Showing 162252 items
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Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, A History of Ramanyuk Mission Station
A short history of the Ramahyuch Mission Station Victoria from its opening in 1862 until the transfer of the remaining Aboriginals to Lake Tyers Station in 1908. Lists births deaths and marriages of the residents.Donated by N H Fraseraboriginals -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, A Brief History of Wonthaggi Workmen's Workmen's Club, 1999
A short history of the Wonthaggi Workmen's Club, Victoria, from its formation in 1910 after the style of British Workmen's Clubs, until the completion of $2.5 million renovation and extension project in 1999.mines and mining, employment, associations -
Clunes Museum
Booklet - BOOKS, THOMAS RICHARD SEMMENS 1852 - 1900 A BRIEF HISTORY OF HIS LAST FOUR YEARS
.1.2 BOOKLETS FRONT COVER: THOM,AS RICHARD SEMMENS 1852 - 1900 A BRIEF HISTORY OF HIS LAST FOUR YEARS COMPILED BY HILARY MAY WALDER (NEE COOK) JUNE 2008biography, thomas richard semmens, hilary may walder, hiolary may cook -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, History of a Plan, 1993
Article in Nunawading Gazette - The State Government has decided to go ahead with the relocation of Old Orchard Primary School to the now vacant Blackburn Secondary College.Article in Nunawading Gazette - The State Government has decided to go ahead with the relocation of Old Orchard Primary School to the now vacant Blackburn Secondary College. The history of the issues noted chronologically.Article in Nunawading Gazette - The State Government has decided to go ahead with the relocation of Old Orchard Primary School to the now vacant Blackburn Secondary College. old orchard primary school, blackburn secondary college, pescott, roger, pope, neil -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, A History of Camberwell
Copy of a page from Geoffrey Blainey's 'A History of Camberwell'.Copy of a page from Geoffrey Blainey's 'A History of Camberwell'. In 1850's hundreds of drays passed through Boroondara daily with wood, white box and stringy bark from Nunawading and Doncaster.Copy of a page from Geoffrey Blainey's 'A History of Camberwell'. wood carters, blainey -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Letter - Correspondence, Synopsis of history of Eastmont State School No 4789, 9/06/1969
Letter from J. Reilly, Principal of Eastmont State School on the history of the school. Opened March 1964 with 136 pupils. Originally 6 classrooms extended to 12 by 1969 with enrolment of 400.eastmont primary school, primary schools, laing, allan, culph, david m, reilly, jack e -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, "Lament and Reverie on Passing of Melbourne's Cable Trams", "Cable Trams .... Clang Into History", 1940
Newspaper clippings contained within Reg. Item 2526, page 11 and 12. Cutting on page 11 titled "Lament and Reverie on Passing of Melbourne's Cable Trams", written "By a Former Traveller", with date of 26-10-1940 in blue pence. Notes that the person was glad not to know of the last run of the Melbourne cable trams, the previous Saturday. Laments their passing, rides, crews, St. Kilda Road, the tramcars and the services provided. At the base of the cutting has a photograph of cable trailer No. 1 being off loaded in Lonsdale St. to go into the Museum. Cutting on page 12, titled "Cable Trams .... Clang Into History" written by Hugh Murphy. Appears to have been written prior to their withdrawal in Melbourne but noting their closure at the end of the year. Notes the construction, the costs, Mr. F.B. Clapp, G. S. Duncan, operations, the various routes, the services and the gradual deterioration of the track. Has the Melbourne Punch cartoon of 10/12/1885, titled "Bail Up". Cuttings have been cut out from a sheet and pasted into the book. Note Item Not formally Numbered.melbourne, tramcars, cable trams, cartoons, tramways -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, The history of Henry Esmond
There is a Mary Bell on the school register who enrolled at Ballarat College (Girls School) in 1888. Birthday 2 March 1875 aged 13 years and 10 months. Father Alex bell. It is possible the book was donated to the Weatherly Library by this former old collegian. The Weatherly Library was opened in 1936 and its collection significantly established by donation or bequest of old collegians and community members or associates. Small maroon calf-bound book with gold lettering on spine and Ballarat College crest on front cover. Book plate on flyleaf: Crest / Ballarat College / Library / PRESENTED BY / Miss M Bell 1941.... -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Folder of information, John Hanlon Knipe and his family history
