Showing 261 items
matching temperatures
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Yarrawonga and Mulwala Pioneer Museum
Book - Red Cross Home Nursing, The Elements of Home Nursing, Before 1966
Issued by the Red Cross Emergency Service. Australian Red Cross Society, 44 Latrobe Street, Melbourne, C1Small paperback book. Well used, paper cover marked ad dog-eared. 16 pages. Price Three pence. Describes duties of a nurse, how to take temperature, pulse, dressing, washing, diet, bed making, bandaging.See photos -
Forests Commission Retired Personnel Association (FCRPA)
Sling Psychrometer
Bushfire behaviour is influenced by many factors including temperature, relative humidity (RH), forest type, fuel quantity and fuel dryness, topography and even slope. Wind has a dominant effect on the Rate of Spread (ROS), as well as fire size, shape and direction. Temperature and relative humidity have major impacts on fuel dryness and therefore upon the availability of fuel for combustion. The amount of fine fuel available can increase rapidly from nearly zero when fuel moisture content is more than 16% after rain or a heavy morning dew, to many tonnes per hectare as fuel dries out later in the day and the moisture content drops below 9%. This explosive escalation in the amount of available fuel can happen over a few hours on hot and windy days. A sling psychrometer is a simple device for determining air temperature and relative humidity. It contains two thermometers, one of which is covered with a wick saturated with ambient temperature liquid water. These two thermometers are called dry bulb and wet bulb. When the sling psychrometer is spun rapidly in the air, the evaporation of the water from the wick causes the wet bulb thermometer to read lower than the dry bulb thermometer. After the psychrometer has been spun long enough for the thermometers to reach equilibrium temperatures, the unit is stopped, and the two thermometers are quickly read. A psychrometric scale on the side of the instrument is then used to convert the dry bulb temperature TDB and the wet bulb temperature TWB into humidity information. The wet bulb temperature is approximately equal to the adiabatic saturation temperature. The thermometers fold back into the plastic handle when not in use. Used to measure temperature and relative humiditySling PsychrometerBACHARACH INSTRUMENTS - Pittsburg PAbushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv) -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Legal record - Record Book, Warrnambool Lighthouse Register of Meteorological Observations 1902 Apr
Register of Meteorological Observations at Warrnambool Lighthouse for the following months. mber 1905. 1902 - all months, 1903 - Jan, Feb, April, May, June, July, Aug, Oct, Nov, Dec, Mar, 1905 - Jan. Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec, 1906- Jan, Feb, Mar, May, Jun, July, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec, 1907 - all months.Register, marble pattern cover on March and Septe. Warrnambool Lighthouse Register of Meteorological Observations, 1902 Apr Recorded information of meteorological events at the Warrnambool Lighthouse, giving details of Air Pressure, Temperature, Wind Velocity and Direction, Cloud, Rain and RemarksHandwritten entriesflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, warrnambool lighthouse register of meteorological observations 1902 apr, meteorological observations, book, warrnambool lighthouse, meteorological observation -
Federation University Historical Collection
Exercise Book, Exercise book, 1971-2, 07128.1 - 1971 & 07128.2 - 1972
Two project books 07128.1 Grey covered book with blue binding tape hand written by N. Lowe, construction of a constant temperature enclosure. 07128.2 Grey covered book with blue binding tape hand written by Greta Collins, microwave experiments.temperature enclosure, temperature control, crystal growing., microwaves, klystron, students, ballarat school of mines -
Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action
Thermo Hygro Graph
Bushfire behaviour is influenced by many factors including temperature, relative humidity (RH), forest type, fuel quantity and fuel dryness, topography and even slope. Wind has a dominant effect on the Rate of Spread (ROS), as well as fire size, shape and direction. Temperature and relative humidity have major impacts on fuel dryness and therefore upon the availability of fuel for combustion. A thermo-hygrograph measures and records both temperature and humidity. It produces a continuous record by drawing ink traces on a paper chart held in revolving cylinder. Humidity is measured by shortening or lengthening of specially treated horse hair. Temperature is measured by means of a bi-metallic strip. This particular instrument is a seven day recorder. The instrument is driven by clockwork. Thermo Hygro GraphNegretti & Zambra -
