Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basaltwhich is able to withstand repeated impact, and is suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rockThe necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This axe head is an example of an early stone tool used by the Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.aboriginal tool stone-artefact axe-head

Inspected by Joonna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt which is able to withstand repeated impact, and is suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock.The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This axe head is an example of an early stone tool used by the Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head. Finger grips are clear.axehead aboriginal tool stone-artefact

Bertram Avenue Sheir Carey No 49 enlisted in the AIF in A Coy 5th Batt AIF on 17.8.14 age 26 years. Embarked for Egypt 21.10.14, embark for Gallipoli 5.4.15, WIA 26.4.15 GSW to thigh fractured, returns to duty 30.9.15, promoted to CPl 1.3.16, attached to 1st Army Pay Corps 1.9.16, transfers to Australian Flying Corps (AFC) London and posted 30th Training SQD 29.11.17, taken on strength 1st Wing HQ 16.1.18, discharged from the AIF 28.3.19.Framed photo of B.A.S. Carey, No. 49, 5th Battalion AIF and A.F.C. A grainy black and white portrait of an Australian soldier. Bare headed. Hat under his left arm. At least two strips on right sleeve. Frame - stylised black and gold wooden frameTicket on front - B.A.S CAREY NO 49 5 BN AIF and A.F.C. WIA 26 - 4 - 1915.photography-photographs, frame accessories, military history

Nurses Lecture Room c.1948, Ballarat Base Hospital. In the former children's ward, a tutor sister instructs trainees on the intricacies of the human skeleton. Their Examination papers might require an account of the structure of a joint, or of the nursing of fractures treated in 'skeletal traction'. Back Row L-R: Isabelle Brown, Mabele Rogers, Pat Lemon, Enid Murphy Front Row L-R: Gladys Leeden, Eileen Lawrie, Pat McCarthy ?, ?, ?, (maybe Joan Kube, Rita Lloyd, ?) Student nurses with tutor Sister Grace CameronPhoto - black & whitecameron, tutor, student, classroom

Leonard Jordan TRIPP No VX25096 enlisted in the 2nd AIF on 11.6.1940. Posted to 2/21st Bn on 15.7.1940, hospital 23.1.1941 with Fractured Tibula, rejoin unit 29.4.1941, embark for the Middle East 28.6.1941, disembark 25.7.1941, posted to 2/24th Bn 23.8.1941, DOW’s 24.10.1942. His records offer nothing else re wounding or death. He is buried at El Alamein Box Cemetery grave No 8, plot 4, row A, map reference 1/50000- 88602946. Refer also Cat No 2336.8PPhotograph of Len Tripp VX25096 2/24 Battalion A.I.F. in uniform. Slouch hat. Frame is simple wooden design with gold rim.photography-photographs, portraits, military history

The Tobruk Siege Medal is an unofficial award issued by the "Rats of Tobruk" Association in 1977 to troops who were in action during the Siege of Tobruk between April and December 1941. Medal issued posthumously to Corporal Percy Angus KIELY VX48300 Born 30/1/1906 at Wangaratta who served with 2/23 Battalion in the MIddle East and New Guinea. Percy died on 25/4/44 from a fractured skull and brain haemorrhage when struck by a falling limb of a tree on 21/4/44 at Whitfield. The Tobruk Siege Medal is an unofficial award issued by the "Rats of Tobruk" Association in 1977. The Tobruk Siege medal known as the T medal was issued to Australian, British, Indian, New Zealand and Polish troops who were in action during the Siege of Tobruk between April and December 1941. T shape medal in silver metal with cream coloured ribbon with red and light blue strip Tobruk Seige 1941tobruk, t medal, ww2, percy kiely, 2/23rd battalion

The book contains verse in both French and British. The name in black handwriting. Joseph Akeroyd had previous Military service before enlisting in the AIF. Enlisted 11.5.1916 age 33 years 5 months in C Company 38th Bn with the rank of Capt. Embark for England 20.6.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, WIA 27.2.1917 multiple wounds listed. At various times in his records as : GSW face, chin, eye, Right arm, shoulder, fractured Tibia, left leg etc. RTA 21.7.1917, discharged from the AIF 5.2.1917 medically unfit.Book multi coloured hard cover red leather spine binder with 244 pages.Inside on 3rd page, “J Akeroyd Capt 38th Battalion 10th Inf Brigade AIF"books, french, 38th bn, passchendaele barracks trust

Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2/6/2008. Genuine Aboriginal axe head up to 2000 years old. Possibly came through trading from western district. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of the steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt.This stone is able to withstand repeated impact, and and wqas generall used for stone axes. The stone was dug or found and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This axe head is an example of an early stone tool used by the Indigenous people of Victoria.Small grey oval-shaped axe head.axehead stone-artifact aboriginal tool

Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. Ground-edged axes first appeared in south-eastern Australia about 4,000 years ago and were used either with handles or hand-held. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt. This is able to withstand repeated impact making it suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This item is an example of a stone tool used by the early Indigenous people of Eastern australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.axe-head aboriginal tool stone-artefact

Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008 Ground-edged axes first appeared in south-eastern Australia about 4,000 years ago and were used either with handles or hand-held. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt which is able to withstand repeated impact, and so is suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rockThe necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This item is an example of an early axe head used by the Indigenous people of East Gippsland.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.aboriginal tool stone-artefact axe-head

Handwritten copy of mining accident. Wire Ropes in Mines. Accident at Gt. Northern - Bdg'n 8/6/1899 Page 14. Mining Accident at Windmill Hill. Geo. Watson of Cal. Gully was hauling a truck of dirt, and whilst engine was in motion, he started to wipe the crank with a piece of waste. His arm got caught between the conrod & crank and was badly crushed. He managed to free it and stop the engine before the cage got to the wheels. He was taken to hospital. Bones fractured in one or two places. Document from Albert Richardson Collection of mining history. Document from Albert Richardson Collection of mining history.document, gold, windmill hill, windmill hill, mining accident at windmill hill, gt northern, bdg'n 8/6/1899 page 14, geo watson, albert richardson

Harold Thomas Victor George joined the Australian Imperial Force on 19 May 1916. He was 19 years old at the time. In October of 1916, Harold embarked for overseas deployment, arriving in Plymouth in January 1917. In October 1917 he received a gun shot wound and compound fracture to his upper thigh while on active duty. He was hospitalised at Rouen, later transferred to England and, in May 1918, returned to Australia for discharge. Harold's mother, Amelia George, was listed on his attestation papers as his next of kin, with a note that his father was absent. Amelia lived in Murrembeena. It's likely Harold lived with his mother as well, while working on the Victorian Railways. Sepia toned photograph of a man in a World War I uniform, adhered to heavy brown card.Handwritten on reverse: George / 1916 / Bombardier / Harold George / Field Artillery / Brigade / AIF / No. 27511 world war i, military uniform, field artillery

John Preece No 765 enlisted in the AIF on 7.9.1914 in F Coy 12th Batt age 26 years 7 months. Embarked for Eygpt 20.10.1914, embarked for Gallipoli 2.3.1915. Embarked for France 2.4.1916, hospital 4.7.1916 with Fracture of the right hand accident, hospital 9.6.1918 with Influenza, discharged from the AIF 31.1.1919. Enlisted WW11 as No S393 on 12.8.1940, hospital 10.7.1941 with Gastro Enteritis, 23.4.1942 injury to right knee, 27.12.1942 with Pluerisy, 28.5.1943 with Nueritis, discharged from the Army medically unfit 6.9.1943. At the time he was a Sgt in 4 Garrison Batt. A Miner, Alexander John Sundin No 7914 enlisted on 24.7.1917 in 3rd Aust Tunneling Coy age 44 years 8 months. Embarked 21.11.1917, Gassed 10.9.1918, discharged medically unfit 30.1.1919.1.) Medal set, court mounted, set of (5) re J Preece. 1. 1914-15 Star. 2. War Medal 1914-19. 3. Victory Medal. 4. War Medal 1939-45. 5. Australian Service Medal. .2) medal set, court mounted, set of (2) re A.J.Sundin. 1. War Medal 1914-19. 2. Victory Medal..1) "765 DVR J Preece 12 BN AIF. - "S393 J Preece" .2) "7914 SPR A.J.Sundin 3 Tun Coy A.I.F"medals, military, history

