This early tobacco tin was manufactured in England and imported to the "colony" Australia at the beginning of the 1900s. This manufacturer had won the Gold Medal at the Liverpool International Exhibition in 1884. This tobacco would have therefore been very expensive to purchase making it a must for the wealthier client of the Kiewa Valley. The Golden Flake Cavendish smells of the man of wealth and position. In this era the type of dress and the brand of tobacco smoked showed everyone at first glance where the man using it was on the social ladder and his pecking order. With the demise of tobacco smoking in the early 2000s clothes themselves do not show the pecking order in that quickly visualised manner, as at the time of manufacture of this tobacco tin. In the 21st century the level that men are in the socio economic field is realized on "the social information" available on the internet.This tobacco tin relays a long ago era, when personal contact, and not something that has been written down by some "unknown", was valued as the true appraisal of a member of the community. This was especially relevant in a small regional area such as the Kiewa Valley. Although social networking was not as fast then as the internet provides now, appearances, manners, fashion and etiquette with first impressions high on the order of evaluating someone in the community. Pointer such as the brand of tobacco smoked was part of the rural assessment method. Up until the demise of the Australian Tobacco Industry, circa 2004, the Kiewa Valley and surrounding district was part of a vibrant producer of tobacco leaves. The remnants of this industry still remain today but the drying sheds (for tobacco leaves) are now used to store hay for the valley's dairy and beef cattle industries.A dark metal tobacco tin covered in a bright metallic gold fleck pattern with a black frame on the lid around a drawing of a woodsman with a musket and axe sitting on a stump overlooking a valley that reads "Pioneer Brand", next to a company seal incorporating a wreath, eagle and shield. The front side reads "Richmond Cavendish Co./ Limited/ Liverpool." and the right and left side "Golden Flake Cavendish". The bottom has the same woodsman feature as the lid. The back side is an elongated diagram featuring tobacco leaves and plant summit. Inside lid surface has a half torn coloured (red, black and green) sketch on paper of the woodsman scene depicted on the top lid.The following inscriptions are displayed on the top and inside lid and on the bottom tobacco tin: "PIONEER BRAND" and to the left of the scene the "SEAL OF THE COMPANY TRADE MARK" Both side of the ens have the following words in large thick print "GOLDEN FLAKE CAVENDISH" and each is contained withih a black boarder.pipe tobacco, cigarette tins, smoking accessories, personal effects, tobacco containers

Bostock & Manifold were all from pioneering families in the Western District of Victoria almost from the time of settlement. Family history: The Bostock family were prominent in Warrnambool from the 1850s to the 1880s. Patriarch Robert Bostock had in 1813 been transported to Sydney from Sierra Leone for having 'felonious traded in slaves' and sentenced to 14 years transportation. He moved to Tasmania in 1821 where he died in 1847. A number of his children came to Port Phillip. Edward Robert Bostock held the Jellabad run from 1849 to 1853. George Bostock (1826-1858) was a Warrnambool Shire Councillor in 1856. Thomas Edward Bostock (1828-1874) was a Shire Councillor in the late 1860s. Augustus Bostock (1833-1920) lived in Warrnambool. Augustus Bostock was the 9th child of Robert and Rachael Bostock of Vaucluse Epping Forest, Van Diemen's Land. He was only 4 years old when his mother died. He was inspired by his father to seek his fortune in the Western District of Victoria. He arrived around 1850. He married Margaret Aitkin in July 1865. Augustus owned several properties in the district and leased others. He sat on the court of Warrnambool, Mortlake or Hexham as required. He resided at Marramook in Hawkesdale and later moved to Vaucluse in Hopetoun Road Warrnambool, where he died in 1920 at the age of 87. The Wagon is significant locally and state wide for its association with Augustus Bostock who was involved in many aspects of life in the Western District of Victoria, racing, cricket, and social activities to name a few. Bostock & Manifold were all from pioneering families in the Western District of Victoria almost from the time of settlement. The wagon is significant for its historical and economic association with the local Warrnambool business of Manifold & Bostock. These men had leased and owned vast tracts of land and operated businesses around the district together at various times often associated with the farming industry. One example is the Manifold & Bostock store and flour mill from which the wagon dray is believed to have been associated with for the delivery of goods. Their flour mill began operation in 1850 in 7-17 Stanley St South Warrnambool and was known as “Jetty Mills” Manifold and Bostock in 1858 purchased the Mill from John and G Elliot (brothers) with half an acre of ground and a cottage for £1600. It appears addresses of the company changed over the years as the town grew. These are listed in “Jones, Lewis & Peggy flour mills of Victoria” showing the company operating from, Fairy Street and later at the Merri River near the cutting, known as Banyan and Merri Streets. The company ceased trading in 1870. The Wagon Dray is also an example of agricultural freight and general transportation during the 1800 and 1900 century.A four-wheeled wooden horse-drawn wagon with flat top described as a Wagon Dray in historical writings. Painted brown and black. The wagon has rear brakes, wooden, operated from a metal handle at the front of the Wagon. Front wheels are attached to a turnstile to allow easy turning of the wagon. This flat-topped, horse driven, four-wheeled Wagon was used for cartage by the business of Manifold & Bostock, Warrnambool. The original sign writing of the wagon is obscured or painted over. There is a feint mark of lettering to the sides and back edges of the cart Manifold & Bostock. "Manifold and Bostock" very feintflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cartage, manifold and bostock of warrnambool, manifold family of western victoria, bostock family of western victoria, four wheeled wagon, wagon, horse drawn wagon, farm wagon, aitkin, aitkin bostock manifold, dray, aitkin family, cart, aitken, flour mill