Greensborough Historical Society
Functional object - Thermometer, 1960s
Small glass thermometer in 2 piece metal case. Used to check a person's temperature.Small glass thermometer in metal caseOn glass thermometer: "Mayhews Phcy Reservoir. English made. Guaranteed."thermometers -
Greensborough Historical Society
Newspaper Clipping, Diamond Valley Leader, Wet weather creates buzz, 02/11/2016
Heavy rain and warm temperatures in Spring 2016 led to high numbers of mosquitoes in Victoria.News clipping, black text and colour image. banyule, mosquitoes -
Forests Commission Retired Personnel Association (FCRPA)
Thermo Hygro Graph
Bushfire behaviour is influenced by many factors including temperature, relative humidity (RH), forest type, fuel quantity and fuel dryness, topography and even slope. Wind has a dominant effect on the Rate of Spread (ROS), as well as fire size, shape and direction. Temperature and relative humidity have major impacts on fuel dryness and therefore upon the availability of fuel for combustion. A thermo-hygrograph measures and records both temperature and humidity. It produces a continuous record by drawing ink traces on a paper chart held in revolving cylinder. Humidity is measured by shortening or lengthening of specially treated human hair. Temperature is measured by means of a bi-metallic strip. This particular instrument is a seven day recorder. The instrument is driven by clockwork. Serial number 10186 which probably dates from about 1960. The chart indicates it was last used in March 1979.Used for bushfire research.Clockwork Thermo Hygro GraphCasella London 10186 Made in England Research Branch. Forests Commission Orbostbushfire, forests commission victoria (fcv), forest measurement -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ceramic Crucible, Morgan Fluxing Pot
A crucible is a vessel made of a refractory substance such as graphite or porcelain, used for melting and calcining materials at high temperatures. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/crucible) Morgan Crucible was established in 1856. See http://ubshwiki.ballarat.edu.au/index.php/Morgan_Crucible_Co. A crucible is used to hold small amounts of chemicals during heating at high temperatures. The lid covers the bowl so nothing escapes, or to keep oxygen out of the reaction. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_crucible_and_how_is_it_used_in_a_laboratory)Two used narrow high shape crucibles with small spouts made by Morgan of England. They are heat-resistant containers used to melt ores, metals, and other materials. One has green (copper origin?) glaze like material on the base and sidecrucible, assaying, morgan -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ceramic Crucible, Morgan Fluxing Pot
A crucible is a vessel made of a refractory substance such as graphite or porcelain, used for melting and calcining materials at high temperatures. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/crucible) Morgan Crucible was established in 1856. See http://ubshwiki.ballarat.edu.au/index.php/Morgan_Crucible_Co. A crucible is used to hold small amounts of chemicals during heating at high temperatures. The lid covers the bowl so nothing escapes, or to keep oxygen out of the reaction. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_crucible_and_how_is_it_used_in_a_laboratory)Four used narrow high shape crucibles with small spouts made by Morgan of England. They are heat-resistant containers used to melt ores, metals, and other materials. One has green (copper origin?) glaze like material on the base and sideMorgan England stamped on side as well as letters indicating size.crucible, assaying, morgan, metallurgy -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: HEIDELBERG
Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Heidelberg: located in Horace Street, Bendigo, the two-storey front of this house was added in 1885 to an earlier part of uncertain age. Basement rooms offered a cool summer temperature, but dampness was ever a problem. This house was built for Thomas Falkingham. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Thermometer