Group Reunion c.1981 Back L-R: Pam Fry, Rita Perkins (nee Lloyd), Pat Gardiner (nee McCarthy), Eileen Lawrie, Kay Campbell, ?, ?, ?, ?, Flossie Jones Front L-R: Joan Kube, ?, Mona Bannon, Wilkie, Frances Dean, Glennys Nankervis, ?, Elizabeth Todd Nurses Lecture Room c.1948 In the former children's ward, a tutor sister instructs trainees on the intricacies of the human skeleton. Their Examination papers might require an account of the structure of a joint, or of the nursing of fractures treated in 'skeletal traction'. Back Row L-R: Isabelle Brown, Mabele Rogers, Pat Lemon, Enid Murphy Front Row L-R: Gladys Leeden, Eileen Lawrie, Pat McCarthy ?, ?, ?, (maybe Joan Kube, Rita Lloyd, ?)Hard Copiesgardiner, mccarthy, 1945, pts, graduation, portraits, 1947, mcqueen, fawcett, clohesy, classroom, cameron, reunion, 1981

Dendrites are deposits of black minerals, typically manganese oxides that precipitated from water seeping through fractures in fine-grain rocks like a sandstone or limestone. Dendrites are much less regular than plant fossils and lacks vein structures. The manganese cryztallizes through the process called 'supercooling'. Some samples of dendrites occur in volcanic rocks in the Lilydale district, east of Melbourne. Sandstones are made of tiny sand grains that may have been deposited in the sea and later formed together. Most sandstones are made of quartz which are chemically-resistant minerals. This particular specimen was donated by Alfred Selwyn in 1868 as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria. It is connected to the original 1875 catalogue on Geological Specimen with number 189 'Quartz Crystals_Quartz Crystals (two are polished)'Dendrites on sandstones This specimen is an important contribution to the geological history of Victoria, as well as its links to the 1868 Geological Survey of Victoria. This specimen is part of larger collection of significant geological specimens in the Burke Museum that was collected from around the world between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collection as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria 1852-1974. The Geological Survey of Victoria was an organisation founded in response to the Victorian gold rush to explore the geological and mineral resources and to record a detailed map of the state. It was headed by British geologist, Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), who was responsible for issuing over 60 geological maps during his 17 years as director. These maps were all hand-drawn and coloured and became the benchmark for accuracy for geological mapping. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A hand-sized slice of light brown sandstone with dendrites formed from crystallized manganese oxide.Existing label: Not sure what / 'Slica dondrites' / means. / Sample is sandstone and original label / identifies it as from / the Grampians near Stawell. / C. Willman / 15/4/21 Other label: [illegible] / stone [ illegible] / from Grampians Stawell / 1894 /geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, dendrites, sandstones, quartz, lilydale district, geological survey of victoria, grampians, victoria rocks, minerals, rocks, manganese oxides, alfred selwyn

Newspaper Clipping from "The Post", 13 October,1993, page 1. "Bash witness appeaL"'.Police are appealing for help from anyone who may have seen the baffling attack on a 16 year old Croydon girl near Mullum Mullum Creek. Kate Stammers was assaulted with a baseball bat. She was knocked to the ground and hit repeatedly around the head before being thrown in the creek. She was taken to Maroondah Hospital with a 30 cm gash on the back of her head, before being transferred to the Austin Hospital for treatment for a fractured skull; and bruising to the face and the upper body.

This specimen was donated in 1868 by Alfred Selwyn. Olivine is typically found in basic and ultra-basic igneous rocks around the world, in a variety of colours including yellowish green, olive green, greenish black and reddish brown with a transparent to translucent diaphaneity. The luster of the specimen is vitreous, the luminescence non-fluorescent and when fractured the mineral is very brittle producing small, conchoidal fragments. Chromian diopside is normally found in small sizes as the larger the size of the mineral the darker the colour is, almost black rather than green. Chromium is the element that gives chromian diopside and emeralds their rich green colour. Diopside is found across the world in multiple colours however gem-quality chromian diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and prominent within the jewellery industry as a more affordable substitute to emeralds. Chromium-bearing diopside has been located across Australia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is located across the world found in North America, parts of South America, and across Australia, Africa, Europe and Asia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and is sold as a commercial substitute for emeralds. The stone is often turned into jewellery. This item is one of many geological and mineral specimens that constitute a broader collection obtained from various regions across Australia (as well as some international locales) and generously contributed to the Burke Museum between 1868 and 1880. A significant portion of these specimens originated from Victoria and were acquired as a result of the Geological Survey of Victoria, initiated in 1852 during the Gold Rush era. The primary objective of this survey was to investigate and chart the geological characteristics of Victoria. The procurement of geological specimens played a vital role in advancing our comprehension of the Earth's scientific composition and was instrumental in supporting research and educational institutions throughout Australia, including the Burke Museum, in their efforts to foster further exploration and study. A solid mineral specimen in shades of green, grey and brownburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen

"When Miss Karen Brady, typist of Westgarth St, Northcote, was knocked down by a motor-car at the corner of Heidelberg Road and Fenwick St, Clifton Hill, about midnight on Saturday (3 January 1942), her skull was fractured, and she died in St Vincent's Hospital 4 hours later. She was aged between 45 and 50. Miss Brady was for many years an enthusiastic worker for the Harbour Lights Guild for the Missions to Seamen. She worked there at the canteen many nights during the week, and assisted in many other ways at the mission. Mission officials said yesterday that Miss Brady had been a "splendid worker for the mission". (The Argus, Monday 5 January 1942, page 3) Karen Brady (1886-1942) daughter of Martin John Brady and Evelyn Whitmarsh This window in her memory, "a gift of friends among the seamen and workers of the Mission" was unveiled on the 14 December 1947 by Mrs Oliver, wife of Padre Oliver. Arched windows st peter chapel, flinders street, mission to seafarers, seamen's mission, mission to seamen, st peter, sailors, seamen, stained glass windows, win, memorial chapel, ww2, karen brady, jesus, hlg, typist

Features a photo of a cooking lesson in Electra Hall and the Mayor of Ballarat driving No. 30, following its conversion to the Ballarat style of trams in September the previous year at the time of the inauguration of the new rolling stock. Notes the progress in Ballarat in the last 18 months, reconditioning of the tram lines, the "new" trams, the changeover from DC to AC, new sub-stations, distribution networks and electrical development, including work at the power station. Has an "Important Notice" advising readers of the scope of the Departmental Journal "CONTACT" and its relationship with the social and sporting activities magazine "SEC MAGAZINE". See Reg Item 3011 for a print of the photo of No. 30. Record revised 3/4/2019 to add digital images with those from Andrew Cook CD and to include an item titled "A Page from Geelong" about a fractured pole, two minutes of silence and the impact on power generation and a thankyou letter. Demonstrates the reporting and promotion of SEC activities to its staff and public in Ballarat.Photocopy of an article in the State Electricity Commission of Victoria Magazine, Contact, Vol 1, No. 1, May 1936 titled "Progress in Ballarat". trams, tramways, sec, ballarat, electricity supply, tramcars, power station, electra hall, geelong, poles

During an xray demonstration on 23 July 1896 "Seven patients of the doctors who were present were treated. In each case the patient was suffering from the effects of an old wound or some other injury to other a hand or foot. One patient, a boy had a finger broken some years earlier and when xray plate of the injury was developed it indicated plainly the fracture on one of the joints of the third finger. In another case a woman had a foot had a foot X-rayed and the photograph revealed the seat of an earlier imjury to it. Likewise an injury to the bones of a hand of an elderly man was revealed by an x-ray photograph. Every X-ray photograph that evening showed the importance of this new development in electrical science and the doctors present agreed the "the results of the experiments on their patients, by showing the exact seat of the injury and its present condittion, would materially assist them iin supporting cures." (Warren Perry, The Ballarat School of Mines and Industries Ballarat, p 146.)Pioneer xray of a handx-ray, hand, pioneer xray, xray demonstration, bones

.1) & .2) PERCY MCIVOR MM No 749 enlisted in the AIF in B Coy 38th Batt on 20.2.1915 age 21 years 5 months. Embarked for England 20.6.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, awarded the Military Medal 26.2.1917 in the Armentieres Raid, WIA 21.5.1917 GSW left forearm, returned to Australia and was discharged medically unfit on 16.11.1917. .3) ARTHUR THOMAS HALL No 744 enlisted in the AIF in B Coy 38th Batt 0n 22.2.1915 age 32 years 5 months. Embark for England 20.6.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, hospital 24.12.1916 with Diarrehoea, discharged from the AIF on 27.7.1919. .4) WILLIAM PETER MOWAT No 748 enlisted in the AIF in B Coy 38th Batt on 8.2.1915 age 20 years. Embark for England 20.6.1916, embark for France 22.11.1916, WIA 8.12.1916 GSW’s legs and fractured right tibia, discharged medically unfit 2.7.1917. All 3 were from the small town of Tragowel near Kerang Vic..1) Black & white photo of WW1 private in uniform, full body shot. .2) Black & white photo WW1 in uniform. .3) Sepia tone photo WW1 in uniform. .4) Sepia tone photo WW1 full body shot in uniform..3) “Arthur Hall” on the back. .4) “Will Mowat”photo, ww1, soldiers