Plan of Yan Yean Water Supply System, showing natural and constructed features from 1850s to 1930s from Silver Creek Weirs to Eastern Freeway.Printed in colour one side. 3 copieswater supply, yan yean reservoir, plenty river

This photograph is of Lake Kerferd in the early 1900s. Both the spillway for the lake and the jetty can be seen. There is also a road that wraps around the lake and eventually disappears into the trees. This photograph is significant because it shows Lake Kerferd at the beginning of the twentieth century. The lake itself is significant because it was Beechworth's main source of water. This made it very important to the community.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on paperLake Kerferd, Beechworth / spillway, lake, dam, lake kerferd, kerferd, road, photograph, trees, gum tree, jetty, wooden fence, gravel road, australia, victoria, beechworth, 1900s beechworth, waterworks, water, water supply

The photograph shows two modes of transport in the early 1900s. Mr F. Gibbs is driving the bullock team and Mr G. Nixon and his family are in the car.This is a pictorial record of transport in Orbost in the early 20th century.A black / white photograph post card showing a bullock team and a motor car.on front at top - " F Gibbs; W.W. G. Nixon, Orbost." on front at bottom - "The two modes of travelling in East Gippsland" on back is a letter from "Jack & Nell to "Alice" transport bullock-team nixon-george

A photograph taken in the early 1900s, depicting a race meeting at Baarmutha Park in Beechworth. Patrons are scattered in formal dress, enjoying a band playing beside the grandstand. This postcard provides insight to the lives and activities of the residences of Beechworth during the early 1900s, specifically in their enjoyment of Baarmutha park and its continued role in the Beechworth community. Black and white rectangular postcard printed on card Reverse: POST CARD / Correspondence / Address. / 942 / 78 / Race meeting Baarmutha Park about 1900 / 6957 entertainment album, beechworth, burke museum, baarmutha park, races, race meeting, horse racing, grandstand

Both uterine and anal pessaries were in use from the early part of the 1900s. This particular type of pessary was in general use from the 1960s to the mid 1970s.Hodges-style intrauterine pessary with three cross bars.intrauterine device

Pride family used the deck house of the Scammell to build a house in Torquay. This photo shows 14 members of the Pride family from around the early 1900s.pride family, scammel deckhouse

Information compiled on the centenary of the railway extension in 2002.Hand written transcription of article from the Heidelberg Historical Society newsletter, undated but thought to be 2002. Includes reference to a "collection of extension items in the then Heidelberg News of the 1890s - 1900s". Includes reference to opening of the line in June 1902. 4 pages. Second and third folder includes transcriptions of newspaper articles and notes from Public Records Office Victoria archives and illustrations HG Folders 14, 58 and 105harry gilham collection, heidelberg-eltham railway extension, railway line construction