Thermometers are used to measure people's temperatures. This one may have been used by a family at home or by a nurse or doctor from the Tawonga and District Hospital.This glass thermometer has readings from 95 to 110 degrees. One end is metal and the other has a slight indent in the glass near its end. It has a wooden case with a fitted lid.Numbers 95. 100, 105 and 110thermometer. medical. hospital. -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Receipts - Daily Milk
In the 1980s milk was collected by the North Eastern Dairy Company who graded the milk by temperature, weight in pounds and class A.B or C.The Farm was no. 355.Farm no. 355 was in Dederang where F. M. Hynes milked the cows. The Kiewa Valley was mostly a dairy farming district. The receipts also give insight into the methods of testing the quality of milk.A collection of receipts and notices from the dairy of F.M. Hynes at Dederang. The receipts are a mixture of cardboard and paper of various colours. They are collected (by stabbing) on a hanging wire hook.Various handwritten reports re milk quality. Circa 1980s.dairy farming, kiewa valley dairy farms, milk records -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Stevenson Screen, Thomas Stevenson, ca. 1910
Stevenson screens were first introduced in Australia in the 1880s and were widely installed by 1910. The screens have been used to shelter and protect thermometers and other meteorological instruments from rain and direct heat while the holes and double-louvre walls allowed air to flow around them. Sometimes other meteorological instruments were included in the weather stations, so there were different Stevenson Screen sizes. This authentic, original Stevenson screen was previously owned by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and was used for many years for weather readings at the Cape Otway Light Station in southwest Victoria. The Lighthouse Keepers recorded the readings for minimum and maximum temperatures at 9 a.m. every day from January 1865 until April 1994. The equipment was sheltered in a Stevenson Screen from 1902 until April 15 1994, when the mercury thermometer was replaced by a platinum resistance probe within an Automatic Weather Station (AWS). This Stevenson screen is one of the two screens that then became redundant. The other Stevenson screen was kept to display to visitors. Lightkeepers were no longer required at the Cape Otway Light station either, due to the automated system. The meteorological instruments donated with the screen were used for measuring temperature and humidity. They are mounted on a metal bracket that fits across the screw holes on the screen’s internal frame. The glass-covered Relative Humidity (RH) sensor was made by the renowned precision instrument maker, Rotronic AG of Switzerland, which was founded in 1965. The firm made its first electronic temperature and humidity instrument in 1967. Meteorological records have been collected in Australia from the 1800s. The records were collated, published and used as a basis for weather forecasts. Many sectors, such as maritime and agriculture industries, have relied on these figures for making important decisions. The quality and placement of the meteorological instruments used to measure temperature and humidity are of utmost importance for accuracy. In early colonial times, there were no national standards for meteorological instruments that would allow for accurate figures and comparisons. Once the Bureau of Meteorology was established (around 1908 to 1910) the department installed Stevenson screens throughout Australia, many at lighthouses and light stations, and the measuring instruments were standardised. The Stevenson Screen was named after its inventor, Scottish Civil Engineer Thomas Stevenson (1818-1887) who was also the father of Robert Louis Stevenson, author. Stevenson developed the small thermometer screen around 1867. It had double-louvred walls around the sides and a top of two asbestos sheets with an air space between them and was thickly painted with a white coating that reflected the sun’s rays. This design was modified in 1884 by Edward Mawley of the Royal Meteorological Society. Standards were set for the locations of the screens and instruments, including their distance above ground level and the direction the door faced.Stevenson screens played a significant part in providing a standardised shelter for all meteorological instruments used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology from about 1910 until 1994. The readings from the instruments gave the meteorological statistics on which weather forecasts throughout Australia were based. This Stevenson screen was used locally at Cape Otway, along the Great Ocean Road in southwest Victoria, so