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National Wool Museum
Textile - Blanket, Eagley Mill, 1955-59
This blanket was owned by the Rosenberg family from the late 1950s onwards. It was the donor Denise’s blanket. Born May 1958, her late mother Elfie kept it safe for many decades after Denise had outgrown it. Elfie returned the blanket to Denise 20 years ago, in its current near new condition. Jacques Rosenberg and Elfie née Naparstek, Denise’s parents, met in Melbourne in the Summer of 1950. They both survived being young and Jewish in Europe during the Second World War. Jacques grew up in France and Elfie in Germany, she was a child of the Kindertransport. They married in 1952 and by 1958 had a son and two daughters. Denise, the youngest daughter, donated the blanket on behalf of the Rosenberg family to the National Wool Museum in 2021. The Kindertransport was a program designed to facilitate the immigration of Jewish children from Nazi Germany before the outbreak of the Second World War. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The children were placed in British foster homes, hostels, schools and farms. Tragically, these children were often the only members of their families to survive the tragedies that were to unfold in Europe. Fortunately, Elfie’s parents did survive World War Two by sneaking out of Germany and into the south of France. After Elfie and her sister Serry were Kindertransported, they met up with Salma and Risla Naparstek in Paris in 1947 before migrating to Australia. This blanket originates from the Eagley Mill. They manufactured woollen, worsted and knitwear products from their mill located in Collingwood. Part of Foy & Gibson, the mill had frontages measuring almost two miles within the area bounded by Little Oxford, Wellington, Stanley and Peel Streets in Collingwood. This was the largest manufacturing plant for wool in the Southern Hemisphere at the time. It was also one of the oldest. The first machines for knitting men’s socks were installed in 1896. The site ultimately went into receivership while under new ownership in 1968 and is now high-end real estate. More information about the Mill can be read via Unimelb digitised collection. https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/21262/269411_UDS2010852-85.pdf?sequence=18&isAllowed=y 38”x45” (965 x 1145mm) cream wool blanket. The blanket has white stitching around its edge. Embroidered in the centre of the blanket is a koala eating leaves with accompanying flowers on either side of the marsupial. In the bottom right corner of the blanket a small square label from the Eagley Mills is stitched. This label includes the images of a Sphinx head, a pyramid and a baby’s crib.Eagley / ALL / WOOL / 38”x45” / AWARDED THE CERTIFICATE OF / THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF / PUBLIC HEALTH & HYGIENE LONDONkindertransport, eagley mill, blanket -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This spinning wheel dates from the late 19th century and is German (Saxony) in origin. The bells indicate that it would have been a wedding gift from a groom to a bride or member of her family. It was purchased from Renaissance Antiques, Hawthorn, in 1982.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This wheel was acquired in 1977 from an antique shop in Brighton and was Mr Zakrzewski's second purchase for his spinning wheel collection. It is a Swiss wheel and dates from the late 19th century. It demonstrates a high level of woodworking and engineering skill.Spinning wheelhandicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This wheel is a late 19th century spinning wheel from Japan and was used for spinning silk. It was purchased from Kazari Japanese Interiors in Prahran, after first being offered for sale at Stonnington Antiques Fair.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history silk, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz, handicrafts - history, silk -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This wheel is made from oak and is English, dating from the late 18th century. It was acquired from Margaret and Joan Mellor who had earlier acquired it from Kosminskis.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This wheel is from the Black Forest region of Germany and dates from the late 19th century. It would have been used mostly for spinning flax. It was purchased from MacDonald Antiques at the Hawthorn Market.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history flax, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz, handicrafts - history, flax -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This frame spinning wheel is from Innsbruck in Austria and dates from the late 19th - early 20th century. It was purchased from an Austrian collector in Australia.Spinning wheel handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This spinning wheel is English and is made mainly from oak. It dates from the late 19th century and has elements of Chinoiserie in its design. It was originally bought from Portobello Road, London in quite poor condition and was later exchanged by Mr Eric Corran (a manufacturer of looms and spinning wheels) for a spinning wheel in working order. Mr Corran later sold it to Mr Zakrzewski who restored it.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This spinning wheel was acquired in Seoul, South Korea and dates from the late 19th century.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This wheel is Irish and dates from the late 19th century. It would have been used for spinning flax as well as wool. It was purchased from H. Ringersma, Melbourne.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history flax, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz, handicrafts - history, flax -