Book. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. 200 page hardback collection of verse by C. J. Dennis. Glossary of Australian vernacular on last 6 pages. Published and printed by E. W. Cole, Book Arcade, Melbourne. No date indicated but could be early 1900s ? Catalogue sticker '2002 DEN' on spine. Handwritten in ink opposite contents page '' A Chisholm Maryborough''.C. J. Dennisbooks, collections, poetry, alec h chisholm collection, c.j.dennis, poetry

Cardboard box, originally a packaging for chocolates. Lid depicts a woman dressed in early 1900s fashion holding a racquet. 'SCHRAFFT'S CHOCOLATES' and 'COPYRIGHT 1904, W.F. SCHRAFFT & SONS' printed on lid next to image. Blue ribbon is attached to sides of lid and tied in a bow on top centre. Box contains only a loose rice paper lining. Materials: Cardboard, Ink, Papertennis

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Hotel: Golden Gully. A weatherboard hotel occupied this site from the 1850s. Its replacement was for many years owned by Edward Martin, who erected the present façade. It was de-licensed in 1916, but continued for a few years as a shop. Tragically many of the interior fittings were stolen, however, in more recent years it has been refurbished as a restaurant. The clip is in a foldernewspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Document, Spying on the Goldfields by Ralph Birrell, Dissatisfaction over the licence issue that festered on the Victorian Goldfields during the early 1850s, might be said to have its genisis at Reid's Creek on the Ovens goldfield. Soon it spread to other fields and particularly to Bendigo Creek where in 1853 it found overt expression in protest meetings and in the formation of the Red Ribbon Movement. Published in the Victorian Historical Journal, Vol.66, No.1, June 1995.Ralph Birrelldocument, names of bendigo pioneers, bendigo

Seymours was previously known as the Soldiers' Hotel, and the North Grenville Hotel. It was built in the late 1850s, and is classified by the National Trust. The hotel closed suddenly on 27 July 2018. A number of photographs showing windows and doors at Seymours Hotel. soldiers' hotel, north grenville hotel, ballarat, soldiers' hill, hotels, windows, doors, architectural features

This photograph was taken in the early 1900s, documenting a boy standing beside a large circus elephant with painted polka dots, from a travelling circus which visited Beechworth.This photograph provides insight to the especially noteworthy events and attractions, such-as the travelling circus, that were enjoyed by Beechworth residences during the early 1900s. Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paperReverse: 3414entertainment album, beechworth, burke museum, circus, elephant, travelling circus

This book, ‘Angel’s Brother’ by Eleanora H. Stooke was a prize given to a pupil (name unknown) by the Christ Church Sunday School, Warrnambool in 1909. The Sunday School of the Anglican Church in Warrnambool dates from the 1850s and by 1909 it was an established tradition for most children whose parents belonged to the Anglican Church to attend a Sunday School. In 1906 there were about 30 teachers taking 45 pupils in the morning session and 177 pupils in the afternoon session. The highlights of the year were the Sunday School picnic held at various venues and the annual prizegiving day. In 1909 a cantata, ‘The Fairy Chain’ was performed by Sunday School students in the Oddfellows Hall. The Vicar in 1909 was Archdeacon Peacock (1906-1912) and in 1908 he introduced a Church Stamp System at the Sunday School whereby children were given stamps and pictures for an album to record their attendance and instruction. This book is significant because it is an example of the type of prize given to the prizewinners at the Christ Church Sunday School in Warrnambool in 1909. The prize, a book, has a story that has heavy Christian religious and moral overtones and the English Religious Tract Society produced books especially for the Sunday School prizegiving market. This is a hard cover book of 314 pages pus several pages detailing other books recently published. The book is a children’s book given as a prize by Christ Church Sunday School, Warrnambool in 1909. It has a brown cover with an inset of a sketch of a young woman holding an umbrella and a sea or a lake setting in the background. The colours of the sketch are blue, white and black and the sketch is set in a decorative border. A similar decorative pattern is on the spine of the book. There are several black and white plates in the book relating to the story. The inscription plate inside has both printed material in blue print and handwritten material in black ink. Front Cover: ‘Angel’s Brother, Eleanora H. Stooke’ Book Plate inside: ‘Christ Church Sunday School, Warrnambool, presented to Ethel … (name scratched out), Class VI, Teacher, Miss Ware, A.E.Peacock, Vicar, J.Ward, S.Smith, Superintendents, Advent, 1909.’ christ church warrnambool sunday school, archdeacon peacock, warrnambool