John Hanlon Knipe is the person credited with first using the name 'Surrey Hills'. Not all of this material is of direct relevance to Surrey Hills, which in fact was but a small part of J H Knipe's business and land dealings. However it was decided that it was appropriate to keep the collection of material together. Philip Slobom was a member of Kew Historical Society. Blue folder of A4 size. The folder contains a comprehensive collection of material relating to the Knipe family, both in Australia and in Lancashire and London. This includes: . family tree of Knipe in Lancashire and London . birth, death and marriage certificates . family trees of members in Australia . story of Knipe's Castle in Bendigo (built by John Hanlon Knipe), also photos of the same, newspaper articles and correspondence regarding it . location of Knipe graves in Bendigo Cemetery . itinerary to places of interest re Knipe in Bendigo . record of J H Knipe in Prahran Council . John Crouch Knipe in South Australia (1873-1889) by Kevin Knipe . History of James Service, John Hanlon Knipe, their families and Roberta, Roderick & Muriel Knipe by Barbara Fraser . Barbara Fraser's comments at Philip Slobom's funeral (22/7/2015) . material regarding the Knipe Cup . photocopies of images (2) of J H Knipe . correspondence between Philip Slobom and various Knipe relatives . photocopies of various articles from The Telegraph (Prahran) concerning J H Knipe's time as a Prahran Councillor.knipe's castle, knipe cup, prahran council, john hanlon knipe, philip slobom -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Medal, Jubilee of Canberra 1913-1963
This medal was made by W.J.Amor Mint, a medal making company from New South Wales. It was made to commemorate both the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Canberra in 1963 and the Royal Visit of 1963. Because of the rivalry between the two major Australian cities, Melbourne and Sydney, it was decided to establish a new capital city somewhere between the two cities. The Australian capital Territory was established in 1913 and the American architect, Walter Burley Griffin, in association with his wife, Marion Mahony Griffin, was chosen to design the new city of Canberra. The first Parliament House was opened in 1927 and Melbourne ceased to be the location of the Federal Parliament meetings.This medal is of interest, mainly because it commemorates the 50th anniversary of the first Parliament House in Canberra and the establishment of Canberra as Australia's capital city.Circular brass medal with ring attached at the top and a split ring through the ring. The obverse features a raised profile of Queen Elizabeth 11 wearing a crown and text. The reverse depicts old Parliament House, decorative leaves and text.THE ROYAL VISIT OF HM. QUEEN ELIZABETH 11. 1963. JUBILEE OF CANBERRA 1913-1963 AUSTRALIA 1788-1963 australian capital territory, canberra australia, walter burley griffin, queen elizabeth 11 -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Medal - Bicentennial Commemorative Medallion, 1988
This medallion was produced at the Royal Australia Mint in Canberra in 1988 to commemorate the Bicentenary of European settlement in Australia. The obverse design was by Michael Meszaros and the Bicentenary logo was designed by Michael Tracy. This medallion was given to Elizabeth Douglas in 1988 in recognition of her work as Secretary of the Shire of Hampden Bicentennial Community Committee. At the time Miss Douglas was Principal of Derrinallum High School, a position she held from 1984 to 1991. In retirement Elizabeth O'Callaghan (nee Douglas) spent many years as an active member of the Warrnambool and District Historical SocietyThis item is of historic interest as an example of a Bicentennial medal awarded to a local individualThis is a medallion of circular shape and bronze colouring (gold-plated). On the obverse side it has a raised gold pattern representing masses of people with a flag and gold lettering. On the reverse side it has a stylised map of Australia with gold lettering and sprays of flowers. The medal rests on a round plastic container inserted into a rectangular green box with felt trimming. The box is contained in another green cardboard box Australian Bicentenary 1788-1988 Celebration of a Nation Australia 1788-1988 The Official Bicentenary Commemorative Medallionaustralian bicentenary, bicentennial medallion, elizabeth douglas derrinallum -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Heidelberg's golden summers fill our eyes, 1985
The National Gallery of Victoria will have the biggest exhibition of the Heidelberg School paintings.national gallery of victoria, heidelberg school, conder, charles, mccubbin, frederick, streeton, arthur, mccaughey, patrick, box hill artists camp -
Wangaratta High School
WTS History Folder, 1986
Two cream manila folders with a collection of documents detailing the history of Wangaratta Technical School. HISTORY OF W.T.S. Library use only -
Glen Eira Historical Society
Map - Gardenvale Road, 11, Caulfield South