National Wool Museum
Spinning Wheel
Part of the Zakrzewski Collection of spinning wheels donated to the National Wool Museum by Mr Wlodzimierz Zakrzewski. For many years, Mr Zakrzewski collected, researched and repaired spinning wheels from all over the world. This spinning wheel is from Germany / Bavaria and dates from the late 19th - early 20th century and has been restored. It was sold to Mr Zakrzewski by a member of the Handweavers and Spinners Guild who had hoped to restore it.Part of the Zakrzewski Spinning Wheel collection.handicrafts - history, spinning wheels, highlights of the national wool museum: the zakrzewski spinning wheel collection - exhibition (28/07/2001 - 02/12/2001), zakrzewski, mr wlodzimierz -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Patons Knitting Book no. 384
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Patons and Baldwins and contains knitting patterns for boys garments.No. / 384 / Patons KNITTING BOOK / No. / 384 / P&B / WOOLS / FROM 5 TO 15 YEARS / 1'6d.knitting handicrafts - history, patons and baldwins (australia) ltd, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Patons Knitting Book no. 440
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Patons and Baldwins and contains knitting patterns for garments for young girls.No. / 440 / Patons KNITTING BOOK / No. / 440 / FROM / 6 TO 14 / YEARS / PATONS / TOTEM / DOUBLE QUICK / HIGHLAND SPORTS / BLUEBELL CREPE / BEEHIVE 3-PLY / BEEHIVE 4-PLY / AZALEA / P&B / WOOLS / 1'9knitting handicrafts - history, patons and baldwins (australia) ltd, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Patons Knitting Book no. 476
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Patons and Baldwins and contains knitting patterns for young boys. Interestingly, one of the photos (p.18) has a 1956 Melbourne Olympics poster in the background, which would date this book to c.1955-56.No. 476 / Patons / KNITTING / BOOK / No. 476 / FROM / 5 TO 15 YEARS / P&B / WOOLS / PATONS / AZALEA / DOUBLE QUICK / BLUEBELL or CAIRN / HIGHLAND SPORTS / PATONYLE / TOTEM / 2'-knitting handicrafts - history, patons and baldwins (australia) ltd, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Patons Knitting Book no. 526
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Patons and Baldwins and contains knitting patterns for girls knitted garments.No. 526 / Patons KNITTING BOOK / FOR GIRLS FROM 6 TO 14 YEARS / No. / 526 / PATONS / BLUEBELL - SWIFTAKNIT - CAIRN / AZALEA DOUBLE QUICK / HIGHLAND SPORTS / PATYONYLE, 4 Ply / BEEHIVE, 4 Ply / TOTEM CATKIN / P&B / WOOLS / 2'-knitting handicrafts - history, patons and baldwins (australia) ltd, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Patons Knitting Book no. 619
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Patons and Baldwins and contains knitting patterns for young girls garments.JET . TOTEM . BLUEBELL . PATONYLE 4-PLY . CONFETTI FLECKS / AZALEA . NYLETTE . HIGHLAND . FUZZY WUZZY / No. 619 / Patons / KNITTING BOOK 619 / WITH T.V. DESIGNS / Handknits for Girls / 6 to 16 years 25 - 34 inch / 2'-knitting handicrafts - history, patons and baldwins (australia) ltd, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Paragon Knitting Book no. 2
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. It was produced by Paragon and contains knitting patterns for clothes for babies and young children.PARAGON BABY BOOK / 6 MONTHS TO 2 YEARS / No. 2 / 1'3knitting handicrafts - history, paragon art needlecraft, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Bestway Knitting Book no. 81
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. This knitting book contains patterns for womens knitted twin sets.BESTWAY / KNITTING / No. 81 / TWIN SETS / PRICE / 9D. / FOUR SETS / for Adults / ONE SET / for / 10 to 14 / Yearsknitting handicrafts - history, knitting, handicrafts - history -
National Wool Museum
Book, Knitting, Knitcraft Children's Book
This book was owned by the late Dr Elizabeth Kerr and was donated to the Museum by the executor of her estate, Margaret Cameron. Knitcraft (Sydney) produced a regular series of pattern books, as well as one-offs like this. It was edited by Anne Bourne and contains knitting patterns for children's clothes.KNITCRAFT / CHILDREN'S / BOOK / 42 GARMENTS / FOR CHILDREN / 3 TO 14 YEARS / 2'-knitting handicrafts - history, bourne, anne, knitting, handicrafts - history -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Article, An Auction that sounds too good to be true, 19/04/1995
