Yields information about the method of advising the City of Ballarat and the Borough of the planned closure of the tram system and the actual advice provided.Letter - four foolscap sheets, each with rounded corners, addressed to the Town Clerk, City of Ballarat and the Borough of Sebastopol, dated 1/2/1962, signed by the Secretary of the SEC D H Munro, advising Councils that the SEC no longer would support the tramways and that the propose to abandon them. Gives a history of the SEC involvement, finances, poor fare returns, time for the TRB to arrange bus replacement, future of the employees, includes Bendigo and Eaglehawk. Fourth sheet lists 11 years of finances and losses. With numbers of passengers carried.Date stamped 2/2/62 and has file number in the top right hand corner in ink.trams, tramways, closure, staff, sec, ballarat, city of ballarat, borough of sebastopol

Newspaper cutting - Bendigo Advertiser - Wednesday 16/9/1970 tilted "Our trams will go - buses to take over next year" about the tabling of the SEC Notice to abandon or abolish the tramways in both Ballarat and Bendigo. Notes the intention for concession fares on the buses, actual fares, revised bus routes, subsidy from the SEC to the Transport Regulation Board (TRB) for concession fares for a period of five years and service frequency. Has a photo of a single trucker at Charing Cross. Quotes the Minister for Fuel and Power - Mr. Balfourbendigo, transport regulation board, closure, buses, fares, sec

Handwritten extract from the Bendigo Advertiser 27/12/1910 Page 2. ''The Victoria Quartz, having deepened its shaft to 4,614 feet, had to abandon sinking on account of an inrush of water from the flooded mines to the south on the line. The influx occurred on the 15th of June, and notwithstanding that baling has been carried on almost constantly the company has failed to get the water out. It appears that the deep ground will have to be abandoned, owing to the absence of some proper scheme to cope with the water.'' Albert Richardson Mining History Collection.document, gold, drainage problems, drainage problems, new chum line drainage problems 1910, bendigo advertiser 27/12/1910 page 2, victoria quartz, albert richardson

The Ballarat Tachers' College is a predecessor institution of Federation Universoty Australia.1) Folded printed cream card with a message from the Ballarat Teachers' College principal W.H. Ellwood, and a balance sheet. Hon. A copy of a circular by Secretary W. Ian Young relates to the abandonment of the 1937 reunion due to the exceptional circumstances under which Infantile Paralysis rapidly spread throughout Melbourne, and the public opinion in Ballarat. .2) Foolscap typed circular re subscription payment .3) Blue printed document of 1937 Ballarat Teachers' College Ex-Students Association Office bearers and committee of year representatives, and a circular ot ex-studentsballarat teachers' college, reunion, ballarat teachers college ex-students, ballarat teachers' college exies, mcnaughton, john mcnaughton, ellwood, polio, infantile paralysis, r.r. watson, w. ian young, d.m. millman, t.j. ryan, j.c. creer, f.j. fiscalini, r.j. gowan, a.h. hatfield, t.a. taylor, e.m. crimmins, w.j.braden, s.c. hender, c.n. wishart, m.i. connolly, k.s. clarke, h. barton, m.c. campbell, j.m. tomlinson, a.m. kerr, d. millman, j.c. warrick, c.v. merlin, l.e. krause, p.g. law, law, g.g. mitchell, a.h. bryant, h.j. parker, r.p. warriner, e.o. jones, m. skene, j.h. mcnaughton, j. heard, e. mcinerney, w.i. young, l. merlin, n.v. cocks, g.c. ingpen, ingpen, r, mclean, t.m. stuart, r.s. southwell, g.c. mcleod, a.g.walter, v.t. bellingham, bellingham, r. row, a.m. giles, n. parkan

Originally known as Smith's Siding, in November 1914 the siding was renamed "Pettits" following the sale of a nearby mill to the north. The sawn timber was initially carted out by bullock wagon but the mud and slush caused such difficulties that Pettits caused a thirty chain incline to be built from the mill to a tramway. The tramway connected the mill to the railway until 1924. An annual average of 2,450 tonnes of timber was despatched from the siding. No provision was made for passenger traffic. After ten years Pettit Brothers had cut out the area and moved on, abandoning the siding which was put out of commission on 23 September 1924. However, local residents, not wishing to suffer the loss of railway facilities, managed to have the siding reopened in February 1925 for goods and passengers. It was lightly patronised until all traffic ceased in 1936. B/W. Sam Knox, timber loader and tallyman, and George Pritchard, a teamster, resting at Pettit's Siding after delivering a six-horse-drawn load of timber to the Siding. Stacks of wood awaiting transport by rail are in the background.pettits siding; wyelangta; railways; smith's siding; sam knox; george pritchard;

When George Coop and wife Helen following several years teaching in Canada, they bought a passage aboard the Wilhelmsen line cargo ship, Tomar departing Oslo, Norway for Melbourne, Australia. Whilst crossing the Bass Strait near Robe, South Australia, a generator in the engine room caught fire threatening the ship's fuel oil tanks, forcing the Captain to order the 43 crew and 8 passengers to abandon ship. They spent many hours in a lifeboat before being rescued. This photo was taken when the ship was brought up to Victoria Docks (No. 26 South Wharf) where George and other passengers were allowed to retrieve their luggage. The ship was then taken to Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping. See also https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/media/tomar.450919/ http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2726028 http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2961287 https://www.flickr.com/photos/wheelhouseno/8131145299Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Kodak Plus-X Pan black and white negative transparencygeorge coop collection, tomar (ship), victoria docks, wilhelmsen line