contributed towards our local forecasts and weather warnings.Stevenson screen, original, from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s weather station at the Cape Otway Lighthouse. The screen is a white wooden cupboard with a slanted cover raised above the top. The top has ten drilled ventilation holes, and the sides and door are made of downward-slanting double louvres. Two brass hinges join the door to the lower edge of the screen and a metal fitting at the top edge allows for a padlock closure. The screen is supported on four short legs, each with a hole drilled from side to side for fitting to a frame. Inside the screen are two wooden frames fitted with hooks and screws. The floor has three boards; one across the back and one across the front at the same level, and a board wider than the space between these boards is fitted higher, overlapping them slightly. Inside the screen, a pair of electronic instruments with short electric cables is mounted on a metal bracket with drilled holes in it. One of the instruments is a Relative Humidity (RH) probe. It is 26 cm long and is a glass tube with a filter on one end and an electrical connection on the other. It has inscriptions on its label, showing that was made by Rotronic AG, Switzerland. The other instrument is a Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) thermometer. It is 22.5 cm long and has a narrow metal probe joined to a hexagonal metal fitting. A brass plate on the front of the screen has impressed inscriptions. The screen is Serial Number 01/C0032, Catalogue Number 235862.Stamped into brass plate "CAT. NO. / 253862 / SERIAL NO. 01/C0032" On instrument’s electrical fitting; “CD2” [within oval ‘+’ above S] “Serie693 op65 / 220/380V~16A” On instrument’s glass; “rotronic ag” “SWISS MADE” “CE / CH-8303 / Bassersdorf” Symbol for [BARCODE] “ART NO MP 101A_T4-W4W” “POWER 4.8.30VDC“ “OP. RANGE: 0-100%RH/-40+60° C” “OUT H 0-100% 0-1V” “OUT T -40+60°C -0.4..+0.6V” “SERIE NO 19522 009”flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, cotton region shelter, instrument shelter, thermometer shelter, thermoscreen, thermometer screen, measuring instruments, meteorological instrument, weather recording, weather station, lighthouse equipment, light station equipment, stevenson screen, marine instruments, mercury thermometer, platinum resistance probe, aws, automatic weather station, rotronic ag, swiss made, meteorological device, weather forecast, weather prediction, weather records, meteorological forecast, meteorological record, australian bureau of meteorology, bureau of meteorology, bureau, bom, relative humidity, rh, relative humidity probe, resistance temperature device, rtd, thermometer, temperature, humidity, cape otway, cape otway lighthouse, cape otway light station, rotronic, switzerland, swiss instrument, thomas stevenson, double-louvered walls, edward mawley, royal meteorological society, 01/c0032, serial number, cat. no. 235862, serial no. 01/c00323 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - THE VIRGINIA MINE, A NEW EXIT
Handwritten notes on a new exit for the underground workers at the Virginia Mine. When the underground men leave the shaft after their shift, they will walk about 10 feet into a tunnel and then come up through the floor of the changing house by way of a broad staircase. Management claimed they would be protected in cold weather from the sudden change in temperature.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, the virginia mine a new exit, bendigo advertiser feb 5th 1908 page 2, mr j hooper -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Letter/s, Electric Supply Co. of Vic (ESCo), 26/03/1939 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about the stringing of the overhead for various temperatures and span - would have been used in the field.Duplicate copy - Memo from Electrical Engineer to General Superintendent, dated 26/3/1939, giving "Electric Railway" stringing tables for 3/0 grooved wire on 40 and 80 for spans, against given temperatures. Has initials ET/MB/LH in bottom left hand corner. Copy to Electrical Superintendent.trams, tramways, overhead, trolley wire -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - MERCURY THERMOMETER DOBBIE BROS
Mercury Thermometer (previously #95 from Mechanics Institute Eaglehawk). Mercury Fahrenheit Thermometer. Copper surrounds 'Made in England for DOBBIE Bros.' Melbourne. Approx 42cm long. Small Container surrounding mercury bulb at base. 'Freeze' written on the scale at 32 degrees. Maximum temperature 135 degrees. Minimum temp. 5 degreescottage, miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: TOO COOL