A one page typed letter from Equity Trustees to S P Simmonds Estate Agent, dated 12/12/1963, requesting a valuation of the property at 11 Gardenvale Road, Caulfield South. The file also includes a three page typed valuation of the property dated 19/12/1963. It provides details of the property and includes a hand drawn plan (75mm x 100mm) showing measurements of the block. The file also includes one page of undated, unattributed, handwritten working notes for the purpose of the valuation.redapple r r, redapple joseph, redapple rebecca rachel, gardenvale road, caulfield south, land values, brick houses -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital photograph, Federation University Seminar
Bonnie Chew and Clare Gervasoni looking at replica of gold nugget at Federation University Seminar, SMB.federation university, bonnie chew, clare gervasoni -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Photograph - Colour Photograph, Framed, Maureen Scoble, Sea Captains Volunteers, 5 September 2016
Wooden framed colour photograph of OSSA volunteers in MTSV garden, taken in 2016. Maureen Scoble, volunteer gardener, took this photograph to commemorate the addition of a new roof for the wedding platform in the MTSV garden, built by the volunteers . OSSA (Off Shore Specialists Australia), is a hiring group for their archives.Photograph portrays the community spirit amongst volunteers in banding together for a common cause.Wooden framed colour photograph depicting volunteers posing in MTSV gardenOn photograph (lower right corner): "05/09/2016 02:02" On back cover of photo frame: "Sea captains volunteers". "My heroes. They put a roof on the wedding platform". "Maureen" maureen scoble, garden, mission to seafarers, flinders street, wedding, pergola, ossa, interest group, volunteers -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Slide, 1967
Robin Boyd was appointed Exhibits Architect for the Australian Pavilion at Expo ‘67 in Montreal. The garden outside the pavilion featured a sculptural pool, a coral display, animal pool, a pit for kangaroos and Eucalypts and other native plants. The indoor exhibits covered aspects of Australian art and culture, architecture, industrial design and scientific innovation, such as the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Power Scheme, the Parkes radio telescope, the design of Canberra, and the Australian way of life. The coral display was prepared by E Grant, a fisheries research biologist.Colour slide in a mount. Coral display depicting the Great Barrier Reef, Australian Pavilion, Montreal Expo '67, Canada. Made in Australia / 17 / MAY 67M6 / 6 (Handwritten with red pen) / 10 (Handwritten)expo 67, montreal, robin boyd, slide -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, A History of the School of Mines and Industries Ballarat 1870-1982 by Warren Perry, 1984
Green hardcovered book covering the history of the Ballarat School of Mines. The back board covers features a photograph of the Ballarat School of Mines on the back stairs of the Administration Building. A key to the names of the photograph is attached.ballarat school of mines, warren perry, history, staff photograph, end papers staff photograph, key to end papers staff photograph, technical education -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Book - Reference, Mind the Curve! - A History of the Cable Trams, 1970
"Mind the Curve! A History of the cable trams" by John D Keating. Paperback 156 pages indexed, illustrated. Orange cover with photo of trams in Collins St. 1970/72/96 (3rd edition)PMH stamp on fly leaftransport - tramways, john d keating, cable trams -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Echoes from the Mountains and history of the Omeo Shire Council, 1969
History of the Shire of Omeo recounting the courage and determination of the early settlers who opened up and developed this remote region of Victorias high country exploiting the goldfields and establishing livestock and timer industries in the region.township, settlers, timber industry, mines and mining -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, The history of the Mont Albert Shopping Centre, 1986
Born in 1900, Mona was the daughter of Florence Jane McDowall Stuart (1867-1936) and George Hudson Grant (1864-1910) who married in 1899. He was a surveyor and they lived in Albany Crescent, Surrey Hills. Her full name was Jessie Mona Stuart Grant and she had a sister Mollie. In 1924 she married Clarence William Willoughby Webster (1895-1980) - SERN 33286. Clarence was born in Thorpedale where his father was a teacher. He was living in View Street Mont Albert and was a law student when he enlisted on 3 October 1916. After discharge on 10 May 1919, Clarence returned to his studies. He joined a legal firm in the city which became Pearce & Webster (later Pearce Webster Dugdale). Mona and Clarence lived in Surrey Hills and Mont Albert in a number of homes for the remainder of their lives.A history of the Mont Albert Shopping Centre in Hamilton Street, Mont Albert, including the early land use, and a chronology of shop owners. Index, photos., 39p. Compiled by local resident, Mona Webster.On front cover: top RH corner "Kay Kirkwood/98995158"phoenix park estate, mont albert, hamilton street, (mr) - mckerdy, (mr) - andrew, (mr) - dunn, (lady) emma hamilton, railways, churchill street, surrey hills golf club, (mrs) mona webster -
