Cream came in bottles bought at the local store or at a large city store on a shopping expedition. The shape of the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. Liquids were measured in pints pre 1966.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, size, embossing, use Aesthetic: Display showing embossing, size and shape especially if in good conditionClear glass bottle used for storing cream. Straight sides half way up then gently tapered into a wide opening which widens with a broad lip on top. Heavily embossed along the bottom on one side in printed capital letters and lightly embossed on base. Lip on inside to hold a cardboard disc that sealed the opening.Side: One Imperial Pint Base: G 499cream, dairy, milk bar, bottle, household

Cream came in bottles bought at the local store or at a large city store on a shopping expedition. The shape of the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. Measurement of liquids was in pints pre 1966.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, size, glass, stopper, embossing and use. Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shape.Clear glass bottle with straight sides tapering towards the opening from half way up. The opening is wide with a thick glass rim. There is an inner rim inside the opening to hold a cardboard disc to seal it. It is heavily embossed on one side near the base.Side: 'Imperial Half Pint'bottle, cream, dairy, milk bar, household

Cream came in bottles bought at the local store or at a large city store on a shopping expedition. The shape of the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. Historical: Change of bottles - shape, size, stopper, embossing, use Aesthetic: Display showing embossing, size and shapeClear glass bottle with straight sides three quarters of the way up from the base. It tapers in a little to the opening. There is a lip on the rim.Base: 626dairy, bottle, milk bar, cream, household

Medicines came in bottles sold by the chemist locally or at a large city chemist store on a shopping expedition.The shape and colour the the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. Use of linseed oil and milk of magnesia.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, glass, stopper, embossing and use. Aesthetic: Display showing colour and shape.Clear brown glass bottle used for medicine - possibly linseed oil or milk of magnesia. It has straight sides three quarters of the way up tapering to the neck ending with a lip and a screw top. Rectangular base with embossing. 3 sides and base are slightly indented. The 4th side is flat with an embossed '2' at the bottom in the middle. Side: '2' Base: 'G 374' followed by the common seal 'A' with 'G' and 'M' inside the 'A'chemist, medicines, brown glass bottle, liniseed oil, milk of magnesia

Cream was stored and sold in bottles and bought at a local store. History of Haberfield's. The measurement of liquids was in pints and money in pence (d) pre 1966. Bottles were returned to the manufacturer who reused the bottle. To encourage the return of bottles, collectors were given 3d (pence) per bottle. Historical: Dairy farmers living in the Kiewa Valley, sent their milk to be separated into cream by a Dairy company and then sold to the public. Aesthetic: Display showing variations of shape, embossing and stencillingSmall clear glass bottle containing one third of a pint and used to carry cream. it tapers to a lip at the neck. On one side and the base it is heavily embossed. Under the embossing on the side it is stencilled in red and black words and outline of a picture of a happy man wearing a tie pointing to the writing.Base: Common Seal with 'A' and 'G' and 'M' inside the 'A'. under which is '91/6' under which is' ISM - 707' Side: embossed: Third Pint Side: stencilled: Haberfield's (red) / always red (black) / Pasteurised (red on black) / Cream (white on black) Opposite side: stencilled: 3d Deposit / On This Bottle (all in red)dairy, farmers, haberfield's, cream

Milk was produced at the local dairy and then delivered to the stores and / or each household. The shape of the bottles changed as did the stopper used to seal it. The cardboard one predating the aluminium seals. Milk bottles were recycled by the dairy for re use. Liquids were measured in pints pre 1966.Historical: Change of bottles - shape, stopper, embossing Aesthetic: Display showing embossing and shapeClear glass milk bottle with straight sides half way up tapering to the top where there is a thick lip on the outside. Opening is wide. There is an inner rim inside the opening. A cardboard disc fitted on to the inner rim to seal the contents. Heavily embossed.On side near base: 'One Imperial pint' On base: Common Seal: 'A' with 'G' and 'M' inside the 'A'. 'F 1297' is across the middle and 'M' is underneath. In front of the 'M' one bottle has '2' and the other '6'.milk, diary, glass bottle, household, farmer