This image depicts a group of local counsellors from the Shire of Beechworth (est. mid to late 1900s). The identities of those within the photo remain unknown. The table and chairs featured in the image were produced in the late 19th century and have been in continual use for more than 100 years. The councellors would likely have convened in the Beechworth Town Hall. A History of Beechworth: Gold was discovered in the May Day Hills district in 1852. A canvas and timber settlement soon developed as prospectors rushed to the area. Over four million ounces of gold was recovered in the first 14 years. Between 1852 and 1857, Beechworth was a gold-producing region and centre of government, boasting many industries and a multicultural population. Beechworth was proclaimed a borough on the 11th of September 1863, a formalisation of the municipal incorporation of the town seven years before. This image is associated with the history of Beechworth; it reveals the identities of local counsellors, persons whose contribution to the Beechworth Shire could otherwise be lost to time. Black and white rectangular photograph, unmounted.beechworth council, indigo shire, local victorian government

Punched cards or Bristol cards were a popular stationary product for embroidery from the 1850s until the 1930s. These cards could be bought as sheets and cut to size for the craft of embroidery.This example of a Victorian embroidered card bookmark on silk is notable in that it is dated 1889. These cards were a popular form of bookmark from the 1850s until the early twentieth century. embroidery, bookmark, bristol card, punch cards, stationary

The store is understood to have been first owned by the Treloar and Nicholls families before being purchased by J. H. Morgan (father of H. R.. Morgan) in the early 1900s.Black and white copy of original photograph which shows the general store run by three generations of the Morgan family when it was being managed by H. R. Morgan (between 1930 and 1956). The photograph shows a store with large windows, a square parapet, and a verandah which is supported by four posts. A petrol bowser is outside the store near the road on the right of the photo. A sign on the parapet reads 'LINTON ECONOMIC STORE', and a sign across the verandah reads 'H.R. MORGAN GENERAL STORE'.linton economic store, h. r. (harold robert) morgan, shops, sussex street linton

Book. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. Small soft cover book of 1200 Sacred Songs and Solos, revised and enlarged with standard hymns. Compiled under the direction of Ira D. Sankey. Date unknown, perhaps early 1900s. Published by Morgan, Marshall & Scott Ltd., London and Edinburgh. Printed by R W. Simpson Co. Ltd., London. Catalogue sticker ''2207 SAN''.Ira D Sankeybooks, collections, songs, alec h chisholm collection, ira d sankey, sacred songs, hymns

Found at Allen's Flat on the Buckland Goldfield, site of Allen and Farleys Store which was traded during the 1850s through to the 1860s. Site of reported violence during the Buckland Riot in 1857.Artifact from an area that reportedly had a population of 5,000 during the goldrush of 1850s but now virtually a deserted and overgrown valley. oval, blue and white willow ware design, crockerymakers stamp on back, crown above sash with letters, J ? ? ?, behive underneath, partly surrounded by a laurel ? wreath. Numeral 3 adjacent to the makers stampkitchen ware, flat, crockery, willow ware, buckland, allens

Victoria Theatre is a reconstructed 1850s theatre situated in Main Road, Sovereign Hill, Ballarat. In this picture are second from left Andrew Dark, fourth from left Peter Eyres.Five performers on stage at the Victoria Theatre at Sovereign Hill. sovereign hill, victoria theatre, ballarat, dark, eyres, goldfields, music, andrew dark, peter eyres

This souvenir of the Coronation of Edward V11 in 1902 was produced by William Ferguson when he was the Mayor of Warrnambool (1901-2). Ferguson was a jeweller, optician and watchmaker in Timor Street in the early 1900s. This is an interesting item as an example of the fervor with which the coronation of a King of England was celebrated in Warrnambool in 1902. It was appropriate at the time that the Mayor of Warrnambool should issue a commemorative ribbon as a loyal gesture from the civic authorities. This is a fragment of red silk ribbon which was a souvenir piece produced by William Ferguson in 1902 to celebrate the Coronation of King Edward V11 of England. The ribbon is braided at the sides and frayed at the edges and has a split in the middle and tears across the top section. The ribbon has an imprint of the Royal Crest, the side profiles of Edward and Alexandra and the Town of Warrnambool crest. ‘Born 1841, Crowned 1902, Edwardvs V11 Rex et Imp et Alexandra, Reg. 1902, Presented by W. Ferguson, Mayor, June 26th 1902’edward v11 coronation, william ferguson, warrnambool