BHS CollectionBendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from Saturday, February 14, 2004. Too cool: as the temperatures soar in Bendigo this weekend here's a reminder of what must be the coolest job in Bendigo. Peter Frew retreats to the coolroom at his workplace, Crystal ice and Cool Stores in Garsed Street, on January 14, 1997. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Dairy Equipment, thermometer, 20thC
Dairy Thermometers are used for testing the temperature of milk while making yogurts and cheese. Early settler families owned a 'House cow' to provide milk ,cream, cheese for their familiesA typical milk thermometer used by early settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1900A graduated Dairy thermometerDAIRY THERMOMETER / MADE IN GERMANY early settlers, market gardeners, dairy farmers, milk products, cheese making, thermometers, cooking utensils, kitchenware, castiron cooking pots, blacksmiths, slow cooking, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd, -
Puffing Billy Railway
Blacksmith's Bellow
Blacksmith's Bellow Used by the Blacksmith to blow more air into his fire which further heats the flame to provide a temperature hot enough to heat the steel that he is working onHistoric - Industrial - Blacksmithing equipment Blacksmith's bellow. made from wood and leather and wrought iron fittings puffing billy, bellow, open hearth, blacksmith, heat -
Greensborough Historical Society
Newspaper clipping, The Melbourne Sun, Blackout! Dust makes night from day, 09/02/1983
Worst dust storm on record for Melbourne occurred at 2.55 pm on 8 February 1983. Visibility was 100m or less in city streets and the temperature was a record high for February of 43.2 degrees.Newsprint, 2p.The Sun News-Pictorialdust storm, melbourne -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Phial, Ethyl Chloride, Bengue & Co. Ltd. Mfg. Chemists, Circa 1900
The glass phial contained liquid ethyl chloride, little pressure being required to liquefy the gas at room temperature. By directing the nozzle downwards at the skin or mucous membrane to be analgesed, a stream of liquid squirts out, vaporising on contact, thus producing transient local temperatures of approximately -10 qc. Ether's unpleasant smell agitated patients. Ethyl chloride's pleasant odour reduced agitation. It could be used for induction and worked quickly without irritating respiratory passages. Ethyl chloride spray could also be used as a local anaesthetic. Faded rectangular burgundy box containing a glass phial with metal and rubber lid that forms a spray nozzle. The lid of the box had a mustard coloured manufacturer's label wtih burgundy writing. The phial has a discoloured white label with red writing and a blue label with white writing.Printed in white ink on blue label: IMPORTANT / NOT DESTROY THIS TUBE, IT CAN / BE REFILLED FOR / 2/10bengue & co. ltd., london, ethyl chloride, 1900, local anaesthesia -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Films, Eastman Kodak, Development Kit, Early 20th century
This photographic equipment was manufactured by Eastman Kodak for amateur photographers. It enabled them to develop their films in a simple and effective manner. This box and contents have no known local provenance but are retained as an example of early photographic equipment. The items will be useful for display. This is a Kodak film tank development box and contents. The box is rectangular and wooden with a light brown polished surface. The sides of the box rest on a base that is slightly larger than the box sides. The lid is a separate piece and slots into ridges on the inside of the top of the box. Under the lid is a printed set of instructions on paper. Inside, the box is painted black and on one side it has an affixed metal piece for the attachment of the film spool. A removable solid cylindrical silver metal drum is inside the box. This has an outer covering of corrugated cardboard. There are three unattached pieces inside the box– two silver metal rods with handles and one silver metal rod with two larger end pieces. At the base of the inside is a piece of paper with instructions for use.Kodak Film Tank Kodak Film Tank B Time and Temperature for Tank Development Manufactured by Eastman Kodak Co. Pat: Aug 26, 02 May 23, 05 May 21, 07 Sep 17, 07 vintage photography equipment, warrnambool -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Sketches - copies, sketches by Eugen Graf Mansdorf, 1991
