Benjamin Danks was b. 1853 England, ordained 1878, and died 1921 in Rookwood, NSW. DANKS, Benjamin (1853-1921) Michael Horsburgh DANKS, BENJAMIN (b. Wednesbury, England, 12 Feb 1853; d. Sydney, NSW, 12 April 1921). Methodist missionary in New Britain and missionary administrator. Benjamin Danks migrated to Vic with his family when a young child. He entered the Wesleyan Methodist ministry in 1878 and was sent with his wife, Emma, daughter of John and Elizabeth Watsford, to join the Rev George Brown in the newly established missionary venture on the Duke of York group in New Britain, where he remained for nine years. An opponent of 'blackbirding', the traffic in indentured island labour for the Australian sugar cane industry, he warned local inhabitants not to go aboard any vessel recruiting labour for distant places, much to the displeasure of the labour traders. In 1880 he participated in the rescue of the survivors of the ill-fated settlement established by the Marquis de Rays. In 1907 he succeeded George Brown as the general secretary of Foreign Missions for the Methodist Church of Australasia and was president of the NSW Conference in 1908. He retired in 1918 and died in 1921 after a long illness attributed to the privations of his missionary career. Danks was highly regarded as a linguist and published the first book in the Tolai language of New Britain. He was a strong supporter of state legislation to control social evils, and to ensure pure food and drugs. He was an ardent temperance advocate. George Brown, An Autobiography (London, 1908); New South Wales Methodist Conference, Souvenir of the Presidency of the Rev. Benjamin Danks (Sydney, 1909); Wallace Deane (ed), In Wild New Britain (Sydney, 1933); Neville Threlfall, One Hundred Years in the Islands (Rabaul, 1975). MICHAEL HORSBURGH Electronic Version © Southern Cross College, 2004. Content © Evangelical History Association of Australia and the author, 2004.Engraving of Rev. Benjamin Danks based on the portrait."Rev. B. Danks. Late of New Guinea, Foreign Mission Secretary, Melbourne."danks, benjamin, new britain

Benjamin Danks was b. 1853 England, ordained 1878, and died 1921 in Rookwood, NSW. DANKS, Benjamin (1853-1921) Michael Horsburgh, DANKS, BENJAMIN (b. Wednesbury, England, 12 Feb 1853; d. Sydney, NSW, 12 April 1921). Methodist missionary in New Britain and missionary administrator. Benjamin Danks migrated to Vic with his family when a young child. He entered the Wesleyan Methodist ministry in 1878 and was sent with his wife, Emma, daughter of John and Elizabeth Watsford, to join the Rev George Brown in the newly established missionary venture on the Duke of York group in New Britain, where he remained for nine years. An opponent of 'blackbirding', the traffic in indentured island labour for the Australian sugar cane industry, he warned local inhabitants not to go aboard any vessel recruiting labour for distant places, much to the displeasure of the labour traders. In 1880 he participated in the rescue of the survivors of the ill-fated settlement established by the Marquis de Rays. In 1907 he succeeded George Brown as the general secretary of Foreign Missions for the Methodist Church of Australasia and was president of the NSW Conference in 1908. He retired in 1918 and died in 1921 after a long illness attributed to the privations of his missionary career. Danks was highly regarded as a linguist and published the first book in the Tolai language of New Britain. He was a strong supporter of state legislation to control social evils, and to ensure pure food and drugs. He was an ardent temperance advocate. George Brown, An Autobiography (London, 1908); New South Wales Methodist Conference, Souvenir of the Presidency of the Rev. Benjamin Danks (Sydney, 1909); Wallace Deane (ed), In Wild New Britain (Sydney, 1933); Neville Threlfall, One Hundred Years in the Islands (Rabaul, 1975). MICHAEL HORSBURGH Electronic Version © Southern Cross College, 2004. Content © Evangelical History Association of Australia and the author, 2004.Photocopy of page from a book (A4 size) with pictures of Danks and Mrs. Danks and a map showing New Britain and New Ireland and the mission stations of the New Britain district of the Wesleyan Methodist Mission and the sites of the Free Colony of New France.danks, benjamin, new britain