Folding button hook would have been used for bringing buttons through button holes for clothing such as gloves in Victorian times. this item dates from early 1900s to 1930s.Used by resident of the Kiewa Valley.Silver metal oval surrounding a straight silver metal prong which has a hook at one end and, at the other end, is attached to the oval shape which comes in and extends as a short handle. The hook is hinged on to the oval shape enabling the hook to be pushed out creating a long tool for hooking buttons. May be used on clothing including gloves. button hook, shoes, gloves, boots, clothig, victorian, folding button hook

Four pages of photographs of members of the Christian Family including Violet Christian, aged nineteen years; family group at Myoora; Violet in early 1900s and Thomas Christian in late 1880s.christian grace, christian alison, christian violet mary, christian may, christian gertrude, christian dorothy, christian ian, myoora, christian thomas, player c., richards h.

This pocket First Aid kit is small and compact which became available to those venturing out in the outback and required an easily managed first aid kit. It was manufactured in the mid 1900s well before vinyl and or plastic pouches or bags where used. It was in an era where valuable items were stored in durable containers due to the harsh and rugged conditions of the Australian bush. Cheaper and less durable containers from Asian manufacturers had been kept out by the heavy Tariff imposed on their goods. This changed in the 1980's when the Tariff Board was dismantled by a then Labour Government. The Australian manufacturing industry was severely reduced by the Influx of cheaper goods. This item was made by an Australian company when the motto "true blue" was the catch cry for quality Australian made goods. This was in the period where the isolation of many rural communities required the basic first aid kits to be of a tougher quality than those offered in large cities and towns.This pocket first aid kit was very compact and would have been easy to carry without taking up too much space for bush walkers, camping scouts, drovers and independent miners and cattlemen. The Kiewa Valley and surrounding rural settlements did not have the medical backup that the larger cities and towns had up until the mid 1900s when the Hydro Electricity Schemes were built and the additional influx of workers made it feasible to have a hospital and better local health facilities. This influx of the construction workers associated with the Hydro Scheme. also brought European workers who where more inclined to go bush walking and climbing the Victorian alps than the average Australian rural worker. This item is a Sanax pocket first aid round tin, gold in colour with red and white print. It's contents are: one small tube of Sanax antiseptic cream, one small one inch x six yards of gauze bandages, rubber band type ligatures with a cast iron tightener., one small tweezers three safety pins, and one lancet.On the lid there are: are outlined white cross on a blue circular background. underneath is a whiite circle encased with a red line with the following printed "Sanax pocket first aid case" (in red print underneath this is a small curved blue background and in black print "No. 26"medicine, first aid tin, camping medical supplies, personal first aid, sanax

Beautifully ornamented and engraved Scottish military dirk dating from the 1790s, presented to Comunn Na Feinne Society Geelong in the 1850s and passed on to Newtown Council during their reinvigoration of the Highland Gathering.

Wombat Park Estate began in 1854 when squatter William Edward Stan Ridge built a modest timber dwelling. It was transported to Daylesford in the 1930s. The garden was first planted in the early 1850s.A white double storey building in Daylesford called Astley. It was associated with the property "Wombat Estate". Caretaker Stuart Henderson stands in the garden.astley, daylesford, stuart henderson, stanbridge

Cr John H. Gervasoni's great grandfather was born in Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy, and settled at Yandoit Creek near Daylesford. He served for the Mt Franklin Road Board in the early 1900s.Colour photograph of Mayor of Kew Cr John Hogan Gervasoni, and his father Gus Gervasoni. The photo is taken at the Kew Civic Centre in Charles Street, Kew. john hogan gervasoni, gus gervasoni, mayor, cit of kew, kew civic centre

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Billygoat Gruff: Billycart racing in the early 1900s. Alex Brown is holding the goat and the driver is unknown. Billycart racing was a most popular pastime, and crowds would appear from out of nowhere. The goats were notoriously unpredictable and liable to run in any direction. Some would even be led by the old carrot on a stick trick. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were