When George Coop and wife Helen following several years teaching in Canada, they bought a passage aboard the Wilhelmsen line cargo ship, Tomar departing Oslo, Norway for Melbourne, Australia. Whilst crossing the Bass Strait near Robe, South Australia, a generator in the engine room caught fire threatening the ship's fuel oil tanks, forcing the Captain to order the 43 crew and 8 passengers to abandon ship. They spent many hours in a lifeboat before being rescued. This photo was taken when the ship was brought up to Victoria Docks (No. 26 South Wharf) where George and other passengers were allowed to retrieve their luggage. The ship was then taken to Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping. See also https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/media/tomar.450919/ http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2726028 http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2961287 https://www.flickr.com/photos/wheelhouseno/8131145299Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Kodak Plus-X Pan black and white negative transparencygeorge coop collection, tomar (ship), victoria docks, wilhelmsen line

She was among many Allied merchant ships who escaped to Britain rather than be interned in occupied countries in World War II. Together with Holland America Line's Nieuw Amsterdam she served in the Allied cause. She was then chartered to the British Ministry of War Transport and put into service. Under the terms of the charter the flag and crew would remain Dutch. Volendam was assigned to the Children's Overseas Reception Board, a British Government scheme introduced in 1940 to evacuate UK school children overseas. She sailed from Liverpool on Thursday 29 August 1940 as one of 33 ships in Convoy OB 205. On 30 August 1940 whilst several hundred miles off Malin Head, Northern Ireland and heading into the Atlantic, she was attacked about 2300 hrs by the German submarine U-60, firing two torpedoes that hit No. 1 hold and damaged and caused flooding in No. 2 hold. Captain Wepster then gave the order to abandon ship, and despite rough seas all 18 lifeboats got away safely.In 1947 she was used in the Australia emigrant service and in June 1948 made her first Rotterdam – Quebec sailing for the Netherlands government with capacity for 1,500 single class passengers. On Tuesday October 17, 1950 she departed Rotterdam for Sydney, arriving 6-weeks and 1 day later at her destination on Wednesday November 29, 1950. She brought with her a ship-load of (mainly Dutch) immigrants, all eager to forge new lives in Australia. In September 1948 she started her first Rotterdam – New York sailing and commenced her last voyage on this route in February 1951.A framed oil painting of the MV Volenda,Volendammv volendam, migrant ships, troop ships, u boat attack

Kurt WEBB United States of America Lives Chicago Webb draws his driving force in life and artistic vision from consequential discoveries he makes, while deliberately preferring less ordinary paths to his destinations. Inspirational methodologies in art history including the Dance of Death, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Ship of Fools and Woodcut Novels are cornerstones of his artwork. In 1988, during a visit to Australia, while viewing a small porcelain woodfired bowl and teapot by Australian artist Gwyn Hanssen Pigott, Kurt Webb decided to abandon his desire to make functional pottery. He realized that Piggott’s clay work was beyond comparison or emulation and was impossibly inimitable. In 2015, inspired by using impeccably made, functional commercial tea ware, Webb decided to give pottery making a second chance. As a result, Webb’s new functional work acknowledges traditional influences while he pursues individuality through eclectic subject matter, meticulous construction, and decoratively glazed surfaces–all produced within a contemporary context. A tall vessel with a house and figures at the top.kurt webb, jan feder memorial ceramics collection, ceramics, gippsland campus, sculpture

Yield information and demonstrates the SEC's attitude to trams in Bendigo and their finances.Report 15 Foolscap sheets, duplicated and three attachments, was stapled in the top left hand corner, titled "Evidence to be given at the inquiry into Public Transport Facilities at Bendigo" Presented 28/5/1968. Details the history of the Bendigo system, take over by the SEC and the conditions of that take over by the SEC, reconstruction, financial losses incurred by the SEC, decline in passengers, its suitability, condition of the infrastructure and rolling stock. Its unsuitability to extend, effectiveness of the Geelong conversion, ability of private bus operators, tramway employees, methods of abandonment, tram tracks, overhead and impact on the electricity supply system. Has a table showing the income and losses and population from 1935 to 1967, a coloured graphical presentation of tramway statistics, sheet of Fares and Charges for Ballarat. Attached to the rear of the document was an advertisement for Ballarat Tramways fare sections (See Reg Item 8039) See Reg Item 8046 for a separate map which may have been part of this report. trams, tramways, reports, closure, bendigo, history, buses, submissions

Yields information about the 1962 proposal of the SEC to closure the Bendigo tramway system and notes the impact on the city, with references to Ballarat and Geelong.Newspaper - The Bendigo Advertiser, Saturday 3/2/1962, 14 broad sheet pages, with the main headline ""SEC Says it will abandon the trams" about the notice given in Parliament the previous day by the Minister for Electrical Undertakings Mr. Reid following notice by the SEC. Includes the text of a letter to the City of Bendigo, by the Secretary of the SEC, Mr. D. H. Munro. Has an editorial titled "Let 'em Walk", a photo of the No. 2 en route to Eaglehawk at Charing Cross and further article reporting on comments from four civic leaders "Lost City Without Trams". Quotes two local MLA's - L. W. Galvin, C.P. Stoneham, Cr. W. Mathrick of Eaglehawk and the K.H. Gordon,Chamber of Commerce. Notes impact on the city, Ballarat and Geelong bus system. See Reg Item 6950 for the Ballarat The Courier Report. Full copy of the newspaper collected for style and adverts - has a Briquette advert on page 14.sec, closure, bendigo, parliament, eaglehawk, geelong, ballarat

