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Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyChurch Collection Receptacles, circa1900s
This church collection bag is quite unique in that it has three grip handles, not the usual two. Why three. It may represent the holy trinity of, the father,the son and the holy spirit. Historically this might be used to reinforce the holy trinity belief which at the time of this item's construction was under threat. The threat came from splinter Christian sects such as the Church Of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints which have a Godhead of a council of three deities and there are other christian religions of only one deity covering the father,the son and the holy spirit.This collection bag for offerings, was the main method available towards the upkeep of the church and its parish during this era. Broadcasting of religious services was not as prolific as in the late 1900s and into the 2000s. It was a time when visualisation of the support of religion(especially in rural ares) was an important social factor. The God "fearing" beliefs within society of this period, provided the strong moral fabric which permitted settlements that did not have a strong law enforcement section to prosper and develop without fear or "favour". The collection bag was, and is still, a physical endorsement of support towards the church and what it stands for. This was a time when it was a social requirement to be seen in the church building and supporting fellow parishioners. The ingrained Australian psyche of supporting anyone that needed help, was a result of this period.Church collection/donation bag. Simple construction of two round frames with three opposing handles nailed together to hold firm a small dark blue cloth pocket/bag. All fastened by nails to the handle/frame and the large pocket allows for a reasonable amount of coin or notes to be offered.religion, collection receptacles, christian offerings, church protocols -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyMug Stoneware
This ceramic mug is titled "Bill Bogong's Mug" in honour of one of Australia's Scouting (Rovers) notable office holders, Mr.W.F."Bill" Waters. He was born on 22nd August 1897 in Taralgon, Victoria, Australia and died 8th October 1968 in Fitzroy, Victoria. He was instrumental in the Rovers building two chalets in the Victorian Alps. The Victorian Award of the National Rover Service Award(1980) has been named after Bill Waters. Bill Waters was also the leader of the first team that climbed Mount Bogong in winter in 1929. Also was part of rescue team of what is now know as the Cleve Cole tragedy on Mt Bogong in the mid 1930's. There is also a water fall named after him Waters Falls on the Bogong High Plains. W.F."Bill" Waters aka "Bill Bogong" (Bogong mountain, were his ashes were scattered), was not only a prominent bush walker (Melbourne Walking Club) of the high country (Victorian Alps) but was instrumental in establishing two Chalets. One of these Chalets was the first one to be built on the Bogong High Plains. This item, "Bill Bogong's Mug" is what the Flinders Petrie(famous English Egyptologist/Archaelogist) Rover Crew(formed in 1940) presented newly invested members of the exclusive(200 membership) Alpine Rover Crew. The Melbourne Walking Club has a long history with the Victorian High Plains area, of which the Kiewa Valley is an integral part of the Victorian Alpine Region. Due to the connections Bill Waters has with the Bogong High Plains and Mt Bogong this cup has a lot of significance to the social history of the area.. Round glazed stoneware mug, white in colour, with a heritage green coloured band covering the top rim and handle. Written inscription on the front "Bill Bogong's Mug" in large print and beneath it, in smaller print, "with compliments from Flinders Petrie Rover Crew" The other side of the mug is a free hand landscaped drawing of green bush and blue hills with a tree supporting a tent and a camp fire (with smoke rising from it).To the left of the inscription is the Scout (Rover) emblem coloured black with an unraveled and unwritten signage scroll fowler ceramics, local alpine history, alpine rovers, scouts, mugs, mt bogong, bogong high plains -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyPolisher Floor, Hoover Appliances, Meadowbank
This appliance was a time saving method of cleaning floors. It appeared at a time (after World War II) when the domestic pressures faced by mothers and domestic staff was on the increase. The necessary "working parents" was through necessity becoming part of the "typical" family environment. It was the start of the ever increasing demand, from an economical reason, for both parents to work outside their property. Historically the period of the 1950s was one of extreme changes. It was an era where established role models were under pressure from an ever increasing demand for new and advancing consumerism. Communication levels via radio, newspapers and television was expanding at an ever increasing rate. Relatively isolated rural areas were opening up (post war) to foreign ideologies of consumerism. The basic restraints of "this will be alright mate, she'll do" was under a slow but effective take over. "I can get this done faster by this new whiz bang gadget that I saw on the TV last night!" was the new way to live