Milk bottles were bought at the local store. Metric measures were introduced in Australia in 1966. Bottles were recycled and remained the property of the manufacturer.Dairy farmers live in the Kiewa Valley and send their milk to the local dairy to be pasteurised and bottled. Historical: Bottles changed - shape, size, embossing and seal Aesthetic: Display showing bottles of different shape, size, embossingClear glass milk bottle with straight sides three quarters of the way up tapering gently to the opening. The taper sides are heavily embossed with print in capital letters. The circumference of the base is embossed with short straight lines in the direction of the edge to middle.On each side: "Pasteurised / Wash and Return / 600 ml Milk The fourth line continues underneath around the circumference: Use not permitted without written - permission owner milk bottles recovered.clear glass bottle, milk, dairy, milk bottles recovered, kiewa valley farmers

This jar was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 11950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Small wide white 'milk glass' jar with screw top. Used for ointment e.g.. zinc, magnesium sulphate. Embossed on base. Base is 'pushed inwards/upwards' forming a lip around the circumference.Base: Common Seal - A with G above and M below / 15 medical, hospital, ointment

In the 1980s milk was collected by the North Eastern Dairy Company who graded the milk by temperature, weight in pounds and class A.B or C.The Farm was no. 355.Farm no. 355 was in Dederang where F. M. Hynes milked the cows. The Kiewa Valley was mostly a dairy farming district. The receipts also give insight into the methods of testing the quality of milk.A collection of receipts and notices from the dairy of F.M. Hynes at Dederang. The receipts are a mixture of cardboard and paper of various colours. They are collected (by stabbing) on a hanging wire hook.Various handwritten reports re milk quality. Circa 1980s.dairy farming, kiewa valley dairy farms, milk records

History and Beliefs of Jehovah's Witness Religious OrganisationThe Baker family lived in the Kiewa Valley. Their herd of 15 cows yielded an average of 5614 lbs. Milk 5.2% average test and 301.71 lbs. Butterfat in 273 days with allowances for junior cows in the year 1930-31 1. Book - 'Bible Readings for Home Circle' 1906 2. Book - 'Christ's Object Lessons' 3. 8 small folded papers each with a religious message 4. Certificate to Mr J. Baker presented by the Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria re Dairy Herd in Oct. 1931 5. Certificate to L.A.C.I. G. Baker 49th Optl. Based Unit R.A.A.F. Shire of Yackandandah Feb. 1946baker family, kiewa valley, jehovah's witness, dairy farming

See KVHS 1697Dairy farming in the Kiewa Valley was the main industry with farmers keen to test the quality of their milk before selling it. This centrifuge enabled them to test the amount of milk and cream being produced by their herd.See KVHS 1697. This is the handle part of the centrifuge. The handle has a clamp attached for mounting on a table / bench. It has 2 canisters, one of which is attached, the other broken off. It is embossed but very hard to read.milk and creamer tester, dairy farming, centrifuge

In 1890 D. Babcock invented a test for measuring the amount of butter fat in milk, either on the farm or in the dairy or creamery. Samples of milk were put in the glass vial and then spun (by cranking the handle) causing the cream to separate from the non-fat milk thus determining the percentage of cream in the milk. The product was then priced accordingly.Dairy farming in the Kiewa Valley was the main industry with farmers keen to test the quality of their milk before selling it. This centrifuge enabled them to test the amount of milk and cream being produced by their herd. This '1903 Butter Fat Tester' made 100 turns per minute. Early hand crank centrifuge for measuring the butterfat content of milk in the farm dairy or creamery. It has 4 brass / copper removable canisters with glass vials and tubes that fit inside. The glass vials bulge at the bottom and are marked with measurements 1, 2 etc.Numbers on the glass vialsmilk and cream tester, dairy farming, centrifuge

Milk Bars made flavoured milk shakes for customers. The drink included milk, flavouring and ice-cream.Mt Beauty had a cafe at the Mt Beauty shopping centre and there was a general store at Mt Beauty North.This milkshake set includes 2 metal mugs and 1 glass, mug size and 1 straw dispenser with lift up lid.milk shakes, milk bar, drink, cafe

This is a milk bottle from the local dairy in Kiewa. It is an old style bottle in imperial measure(ended 1974). This has good historical value, as milk is no longer made in bottles and we do not use imperial measurements anymore. This item is significance for historic reasons, shows local dairy items used. There are not many bottles from this local dairy from this period, and is it is in good condition. . Social significance, shows what items local families used. Research significance. These bottles are not in use anymore as we do not have imperial measurement, so good for research that explains this topic. Therefore has good interpretive capacity.Glass milk bottle. One imperial pint.Glass molded inscription of ONE IMPERIAL PINT. In red text on front Kiewa, (in script) / PASTUERISED / FULL CREAM MILK/ USE KIEWA BUTTER/ CREAM / AND ICE CREAM MIX . In red text on back THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS/THE PROPERTY OF/NORTH EASTERN/DAIRY CO. LTD. On bottom of bottle, molded AGM 2 x M F1959 in the middle of botton 5 / 48 bottle, milk, drink, container, dairy, farm, kiewa, cow

