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matching warrnambool 1939
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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Container - Glass Jar, Nestle, 1920s
This glass jar once contained Australian-made Nestle’s Malted Milk. The jar carries the company’s familiar logo. This jar would have originally had a screw-top metal lid. The large jar may have been used in a canteen, hospitality business or hospital due to its capacity. The jar was owned by Dr W.R. Angus, surgeon and oculist, who lived in Warrnambool with his wife and growing family for over thirty years. It may have been purchased from the Nestle factory in nearby Dennington. The jar was donated by his family and is part of the W.R Angus Collection. Nestles Malted Milk powder is usually added to either hot or cold milk as a nutritious drink supplement. The powder is a combination of evaporated whole milk powder, malted barley and wheat flour. Nestle began in 1867 and its products were available in Australia since the 1880s. Australia had become Nestle’s second-largest export market by 1906 and by 1908 Nestle had set up business in Australia. The Nestle factory in Dennington, Warrnambool, opened in 1911 and was the world’s largest condensed milk plant. For over 100 years the factory produced dried milk powder from the produce of local dairy farmers. It was a major employer for the district until an announcement was made on May 2019 by its recent owner Fonterra that it was closing its Dennington site for financial reasons. This Nestle Malted Milk jar is connected to the history of Warrnambool, as it was owned by the daughter of Dr W. R. Angus and his wife Gladys. It is part of the W.R. Angus Collection, which is notable for still being located at the site connected to Doctor Angus, Warrnambool’s last Port Medical Officer. It is also connected through its manufacturer Nestle. which had a branch in Warrnambool from 1911 to 2019, overlapping the time when the Angus family resided there, from 1939 to the 1970s. The jar is also significant as an example of the early-20th-century food found in local households and businesses, and could have been purchased from the local Nestle factory.Round tall clear glass jar with a wide mouth, short neck and straight sides on a cylindrical body. The jar has been blow-moulded in two pieces with a side seam running from the base to the top of the lip. There are air bubbles in the glass, and the base has been ground flat. The outside of the mouth is threaded. Inscriptions are moulded on one side and there is a round logo with text around an image of a mother bird with three young birds in a nest. The jar once contained Nestles Malted Milk and was made in Australia around the 1920s. The jar is part of the W.R. Angus Collection.Inscription: “PREPARED / IN AUSTRALIA” and “TRADE MARK / REGISTERED” Logo; “NESTLES MALTED MILK” around image [bird feeding young in next]flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, nestle, malted milk, glass jar, nestle jar, nestle malted milk, dennington, nestle australia, w.r. angus collection -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Drawing - Pastel Picture, W.R. Angus (Dr. William Roy Angus), 1925
This large pastel drawing was created by Dr W.R. Angus in 1925, the year after he graduated as a doctor in South Australia. In 1926 Dr Angus was appointed as Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, in Nhill, Victoria, where he extended his experiences in radiology and pharmacy. Eventually, in 1939, he and his wife Gladys moved to Warrnambool, Victoria, with their children. The drawing is part of the W.R. Angus Collection, which includes another of the doctor’s pastel drawings and a box of used pastels. The picture was framed by W.H. Rogers & Co. of North Terrace, Adelaide. The business also framed maps and plans. This pastel drawing is locally significant for being the work of Warrnambool doctor, W.R. Angus. It is part of the W.R. Angus Collection, which is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being a historical example of medicine, administration, household equipment and clothing from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. The collection includes Army objects, which are examples of items issued to Doctors and Surgeons in the Medical Services of the Australian Army in World War 2. It also includes household items used by Dr Angus and his family from the 1920s in various locations including Warrnambool, together creating an understanding of the furnishing of an early to mid-20th century home.Pastel drawing behind glass in a rectangular wooden frame with an unusual oval wooden matt. The subject is a scene with a pink-tinted sky reflected in a river running between the foot of two hills with trees. The picture was created and signed by W R Angus in 1925. The back is covered in brown paper and has a mounting wire. Inscriptions are on the picture and the back. A remnant of the framer’s label is attached. The picture is part of the W.R. Angus Collection. Signature and date; “W.R.A. / 1925” Printed on label remnant; “—Rogers & Co. / - ORIA STREET / - way Station, North Terrace / “THE CORRECT FRAMERS” / -lise in Map and Plan Mounting / PHONE 5437”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, drawing, pastel drawing, pastel drawing by w.r. angus 1925, rogers & co., w.h. rogers & co., correct framers, w.r. angus collection -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Undated
... in Warrnambool was erected on a site facing Liebig and Koroit Streets ...The original Methodist Church in Warrnambool was erected on a site facing Liebig and Koroit Streets in 1850, but it proved to be not satisfactory because of its construction and being built over wombat holes. The second church was erected around the old church and opened 23 May 1858. That church remained in place for 81 years until 1939 when a new church was built and opened. The current Uniting Church is the 1939 Methodist Church.Sepia photograph mounted on card showing the exterior of the Warrnambool Methodist (Wesley Chapel) Church.warrnambool; methodist church; uniting church; koroit street; liebig street. -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, 1939?