by.This item is very significant in that it demonstrates the new consumerism at its infant stage of the social changes occurring due to greater communication levels between the rural Australian communities and other advancing communities world wide. The Kiewa Valley residents (mainly from the intermingling of rural and post World War II refugees working at the construction of the Victorian Hydro electricity installations, resulted in this rural area becoming integrated to new ways of living (both socially and economically). Once the attitude of "we have always done it this way mate!" was challenged and overcome, the acceptance of new time saving "gadgets" which started to pour in from foreign markets, the relative isolation of the Kiewa Valley (being mainly psychological entrenched), was over.This hoover electric floor scrubber and polisher has a main base containing two brushes (can be replaced with polishing pads). The two brushes/pads are fastened or removed from the base unit by pulling/pushing the heads from the small hexagonal shaft on the bottom of the machine motor. A pressure sensitive wire is inlaid at the brush/pad end to hold the brush/pad unit onto the shaft. The discs body and main body covering the electric motor are made from sturdy plastic. The rest of the appliance materials i.e. upright handle and the u framed attaching arm are made from lightweight powder coated steel. A small (350mm) red coloured foot switch protrudes from the back of the motor to release the the upright handle from the storage position to the action position.There are two fork shaped brackets on the rear of the handle, for securing the 6.5 metre long electrical cord and plug. There is no on/off switch on the appliance. A small stainless steel "u" framed clip (for hanging the appliance in the vertical position) for cupboard storage. Within the circle of the cleaning brush is stamped "1 above S.A.B.351" and on the opposite side P/No: 5023792". On the main plastic head of the brush discs are "TO CLEAN" and under this "USE ONLY WARM(underlined) WATER AND SOAP" on the opposite side, and within a circle is the Hoover Trademark. On the front of the blue coloured plastic dome covering the electric motor is (on a raised domed shaped plaque (on a red background) Hoover in slanted print from left to right(in a diagonal level)domestic appliances, floor cleaning, electric floor scrubbers and polishers -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyIron Hand Kerosene, mid to late 1900s
The 1950's saw a revolution in small appliances for use in the average household. This hand held self heating(kerosene) iron was introduced as a time saving and more convenient iron for pressing clothes and other cloth fabrics. It replaced irons needing a separate fire source to heat the ironing plate. These irons continued to be in service, even when electricity was available in cities and larger rural towns (domestic electric steam irons were invented in 1938). This item was used before and during the electricity supplies available from the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme. These irons remained in use within regional rural areas that had limited or unreliable electrical reticulation.In the 1950s and later the Kiewa Valley was still a relatively isolated region which was home to rural properties and small settlements. The availability of electricity and or the financial means to afford new types of electric hand irons ensured that older and sometimes less efficient ironing remained for an extended period covering the 1960s to 1970s. Kerosene products, such as this kerosene iron was a cheaper method for farm based domestic and other rural activities requiring a heat source. The use of kerosene as a heat/light source was able to be supplied in bulk and able to be used when floods severed vital roads into this region. The supply of electricity was in summer time subject to interruption from bush fire damaged wooden poles carrying the electrical cables. Self sufficiency by rural populations was the backbone of survival and the ability to store energy sources "on the farm" was a prerequisite of isolated regions, such as the Kiewa Valley, circa 1950s.This Coleman kerosene iron has a solid steel chrome plated(press) base with a painted (blue) wooden handle. The handle is stud fastened onto an oblong shaped rolled steel handle frame and screwed (two screws) onto the base plate. Both the heating plate and the top securing plate are shaped similar to a river boat. The main housing enclosing the heating element is enamel coated(blue in colour) steel and has a half hole for lighting the kerosene at the rear end. Behind the handle and protruding upwards is a stainless steel fully enclosed container (bowl shaped) for the main supply of kerosene to the burner or generator(enclosed within the main body of the iron. The bowl has an air valve and inlet for pressurised air intake (hand pump) On the bottom rear of the fuel bowl there is a screw regulated fuel pump. The fuel heated base plate provides the heat for this advertised "self heating iron(instant lighting). See KVHS 0347B- Instruction sheet; KVHS 0347C- Wrench; and KVHS 0347D Fuel can.Stamped on the base plate of the handle, front region "COLEMAN LAMP & STOVE CO." below this "WICHITA KAN" below this"TORONTO CAN". In the middle of the handle base and in larger print "COLEMAN Instant-Lite" At the rear location in large print "MODEL 4" in smaller print below "MADE IN U.S.A." below this "PAT#1718473"household appliances, alternative non electrical ironing appliances, domestic appliances, kerosene appliances -