This "home made" squeegee was manufactured in the mid to late 1900's by an ingenuous dairyman as a solution to the removal of cow "pats" from the concrete floors of his "milking" sheds. The tea tree made squeegee (being made from nature's anti bacterial material) was an excellent hygienic implement to use. This "home made" wooden squeegee is very significant to the Kiewa Valley and its surrounding regions because it highlights the natural ingenuity found in the pioneer farmer, grazier and other rural folk. It demonstrates the "mother of invention and adaptation" is very strong in rural areas where "off the shelf" products were a rare quantity. Part of the natural psyche of the rural Australian inhabitants is the ability to produce inventions that overcome physical restrictive conditions, "the man/woman of all trades" is an apt description of the pioneers of yesteryear and of those to come.The squeegee handle is a long branch made from a tea tree, inserted into the upper flat side of a slab of tea tree wood which is flat on one side and curved on the other, the natural curve of the tree trunk. This squeegee was used on dairies for removing cow manure.timber, dairy, farm, rural, implement

This type of butter churn was used around the early to mid 20 century by household and small farms of the Kiewa Valley who kept cows for Milk. The buy product of the milk was cream and butter. Once the cows had been milked, often by hand, women would place the milk in shallow dish, and next morning the cream would be separated from the milk. Or a cream separator machine would be used. The cream would then be churned by the paddles in the butter churner until it formed in butter clumps. Butter Pats would be used to take the butter out and press into triangle butter blocksThis butter churner is significant due to its historical value which explains how butter was made by hand before this process became mechanistically made. Many houses or small farms in the Kiewa Valley had these butter churns to make their own butter for their household or to sell. This has very good interpretation significance as it adds to the history of dairy industry in the Kiewa Valley. Wooden box with a metal handle for turning the blades /paddles /slats inside the box.These blades churn the cream when the handle is turned. There is also a wooden handle and a wooden lid.butter, dairy, milk, manual, domestic, item, food, preparation, dairying, technology

This item was in use before electricity and was manufactured after the flat stove irons.The weight of the iron base, is heavy, helping in smoothing out crinkly material being ironed. This item permitted ironing of clothes to be separate and away from heating stoves. It permitted greater flexibility for ironing clothes and permitted more control (consistency) of the temperature of the iron.Historically and significantly this item enforces the relative isolation of the Kiewa Valley and period when and where this domestic item was in use(manufactured circa 1950). A rural setting with mining, beef , milk and tobacco production in the early 1900s. Even though the community was in a rural setting, the standards of dress was the same as in the bigger towns and cities. Social and religious mores and values demanded that the personal appearance be clean and crisp no matter where a person was living or working. Heavy laborious work was considered by some religions as virtuous, therefore the heavy and tiring work of ironing during this period had its rewards. Rural areas where the last to be connected to electricity and therefore this item was a domestic necessity far into the 1950's.This iron has a steel base and a metal body coated with green coloured enamel. The wooden hand grip is painted dark green. The kerosene (spirit) container is a chrome metal cylinder with a flat bottom and top. The top has a small filler/air plug is located on the top side. There are two control knobs located next to and under the metal cylinder. The close to the cylinder is a lock which locks the top lid of the iron and the other knob controls the airflow to the heater rodOn the base of the handle "PEERMAN" and below this P/46, C.I. Thomas & Son Pty Ltd household, ironing, domestic kerosene, dry cleaning