Article in the Gazette advertising the sale of 5 sites in Glenburnie Road, Mitcham. This property is being sold by the Vermont Elderly Peoples Homes Society and was left to the society by the late Mrs Gladys Hauser who lived in Glenburnie Road for many years.land sales, hauser, gladys, glenburnie road, mitcham, vernal avenue, vermont elderly peoples' homes -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Linay story like a Forsyte saga
Letter from Elizabeth Linay Charlton about the life of the Linay family, particularly about Robert Linay who built the original Vermont State School 100 years ago.Letter from Elizabeth Linay Charlton about the life of the Linay family, particularly about Robert Linay who built the original Vermont State School 100 years ago. Robert Linay and his brother migrated to Australia from the Orkney Islands in the mid 1800's and set out for the Ballarat gold fields. He later had a timber mill in Prahran.Letter from Elizabeth Linay Charlton about the life of the Linay family, particularly about Robert Linay who built the original Vermont State School 100 years ago.primary schools, vermont primary school, no. 1022, linay, robert, diggers rest, chapel street, prahran, charlton, elizabeth linay -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Article, Every Picture tells a story, 12/07/1998
Article in 'The Age' Agenda, 12/7/1998 telling the story of the lost McCubbin painting 'Bush Idyll' which is surrounded by mystery. The painting had been missing for 60 years and first came to light in Britain in the late 1970's. In 1984 David Waterhouse, prominent punter and former bookmaker purchased the painting for $150,000 on the condition that he did not sell it for ten years. The painting was set in the bush near Blackburn Lake.artists, mccubbin, frederick, waterhouse, david, yarr, janette, dahl, roald, lloyd-webber, andrew, von guerard, eugene, abrahams, louis, mcintosh, h.d., lury, ralph, nerli, girolami, king, frank, cowden, tony, bond, alan, holmes, a court, robert, bill, blackburn lake sanctuary -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Memorabilia - Ephemera, 60th anniversary, 1987
Invitation to a dinner dance to celebrate the diamond jubilee of the sub-branch of the R.S.L.Invitation to a dinner dance to celebrate the diamond jubilee of the sub-branch of the R.S.L. On the back is a history of the Blackburn R.S.L. adapted from 'Sixty years of standing still' by the late Ron Alexander, life member and state councillor.Invitation to a dinner dance to celebrate the diamond jubilee of the sub-branch of the R.S.L. clubs and associations, blackburn returned servicemens league, alexander, ron -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Pamphlet, The first forty years, 1978
Booklet of history of Vermont Presbyterian Church and later Uniting Church, 1938 - 1978. Prepared by Max Thomson and pioneering elder Charles Jenkins.vermont presbyterian church, vermont uniting church, vermont, churches, jenkins, charles -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - Glass butter churn
Nothing is known about the origin. IN 1895 Emma Blanche Annie Dear married Alfred Ernest Wellard, a young Methodist Minister in Tasmania and this was her churn. The Wellards used it in both Tasmania and Victoria. Later, it was handed on to their daughter Winsome Faith when she married Archibald Dufty, a farmer from the Wimmera. By then it was kept as an interesting relic of earlier days, as farming families in the 1920s and 1930s usually made their butter in Cherry butter churns. In the 1980s it was passed on to their daughter, Patricia Gibbons having only been used at several Farm Day Demonstrations in the previous sixty years.Large glass container, iron mechanism with tin lid for container and a wooden paddle. Wooden handle to turn cog mechanism.glass technology, glassware -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, The Late Mr F Kiker, 1937
Frank Kiker, a well-known and respected figure in the district, who had been resident in Tunstall for over 50 years, died at the age of 78.Frank Kiker, a well-known and respected figure in the district, who had been resident in Tunstall for over 50 years, died at the age of 78.Frank Kiker, a well-known and respected figure in the district, who had been resident in Tunstall for over 50 years, died at the age of 78.kiker, frank -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Obituary - the late Mr A. H. Plumridge, 1937
Arthur Henry Plumridge, associated with the district for over 50 years, was connected with St Luke's Anglican Church in Vermont and a foundation member and office-bearer of the Sailors and Soldiers Fathers Association.Arthur Henry Plumridge, associated with the district for over 50 years, was connected with St Luke's Anglican Church in Vermont and a foundation member and office-bearer of the Sailors and Soldiers Fathers Association.Arthur Henry Plumridge, associated with the district for over 50 years, was connected with St Luke's Anglican Church in Vermont and a foundation member and office-bearer of the Sailors and Soldiers Fathers Association.plumridge, arthur henry, st lukes anglican church vermont, sailors and soldiers fathers association -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - Article, Ruby shines, 27/02/1991