The Warrnambool Methodist Church (now the Uniting Church) was open on the 1st of April 1939. It was built on the site of two previous churches constructed in 1850 and 1857. (See H94-2)Postcard in "The Rose Series", glossy, of the Methodist Church in Warrnambool, its sanctuary, Sunday School, and KindergartenMethodist Church Warrnambool, Vic. P 10910warrnambool; methodist church; uniting church; koroit street; liebig street -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, April 1939
Produced in association with the opening of the new Warrnambool Methodist Church in April 1939.B&W photograph of the Methodist Church buildings (exterior) in April 1939. -
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation
Journal, UNA Nursing Journal, 1903
UNA, the journal of the Victorian Trained Nurses Association (1903-1974). Media images: UNA Nursing Journal Vol. 74 No. 4 July-August 1976. Members have often asked where the name UNA originated. On this final issue, that question is answered UNA Nursing Journal Vol. 74 No. 2 March-April 1976. RANF (Vic Branch) Specialised Area Nurses - Special Interest Group: four members of the committee at the Burns Study day held at Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg on Wednesday 11th February. Left to right: Robyn Millership, Chairman; Judy Aiello, Vice Chairman; Diane Blair; Margaret Farnfield, Hon. Secretary UNA Nursing Journal : Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 67 September 1969. Cover picture: Miss Judith Watts is featured on the cover as the graduate of St. Vincent's Maternity Hospital who gained the highest marks in the Midwifery examination in September, 1969 UNA : Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 42 No. 9 September 1944. Group of nurses leaving the University after the theoretical examination of the Nurses' Board UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 38 No. 1 January 1940. Women's Hospital Melbourne UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 37 No. 12 December 1939. The caravan comes to the Mallee UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 18 No. 5 July 1920. Council intelligence; personal; the Alfred Hospital Nurses' League UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 11 No. 4 June 1913. List of members UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 3 No. 11 January 1906. Hospital news: Queen Victoria Hospital; Women's Hospital; Kyneton Hospital; Maldon Hospital; Maryborough Hospital; Ovens District Hospital; Warrnambool Hospital. Christmas, 1905, amongst a few of the district nurses' patientsnon-fictionUNA, the journal of the Victorian Trained Nurses Association (1903-1974). Media images: UNA Nursing Journal Vol. 74 No. 4 July-August 1976. Members have often asked where the name UNA originated. On this final issue, that question is answered UNA Nursing Journal Vol. 74 No. 2 March-April 1976. RANF (Vic Branch) Specialised Area Nurses - Special Interest Group: four members of the committee at the Burns Study day held at Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg on Wednesday 11th February. Left to right: Robyn Millership, Chairman; Judy Aiello, Vice Chairman; Diane Blair; Margaret Farnfield, Hon. Secretary UNA Nursing Journal : Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 67 September 1969. Cover picture: Miss Judith Watts is featured on the cover as the graduate of St. Vincent's Maternity Hospital who gained the highest marks in the Midwifery examination in September, 1969 UNA : Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 42 No. 9 September 1944. Group of nurses leaving the University after the theoretical examination of the Nurses' Board UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 38 No. 1 January 1940. Women's Hospital Melbourne UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian College of Nursing Vol. 37 No. 12 December 1939. The caravan comes to the Mallee UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 18 No. 5 July 1920. Council intelligence; personal; the Alfred Hospital Nurses' League UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 11 No. 4 June 1913. List of members UNA : The Journal of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association Vol. 3 No. 11 January 1906. Hospital news: Queen Victoria Hospital; Women's Hospital; Kyneton Hospital; Maldon Hospital; Maryborough Hospital; Ovens District Hospital; Warrnambool Hospital. Christmas, 1905, amongst a few of the district nurses' patientsnursing history, nursing, nursing education, nursing professional standards, nurses - labour unions - victoria, labour unions, history of nursing, australian trained nurses' association, nursing periodicals, royal victorian college of nursing, royal australian nursing federation, australian nursing federation. victorian branch, anmf, anf, ranf, rvcn, vtna, atna, rvtna -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record - Financial Ledger with newspaper cuttings, Cash Book, 1930s, 1950s