This is a simple household labour-saving device. The box was fitted to the end of the table and knife polish was sprinkled on the cloth inside. The knife was then placed in the centre of the box and clamped in tightly. The knife was then pulled backwards and forwards several times (three seconds was the suggested time) and the object was then deemed to be polished. All households had cutlery of some sort and many had good silver pieces that were meant to be kept in a sparkling polished condition. This cleaner would have assisted those in a household assigned to the care of the cutlery. These would have included the women of the household, the children or domestic employees. This item is retained as an interesting example of a household labour-saving device from 100 years ago. This is a circular wooden box with an extra piece at one end of the base and a sliding top lid with a wooden knob. The lid lifts up and the inside of the box and the lid is covered with rough cloth. Some of this cloth has rotted away. The top of the lid has a printed label pasted on. This is torn and soiled. ‘Patent The Magic Knife and Fork Cleaner’ ‘I am handy and useful where’r I am used, To clean knives and forks brightly I never refuse, In mansion or cottage to both I do go, So buy me, and try me, my worth you will know.’ household devices, history of warrnambool

This small hand-held tool was used in the maize industry in Murrungowar (Orbost District) during 1900-1960s. Prior to machine harvesting coming about in the 1960s, each cob of maize had to picked by hand using this tool. Maize growing was a huge industry in the Orbost district and the job of picking the maize involved hand labour by many employees. This small hand-tool would have been common, but is now rare. This particular tool was owned and used by Nelson Northrope (Orbost) in the early 20th Century and used at Murrungowar by Frances Eilman (nee Somerville). A highly significant small hand tool associated with the maize industry. This item is rare. A small hand-held metal and leather tool. A metal 'knife' has a curved shape and is attached to 2 leather straps which are connected by a small buckle. maize growing, agriculture, orbost district

Major General Sir Alan Hollick Ramsay, Director of Education 1948-1960 when he retired. He was born 12 March, 1895 and began teaching in 1912. He enlisted in the AIF as a gunner - 21/07/1915. He resumed teaching on his return from the War in 1919. In 1939 he enlisted in the 2nd AIF as Commander Royal Artillery 9th Division. He was appointed GOC (Major General) of 5th Division. He returned to the Education Department, eventually becoming Director of Education and served under both a Labour and Liberal Premier.Certificate printed on beige paper. Name and signature added Certificate number - 23344 Signature of Director: Alan H Ramsay Certificate made out to Donald George Furlong

Major General Sir Alan Hollick Ramsay, Director of Education 1948-1960 when he retired. He was born 12 March, 1895 and began teaching in 1912. He enlisted in the AIF as a gunner - 21/07/1915. He resumed teaching on his return from the War in 1919. In 1939 he enlisted in the 2nd AIF as Commander Royal Artillery 9th Division. He was appointed GOC (Major General) of 5th Division. He returned to the Education Department, eventually becoming Director of Education and served under both a Labour and Liberal Premier.Certificate printed on beige paper. Signature of Director of Education: Alan H Ramsay Student's name: Jennifer Lorraine Sarah Certificate number: 65356

Major General Sir Alan Hollick Ramsay, Director of Education 1948-1960 when he retired. He was born 12 March, 1895 and began teaching in 1912. He enlisted in the AIF as a gunner - 21/07/1915. He resumed teaching on his return from the War in 1919. In 1939 he enlisted in the 2nd AIF as Commander Royal Artillery 9th Division. He was appointed GOC (Major General) of 5th Division. He returned to the Education Department, eventually becoming Director of Education and served under both a Labour and Liberal Premier.Beige coloured paper with ink printing. Name been removed and correct name written above area.Certificate presented to Thomas David Osborne Signed by Director of Education: Alan H Ramsay Dated: December 1948 Certificate number :47526

Major General Sir Alan Hollick Ramsay, Director of Education 1948-1960 when he retired. He was born 12 March, 1895 and began teaching in 1912. He enlisted in the AIF as a gunner - 21/07/1915. He resumed teaching on his return from the War in 1919. In 1939 he enlisted in the 2nd AIF as Commander Royal Artillery 9th Division. He was appointed GOC (Major General) of 5th Division. He returned to the Education Department, eventually becoming Director of Education and served under both a Labour and Liberal Premier.Beige coloured paper with ink printing. Certificate presented to John Patrick Lamb Signed by Director of Education: Alan H Ramsay Dated: December 1954 Certificate number :59672