Probably drawn during his journeys and internment during WW2.Most sketches titled, dated and the temperature noted on one: Basra 30 September 1941 42 degrees C at noon.Copies of sketches by Eugen Graf Mansdorf, Basra Camp Persia and Loveday South Australia. Red back clear plastic folder.eugen graf masdorf, internment camp sketches, internee artists, loveday camp, basra camp persia -
Greensborough Historical Society
Functional object - Conversion Tables, [Metric conversion tables], 1960s
Conversion tables from the 1960s when Australia converted to metric. he card converts temperature from Fahrenheit to celsius (State Electricity Commission) and the magnet cooking measurements (Pyrex Corning)2 Metric conversion tables, one printed on card, the second is a fridge magnet.conversion tables, metric conversion, metric measurement -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Equipment - Navigational Computer
Rectangular calculating instrument with (1) 'hinged lid' fitted with circular rotating dial for setting/reading altitude, speed, distance and temperature, (2) notebook inside lid, (3) circular dial with perspex cover, beneath which is (4) graph chart, moveable up-and-down by means of rotating knob on side of device. Curved brackets and elasticized straps on back for strapping onto pilot's leg.R.A.A.F. Ident. No. G6B/145 Serial No. WG/2233 COMPUTER NAVIGATIONAL Mk. III D. (Other inscriptions including instructions for use and scales for various measurements) "AB" hand written on strap (owner's initials?) -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Equipment - E.M.O. Ether Vaporiser, sectioned, Dr H.G. Epstein, c. 1956
Irregular cylindrical grey inhaler that has been sectioned for teaching purposes. The centre dial is labelled "E.M.O. ETHER INHALER", and controls for the percentage volume of ether released, from "close for transport" to 20%. The sectioned areas of the apparatus have been painted yellow and expose the vaporising chamber, wick, ether level indicator, temperature compensating valve, air bypass chamber and mixing chamber. anaesthesia, vaporizer, vaporiser, sectioned, inhaler -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Measuring Equipment, circular slide-scale, 20thC
A mathematical slide rule Calculator used by engineers, mechanics, and similar tradesA typical precision slide rule used in City of Moorabbin 20thCA plastic, circular slide-ruleon face ; CIRCULAR 'CONCISE' SLIDE RULE MADE IN JAPAN on protector sleeve ; BASIL V R GREATREX PTY LTD / SYDNEY MELBOURNE / STEAM TRAPS / AIR DRYERS / ROTARY JOINTS / TEMPERATURE REGULATORS / HUMIDIFIERS / SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS,/ MECHANICAL PACKINGSmeasurements, slide-rule, slide scale, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, precision instruments, concise pty ltd -
Vision Australia
Photograph - Image, Helen M Schutt trust plaque
Commemorative plaque for the funding of the Master Tape area by the Helen M. Schutt Trust. As an audio library, master tapes were created so that titles could be duplicated multiple times. Preserving these master tapes required a temperature controlled environment and minimal dust or dirt.Metal plate attached to wooden plaqueThis Master Tape area was funded by the Helen M. Schutt Trust (followed by brailled version of above)nameplates, royal victorian institute for the blind, association for the blind -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LANSELL'S BIG 180 MINE - CONDENSED HISTORICAL RECORD OF LANSELL'S BIG 180 MINE
Two handwritten and three typed copies of a Condensed Historical Record of Lansell's Big 180 Mine on the New Chum Line of Reef. Notes include location, shaft, first worked, size of lease, plant, engine house, boiler rooms, mullock heap, early history, Prominent, best gold, underground connections, pressurised hot water, diamond drill bores and a table with depths and the increase in temperature with the depth (in Fahr). Albert Richardson Collection. document, gold, lansell's big 180 mine, lansell's big 180 mine, condensed historical record of lansell's big 180 mine, wittscheibe, ballerstadt, ernst mueller, theodore ballerstadt, george lansell, north old chum, victoria quartz, mines dept special edition 'australian mining standard' 1/6/1899, mines dept booklet 'bendigo goldfield' 1936, quarterly reports, lansell's 180 mine 'transverse sections, annals of bendigo mining sections, a richardson's observations from old photographs and measurements of mining plans, measurements taked from caleb thomas' report mines dept 1875, 'report on observation of underground temperature at bendigo' james stirling government geologist 1899, a richardson