholesome. The same design on both sides. There are two bags.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities

A plain white paper showbag. The word Woopey's across in red text. No other markings on the bag. There are two bags.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper showbag. A mainly green showbag with a black and white design, within a square made of black and white lines and 8 smiling faces of what appear to be an African or aborigine youth, we read: delicious soft eating Licorice and licorice all sorts. There is also a design of 7 stick figure holding a spear and dancing around a camp fire. Underneath the square the words: " Good Pfella Licorice" Packed by tafes sweets, Strathpine QLD. The same design on both sides.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

A paper bag. Plain white and blue diagonal stripes, in the middle a square with " Fred J. Corrigan, Chemist, 239 Mitchell street, Bendigo. Telephone: Bendigo 35126. The other side is plain white.business, retail, advertising, business advertising usually found at agricultural shows and other promotional activities.

This resource has been developed to assist teachers in bringing the topic of bushfoods and biodiversity into the curriculum. It is aimed at providing non-Aboriginal students (but does not preclude Aboriginal students from taking part in these activities) curriculum linked hands-on activities designed to introduce them to the world of Aboriginal bush foods.B&w illustrations, tablesenvironmental education, sustainable agriculture, natural resource management, sustainability, koori plants, curriculum development, classroom activities

Children used wooden rulers, before plastic rulers were manufactured, during their lessons. Sometimes they were given away in 'showbags' at Agricultural Shows. This is why some have advertising on them.A piece of wood measuring 12 inches (imperial) or 30 cms, marked on both side for use in different measuring activities at school.ruler, school, education, george evans collection

Note by T.H. Kneen February 1991, "One of many photos taken for display/publicity purposes to illustrate student learning activities."Black and white photograph. Students L-R: Margot George (1951), Peter Smith (1951), Rosemary Hamley (1950), ? Wooden boxes made by the students to preserve their collections.margot george, peter smith, rosemary hamley, students in class, publicity, entomology

Letter describes the writers' meeting with Mr W H Irvine of the 'Bay of Islands' and his time working on the farm.Significant as the letter describes day to day activities on the farm just after the first world war. It also provides an impression of the personality of Mr Irvine. There is some description of the area at the time and Mr Lind included copies of some photos of the Bay of Island scenery.Photocopy of three page typed letter from Mr Henry A Lind, from Lindfield NSW, dated 4th Nov 1987, with a handwritten note at the end.bay of islands, peterborough, agriculture, henry a lind, w h irvine, returned soldier ww1

The Bessiebelle Sheepwashes and Yards complex is located on the former 14,000 acre Ardonachie Run, established in 1848 by pastoralist Samuel Gorrie, then carrying 6,000 sheep. In 1864 this run was subdivided into smaller runs, and the sheep washes were located within Mount Eccles and Lake Gorrie Run. The date of construction of the washes and walls is not known, although they were probably constructed within the period 1848-1864. The Bessiebelle Sheepwashes and Yards are probably the largest and most sophisticated surviving example of a traditional pastoral property sheepwash in Victoria. They clearly demonstrate the large network of races, yards and folds necessary for washing thousands of sheep over a short period of time. The Bessiebelle sheep washes apparently predate later technological changes and the necessity for hot water washing. The Bessiebelle sheepwashes and yards are of landscape significance as a cultural landscape which has been both modified by, and cleverly adapted to, an annual process that was of critical importance within the pastoral calendar. The drystone walls and races appear to evolve from the rocky terrain, and have a strong organic affinity with the prevailing harsh landscape. The drystone walls demonstrate a high level of craftsmanship and skill in their construction, and reflect the extensive scale of pastoral operations across the landscape. The Bessiebelle sheepwashes and yards are of archaeological significance to the State of Victoria. The site has not been fully surveyed but its complexity strongly suggests a potential to reveal more about the washing processes and associated pastoral occupation and activity in the area.(Heritage Victoria)drystone, bessibell, sheep race, sheep wash, agriculture