Matron (Major) Olive Dorothy PASCHKE No VX38812 enlisted in the AAMC on 3.8.40 age 35 years. Promoted to Matron 8.1.1941, posted to 10th AGH on 11.1.1941, embarked for Malaya 3.2.1941 disembarking 18.2.1941, awarded the RRC 1st Class 1.1.1942 in the New Years Honors list signed by Gordon Bennett, detached to 2/4th CCS on 6.1.1942, embarked from Singapore 12.2.1942 for Australia. She was serving in Singapore when the Japanese invaded. She with many other Nurses during the bombing left on the ill fated "Vyner Brooke" which was later bombed by the Japanese in the Sundra Straits near Banka Island. Abandoning the ship she and 5 other Nurses drifted away on a raft and never seen again on 14.2.42. Many others became POW,s, drowned or murdered by the Japanese. Her records state believed killed on or after 11.2.142 dated 8.6.1944 then Now reported missing and for official purposes presumed dead, dated 11.4.1945. Records state she was granted the promotion of Major in 1943. CCS (Casualty Clearing Station) RRC ( Royal Red Cross) AGH (Australian General Hospital)Five page "order of service" re the unveiling of a memorial to "Matron O.D. Paschke RRC AANS 10th Australian General hospital." at the Dimboola Memorial High school." A sepia tone photo of O.D Paschke is stapled inside the order of service." printing is in blue & Brown. Front page has the Australian coat of arms at the top.documents - pamphlets, religon - christian, paschke, pow

Captain John E D White, Australian Army Training Team in Vietnam (AATTV) took over command of 11 Mobile Strike Force (Mike Force) Company in Da Nang, Vietnam, in February 1968. He was 26 years old. The 2 NVA Division was moving from Laos into South Vietnam and his mission was to establish contact with the division and trace its movements south. In mid-March the company was air lifted to the Special Forces camp of Kham Duc, near the Laotian border. They used an old French Foreign Legion fort as a temporary base from which patrols could be sent out. White called it Ngok Tavak after a nearby mountain. Initially, patrols failed to find the enemy, but in late April a patrol clashed with the enemy. At the same time, White received intelligence that the NVA division was closing in. At night they could hear explosions in the distance heading toward them. White decided their best chance was to leave the fort and take to the jungle to adopt guerrilla tactics. However, in the meantime a platoon of United States Marine Corps artillery arrived bringing with them two howitzers and a stockpile of ammunition. To abandon the fort was to abandon the guns. White contacted Da Nang, explaining the predicament, and was ordered to remain where he was. A Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) platoon was sent to reinforce his numbers. This was a para military force comprised mainly of indigenous highlanders, trained by United States Special Forces. They also brought with them two mortars and their crews. At 3.15am on 10 May 1968 some members of the CIDG chose to assist the NVA to attack the fort instead of supporting Mike Force, and close hand to hand fighting followed, along with grenade attacks and heavy machine gun fire. Air support offered a brief respite from the NVA attack, and some NVA forces were pushed back outside the perimeter by counter attacks, but at 9am White contacted Da Nang to advise that his position was untenable. A second attack was imminent and they could not withstand it, so they would have to withdraw. The wounded were evacuated by helicopter (under orders from Major Mai, the NVA had not attacked the previous medical helicopters that collected the wounded under the cover of air strikes) and at 1pm the rest of the force evacuated east, into the jungle. The NVA did not notice their withdrawal, and continued mortar attacks on the fort for another ninety minutes. Seven kilometres from the fort White called for a helicopter withdrawal of his forces. The force was successfully lifted to Kham Duc and then Da Nang. (Credit AWM)Coloured image of 7 soldiers (5 shirtless) posed on the edge of a foxhole with jungle in background. L-R Willie Swicegood (USA), John White (AATTV-Aus), Ken Benway (USA), Frank Lucas (Aust), Clay Aitkins (USA), Glenn Miller (USA), Don Cameron (Aust)john white, aattv, battle of ngok tavak

Captain John E D White, Australian Army Training Team in Vietnam (AATTV) took over command of 11 Mobile Strike Force (Mike Force) Company in Da Nang, Vietnam, in February 1968. He was 26 years old. The 2 NVA Division was moving from Laos into South Vietnam and his mission was to establish contact with the division and trace its movements south. In mid-March the company was air lifted to the Special Forces camp of Kham Duc, near the Laotian border. They used an old French Foreign Legion fort as a temporary base from which patrols could be sent out. White called it Ngok Tavak after a nearby mountain. Initially, patrols failed to find the enemy, but in late April a patrol clashed with the enemy. At the same time, White received intelligence that the NVA division was closing in. At night they could hear explosions in the distance heading toward them. White decided their best chance was to leave the fort and take to the jungle to adopt guerrilla tactics. However, in the meantime a platoon of United States Marine Corps artillery arrived bringing with them two howitzers and a stockpile of ammunition. To abandon the fort was to abandon the guns. White contacted Da Nang, explaining the predicament, and was ordered to remain where he was. A Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) platoon was sent to reinforce his numbers. This was a para military force comprised mainly of indigenous highlanders, trained by United States Special Forces. They also brought with them two mortars and their crews. At 3.15am on 10 May 1968 some members of the CIDG chose to assist the NVA to attack the fort instead of supporting Mike Force, and close hand to hand fighting followed, along with grenade attacks and heavy machine gun fire. Air support offered a brief respite from the NVA attack, and some NVA forces were pushed back outside the perimeter by counter attacks, but at 9am White contacted Da Nang to advise that his position was untenable. A second attack was imminent and they could not withstand it, so they would have to withdraw. The wounded were evacuated by helicopter (under orders from Major Mai, the NVA had not attacked the previous medical helicopters that collected the wounded under the cover of air strikes) and at 1pm the rest of the force evacuated east, into the jungle. The NVA did not notice their withdrawal, and continued mortar attacks on the fort for another ninety minutes. Seven kilometres from the fort White called for a helicopter withdrawal of his forces. The force was successfully lifted to Kham Duc and then Da Nang. (Credit AWM)Black framed glass covered flag. Red material with gold fringe, gold writing with Blackbird in the centre with parachute holding 2 white swords standing on a gold star. 11Co. in gold underneath. Gold plaque mounted under the flag.GUIDON OF 11 COY (NUNG) MOBILE STRIKE FORCE (MIKE FORCE) /5th SF GROUP, 1 CORPS, SVN/ A Significant number of AATTV personnel served with this Nung Company based in Da Nang./ At the end of the Vietnam War, this flag was taken by a former US SF officer and held until/ when it was given to former Captain John "Jed" White (AATTV), CO 11 Coy (Nung), who led/ the MIKE Forces at the Battle of Ngok Tavak on 10 May 1968.battle of ngok tavak, mobile strike force, nung, john white