Article in Nunawading Gazette on 97 year old Ruby Angus. She trained as an infant teacher. Later she became a senior lecturer at Melbourne Teachers' College. She retired in 1958 after 40 years involvement in teaching.teachers, angus, ruby, ballarat, australian broadcasting commission, melbourne teachers college -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Henry William Crouch, 11/12/1985 12:00:00 AM
Article in the Mirror by Joan Seppings Webster about Henry William Crouch.Article in the Mirror by Joan Seppings Webster about Henry William Crouch. Born in the U.K. and migrated to Australia aged 32. Married Sarah Lewis 6 years before leaving London. They lost their first 3 children and had 2 living sons. Henry, the eldest became a shire councillor. Henry William bought land in Church Road and started an orchard, prospered and later bought land in Williamson's Road on which 6 generations lived over 122 years. Sarah died and he married Harriet Tainton and they had 4 more children. Henry died by accident in 1913 aged 93.Article in the Mirror by Joan Seppings Webster about Henry William Crouch. crouch, henry william, lewis, sarah, crouch, henry, crouch, percival, church road, doncaster, williamson's road, doncaster, doncaster, doncaster church of christ, tainton, harriet lowan -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Memorabilia - Box - Cigarette silks, 1911 - 1917
... to 1959. Four years later in 1963, we saw the start of four ...These type of cigarette silks were included in WD & HO Wills cigarette packets to induce women in particular to take up smoking.|The Word 'Cartophilic?|It is believed that this unusual word was coined in the 1920s by Col. Bagnall, an Englishman, who was the father of the hobby of cigarette card and trade card collecting. It is thought to be a combination of a Latin word, 'carto' meaning 'card and the Greek word 'philic', meaning 'love'.- lover of cards. The term originally related to the collection of the two types mentioned, however, our Society has included postcards in the range of items collected by our members.|The Cigarette Card|The cigarette card began its evolution in the United States of America, in the early 1880s as a plain piece of cardboard used by tobacconists to protect the cigarettes which were sold in that era, not in packets, but loosely. A purchaser would buy his cigarettes then wrap them in paper around the small piece of cardboard, which acted as a stiffener. In fact, for many decades, cigarette cards were known as 'stiffeners' in the USA.|The card depicting 'The Marquis of Lome' is reputed to be the first known cigarette card issued. This is thought to have been in 1879. It did not take long for an enterprising entrepreneur to recognise the advertising potential of the cigarette card, and, very soon, the cards began displaying popular images, often in sets. This had the effect of youngsters, wishing to complete their sets, harassing their fathers to buy a specific brand of cigarettes. The kids who collected cards in the days when they were being issued in the cigarette packets, would hang around outside the local tobacconist's shop, pestering the men who had just bought a packet of cigarette, with the cry: 'can I have the cig can mister?'|It is a proven fact that, here in Australia during the 1930s, at least one set had one card deliberately withheld and issued very sparingly. This card is No. 86 (Mrs Jack Crawford) in the Carreras 'Turf Personality Series'. Thus, in a set of reasonably easy cards to get, this one card is a constant source of frustration for the collector, and as such, commands a premium when it comes to price. It is not hard to imagine the young collector nagging his to Dad to keep buying 'Turf' cigarettes to enable him to finish the set.|From small beginnings the cigarette card soon gave rise to a booming industry in itself. Artists and writers were|employed to produce the cards, which were miniature works of art and served as little encyclopaedia's for the children of the day. By the 1930s cards were being issued in the countless millions. It has been stated, in one book on the history of cards; that 450 million sets of a series produced and issued by the prolific issuer of cards in the United Kingdom, WD & HO Wills. As each set contained 50 cards you would need a calculator with a very long result window to see the answer to how many cards of that series were in circulation.|Australia's involvement would appear to have its beginnings with the English and American firms who shipped their tobacco products here and the cards of American Tobacco Company (ATC) are found in great numbers in early Australian collections; many featuring Australian subjects, e.g. 'Australian Parliament a 1901 issue. Earlier U.S. sets depicting Australians included Goodwin & Co's, so called. 'Australian Series' with cricketers and Australian Rules footballers who were on the sporting scene during the 1880s. The caption of one of theses cards reads:|'W.Hannysee. Captain Port Melbourne Football Club' which enables us to pinpoint the year of issue to either 1889 or 1890.|On the Australian scene the first local manufacturer who issued cards seems to have been The National Cigarette Company of Australia Proprietary Limited, whose 'Tally Ho' packets contained cards from a series of thirteen featuring the touring 'English Cricket Team 1897-8' Of the few Australian manufacturers who issued cards, only two companies issued more the two sets.