Eltham District Historical Society IncPhotograph, Main Road, Eltham South, near Eltham Park, flooded by the Diamond Creek, 30 Nov. 1934
Near Eltham Park (now known as Eltham Lower Park), floodwaters from the Diamond Creek cut off the Main road into Eltham at Bremner’s Flats (present day Wingrove Park). In the distance, left of centre, is Mr. Montieth's Ford Wagonette stranded in the floodwater near Wingrove Cottage. “On the Lower Eltham Reserve the water was nearly five feet deep across the reserve and over a mile along the road. All the week-end shops are surrounded. For over 40 years flood waters have not reached this unprecedented level.” - Advertiser, Friday November 30, 1934, p7 "Whilst we were at the shop a "tidal" wave occured . There used to be a Mr. Monteith who ran a Model T Ford bus from the Eltham Railway Station down the main street. The bus would hold seven, six seated in the back, 3 aside a seventh standing on the step on the middle of the back hanging on to two small hand rails. The bus was caught by the flood and was abandoned not far from our shop in the paddocks towards the Higher Elementary School. It was there for days and after the flood waters receded, Mr. Monteith, after removing all the mud and debris gave the engine one turn with the handle and it started first time! So the story goes! " (Doug Orford Reminiscences, 2004) The 1934 flood of the Diamond Creek and Yarra River is the highest recorded flooding in the district and set the standard for the current planning flood plain level.Black and white photograph showing the floodwater from Diamond Creek across Main Road in 1934. Left of centre shows Mr. Montieth's Ford Wagonette in the floodwater in the distancefloods, main road, eltham south, diamond creek (creek), wingrove cottage, wingrove park, bus services, bremner's flat, eltham park, ford wagonette, mr. montieth, floodwater, reminscences -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Tools, Hand Working Tool, Late 19th century/early 20th century
This tool belonged to Ernest Brighton Phillips, a Warrnambool furniture maker. Ernest Phillips (1875-1924) was born in Warrnambool and learnt his carpentry trade at the Warrnambool Box Works. In the late 1890s Phillips established a furniture store at the corner of Liebig and Koroit streets and by the early 20th century he had the largest furniture warehouse and factory in Victoria outside of Melbourne. His products were sold all over Australia. Phillips and his family lived at ‘Heatherlie’ in Koroit Street. Today this property is the site of the residential complex for senior citizens known as ‘Heatherlie’. This tool is of considerable interest as it belonged to Ernest Phillips, a prominent businessman in Warrnambool at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It is also of interest as a good example of a tool that was in use 100 years ago. This is a small tool with a wooden handle. The top part of the handle that screws in is missing. The tool is attached to the handle by a brass ring and a screw and the tool itself is a thin nail-like piece of metal with a small metal piece at the end in the shape of a star with six points. This end piece gouges out a hole or a pattern in wood or other hard material. The tool belonged to Ernest Phillips and his name is stamped on the handle. Three oblong-shaped metal nails were also with this tool but were not necessarily used with it. ‘E. Phillips’ernest phillips, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Tools, Spoke Shavers x 2, Late 19th century/early 20th century
Spoke shaves were used by woodmakers to shape curved surfaces (originally wheel spokes). These two spoke shaves belonged to Ernest Phillips of Warrnambool who would have used them to shape the surfaces of chair and table legs etc. Ernest Brighton Phillips (1875-1924) was the son of Henry Phillips (a hay and corn dealer in Warrnambool) and his wife, Emma. He learned cabinet making at the Box Works in Warrnambool and in the late 19th century established a furniture-making and selling business at the corner of Liebig and Koroit Streets. By the early 20th century he had the largest furniture warehouse and factory in Victoria outside Melbourne and sold his products all over Australia. He and his family lived at ‘Heatherlie’ in Koroit Street and after his death this Phillips house was acquired by the Methodist Church and the Heatherlie Homes for retired people were built on this site.These tools are of considerable significance as they were used by Ernest Phillips, a prominent businessman in Warrnambool during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These are two spoke shaves - small planes, slightly curved, with wooden handles and a metal blade in the middle. The blade is attached to the handles via metal ends which go through holes in the wood. The blade area is strengthened with metal plates attached by metal screws. The metal parts are well-rusted and the handles are somewhat worn. ‘E. Phillips’ etched into wood on each spoke shave.ernest phillips, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool RSL Sub BranchWW2 Mess tin, 1943