Captain John E D White, Australian Army Training Team in Vietnam (AATTV) took over command of 11 Mobile Strike Force (Mike Force) Company in Da Nang, Vietnam, in February 1968. He was 26 years old. The 2 NVA Division was moving from Laos into South Vietnam and his mission was to establish contact with the division and trace its movements south. In mid-March the company was air lifted to the Special Forces camp of Kham Duc, near the Laotian border. They used an old French Foreign Legion fort as a temporary base from which patrols could be sent out. White called it Ngok Tavak after a nearby mountain. Initially, patrols failed to find the enemy, but in late April a patrol clashed with the enemy. At the same time, White received intelligence that the NVA division was closing in. At night they could hear explosions in the distance heading toward them. White decided their best chance was to leave the fort and take to the jungle to adopt guerrilla tactics. However, in the meantime a platoon of United States Marine Corps artillery arrived bringing with them two howitzers and a stockpile of ammunition. To abandon the fort was to abandon the guns. White contacted Da Nang, explaining the predicament, and was ordered to remain where he was. A Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) platoon was sent to reinforce his numbers. This was a para military force comprised mainly of indigenous highlanders, trained by United States Special Forces. They also brought with them two mortars and their crews. At 3.15am on 10 May 1968 some members of the CIDG chose to assist the NVA to attack the fort instead of supporting Mike Force, and close hand to hand fighting followed, along with grenade attacks and heavy machine gun fire. Air support offered a brief respite from the NVA attack, and some NVA forces were pushed back outside the perimeter by counter attacks, but at 9am White contacted Da Nang to advise that his position was untenable. A second attack was imminent and they could not withstand it, so they would have to withdraw. The wounded were evacuated by helicopter (under orders from Major Mai, the NVA had not attacked the previous medical helicopters that collected the wounded under the cover of air strikes) and at 1pm the rest of the force evacuated east, into the jungle. The NVA did not notice their withdrawal, and continued mortar attacks on the fort for another ninety minutes. Seven kilometres from the fort White called for a helicopter withdrawal of his forces. The force was successfully lifted to Kham Duc and then Da Nang. (Credit AWM)Coloured image of John (Jed) White, aged 26 arriving at Tan Son Nhut Airport in full uniform, bag straps over left shoulder. Close- up of chest and head with plane visible in the background.AWM - p 11058,001capt john (jed) white, aattv, battle of ngok tavak

Captain John E D White, Australian Army Training Team in Vietnam (AATTV) took over command of 11 Mobile Strike Force (Mike Force) Company in Da Nang, Vietnam, in February 1968. He was 26 years old. The 2 NVA Division was moving from Laos into South Vietnam and his mission was to establish contact with the division and trace its movements south. In mid-March the company was air lifted to the Special Forces camp of Kham Duc, near the Laotian border. They used an old French Foreign Legion fort as a temporary base from which patrols could be sent out. White called it Ngok Tavak after a nearby mountain. Initially, patrols failed to find the enemy, but in late April a patrol clashed with the enemy. At the same time, White received intelligence that the NVA division was closing in. At night they could hear explosions in the distance heading toward them. White decided their best chance was to leave the fort and take to the jungle to adopt guerrilla tactics. However, in the meantime a platoon of United States Marine Corps artillery arrived bringing with them two howitzers and a stockpile of ammunition. To abandon the fort was to abandon the guns. White contacted Da Nang, explaining the predicament, and was ordered to remain where he was. A Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) platoon was sent to reinforce his numbers. This was a para military force comprised mainly of indigenous highlanders, trained by United States Special Forces. They also brought with them two mortars and their crews. At 3.15am on 10 May 1968 some members of the CIDG chose to assist the NVA to attack the fort instead of supporting Mike Force, and close hand to hand fighting followed, along with grenade attacks and heavy machine gun fire. Air support offered a brief respite from the NVA attack, and some NVA forces were pushed back outside the perimeter by counter attacks, but at 9am White contacted Da Nang to advise that his position was untenable. A second attack was imminent and they could not withstand it, so they would have to withdraw. The wounded were evacuated by helicopter (under orders from Major Mai, the NVA had not attacked the previous medical helicopters that collected the wounded under the cover of air strikes) and at 1pm the rest of the force evacuated east, into the jungle. The NVA did not notice their withdrawal, and continued mortar attacks on the fort for another ninety minutes. Seven kilometres from the fort White called for a helicopter withdrawal of his forces. The force was successfully lifted to Kham Duc and then Da Nang. (Credit AWM)A wooden shield painted grey/black celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Battle of Ngok Tavak. There are three messages from mates written in black on the back. The shield was presented to Capt John (Jed) White.Presented to Captain John White, AATTV from the men of the Mobile Strike Force, Danang, Vietnam, 1968.mobile strike force, capt john (jed) white, shield, battle of ngok tavak