Dr Thomas Small designed this ether anaesthesia and analgesia machine while he was an Honorary Medical Officer at the Royal Women's Hospital in Sydney during the 1930s. The inhaler is compact and portable. Initially, Small experimented with other agents for the relief of labour pain but was not happy with any of them. He also tried various agents on himself, including nitrous oxide/oxygen, chloroform and ethyl chloride. Finally he settled on ether via a Clover inhaler as the best analgesic. This inhaler is only described in use in Australia and New Zealand, although it was used for almost 40 years. Black leather box with leather handle, lockable latches on either side and drop down front case panel containing a metal ether inhaler and length of black corrugated rubber hose with one end attached to the inhaler and the other end open for attaching a mask. The metal inhaler drum is circular and attached to the floor of the case with a small tap/lever to one side and a mixing valve on the top near the hose connection. The lever has incised gradings of quarter increments from 0 to 1. The box is designed for the ether inhaler to be portable.ether, small, thomas, analgesia, obstetrics, anaesthesia, anaesthetic, royal women's, sydney, queen victoria, melbourne

James Tyson was born in Sydney in 1823. Along with his brother the operated a wholesale and retail butchery in 1852, slaughtering cattle from their property near Balranald. He had worked his way up from farm labouring to droving cattle and initially had a property at the junction of the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers in 1846. With the discovery of gold he began droving cattle to Bendigo in 1851. He extended his holdings throughout NSW, Gippsland and then into Queensland where he died in 1898. Along the way he had become a millionaire.Nineteen pages of research on James Tyson and family.james tyson, tyson family history

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry.. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. VIOSH conducted a Certificate Course in Occupational Safety and Health for the Fijian Department of Labour and Industrial Relations in 1996. The course was held in the Government Training Centre Fiji. The group was made up of Labour and Factory Inspectors. Steve Cowley led this program. It was from 23 September to 18 October, 1996. A graduation ceremony held at end of course.Colour photographs.Photographs 26814.28 to 26814.47 have stamp for CAINES JANNIF PTE of Victoria Parade Suva, Figi on backviosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, certificate course, government training centre fiji, fiji, labour and industrial relations, factory inspectors, september to october 1996, steve cowley

Pale yellow 12 page book titled 'Bendigo the Region to Live Work & Invest'. On the front cover is a scenic view of Bendigo and on the back cover a picture of some quartz and gold nuggets on a green background. Sections in the book are: Live Work & Invest, Lifestyle, Access, Community, Infrastructure, Labour Force, Business, Opportunity, Successes and Information. Each page has a colour picture, they are:- Hargreaves Mall, Eaglehawk Golf Course, Map of Victoria, La Trobe University, Big Hill, Regional Office Department of Planning & Development, Sandhurst Farms, Construction Activity, Products of the Region, Dr. Ian Macbean, Mr Evan Jones and the Capital Theatre with information on each.book, bendigo, bendigo, bendigo - the region to live, work & invest, bendigo regional development board, dr ian macbean, mr evan jones, kate mildren, richard gibbs, express printers, hargreaves mall, eaglehawk golf course, map of victoria, la trobe university, big hill, regional office department of planning & development, sandhurst farms, construction activity, products of the region, capital theatre

Demonstrates the early development of the BTPS through the provision of a first aid box in the depot.Set of papers providing first aid instructions, first aid courses and other notes provided during September 1972 when the depot was being occupied and set up. Each sheet has been covered with an adhesive plastic film. Sheets 2 and 3 are typed on the rear of the Association of Railway Enthusiasts letterhead and signed by Clyde Croft, dated 22/9/1972. 5720.1 - Extract from Labour and Industry instructions - "Emergency Instructions for Serious Injuries. 5720.2 - First Aid Classes of the St John's Ambulance. 5720.3 - Notes regarding the first aid kit. See also Reg Item 4305.1, 4305.2 for other similar sheets.trams, tramways, btps, first aid, instructions, safety