Standard issue mess tin for Commonwealth Forces during WW2This Mess tin belonged to a local lady who served in the WAAAF during WW2Squire Mess tin in two sections,one fits inside the other for easy storage and to carry. They both have a wire handle which is attached at the ends of the tins and can be folded for storage. This particular tin comes with a cover.On the small section Malley 1943 D^D ^AD On the larger tin ^TM 1943 D^D -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Domestic object - Serving dish, Late 19th century
This plate was presented in 1900 to a Warrnambool lawyer, William Ardlie, on the occasion of his marriage to Maud Taylor. It was recovered from the fire which destroyed the Hotel Mansions building in Warrnambool in 1929. This building was opened in 1890 as the Grand Ozone Coffee Palace (a temperance hotel). It was at the corner of Koroit and Kepler Streets. In 1891 the Coffee Palace was granted a wine licence and in 1895 it was re-named the Ozone Hotel. The building was closed in 1915 and re-opened in 1920 as the Hotel Mansions. In 1923 the Hotel Mansions became a fully-licensed hotel and in 1929 it was destroyed by fire. The present-day Hotel Warrnambool was built on the site. William Ardlie, the son of a pioneer Warrnambool settler, John Ardlie, began practising as a lawyer in Warrnambool in the mid 1860s and dominated the legal scene in Warrnambool, continuing on his practice until he was over 80. He and his second wife, Maud, were occupying an apartment in the Hotel Mansions when it was destroyed by fire and this plate is a relic of the fire. The Warrnambool Bowling Club which presented the plate to William Ardlie, was established early in the 1890s and William Ardlie was an enthusiastic supporter and one-time office bearer.This plate is of great significance as it was one of the few items that still exist that was recovered from the 1929 Hotel Mansions fire and its story contains so much of Warrnambool’s history with its connections to:- 1. The story of the Hotel Mansions, the grandest building ever erected in Warrnambool 2. The story of William Ardlie, a dominant figure in the legal world in Warrnambool for over 60 years 3. The story of the Warrnambool Bowls Club, still existing today. This is a silver plate with an oval base with an inside ring and a rim of scroll patterning. The recessed edges of the plate are highly ornamented with scrolls and flower patterning. Parts of the edge of the plate are missing and jagged as this plate has been in a major fire. On the base of the plate are three silver studs for the plate to rest on a surface. The fourth stud is missing. On the rim of the plate are two small projections, suggesting the plate originally had a handle. On the base of the plate is an inscription.‘Presented by the members of the Warrnambool Bowling Club to William Ardlie Esq.re (ex President) on the occasion of his WEDDING, 10th January 1900.’ grand ozone coffee palace/ozone hotel/ hotel mansions, warrnambool, william ardlie, warrnambool bowls club, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Functional object - Seal, Warrnambool Road Board, Circa 1855
This item has historical significance, being the official seal of the Warrnambool Roads Board which existed 1854-1863. The Roads Board cleared tree stumps and built the early streets in Warrnambool, built and maintained all the early roads and bridges in the district.Small round brass seal with wooden handle. Handle has been carved from hardwood using a lathe. Seal has the words 'WARRNAMBOOL' and 'BOARD' arranged around the outer circumference of the seal and 'ROADS' across the diameter. These words are upper case, indented and reversed, in order to form a positive impression. warrnambool, shire of warrnambool -
Ringwood and District Historical SocietyMemorabilia, G.W. Catanach, Scissors used by Mrs Herman Pump to open Heathmont Railway Station in May 1926, 1926
Scissors were used by Mrs. Herman Pump (Louise) to cut the ribbon to open Heathmont Railway Station May 1926.Ceremonial scissors in small case 13cm x 8cm hinged on short side, metal clip on closing. Scissors 10cm long x 5.2cm wide handles. Case is black felt exterior and black felt interior one side and blue padded side with inscription. Opening of Heathmont Railway Station +Additional Keywords: Pump, Herman (Grandfather of donor) / Pump, Wilfred (Father of donor) / Pump, Louise (Grandmother of donor)G.W. Catanach Diamond Jeweller and Watchmaker Lit Collins Street Melbourne. -
Ringwood and District Historical SocietyAward - Trophy, Ringwood District State Schools Swimming Assoc.Cup, 1961
Presentation Cup awarded annuallyRingwood District State Schools Swimming Assoc.metal cup on Bakelite base with two small plaques winners 1961-1969 and on it.Cone shaped with two scrolled handles, separate lid and with cylindrical lifting knob.Ringwood District State Schools Swimming Assoc. -
Orbost & District Historical Societyiron
Iron was heated on top of stove. Often the person ironing had two irons - one to iron with and the other heating on stove ready to use when the other cooled down. They were heavy to use and were generally cleaned with bees' wax and a cloth before use. Wooden handles were patented in 1865.This item is an example of a domestic appliance in common usage before the advent of electricity.Small rusty flat iron.domestic iron flat-iron -
Orbost & District Historical Societylantern, 1939?