This item was produced for commercial shops and other traders in a period, 1800 to the 1950s. They were used because they were extremely cost effective, speedy, easy to learn and simple to use. It was also at a time before pocket calculators and electric cash tills were produced. The reckoners were a fast and accurate accounting book for a ever increasing bulk purchasing industry. These reckoners were at the start of a business principle "time is money" The reckoner was also looked upon as a way of reducing staff errors in the calculation field. This reckoner was highly valued to a rural industry in the Kiewa Valley because of the bulk produce being bought and sold here. Produce such as milk, tobacco, cattle, timber and fruits relied on weights and quantities calculation for cost pricing. Electrical machines were not of use in "the field or paddock" where important price negotiations took place. For a successful business to keep going accuracy was upper most to producers. It was still a time where honest transactions built reputations and tardiness ruined them. It was a time when a producer's word was his bond and a gentleman's handshake was as good as a contract. This attitude lasted a lot longer in rural regions than in the city. A producer's reputation was based on face to face negotiations and honesty.This hard cover book (blue in colour) contains 210 pages of black numbers and headings on light yellow pages (aged). The numbers refer to calculations of per unit price of goods and percentages.Top of front cover "Inglis Reckoners" underneath "The 'Express' Ready Reckoner", underneath "with All the Pence up to 1(pound symbol), Interest, Wages, Discount, Tables Etc." The spine: The Express Ready Reckoner with all the pence up to 1 (pound symbol) Interest Wages Discount Tables &c." underneath " The Express Series Vol 1" at the bottom of spine "Gall & Inglis"inlis, ready reckoner, imperial calculations

Spiral boundnon-fictionA history of Baranduda in Northeast Victoria. Baranduda is a rural area and, since the 1970s, a rural and residential locality formed under the authority of the Albury Wodonga Development Corporation. It is near the junction of Yackandandah Road and the Kiewa Valley Highway, 10 km south-east of Wodonga. This publication traces the history of the area from its earliest know indigenous inhabitants, through the days of the earlier establishment of pastoral runs to more recent developments.baranduda, pioneers victoria, huon family, wodonga pioneers

Butter factory at Kiewa with creameries at Kergunyah and Gundowring met on 14th December 1892 and built it in 1893. In 1928 a new butter factory was built and a milk products factory was created in 1952The Kiewa Butter Factory employed a lot of people and supported the farmers in the Kiewa Valley.Black and white photo of Kiewa Butter Factory 1892. The photo was taken in 1932. The photo is glued to thick grey cardboard creating a frame. The photo is of a white building with a tall tower behind it. This photo is published on pages 45 and 89 of 'A History of the Kiewa Valley' by Esther Temple and David LloydWritten in biro bottom front of cardboard '1932'kiewa butter factory, creamery, dairy industry

These letters are part of communication which took place between Sir Robert Menzies and Mr. G. R. Coulthard, President of the Australian Institute of Dairy Factory Managers and Secretaries Inc. (Victorian Branch) in 1965 and 1966. The Butter Factories’ Managers Association was formed in the 1890s and held its first annual conference in 1893. This organisation became the Australian Dairy Institute and then was incorporated with the Australian Society of Dairy Technology on 24 March 1986 to become the Dairy Industry Association of Australia. Ross Coulthard was a former manager of the Tallangatta dairy factory and later manager of the North Eastern Dairy Company at Kiewa. He had gained experience at several dairies across Victoria and was a qualified Butter Maker, Milk and Cream Grader and Tester and later a Cheesemaker. He took over as manager at Tallangatta in 1954 and later became Manager of the North Eastern Dairy Company at Kiewa after a merger with the Tallangatta Butter Company. He served as Victorian President of the Dairy Industry Association in 1966 and 1976 and was the Australian National President in 1980. These letters are significant because they are linked to Australia's longest serving Prime Minister and the Victorian Dairy Industry.2 letters from Robert G. Menzies and Private Secretary to Mr. G. R, Coulthard printed on Commonwealth of Australia Government letterhead.robert g menzies, australian institute of dairy factory managers, dairy industry victoria

George Pollard was born in Corfe, Dorsetshire England in 1824. Being dissatisfied as a clay miner, he decided to migrate to Australia. He migrated in 1851 and after a short unsuccessful time on the goldfields in Bendigo, followed by a period in Dederang and farming in Oxley, he selected land on Little River, now know as the Kiewa River in 1868. His property was know as Rosebank and George continued to live there until his death in 1915. In the early 1880s, George Pollard constructed a creamery on his property at Bonegilla Flat. The creamery stood until the late 1970s although in a state of ruin and used neaas a scratching post by the cattle which grazed in the surrounding paddock. The creamery included a chimney and fireplace. This generated warmth so that when large pans of milk were placed near the fire the cram would rise to the top and could easily be separated to produce butter for the growing family. In 1982 Fred Hillier was visiting from Queensland and offered to make the replica of the creamery featured Wodonga & District Historical Society Collection.This item is significant because it represents a creamery owned by an important family in the Bonegilla district.A small model of an old building made from clay. It includes a roof resembling corrugated iron and empty spaces for windows.Underneath Model Bonegilla Creamery 1886 By Fred Hillier 1982pollard family, agricultural buildings