These are sales photographs for William Tatham Ltd. of Rochdale. These photographs are taken in the fitting shop at William Tatham Ltd. where final assembly would have taken place. The Automatic Feeding Machine automatically dispenses wool to a carding machine, so that an even, constant supply is received. This eliminated the manual labour previously needed for the initial weighing and feeding of wool. The photographed machine was made by William Tatham Ltd, a textile engineering company based in Rochdale, UK. Established in 1866, Tatham developed innovative textile machinery and sent their products to Australia and other countries around the world.Two black and white photos of an Automatic Feeding Machine in a landscape format. The first photo is of the front of the machine, the second is of the rear.8037.1 - Front - top margin: For description see over. Front mide right edge - Wm. TATHAM Ltd. ROCHDALE. Machine Maker Front bottom right corner - 1146 Rear - 78” wide Automatic Feeding Machine having Dual Hoppers in which the first and large section feeds the second Hopper so as to maintain a constant level of material in the latter. The driving of both spiked lattices is by electro-magnetic clutches, the one in the first Hopper being actuated by a sensitive feeler motion in the second, the second spiked lattice however, being controlled, of course, from the Scale Pan. Through a mercury switch. The scale is of our latest super-sensitive pattern mounted diagonally across the Feed. Only the opening doors are used in the actual weighting and the trap doors placed over the scale which close immediately the correct weight is deposited, operate through a solenoid. The machine incorporates many other features and is arranged to divide for facility in cleaning. 8037.2 - Front mide right edge - Wm. TATHAM Ltd. ROCHDALE. Machine Maker Front bottom right corner - 1147 Rear - Showing opposite side of Dual Automatic Feed illustrated in photo 1146textile machinery, automatic feeding machine, tatham, feeding machine

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry.. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. VIOSH conducted a Certificate Course in Occupational Safety and Health for the Fijian Department of Labour and Industrial Relations in 1996. The course was held in the Government Training Centre Fiji. The group was made up of Labour and Factory Inspectors. Steve Cowley led this program. It was from 23 September to 18 October, 1996. Two students from the course then visited Ballarat. One was Ashok Nath. They are testing the noise level of the machinery.Colour photographsviosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, university of ballarat, steve cowley, ashok nath, 1996, noise level testing, fijian department of labour and industrial relations

Conditions of sale by private contract dated 21st. October, 1935 between J. Mahon (seller) and H. Taylor (buyer) for land situate Hodgkinson Street, Bendigo having a frontage of approx. 52 feet by a depth of approx. 108 feet, being parts of lots 6 and 7 on plan of subdivision registered No.13862 part of Crown allotments 6 and 7 section 38C land described in Crown grant volume 1502 folio 300225 and Crown grant volume 2642 folio 528242. Price 50 pounds. Attached receipt and plans to build house on that land (W. H. Ellis builder) for 500 pounds also attached detailed list of materials and labour.organization, business, h.a. & s.r wilkinson real estate

Two-part perforated document from Department of Labour and National Service signed by P H Cook, Secretary, bearing Registration Number 21765955. Addressed to Mr N E Swainston, 37 Leamington St, Reservoir, Victoria and date stamped 18 Feb 1971. This typed pro-forma document is a call-up notice instructing the receiver to appear at the Combined Services Recruiting Centre, 301 Flinders Lane, Melbourne at 7:30 pm on 25 February 1971 to appear before a medical board. Reverse side of document advises what to take to the appointment, what actions the receiver should take, and advises that failing to comply with the notice is an offence under the National Services Act.national security - australia, conscription, call-up, medical, swainston collection

Twenty page booklet, off white paper, saddle stapled, with additional dark green paper cover titled "Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration / A.T.E.A. 1927 Award Melbourne Conditions as from 8th / 9th December, 1934". Details wage increases for various classes of workers, probationary staff, junior labour, hours of work, minimum wage, shifts, rosters, spread of hours, overtime, Sunday and holiday work, meal hours, training, promotions, attending office, medical examinations, holidays, punishments, travelling time, calls back, days off, preference to unionists and Boards of Reference. On page 10 has a small sheet of paper pinned in, with pencil writing re uniform issue periods."Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 216" in ink on top of first page.trams, tramways, melbourne, atea, unions, agreements, mmtb, uniforms