Blackout lantern used in WW11. This type of lantern was used during both World War. It is an artillery siege lamp and was originally used by artillery units. The lamps were powered by a single candle, the light being magnified by a lens. A shutter closes over the lens to give an illuminated vertical line. They were used originally in fortified siege artillery positions as a general purpose lamp. They were also used as aiming lamps when they were placed in front of artillery positions and used as a guide in aiming at night. These lamps were often used on the front of bicycles to guide at night. Donated by Clem Heather. Forestry Commision, carved faces on trees with axe., builder of tall. spliced single pole fire towers. This item is considered rare and important. It is historically and technically siginficant at a national level.Small black metal blackout lantern with handle. Front of lantern has round shield with small slit - small door at side for easy lighting of candle. It is hand held or placed on flat area, open base so candle can be inserted and 'screwed' in. Front is a magnifying glass and it has metal lens cover with vertical slit. lantern blackout ww11 military candle-power lamp -
Orbost & District Historical Societycheese mold
This domestic kitchen appliance is typical of the period when food processing was done at home. It would have been before the time of mass food processing factoriesVery rusted round tin with detachable bottom and lid for easy removal of cheese. Small eyelets on each side and large handles each side. Top and bottom lids have holes in them to allow moisture to escape.cheese-mould domestic food-preparation -
Orbost & District Historical Societyvase
Small ceramic vase with light blue background colour and roses with foliage on front.Scalloped opening and gold handles.vase ornament-ceramic -
Orbost & District Historical Societyspoon, 1901-1906
A souvenir of Federation Day January 1 1901.The souvenir teaspoon commemorates the federation of the Australian colonies Small silver Federation teaspoon. plain bowl with ornate handle showing the flag and "one people,one destiny, one flag". Top is red, white and blue.On back Rd No 346138 Pictures of crown, lion, anchor and ?souvenir teaspoon federation silver memento -
Orbost & District Historical Societyspoon, 1938
Used as advertising for David Jones centenary (1838-1938). A small spoon in electroplated silver with a circular bowl and flat handle terminating in a flat finial in the form of a stylised covered cup (trophy). The bottom part of the trophy is embraced by a scroll with the inscription '1838 CENTENARY 1938', the reeded body of the cup features overlapping initials 'DJ' in the centre and the number '100' applied just below the domed cover with a ball finial. The back of stem is stamped with two marks 'EPNS' and 'ENGLAND' in an oval. Inscription on finial '1838 CENTENARY 1938', 'DJ' and '100'.spoon souvenir david-jones silver centenary -
Orbost & District Historical Societykettle, first half 20th century
Small copper kettle with carved black wooden handle.kettle cooking copperware domestic food-preparation -
Orbost & District Historical Societydish, first half 20th century
Owned and used by Mary Gilbert, teacher and historian.This item has aesthetic significance and is an example of domestic tableware imported from Japan after WW11.Small leaf-shaped ceramic platter with gold leaf. Edged in gold with gold plated handle, pink flowers and gol leaves. Back - "Japan'platter gold-plated crockery -
Orbost & District Historical Societyfly catcher, circa 1890
Mankind has been bothered by flies ever since time began. This has led to the invention of a number of different fly traps or fly catchers.Glass fly traps were popular during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The flies, being attracted by some sweet liquid or other bait in the bottom, were unable to find their way out. This trap has small glass legs enabling it to be used standing on a flat surface such as a table. Most were suspended by wire handles. This is an example of a common domestic item no longer commonly used today.Moulded clear glass fly catcher on small glass legs. Glass stopper. A piece of bait is suspended in the centre and the top opening is covered up with a piece of cloth and a fluid such as kerosene or similar is put in the gutter below the outer part of the dome. The flying insect is drawn inside by entering the underside opening and then, when trying to leave, flies against the glass and then drops into the catching fluid below.fly-catcher pest-control glassware -
Orbost & District Historical Societyspoon, Thomas H. Daniel and Thomas R. Arter
Small salt or mustard spoon. Silver with flat handle.Baack- Bengal Silver D & Aspoon cutlery domestic bengal-silver -