Vickers of Sheffield in England manufactured armaments in the WWI period. In the early 1920s commenced manufacturing tractors under license to International Harvester. This tractor was aimed at the Australian market and called the 'Aussie' with the first available in 1925 but lack of sales forced Vickers to abandon tractor manufacture by 1930. This advertisement is part of the Uebergang Collection of rural items given into the care of the Cheese World Museum. . The Uebergang family came from Silesia to Australia in 1848 and were early settlers in the Allansford area. The sons and other descendants also purchased farms in the area. The Percy Uebergang family lived at Tooram Park, Allansford from 1912 until 1992. Percy and Myrtle Uebergang's children were twins, Ray and Joyce born in 1926 who lived at Tooram Park until their deaths, Ray in 1986 and Joyce in 1992 after which the property was sold. Neither Ray nor Joyce married and following the death of her brother Joyce set up the Ray and Joyce Uebergang Foundation which supports the local community. The collection of items from their property was put into store for a number of years before being given into the care of the Cheese World Museum. The family often re-used, recycled and repaired items and examples can be seen in the museum. A4 size advertisement cut from a newspaper showing the Vicker's tractors new features and a drawing of the tractor.Built by Vicker's Ltd/Vicker's Tractors/And Now a Better Vickers than ever.allansford, vickers tractors, tractors, advertisements

The College’s spray was one of the first pieces of surgical memorabilia to come into the possession of the College. It had been used in the Listerian wards of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and was presented , along with some other artefacts, by James Hogarth Pringle in 1930. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) is known as a father of modern surgery. His methods of preventing infection were controversial in their time, but are today recognized as a major advance in the practice of surgery. Lister’s life and achievements are too well known to be recounted here. The definitive biography was written by his nephew, Sir Rickman Godlee (PRCSE 1911-13), and published in 1917. Douglas Guthrie gives an glimpse of Lister at work: “...He never wore a white gown and frequently did not even remove his coat, but simply rolled back his sleeves and turned up his coat collar to protect his starched collar from the cloud of carbolic spray in which he operated...” From advances in bacteriology, and discoveries by Robert Koch and others, it became increasingly evident that airborne bacteria were not a significant contributor to sepsis in surgical wounds. They also demonstrated that the body had its own defences against invading organisms, which were seriously compromised by the effects of the carbolic spray. Gradually the use of the spray was curtailed, Lister himself finally abandoning it in 1887. Lister performed the first antiseptic operation, the dressing and splintage of a compound fracture of the lower leg, in 1865. At this time he used carbolic solution by application, and dressings soaked in the solution. The spray was developed later, after many different methods, including carbolic and linseed oil putty, had been tried in order to reduce the harmful side-effects of undiluted carbolic acid. The steam spray was developed in 1869, and announced to the medical world in 1871. Lister’s purpose in adopting the spray was to kill airborne bacteria in the vicinity of the operation before they could reach the patient. It came to be used all over the world for many years. However, it had serious disadvantages, which even Lister acknowledged. The principal problem was the inhalation of carbolic vapour by everyone in the vicinity, including the patient and the operator. In addition, if the patient had been anæsthetized using chloroform, the gas lights decomposed the vapour into chlorine gas, making any procedure an ordeal of endurance.The spray consists of a steam boiler heated by a wick, a nozzle for the steam to escape, and a glass jar for the carbolic solution. Fuel for the wick is carried in a tank at the base. Valves regulate the pressure of the steam, and the nozzle is adjustable. The boiler is made of cast iron, the fittings are brass, and the handles are of wood. Empty, the apparatus weighs 8 lbs (3.2 kg). lister, carbolic spray, antiseptic

St Nichols' National School, Limerick, Ireland, is near the Adare Church, built on the grounds of good land beside a river where three groups of monks made their home during the Middle Ages. The Church was formerly the Black Friar's Abbey. The monastery was founded by John, Earl of Kildare, in 1315. The name of the old parish church was St Niholas where the school derived its name. On 2 June 1808 the local vestry meeting of the Church decided to abandon the old parish church of St Nicholas, the ruins of which are on the Estate, and the old Black Abbey was restores. The remains of the monasteries of all three orders of monks are in relatively good order still (considering their age) and two of them have been restores for worship. The first is the Trinitarian Abbey, otherwise known as the White Abbey, which is in the centre of the village of Adare. This was once the mother-house of a small influential order which had as its main object the ransoming and redeeming of Christian captives from the Moslems. The second is the ruin of the Franciscan Abbey in the demesne, beside the gold course. The third is the Augustinian Priory or the Black Friars' Abbey founded in 1315 by John, Earl of Kildare. Reference: Adare Church by The Right Reverend R. Wyse Jackson LITT.D., LL.D., D.D., Bishop of Limerick 1961-1970.st nicholas' national school, national school, education, schools, adare, ireland