Black folder containing photocopied documents pertaining to the setting up and running of the Central Deborah Mine, Bendigo. 1939 - 1948. Original copies held in McColl,Rankin & Stanistreet Collection. Application for Permit. Ministry of Post War Reconstruction. War Organisation of Industry. Quotes, Tenders. Hume & Iser. T.J Jorgensen. Electricity Supply Department. Saunders & Ross. District Telephone Office. R Toma. Stock Exchange. Building Site Plan. Abbott Supply Co. F.W. Milne & Son. The Golden City Agricultural Implements. Department of Labour and National Service.Miller & Co. Thompson Engineering and Pipe Co. Gold Boring and Prospecting. Costs. J.l. Howard. A.J. William Electrical Instruments.bendigo, mining, central deborah gold mine

Small rock/stone from Hellfire Pass Kanchanaburi, Thailand. (appears sedimentary rock) Cream coloured.No inscriptions on the Rock.. A typed note with the rock reads-: Rock from Hellfire Pass, Kanchanaburi,Thailand, manyAustralian and Allied soldiers died here in WWII working continuously around the clock under forced labour on the "death railway" to cut a passage through the solid rock in horrendous conditions and receiving little or no rations from their Japanese captors. Obtained by Mr M Evans in November 2002 whilst visiting the site,and presented to the Dandenong RSL Club.

First held in 1972 the Bendigo International Madison is an athletics and cycling carvial which takes place in Bendigo ove the March Labour Day long weekend. Events include 400m footraces and the largest outdoor Madison event in the world. The madison is a track cycling race in which 17 pairs of riders race over a hectic 200 laps of the Tom Flood Sports Centre in Bendigo. Riders firstly try to gain a lap advantage over other teams or score sprint points during the 34 sprints dotted throughout the race. At any one time, there are riders sprinting, changing or attacking in this frantic event.Large ceramic plate with hand painted design in underglaze depicting three men bicycle racing.Front; 2009 / Bendigo International Madison Reverse; Signed Faye Brady / 09. Stamped; Bendigo Pottery / 1858 / Australiabendigo pottery, city of greater bendigo sport, city of greater bendigo tourism

1 - Copy of letter from F Sanders to Secretary MMTB advising of Scout event at Como Park, requesting extra tram service. 2 - Copy of letter from unnamed manager to Mr FRG Sanders, General Secretary, Boy Scouts Association, regarding inability to provide extra tram services for Scout Week Celebrations at Como Park on 26 February 1946. Commonwealth restrictions, power restrictions and labour shortages prevent this from occurring. 3 - Memo titled "Scout Week Celebrations Camp Fire at Como Park, Saturday, 26th February, 1944 Commencing 8.15pm". Memo from Dist Traffic Supt SS to Mr McCutchan, Hanna St Depot & Mr Fisher, Hawthorn DepotPencil comments to Mr Harry to notetrams, tramways, events, parades, scout jamboree, hanna st depot, hawthorn depot

A large device for drying laundry consisting of two rollers between which the wet laundry is squeezed (or wrung); a mangle. American English uses the term 'wringer' whereas UK English uses the term 'mangle'. Later devices were typically electrified.Intact item of household (laundry) equipment.Domestic laundry equipment. Wringer of Mangle. Two rollers in Metal frame. Hand operated."ACME M 14 A WRINGER / ROLLS 14" / ROLLS 14" "THE ACME BRITISH MADE WRINGER / THE WRINGER WITH THE FIVE YEARS GUARANTEE" "USE THIS BOARD FOR MANGLING ONLY / IT FITS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE WRINGER / CLOTHES SHOULD BE FOLDED CAREFULLY AND MANGLED SLIGHTLY DAMP. EVEN IF YOU ARE GOING TO IRON IT WILL SAVE HALF THE LABOUR IF YOU MANGLE FIRST." "TESTED AND APPROVED SERIAL No.166 / GOOD HOUSEKEEPING INSTITUTE LONDON / Conducted By GOOD HOUSEKEEPING INSTITUTE MAGAZINE." acme wringer, mangle, laundry equipment