Orbost & District Historical Societypaling knife, c. 1890s to 1960s
Used in the timber industry for making split palings. The palings are shaped by hand with the bottom edge put onto the timber and a mallet hit onto the top of the blade. This pre-dates sawn palings. Associated with the timber and household building industry in the Orbost region.A rectangular flat iron blade attached to a wooden handle. The cutting edge of the knife is along the bottom (rather than the end as with an axe). The wooden handle appears to be made from a small tree branch.paling-knife splitting-timber -
Orbost & District Historical Societydrovers stove, c. 1910
Purchased at Herberts Store in Orbost in 1910 possibly by the donor, Mr S Peterson.This is an example of an early cast iron cooking utensil commonly used over an open fire.A cast iron round flat pan with an iron handle. The pan has raised spikes all over it and a small gutter around the edge with a pouring spout.cooking drovers-pan open-fire-cooking -
Orbost & District Historical Societybottle holder
A hand made wooden chip carved bottle holder ( a style of carving in which knives or chisels are used to remove small chips of the material from a flat surface in a single piece). It is an intricate design and has a tall handle with two wide holes on each side.bottle-holder domestic table-setting handcraft carving -
Orbost & District Historical Societybutter pats
These butter pats are typical of the period when food processing was done at home. It would have been before the time of mass food processing factories.A pair of small wooden butter pats with ridged surface on one side and smooth on the back . Each has a hole in the handle for hanging. butter-pats domestic food-preparation -
Orbost & District Historical Societyiron, 1950's - 1970's
A fuel iron with a small cream-porcelained body and black handle . The back is a bulb-shaped container for holding the fuel. This is a kerosene operated Tilley Model DN 250n iron. It has a regulating generator which enables the user to control the heat. iron domestic fuel-iron -
Orbost & District Historical Societylantern, circa 1890
This item is an example of a lighting device used before electricity and battery power were widespread.A small brass Elfin Reflector Night kerosene lantern with a reflector plate at the back. A handle runs around the middle. It has a small canvas wick. The glass is missing.On top of fuel tank-ELFIN REFLECTOR NIGHT LAMP On back-MADE IN U.S.A. BY EDWARD MILLER & CO USA On wicker winder (left) -E. MILLER -CO.U.S.A.lamp lantern kerosene oil lighting miller-edward -
Orbost & District Historical Societybullock bell, late 19th century
... A very corroded metal bullock bell with a handle...-industry livestock A very corroded metal bullock bell with a handle ...Livestock bells were once used extensively throughout the Australian countryside. The first ones were imported from England and America, but gradually local blacksmiths started turning out their own bells. These bells were used on a leader in a bullock team or on other stock so they could be easily located.A very corroded metal bullock bell with a handle and a small round gong.bullock-bell rural-industry livestock -
The Cyril Kett Optometry MuseumEquipment - Ophthalmoscope, unknown, Liebreich ophthalmoscope, cased, 1875 (estimated); late 19th century
Richard Liebreich of Germany invented his design of ophthalmoscope in 1855. This example is complete in its case with Coccius lenses and condensing lenses. Early ophthalmoscopes required an external source of illumination, eg lamp or candle, and light was reflected into the eye to be examined by the mirror on the ophthalmoscope. The earliest versions of the Liebreich ophthalmoscope used a polished metal surface to reflect light; glass mirrors were introduced in 1870. A condensing lens was held in front of the patient to view the image. A Coccius lens could be clipped into the holder to counter ametropia of user or subject.This Liebreich ophthalmoscope is significant for the collection as it is the only complete example of the three held in the collection.Cased Liebreich ophthalmoscope with 5 small coccius glass lenses and 2 glass condensing lenses. Non-illuminated ophthalmoscope has concave mirror in round head with central sight hole.Hinged coccius clip attached to hold lenses. Black metal head, silver coloured mount and black turned timber handle. Case has black leather outer lining and purple velvet and satin inner linings. Case hinged with snap closure. On front of case:"LIEBREICH'S OPHTHALMOSCOPE" 4 of 5 Coccius lenses engraved with powers: "8-", "12-", "-01", "+01"ophthalmoscope, optometry, ophthalmology, liebreich, coccius, lenses, eye examination, fundus, funduscopy, non illuminated, instrument, eye doctor, liebreich ophthalmoscope