Buninyong Visitor Information Centre
Book - Bible, The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments, c.1915
Bible presented to Miss Dulcie Graham on the occasion of her wedding by her friend and minister, John D Davies, on 11 June, 1919.Black, leather covered Bible, gold embossed title on the cover and spine and gold coloured edging on the pages. Inscribed on inside cover 'To Miss Dulcie Graham on the occasion of her marriage, 11 June 1919 from her friend and Minister John D Davies, Buninyong.'religion, christianity, bibles, buninyong -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
administrative record (item) - Book, History, W H C Darvall, The Victorian Seaman's Mission and Institutes: An Epitomised History of Matters of Interest contained herewith. Compiled by WHC Darvall, Honorary Secretary, 1905
This book has been compiled by W H C Darvall, the Honorary Secretary at the Mission,( turn of 19th- 20th C.) A chronological recording of key dates and events in relation to the workings of the Mission to Seafarers (Victorian Seamen's Mission). The book also includes a number of clippings from newspapers or journals and concludes with an invitation to attend a special meeting of the Mission to discuss a proposed amalgamation with the Victorian Branch of the London Missions to Seamen, 15 November 1905. The author Mr Darvall arrived in Australia as a migrant 1853, served as the first Town Clerk of Beechworth 1856-1870. A solicitor in Collins St 1870s onward, he died in 1906.In diligently recording "matters of interest" to the Mission, Darvall has provided us with a significant point of reference from the establishment of the Victorian Bethel Union, afloat in 1850s through to the proposed amalgamation with the Missions to Seamen finalised in 1906. Many of the events were compiled retrospectively drawing on Annual reports and minutes but many were recorded contemporaneously from the 1890s. The Chronology serves as a means of verifying events through other sources such as minute books, annual reports and so on. It also provides us with the names and functions of people who had significant roles within the Mission from its earliest days in the 1850s through to the amalgamation of 1906.Label adhered to front cover, handwritten in ink: "The Victorian Seamen's Mission/An epitomised History/of/Matters of interest connected therewith/compiled by/ W.H.G. Darvall / Honorary Secretary" Label adhered to inside cover, printed label reading: "No.....Date....18.../A & W Bruce/Manufacturing Stationers,/65 Bourke Street West,/Melbourne/in re-ordering this book it is necessary to state the no. only"minutes, clippings, proceedings, william henry charles darvall (1830-1906) -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The History of Ireland
This item is from the ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art, and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the lack of financial support led the WMI in 1911 to ask the City Council to take it over. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Library as it was then called. When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Ralph Pattison. Eventually the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. RALPH ERIC PATTISON Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 Pattison accepted a position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council. His huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower area of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine, and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave during 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. The History of Ireland Ancient and Modern. Taken from the most authentic records and Dedicated to the Irish brigade Author: Abbé Mac-Geoghegan Translated from the French by Patrick O'Kelly Publisher: James Duffy Date: 1849 This book is covered in leatherLabel on spine cover with typed text PAT 941.5 MAC Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library Front loose endpaper has a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Servicewarrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, great ocean road, the history of ireland, abbé mac-geoghegan, patrick o'kelly -
Greensborough Historical Society
Article - Cemeteries, The Cemetery at St Katherine's, 24/07/2010