|Undoubtedly the cards issued by the Melbourne firm Sniders & Abrahams (later Sniders & Abrahams Pty Ltd) are the 'jewels in the crown' of Australian card issues. They issued some thirty-three series, with numerous sub-series and allied issues such as metal badges, metal football shields, celluloid flags etc., which ensured that the hobbyist had a vast range from which to collect. Sporting themes – football, cricket, horse racing – dominate, indicating the Australians' love of sport and the outdoors was as strong in those earlier times as it is today. Military, animals and birds themes were also to the fore, with a touch of culture being provided by 'Shakespeare', 'Dickens', actresses and even classical 'Statuary'. Humour was not forgotten with 'Cartoons and Caricatures', 'Naval and Cricket (double meaning) Terms' and the 'Jokes' series. Art and history were covered by the artist, S.T. Gill's 'Views of Victoria in 1857' while the stereoscopic 'Views of the World' expanded the collectors' knowledge of the world as a whole.|The Sniders & Abrahams series began in 1904 and by 1919 the company was in decline and was eventually taken over by G.G. Goode & Co. Ltd. This company produced one set only, the highly collectable 'Prominent Cricketer Series' issued in 1924. During the early to mid-1920s, J.J. Schuh Tobacco Pty Ltd issued eight series, again containing the popular subjects of sport and war. At least two provincial tobacconists, Lentens of Bendigo and Baillies of Warrnambool, issued private football series. The last series of cards issued by a truly Australian firm was Dudgeon & Arnell's '1934 Australian Cricket Team'.|The Australian market was not neglected by the English companies with WD & HO Wills, Godfrey Phillips and Ogdens all making their contributions. By far the most active issuer was the long-established company Wills, whose 'Cricketers' of 1901 heralded the flood of Australian series, which continued into the mid-thirties.|The onset of the 1939-45 World War sounded the death knell of the cigarette card and very few post-war issues were made, certainly not here in Australia.|The Trade Card|The Trade Card is a non-tobacco item used by manufacturers to promote and advertise their products, in the same way that cigarette cards were. It is uncertain exactly when they were first produced, but in the USA, non-collectable cards were issued by firms in the early 1800s. These were more akin to a latter day 'business card'. It was not until the 1850s, when coloured and pictorial cards were issued to advertise and promote products that the Trade Card|became a collectable item. Many beautiful lithographic cards were produced in this early era and they are very mu sought after by collectors. By the 1870s the issues of Trade Cards became more prolific and it is from this era that more cards are seen.|Again, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact date of the first Australian Trade Card and it may be that the highly collectable and extremely rare 'American Candy Co's' - 'Pure Caramels' Australian Rules football card, issued i 1891, is the earliest series. This confectionery firm was located in Fitzroy, a Melbourne suburb. To date only two subjects have been seen.|Another early set was 'Flags', issued by F.H.Fauldings & Co. It featured testimonials of seven English cricketers who toured Australia with the 1894/5 Test team. Fauldings was an Adelaide based firm which manufactured medicinal toiletries, soaps and oils, using the distinctly Australian eucalyptus oil. During the 20th century a multitude of Australian businesses issued trade cards, with confectionery manufacturers such as Hoadleys, Allens, Sweetacres and Australian Licorice producing the majority of them. Again sporting themes dominated with the ever popular Aussie Rules football cards being the most numerous. Cricket issues ran a close second.|Apart from sporting cards, almost every subject imaginable was covered by the Trade Card, making it the most diverse and interesting branch of cartophilly. In contrast to the Cigarette Card, which had its demise prior to the Second World War, the Trade Card is still alive and well.|We all are aware of the long running 'Birds of Australasia' series put out by Tuck-fields Tea and 1 doubt if there is a kitchen drawer in Australia that has not got one or two of these informative and attractive cards floating about in it. These cards were first produced in the early 1960s and are still being inserted in that company's packets of tea. Such is also the case with Sanitarium Health Foods, manufacturers of the well known Weetbix, who began issuing cards, with a wide range of subjects, in the early 1940s and continue to do so.|The 1940s and 1950s saw the two breakfast food giants, Kornies and Weeties dominating the card scene. Kornies footballers were in production fora decade from 1948 to 1959. Four years later in 1963, we saw the start of four decades of Scanlens bubble-gum card issues, both football and cricket. In the mid 1990s, with the end of the Scanlens/Stimorol cards, the Trading Card came on the scene. These cards do not fit under the umbrella of the Trade Card, having been produced and marketed purely as a 'collectable' with no connection whatsoever to any product, which of course is necessary for an item to be classified as a Trade Card.