Reginald Joseph McCULLOUGH No 2203 enlisted in the AIF in 15th reinforcements 3rd LHRegt on 15.11.1915 age 28 years 7 months. Embarked for Egypt 16.3.1916, transfers to Artillery Details 15.5.1916, embark for England 28.6.1916, attached to 5th Div Artillery, embark for France 4.9.1916, transfer to 14th FAB 11.10.1917, WIA 2.11.1917, SW to right leg fracture, rejoin unit 19.7.1918, hospital 25.10.1918 with Cellulitis left knee then classified as Synovitis, transfer to AHQ 9.12.1918, hospital 20.12.1919, died Grove Military hospital England classed as Excema and Syncope 30.12.1919. William Francis McCULLOUGH No 2863 enlisted in the AIF in 6th reinforcements 24th Battalion on 12.7.1915 age 21 years. Embark for Egypt 27.10.1915, transfer to 7th Bn 24.2.1916, embark for France 26.3.1916, hospital 18.6.1916 Dental, rejoin unit 25.6.1916, hospital 4.11.1916 with Diarrehoea, rejoin unit 9.11.1916, hospital 22.4.1917 (unclear) rejoin unit 13.5.1917, transfer to 1st Aust Div Signals, discharged from the AIF 28.7.1919.WWI Brothers - W F McCullough & R J McCullough. Frame, tan wooden, glass front, cardboard backing. Certificate, painted, coloured with a photo of each brother inserted.On certificate: TWO MEN WENT FORTH FROM THIS HOME W F McCullough 1915 R J McCullough 1914 On sticker at bottom of glass: WORLD WAR I BROTHERS Donated by J E Wilesdocuments - certificates, frame accessories

Friedrich William Kroschel (Fritz) was born 3rd March 1896(?) in Natimuk, Victoria. His parents were Friedrich August and Dorothea Martha Kroschel. After passing the medical examinations and the loyalty test applied to all German descendants, he went to Melbourne as Private F.W. Kroschel, Regimental No 6351. 1 Company 18th Re-enforcements, 23rd Battalion. 6th Infantry Brigade. He left Australia in November 1916 on a ship and went through Durban, Sth Africa. He was wounded during the battle of Ypres, Belgium and succumbed to his wounds (fractured skull) on the 25th September 1917. He is buried in Mont Huon Cemetery, near Le Treport, Seine-Maritime, France. On his grave is inscribed: "BE THOU FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH AND I WILL GIVE THEE A CROWN OF LIFE". The portrait was presumably completed from a photo taken in Mendelssohn photographic studio in Melbourne before he left for the war. His fiancé was named Dora. AHS has a significant collection of items from this soldier. He was a local man who lost his life in WW1. He died of his wounds in 2nd Can: Cas: Hospital, Le Treport and is buried in Mont Huon Cemetery, near Le Treport, France. There are a number of items of correspondence to Fred/Fritz from residents in Natimuk, now in the collection of AHS. Black and white portrait drawing of a young Australian soldier in military attire framed in black and golden wooden frame.'Mendelssohn' on picture and on back 'Kroschel?'frederick william kroschel 1896, natimuk, 1st world war, no 6351, wwi, first world war, great war, friedrich august kroschel, dorothea martha kroschel, loyalty test, german, victoria, horsham, wimmera

The "letters to Lillie" show the international nature of the Mission to Seafarers. They are an important display of the handwriting style of the time, revealing courting attempts and give us an insight into life in 1925.Lillie Duncan was a member of the Harbour Lights Guild and this letter forms part of a collection of letters sent to her by different seafarers.Letter addressed to Miss L Duncan, 11 Paxton St, East Malvern, Melbourne, Australia from Ted in three parts: Envelope (0112.1) Letter page 1 (0112.2) Letter page 2 (0112.3). Both the envelope and the letter are creamy yellow in colour with black curly writing. Both sides of each page of the letter are written on. The first page of the letter begins with "Write. c/o Graham Trading Co. Calcutta. cancelled" placed at the top left of the page and "S.S. Matheran Calcutta 28-8-27" placed at the top right of the page. The first line begins with "Dear Lillie, Very many thanks for...". The reverse side of the first page starts "...thickness of solid steel fracturing is it not?". The second page begins with "...be home two months..." and the reverse side concludes with "Hope if you write to me you will use the address below, that will find me. 'Lyndale 117 Greenway Road, Taunton, Somerset, England".The envelope is torn across the top for access to its contents. The address has been typed in black ink. It has one red stamp to the top right hand corner of the envelope with the text "Ceylon 9c". There is also a black ink stamp in the form of several horizontal lines running from top left to top right of the envelope with "Colombo" written in the middle.ss matheran, calcutta, ss mangalore, colombo, ted, lillie duncan, lhlg