Lists the burials at St Katherine's Church St Helena. Links to the Beale family, pioneers in this area and builders of the church.Deals with Greensborough pioneers buried in the cemetery. Internet site has details of the inscriptions on the headstones in the cemetery.5 x A4 pages. Page one has a colour photograph of St Katherine's Church and cemetery. Pages 3-5 list burials at this cemetery.http://www.ozgenonline.com/~mytwigs/StKatherines.html st katherines church, st helena, anthony beale, cemeteries -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Document (Item) - Keith Meggs Collection CAC History Notes, Photographs and Drafts Related to Wirraway, Wackett and Boomerang, Boomerang History Notes, Photos
The research that has gone into these chapters is exhaustive and technical. They represent a detailed history of the development and manufacture of the CAC Wirraway, Wackett and Boomerang aircraft in the early days of the Australian aviation industry. These draft chapters feature Keith Meggs' hand-written edits, presumably for proofreading a final publication. -
Bendigo Military Museum
Book, History of the Great War Vol III, c.WWI
Sticker: The Standard Publishing Co Pty Ltd, 100 Flinders Street MelbourneBook, red buckram, hard cover, gold printed diagram of ship (front) & sword on spine, 552 pagesSticker / book plate This Edition is Specially Prepared for Subscribers The Waverley Book Co Ltd London, 7/9 Old Baileybooka, military history -
Kilmore Historical Society
KAYE 'S AND MALLESON'S HISTORY OF THE INDIA MUTINY OF 1856-8, Kaye's and Malleson's History of the India Mutiny of 1856-8. Vol. 3, 1889
Red cloth cover with gold writing on the spine, cover worn with some loss of colour. Good condition. 388ppFront flyleaf, '204' in ink/ Kilmore Mechanics Institute stamp.india, mutiny, history, kilmore mechanics institute library. -
Robin Boyd Foundation
Slide
Colour slide in a mount. Zoology Building, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 1962. (Architects: Mockridge, Stahle and Mitchell.)Made in Australia / 11 / Encircled 9 (Handwritten) / B (Handwritten)slide, robin boyd -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Digital photograph, Tower of London, 2016
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins),[3] although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site. The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public record office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of England. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of the monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery. The peak period of the castle's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Elizabeth Throckmorton were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase "sent to the Tower". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the 19th century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. In the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison, and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the Second World War, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired, and the castle reopened to the public. Today the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, it is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.(Wikipedia) A World Heritage Site is a landmark which has been officially recognized by the United Nations, specifically by UNESCO. Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural, historical, scientific or some other form of significance, and they are legally protected by international treaties. UNESCO regards these sites as being important to the collective interests of humanity. More specifically, a World Heritage Site is an already classified landmark on the earth, which by way of being unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable piece is of special cultural or physical significance (such as either due to hosting an ancient ruins or some historical structure, building, city, complex, desert, forest, island, lake, monument, or mountain) and symbolizes a remarkable footprint of extreme human endeavour often coupled with some act of indisputable accomplishment of humanity which then serves as a surviving evidence of its intellectual existence on the planet. And with an ignoble intent of its practical conservation for posterity, but which otherwise could be subject to inherent risk of endangerment from human or animal trespassing, owing to unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted nature of access or threat by natural or accelerated extinction owing to local administrative negligence, hence it would have been listed and demarcated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to have been identified or recognised and officially christened and internationally elevated through multilateral declaration by UNESCO as a universally protected zone. [1] The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 UNESCO member states which are elected by the General Assembly. (Wikipedia)The Tower of London is a UNESCO world heritage site.tower of london