Stainless steel brackets off the wreck of the Gypsy Moth V, wrecked near the lighthouse on 19 December 1982. These brackets were used to hold wire stays to the mast or bowsprit. The comparatively recent relics have a reliable provenance to the yacht Gipsy Moth V, which ran ashore on rocks under the lighthouse on 18 December 1982. It was the yacht that carried Sir Francis Chichester (1901-1972) on his second world voyage in 1971. While sailing the 19m (63.5ft) vessel in the 1972 Transatlantic Race, Chichester became weakened by cancer and had to abandon the competition and died two months later. His son Giles sailed the yacht back to England. In December 1982 British skipper, Desmond Hampton chartered the yacht for the around the world, single handed race. He had been running second and was nearing the end of the second leg of the competition from Cape Town, South Africa to Sydney when the accident happened. After going to bed he set the yacht on self steering and it wedged itself into a crevice just below the lighthouse and broke up. Everything was salvaged except for the masts and the engine. Twenty five years later, in 2007, items salvaged from the wreck surfaced in regional Victoria in a display of the ‘Gipsy Moth V Collection’, which included wreckage as well as photographs. The information from the ‘Sail World’ website did not provide any further details about the exhibition or its organisers.Two similar stainless steel brackets; half tubes with diagonally protruding flat section with hole at end. End is rounded.

In May 1968, in the western jungle of Vietnam near Laos, led by Australian Captain J White, 11th Mobile Strike Force Company (MSF) occupied an old French fort on a hill named Ngok Tavak tasked with improving allied intelligence-gathering capabilities in the area. However, with enemy activity increasing, on May 4th, 44 US Marines, 35 CIDG (Civilian Irregular Defence Group) and two 105mm Howitzer field guns arrived as reinforcement from the Special Forces base at Kham Duc. By May 9th, Captain White’s company numbered about 200 men. Although in a good defensive position, coming towards them was the Iron Brigade of the 2nd Division of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). At 03:00 on May 10th, the attack on Ngok Tavak began. The NVA, led by Major Dang Ngoc Mai, poured through the entrance at the eastern wall quickly occupying most of the fort. By midday the next day, Captain White had lost 40 Nung soldiers and 11 Marines with over 70 others badly wounded. Realising he could not withstand another attack, Captain White decided to abandon Ngok Tavak. Once the wounded were evacuated, Captain White ordered strike aircraft to blast a ‘corridor’ through the surrounding enemy cordon using napalm. By early afternoon, what remained of the defenders escaped through the ‘corridor’ and helicopters eventually flew them to Kham Duc. Colour image of edge of Ngok Tavak fort with soldiers sitting on & walking around sand-bagged foxholes. Jungle & mountains in background.battle of ngok tavak, john white

In May 1968, in the western jungle of Vietnam near Laos, led by Australian Captain J White, 11th Mobile Strike Force Company (MSF) occupied an old French fort on a hill named Ngok Tavak tasked with improving allied intelligence-gathering capabilities in the area. However, with enemy activity increasing, on May 4th, 44 US Marines, 35 CIDG (Civilian Irregular Defence Group) and two 105mm Howitzer field guns arrived as reinforcement from the Special Forces base at Kham Duc. By May 9th, Captain White’s company numbered about 200 men. Although in a good defensive position, coming towards them was the Iron Brigade of the 2nd Division of the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). At 03:00 on May 10th, the attack on Ngok Tavak began. The NVA, led by Major Dang Ngoc Mai, poured through the entrance at the eastern wall quickly occupying most of the fort. By midday the next day, Captain White had lost 40 Nung soldiers and 11 Marines with over 70 others badly wounded. Realising he could not withstand another attack, Captain White decided to abandon Ngok Tavak. Once the wounded were evacuated, Captain White ordered strike aircraft to blast a ‘corridor’ through the surrounding enemy cordon using napalm. By early afternoon, what remained of the defenders escaped through the ‘corridor’ and helicopters eventually flew them to Kham Duc. Colour image of U.S. soldiers disembarking from a helicopter in a clearing in the jungle. Foreground is rear of two soldiers watching. Background is mountains.united states - marine corps, battle of ngok tavak, john white, ngok tavak

Nillumbik Shire Council transferred to the former Diamond Valley Shire Offices in Greensborough after municipal restructuing. The offices became the official Nillumbik Shire Council Offices on 16 October 1995. The former Shire of Diamond Valley Civic Centre or Shire Office building was officially opened on 26th February 1972. Archtiects were A.K. Lines, McFarlane & Marshall and it was built by L.U. Simon Pty Ltd, The Diamond Valley Shire had been created in 1964 from part of the City of Heidelberg. On December 15, 1994 the Shire of Nillumbik was established. Under the Council amalgamations imposed by the Kennett government, the Shire of Eltham, Shire of Diamond Valley and City of Heidelberg ceased to exist with the establishment of Nillumbik Shire Council and the City of Banyule.The new Nillumbik shire surrended the west riding from Eltham to Banyule but in place gained parts of the former Diamond Valley Shire which itself had been created in 1964 from parts of the City of Heidelberg. Three unelected and non-local Commissioners were put in place by the government bringing democracy into question by many members of the local community. The Commissioners determined to abandon the former Shire of Eltham offices located in Main Road, Eltham and in turn occupy the former Shire of Diamond Valley offices located at the boundary of the new shire with Banyule, in Civic Drive, Greensborough. In July 1996 the Commissioners sold the former Eltham Shire Offices and had them bulldozed leading to many years of communiity protest over the process and future development applications. The site has remained vacant ever since. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p43This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, greensborough, nillumbik shire council offices, civic drive