A black and white photograph depicting seven men and four women surrounded by tunnel boring machinery. A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can be designed to bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional "hand mining" in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanised areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. The longer the tunnel, the less the relative cost of tunnel boring machines versus drill and blast methods. This is because tunneling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in shortened completion times, assuming they operate successfully. Drilling and blasting however remains the preferred method when working through heavily fractured and sheared rock layers.This photograph is significant as it shows the machinery used and attire worn by men and women during the gold rush era. Black and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperburke museum, mining, beechworth, boring machinery, excavate, gold, gold fields, gold rush, miners

Full name: Robert Sinclair John Mackay, POB Caithness, Scotland. Training notes: "B" is about bearings - navigation. "G" is for guard duty, "H" is for human frame with drawing and notes - skull to toes - bones. "H" is for hemisphere - finding north in north and south hemispheres. "M" Map reading. "Q" Quarter master rules. "R" Road Railway river recon report. "R" .303 Cartridge design and Ballistics. "R" - duties of an R.S.M. "S" - Stretcher drill. Syphilis, Gonorrhea. "ST" is for stables routine. "W" is for words of command, Ambulance formations. At the very back of the book, is a list of numbers in 3 columns. Mackay enlisted on 8.9.1914 No 907 in the 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance, embarked for Eygpt 2.2.1915, embark for Gallipoli 25.10.1915, Hospital 21.11.1915 (just said “Disc”) while in Eygpt he is hospitalised again with Bronchial Pneumonia rejoin unit 2.4.1916, hospital 6.11.1916 with Bruised Thigh, promoted Cpl 18.2.1918, hospital 4.8.1918 with Catarrhal Jaundice, rejoin unit 14.9.1918, promoted Sgt in the field 29.1.1919, hospital 26.4.1919 (unclear), hospital 20.6.1919 with Fractured right Disc, embark for England 23.7.1919, RTA 4.1.1920, Discharged from the AIF 22.2.1920. Pocket sized address book which has been used as a Training Exercise book. The cover is made of dark buckram. Inside are sections labelled A - Z, with lined pages or each section. First page has written in pencil: - “CPL ROBERT S. MACKAY, 907 3rd L.H.F.A. 3rd L.H. Brigade, A.M.D. MOASCAR 2 Jnay 1918”.ww1, lighthorse, training notes, 3rd field ambulance

Alan Kenneth Naismith, VX4838 enlisted in the AIF on 23.10.1939 age 24 years 7 months. Hospital 2.11.39 - 6.11.39 unlisted, posted to 2/7th Bn 6th Division 2nd AIF on 25.11.1939, hospital 2.3.40 - 19.3.40 unlisted, embarked for the Middle East 18.4.1940 arriving 17.5.1940, hospital twice between 31.7.40 - 22.8.40 unlisted, total 11 days, embark for Greece 9.4.1941, return to Middle East late May/June 1941 medical, promoted Cpl 20.7.1941, A/Sgt 14.2.1942, embark for Australia 12.3.1942 arriving 38.3.1942, hospital 9.6.42 - 16.6.42 with Threadworm, embark for New Guinea 13.10.1942, promoted Sgt 29.10.42, revert to Cpl at own request 25.11.1942, hospital with Malaria 18.1.43 - 9.2.43. During the period of August 1st - 5th 1943 at an area called Bobdubi Ridge Alan is awarded the DCM and is WIA on the 5th, GSW to right shoulder, embarks from Pt Moresby 27.9.1943 arriving Cairns 30.9.1943, hospital Malaria 13.2.44 - 10.3.44, accidental injury 6.5.1944 fractured left clavicle, discharged from the Army on 8.9.1944. The Official History of Australia in WW2 states that Sgt Naismith had gained a reputation as a booby trap expert and was interested in these gadgets.The citation is on a light parchment type paper rectangular in shape. Colour is into a fawn with stains and marks from handling. Creases from folding have left several small tears. The rear is blank with sticky tape holding the citation together at the folds.At the top of the Citation is a seal, blue in colour with the words, Govenor - General, Commonwealth of Australia. The centre coat of arms of the seal has fine writing which is unreadable. There are no other markings except for the citation wording itself. “Distinguished Conduct Medal Corporal Alan Kenneth Naismith ( VX4838 )”citation dcm, a.k.naismith vx4838, documents - certificates