|The earliest British postcard was issued in 1870 and was designed to send short messages; the stamp was printed on the card, therefore it did not require an envelope. It was considered by many to be lowering the postal standards because the texts were no longer private. However the cards were a great success as on the first day of issue in 1870, half a million passed through the London postal centre.|The first illustrated postcards are said to be those introduced by a French stationer in 1870. He realized that French troops fighting in the Franco-Prussian War needed to be able to send short messages to their families and designed a 'postcard' to suit the purpose. As many of the soldiers were illiterate they decorated their cards with sketches of their many activities at the front rather than writing; thus creating a picture postcard. Private enterprise soon saw the great financial possibilities of this new easy and attractive way of communication by post; also sending a postcard cost less than postage for letters. It was correctly assumed that postcards were likely to overtake letter writing in many instances.|Between 1875 and 1882 every state in Australia introduced official postcards, N.S.W. first and Tasmania last. Each state produced a simple type of postcard with a pre printed stamp allied to that state. The stamp side stated 'The Address Only To Be Written On This Side'; the reverse side sometimes carried a simple illustration or decoration with space fora short message, each state extolling their own state's virtues. In 1901, with the advent of Federation, the new Government became responsible for all postal services in Australia and produced postcards for sale in every state. With several mail deliveries each day in most towns, postcards were used for many purposes. One 1906 postcard, with an illustration of fruit, was sent from Mrs X in the morning to her greengrocer ordering her fruit and vegetables to be delivered that afternoon. Another lady asks her charlady to 'come this afternoon'.|Australian private enterprise also began selling pictorial postcards, most companies using the very experienced German printing works who were the worlds best in the field of lithography and fine detailed colour-printing. Many of these beautiful German cards still exist today, 100 years later. Australia did have a few fine printers but they were in the minority. Black and white postcards printed in Australia in the early 1900s were often of good quality e.g. postcards printed by 'The Bulletin', illustrating the works of 'The Bulletins' top artists.|Between c1903-09 The Melbourne company Osboldstone and Atkins etc. printed coloured reproductions of 46 J.A. Turner bush/rural life paintings, which were generally of good quality and became hugely popular and still sought after today. Like thousands of homes in Europe, Britain and U.S.A., many Australia homes had albums of cherished postcards, which were given pride of place for visitors to see and enjoy.|Postcard collecting remained popular but was changing with the times. About 1912 the Australian photographer George Rose of Melbourne began to produce topographical B/W real photographic postcards covering most of Australia and other photographers began to do likewise. These cards soon found their way into collections as well.|WWI and the horrors of war suddenly changed the world; postcards were still in great demand but the subject matter was far more serious. Thousands of postcards from the trenches in European war zones arrived in Australia to be included in family albums. Propaganda and recruitment messages were produced to encourage enlistment. Australian postcard producers began to create cards decorated with gum leaves, boomerangs, wattle etc., which were designed for sending to Australian troops serving overseas. Very few 'pretty' cards were available, as access to the Gentian printing works was no longer possible and exporting of postcards from Britain was very limited. By the end of WWI people had other more serious problems to contend with and the avid postcard collecting hobby declined, fold greetings took over and topographical photographic postcards became a small but steady income for the producers and newsagents etc. in every town.|Fortunately many of these old postcards still exist and are avidly collected by a new generation or postcard collectors. The Australian Cartophilic Society Inc. is one of four postcard/cigarette card organizations in Australia. They are, N.S.W. Post Card Collectors Society; Queensland Card Collectors' Society Inc. and West Australian Card Collectors|Society, and across the Tasman there is a New Zealand Postcard Society.|References:|Picture Postcards of the Golden Age A Collector's Guide by Toni & Valmai Holt. Picture Postcards in Australia 1898 - 1920 by David CookBox of Cigarette Silks ( 10 ) depicting animal motifs, which were placed in cigarette packets as an incentive for women in particular to smoke.|WD & HO Wills|Produced 1911 - 1917personal effects, smoking accessories, recreations, collections