This photograph depicts mining operations within the Beechworth area, in an unidentified valley where sluicing was utilised as a method for extracting gold from the environment. After gold was discovered in the region in 1851, sluicing became a characteristic of gold mining in the region - "Ovens miners carved intricate networks of races" throughout the region - involved the diversion of water in many channels, or water races, which contained inbuilt 'ripple devices' designed to trap gold for later extraction. By 1871, 900 miles of water races had been cut into the Beechworth Mining District. As suggested by the numerous figures involved in labouring along the water race, sluicing was a source of considerable employment within the region. This image is of important historical significance for its ability to convey information about sluicing and the methods used to find gold in the 1850s, and provides clues as to how sluicing and the widespread construction of water ranges changed the environment of the region. This image is important for current research into the history of the Ovens region in Victoria, which played such a prominent role in the early Australian gold mining industry. Therefore, this image has the capacity to be beneficial for research into society and the motivations of those living and working in this region during this period and therefore, has social significance. The Beechworth Burke Museum has additional images relating to gold sluicing and and the mining activities in the area more generally, which can be analysed and studied alongside images like this one.A black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paperbeechworth, mining, miners, labour, water race, sluicing

These gloves are made from a warp-knitted cotton fabric called ' Simplex'. Cotton simplex is stronger than jersey (another knitted fabric) and does not fray. This makes it perfect for hand-sewn gloves. The gloves were made in Hong Kong then as now a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive. Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and their Danish heritage is an example of the many nationalities who lived and worked there.A pair of lady's short cream nylon gloves ' Simplex' Size 7 C 1960SIMPLEX NYLON 7clothing, gloves, formal wear, craftwork, lace making, dress etiquette, satin, silk, simplex material, hong kong, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, fashion, denmark, pedersen-green carole, green carole

Under the heading 'Ballarat Technical School' the words 'a division of the School of Mines' has been whited out. The Coat of Arms was attached to the door of the Ballarat Junior Technical School (later used as Prospects Restaurant) Latin inscriptions: Ingenio effodere Opes - with skill to dig out wealth Scientia Laboris Coadjutrix - knowledge the handmaiden of labour Around 1913 a foundation student from the Ballarat Junior Technical School, Angus Henderson, won a competition to design a monogram for the school. At that time the school was situated at the Dana Street Primary School. This design remained the official insignia for about 40 years. Angus Henderson became a renowned Ballarat signwriter. Ballarat School of Mines Coat of Arms painted onto galvanised iron, with the words 'Ballarat Technical School' at the top. ballarat junior technical school, signwriting, ballarat school of mines, sign, coat of arms, heraldic device, latin inscription, angus henderson, henderson, logo, signwriter

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division.Steel. Designed with bow in middle of blade. Small offset. Original ends in good conditions. No handles.churchill island, crosscut, saw, tool

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division.one end original minus handle. Other end has replaced handle. Steelchurchill island, crosscut, saw, tool, machinery

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division.single handed cross-cut saw. Peg grip missing?circular brass manufacturer's plate: SPEAR & JACKSON Sheffield. Crown symbol.churchill island, crosscut, saw, tool, machinery

Cross cut saws have been used for millennia, but they came into wider usage in Europe from the 15th century onwards. The term 'cross cut' refers to the blades on the saw’s cutting edge which come in a variety of different patterns. These saws are specifically designed for cutting across the grain of the wood by timber workers, sawyers, and other land workers for tree felling and cutting up larger pieces of lumber into smaller more manageable pieces. The saws come in variable sizes and lengths and are designed for use by one or two people. With the two-man saws, a method of alternating 'pull and push' to drag the blade back and forth through the timber, maximising efficiency and labour division. Donated by Wilfred Dungan on behalf of the Dungan family Collection originally used on the property of the late Dr Rae Dungan in Falls Creek Rd Olinda, purchased in the late 1930s from Olinda pioneers Harry and Minnie Holden. Also on the property of late May Farndon of Farndon’s and Falls Rd Mt Dandenong – aunt of Dr Rae William Dungan and also an early pioneer. Family holidays and weekends involved use of these sorts of farm implements plus working with horses. Post-war, the Olinda hand tools and machinery moved to the Shady Creek, Nilma North area where bush, pasture and cows had replaced the Olinda property. Wilfred well remembers being on one end of the crosscut saws cutting fence posts, logs and timber under “the tireless and vocal instruction” of a red headed local Darnum Rd legend called Harry Collyer. “He drove an old Rugby car and nearly pulled me through the logs with every cut!” steel blade, wooden handle and peg grip. Single person sawcrosscut, saw, churchill island, tool