The low rolling hills of the Kimbolton countryside consist of ancient, hard and fractured Ordovician rock up to 65 million years old, which was originally deposited deep under the sea. Rocks mainly are sandstone, mudstone, black shale and quartz conglomerates. Marine fossils can be found in the area. Around seven million years ago a basalt flow buried the original bedrock along the along the Campaspe River. Ongoing weathering, wind and water movement over the following years has produced younger clay, sand, silt and gravel deposits throughout the area. Patches of White Hills Gravel are also found in the area. Another unique geological feature of this area is the Permian Glacial Pavement rocks north and south of Eppalock and glacial sediments (such as “Dunn’s Rock” and “Kellams Rock”). During the ice age (up to 280 million years ago) large glaciers moving over the countryside, scoured out sediments, pulverized bedrock, polished and cut grooves into bedrock in the direction of ice movement. When the ice melted boulders etc where left behind in areas of entirely different rock types, such as a 100 Tonne granite block known as ‘The Stranger’ near Derrinal. Dunn's Rock (Glaciated Pavement) Eppalock - Photos of the rock and a field group collecting date with Lake Eppalock (Knowsley) in the backgroundhistory, bendigo, dunn's rock eppalock, kimbolton forest, lake eppalock, gately collection

Long term loan from Neurological Society of Australasia Museum of Neurosurgical Instruments,South Australia. Catalogue with Historical Commentaries Second Edition January 2006 Copy located at RACS MuseumTrumble's Skull Plough or craniotome devised by Hugh Trumble (1864-1962 ) CRANIOTOME. This craniotome was designed by Hugh Trumble (1894-1962) of the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, one of the eight founders of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. It was a modification of an earlier instrument, similar in principle but less versatile, designed by Sir Henry Souttar(l875 - 1964), a very inventive surgeon who worked in the London Hospital. Souttar also used a motor-powered circular saw when necessary. He cut very large circular bone flaps, exposing the occipital lobes and posterior fossa in a few minutes. Trumble reported the use of this craniotome as "an expeditious method of cutting bone flaps" and in the designer's hands this claim was certainly justified. To use the crauiotome, it was necessary to hold the skull rigidly, and this was done by embedding the head in a plaster mould. Three holes were drilled in the skull to fix the pin of the craniotome, and the flap was then cut in a series of three arcs, after which the flap was elevated with levers until its base fractured. The 'Trumbolian" instrumentation was used in the Alfred Hospital by a number of Trumble's pupils. The craniotome is made of steel, not plated and apparently not stainless. It is believed that Trumble made his craniotomes himself, in a backyard workshop.

Yields information about a collision between a tram and motor vehicle at the Victoria St terminus and issues with the driver of the motor vehicle being fatigued and the effects of alcohol - see article written on Coroners inquests by Alan Bradley.Ten page copy, from scanned original of a Coroner's Inquest and proceedings into the death of Bernard John Bourke in Ballarat following a collision between a motor car driven by the deceased and SEC tram No. 12 at the Victoria St terminus on, 5/7/1963. The Coroners Inquest was held on 28/8//1963. The copy of the inquest from the Public Records Office Victoria - VPRS 24/P2, unit 62, file 1963/1399. For detail scans of photographs by the Police see Reg. Item 3710. Contains witness statements by: Desmond Ian Domaschenze - Motorman SEC, William Alexander Maes, Motorman SEC and Constable Neil Thomas Patterson. Not copied was the post mortem report: The deceased, Bernard John Bourke, was dead on arrival at Ballarat Base Hospital. A post mortem on 7 July found fractures of ribs and associated lung damage, and concluded that “death was caused by stove in chest”. On 8 July Bourke’s blood was analysed. The conclusion: “I analysed this blood and found it to have an alcohol content of 0.120%. This blood alcohol level in an eleven stone man would be equivalent to the minimum consumption of eight, seven ounce glasses of beer”. This was transcribed by Alan Bradley from the file.On rear - PROV stamp and file number.trams, tramways, accidents, collision, coroners inquests, victoria st