Historically significant for at the time it demonstrated aspects of the evolution of Ballarat Tramways and yields information about the formation of the tramways, the Councils viewpoint and has a strong association with the Mayor of the time.Twenty two page book, produced by photocopying, side stapled and bound with a red plastic binding, titled "Mayor's Special Report Ballarat Tramways", dated 20 September 1971 for presentation to the City of Ballaarat Council Meeting 27 Sept. 1971 and signed by the Mayor, J.A.Chisholm. Note pages 18 and 19 have been reversed. Comprises: Page 1 - map (image 1829i1) - of Ballarat (Ballaarat) showing the horse tram routes in red (appear to have been drawn in with a red pencil). Note the Sebastopol route terminates at Rubicon St. Page 3 - letter to the City Councillors from the Mayor Page 4 - Outline of the "The Ballarat Tramway System" Pages 5 - 7 - Conditions for tendering the horse tram system within the City of Ballarat" Pages 8 - 11 - Specifications and Agreement for the Ballaarat Tramways (horse trams). pages 12 - 19 - Memorandum of Agreement with the British Insulated Wire Company (later ESCo) Page 20 - Copy of letter from the Secretary of the SEC to the Minister of Fuel and Power, dated 10 Sept. 1971 advising of the formal abandonment of the Ballarat and Bendigo tramway systems. Page 21 - five photos (image 1829i3) of trams in Ballarat, including the bogie tram decorated for the Queens visit, courtesy of Mr. L. J. Denmead, Tramways Superintendent. Page 22 - Plan (image 1829i2) of Ballarat Bus Services, showing route numbers, destinations and existing tramway routes. 3rd copy added 16/7/2010trams, tramways, city of ballaarat, mayor's reports, ballaarat tramway company, british insulated wire company, esco, bus services, sec

James Watkin (1805–86), Pioneer Missionary. James Watkin was born in Manchester in 1805. While still young he felt the call to preach and in 1830 was accepted as a candidate for the Wesleyan Ministry. In the same year he married Hannah Entwistle and they sailed with a missionary party to Tonga. The work of the mission was jeopardised by prolonged and involved struggles between Christian and non-Christian Tongan chiefs; Watkin faced alone the danger of tribal warfare, but the experience left him depressed and exhausted. On his removal with his family to Sydney in September 1837 he prayed for a return home to England. Instead, when John Jones offered a free passage for a missionary appointed to Waikouaiti, where Jones had a whaling station, Watkin was selected for the post and arrived there in May 1840. Here he established the first mission station in the South Island. Watkin found the whaling settlement of Waikouaiti a centre of violence, licentiousness, and drunken depravity. Thoroughly disliking the corrupted Maoris and convinced that they were doomed to extinction, and disgusted by the brutality and vices of his fellow Europeans, Watkin laboured without hope, in the bitterness of exile and with deepening depression and distress. In spite of an abhorrence for his situation he established schools at Waikouaiti and Matanaka, and stationed partly trained Maori teachers at Stewart Island and at Moeraki. He had a natural flair for languages, preached in Maori four months after his arrival, and compiled an elementary reading book to be printed in Ngai Tahu. In November 1840 Watkin was greatly disturbed by Bishop Pompallier's visit to Otago. When, however, this was followed by Anglican intrusion – for Bishop Selwyn visited Otago in January 1844 – Watkin thought of withdrawing his own Maori teachers and abandoning the field. Never reconciled to his position at Waikouaiti, Watkin was relieved by Charles Creed and in June 1844 he sailed for Wellington, leaving 227 church members in Otago. In 1855 Watkin settled in New South Wales, and was president of the National Methodist Conference at Adelaide in 1862. He retired in 1869 and died on 14 May 1886, at Ashfield, New South Wales. 'WATKIN, James', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/watkin-james (accessed 30 Apr 2018) B & W engraving from a photograph of the Rev. James Watkin.Revd. James Watkin, Australia Engraved by J. Cochran from a Photograph.

The photo from 1907-8 is a sepia print, depicting a small valley with building at base. There are flumes visible above areas of water, trees on hills and a few small cottages on the hillside. Cock's Pioneer Gold & Tin Sluicing Co NZ No 2 Site. The photo was taken of Matthews Gully looking west. Sluicing was undertaken in the area from 1900 to 1942 with some short breaks between these periods. The image depicts a location mined by Cocks Pioneer Gold and Tin Sluicing Company (as recorded on the annotation on the card mount) The Cocks Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines N.L was one of El Dorado's two largest open cut sluicing mines of the 20th Century. The other was named the Cocks El Dorado Gold Dredging Company. The Cocks Pioneer Mines operated from 1901 until 1941 and found a total of 117,378 ounces of Gold and 1,673 tones of tin concentrates over these years. The Cocks company was formed in 1898 and operated until 1941. Open cut sluicing involved the use of high-powered hoses which used the centrifugal sand pump system (known as hydraulic sluicing) which broke down the soil which was then processed for gold and other precious metals. From 1914 , four years after this image was captured, the company reformed to Cocks Pioneer Gold and Tin Mines NL (previously it was known as Cocks Pioneer Sluicing Co) and undertook large scale sluicing operations until 1929 and then 1934-1941. El Dorado is located on Reedy Creek and is surrounded by forested country to the north and east. It is 20 km east of Wangaratta in Victoria's regional north-east. John Cock was the son of a Cornish minor who arrived in El Dorado in 1858. Cock founded his gold and tin mining company which ran successfully for many years in the El Dorado region. It was an open cut sluicing company because of the abandonment of underground mining after this was deemed too dangerous. In 1935 Cock's El Dorado Company commissioned the floating dredge which is still visible in El Dorado today. The dredge was built by the Thompson engineering works, Castlemaine, and weighed over 2,000 tones and today has a place on the Victorian Registers of historic buildings. Interestingly, the name El Dorado does not derive from the gold in the region, but from the Barambogie pastoral run completed by William Baker in 1840-1841. Gold was discovered in El Dorado 1854 but the gold was too deep for individual prospectors to find, it required the use of heavy machinery.The search for gold is ingrained into the history of Victoria and therefore, images like this one which portray an open cut sluicing site can reveal important information for society and technology for the date when the photograph was taken. This image is of important historical significance for its ability to convey information about sluicing and the methods used to find gold in 1910. It also shows a location where sluicing was undertook which provides insight into the impact of sluicing on the environment at a time when it was done. This image is important for current research into the history of El Dorado, a small regional location near Wangaratta in Victoria's North East. Therefore, this image has the capacity to be beneficial for research into society and the motivations of those living and working in this region during this period and therefore, has social significance. The Beechworth Burke Museum has additional images relating to gold sluicing and El Dorado which can be analysed and studied alongside images like this one.Sepia coloured rectangle photograph printed on gloss photographic paper Reverse: 1997. 2613/ A02613/ No2 site/ Matthews Gully/ Cocks Pioneer G&T. ?? Co NZ/ No2 Site looking West/ 1907-8/ (7)sluicing, hydraulic sluicing, 1907, 1908, mining, cock's pioneer gold & tin sluicing co nz, nz, site no 2, matthews gully, west, valley, building, cottages, hillside, trees, water, gold and tin mine

The Micro-Professor I Plus (MPF-IP) was a low cost, versatile microcomputer system featuring sophisticated software and hardware capabilities. (MPF-IP) boasted a display panel with the ability to display 20 characters using 16-segment fonts. All 64 standard ASCII characters could be displayed. The operation of the MPF-IP was controlled by an 8k monitor program which resides in the Read Only Memory (ROM). The monitor, aided by 4k Random Access Memory (RAM), enabled the user to enter a comprehensive set of single keystroke commands, making it easier for the user to use the CPU, memory and I/0 devices. This allowed the user to concentrate of microprocessor software development and application design. The system allowed printing at 48 lines per minute, and the ability to permanently record the commands, data, programs, status and other messaged. Each character printed by the printer is in a 5 by 7 dot matrix. Although the prime purpose of the programming was for machine language object code formed as hexadecimal numbers, the Micro-Professor has an embedded Tiny Basic interpreter for which formation of some of the alpha characters using a standard 7 segment display was ingenious. The program memory consisted of non volatile 2 kilobytes electrically programmable ROM whilst the Random Access Memory came with 2 kilobytes of static RAM but could be upgraded to 4 kilobytes by insertion of another chip. The entire memory space of 64 kilobytes was accessible by way of the terminals on the left hand side of the board. Engineering and Science students from the Ballarat School of Mines and the Ballarat College of Advanced Education used a class set (as they were relatively inexpensive at approx. $100 each) during the mid to late 1980s. Student were encouraged to borrow the Micro-Professors in order to assist in learning how to use them. Only one was ever not returned on time. When pressed to return the device the student confessed that his dog had chewed the plastic case. This is still in our collection complete with bite marks! The Micro-Professor used a Zilog Z80 microprocessor. This was the most powerful of the 8 bit microprocessors at the time. Zilog was derived from the Intel 8080 microprocessor. The Z80 had 158 instructions of which the Intel 78 instructions were a subset. The Intel processor continued on through development in the IBM computers as 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486 and later the pentiums. Zilog lost most of its market share when it developed the 16 bit Z8000 microprocessor. Although the microprocessor was excellent, the lack of peripherals caused users to abandon Zilog products. A brown and gold plastic box containing a microcomputer for use in classrooms. Four manuals are titled 'Micro-Professor MPF-IP user's Manual', 'MPF-I Experiment Manual (Software/Hardware)', Micro-professor MPF-IP experiment Manual (Software/Hardware)' and Micro-Professor MPF-I Monitor Program Source Listing.microcomputer, micro computer, micro professor, electronics

This journal provides the reader with glimpses of the adventures and hardships of a seaman's life. Many of the stories are of sailing ships.Contributes to our knowledge of the importance of shipping and places on record those stories of the sea which would otherwise be lost.Contents Foreword - - 5 Editorial - - 9 Steam Tug Wattle - G.C. Hogben - 11 The Legend of the Marco Polo Pride of all New Brunswick - Sponsors of the Marco Polo Restoration Project - 17 Yarra Mud Re-visited - Harrow Morgan - 21 Abandon Ship (in Dry Dock) - T. E. Goldfinch - 33 The Golden Plover Lives Again - Alison Forte - 37 San Pedro Offshore - P.H. Lewis - 41 White Sails in Australian Waters - Late D. McLennan - 45 Barque Polly Woodside - - 52 The Edwin Fox Restoration Picton, New Zealand - - 55 A Gulf Trader - R.N. Thiele - 57 The Great Britain (Poem) - C.E. Bonwick - 65 Singapore for Orders - - 67 Memories of a Master Under Sail The China Coast - Late Captain William Phillip - 71 Junior Marine Radio Officer on the S.S. Iron Flinders - Ellery Teare - 75 Australia’s Oldest Vessel — The Portland Lifeboat - Reprinted from the Journal of Portland Smelter Services Pty. Ltd. - 79 Any port in a Storm - W.P. Shemmeld - 81 A Happy Introduction to Sail - Captain George Molyneux - 87 Restored Ships in Sydney Harbour - Jean Barrie - 89 The Voyage of the Jane Richardson — 1889 Part II - Late E. Binham - 99 Preservation of HMAS Castlemaine. - Peter J. Williams - 103 When Blood Stained the Wattle - Late D. McLennan - 107 Book Reviews - - 112sailing ships, steamships, shipping, seafaring life, shiplovers' society of victoria, dog watch, wattle tug, tug boat