This ledger contains the cash transactions of an unknown business from 1935 to 1939. The ledger has been used to paste in newspaper cuttings from football ( V.F.L, V.F.A. and Hamden League) in the 1950s.The compiler of the football cuttings is unknownThis ledger is of minor interest as the compilers are unknown and the information in the cuttings can be obtained elsewhere.This is a ledger with a hard cover bound in leather and the front and back covers have newspaper cuttings pasted over the leather. The pages contain newspaper cuttings in the front section and handwritten entries in black and red ink in the back section. There are several loose cuttings. football 1950s, hamden league, warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Document, The Call to Arms S McDonald
This plaque was awarded to S McDonald for contribution to the World war 11 effort. The certificate is one of many given by local authorities to those who served in many different capacities during the second world war. A common article which links a local person to a world event.Coloured plaque with the coats of Arms of the Australian states as well as Canada, India New Zealand and South Africa included in border of green leaves around the edge. Photograph of the King with flags on either side at centre top. It has a variety of military pictures in top part of the certificate. The city of Warrnambool seal in red is in bottom left corner. Plastic cover over top.The Mayor councilors and citizens of the city of Warrnambool pay tribute to S. McDonald who served in the World War No 2 1939-1945.Signed by J F Knights Mayor s mcdonald ww2, the call to arms warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Badge - Liberty Theatre Cinema Club, c. 1950
This badge was one issued to members of a club associated with the Liberty Theatre Cinema in Warrnambool. It probably dates from the 1950s. The Liberty Theatre was in Lava Street (now a Coles Store) and was opened in 1939. It was a single storey building accommodating 722 people. It closed in 1956. This badge is of interest as a souvenir of the Liberty Theatre, a cinema that was operating in Warrnambool in the mid 20th century. This is a round metal badge with blue and red lettering and two stars on a cream-coloured background. There is a metal clip at the back of the badge. The badge is much rusted and stained. Liberty Theatre Cinema Club Memberliberty theatre, warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record - Minute Book of Warrnambool Centenary Celebrations Committee, Boxmoor Accounts Book Lion Brand Manufacture, Minute Book, 1938-1947
This is the Minute Book of the Executive Committee of Warrnambool's Centenary Celebrations and includes the Minutes of early meetings in 1938-39-40 when the celebrations were originally going to be held in 1939-1940. This celebration was cancelled because of the outbreak of World War Two. The Minutes resume in 1946 and continue to 1947 when the centenary of Warnambool's founding in 1847 was celebrated. The Secretary of the Committee was Frank Grayson, a Warrnambool printer and journalist. Centenary celebrations included a street procession (watched by 20,000 people), bonfires and a fireworks display, a massed bands concert, a choral thanksgiving service in the Botanical Gardens and a local industries Exhibition. This Minute Book is of some importance as it documents the activities of the committee that organized Warrnambool's extensive celebrations during its Centenary year of 1947. It is a useful research tool.This is a hardcover ledger of 575 pages. It has a navy-coloured cover with a label pasted on. The label has a crest on it. The spine and the corners of the cover are light brown leather with a label with gold-coloured printing and ornamentation on the spine. The inside of the front cover has some taping tied with string for additional binding. The pages have marbled edging and contain both typed and written material pasted and folded into the book. There are some loose papers and newspaper cuttings included amongst the pages. There is some staining on the cover.Minute Book 1847 -1947 Warrnambool Centenary Celebrations March 22nd -30th warrnambool's centenary 1947, frank grayson -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Uniform - 002393, Army Collars
These detachable collars are most likely Australian Army issue from the World War Two era (1939-1945). They are made to be used with a khaki shirt. These collars have no known local provenance but are retained as examples of the detachable collars used by Australian Army personnel in the early to mid 20th century. These three men’s collars are made of cotton and are khaki in colour. They have three button holes on the straight neck edge, one at each end and one in the middle. australian army uniforms, warrnambool, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, Horizontal Bar Exercises, Early 20th century
This book works through a number of exercises with photographs illustrating the exercises. It was owned by W R Angus who was a doctor in Warrnambool coming to the city in 1939. He served during the war as a general surgeon and after the war took up ophthalmology as a speciality. He was a member of the state council of the AMA. he was keenly interested in cultural and civic activities and served on a number of community groups during his time in Warrnambool. He died in Cairns in 1970. The book itself was written by Staff Sergt Alfred Moss and was a popular resource for exercising and body building in the early part of the 20th century. At one time he was known as the strongest man in the British army.A book that is linked to a well- known Warrnambool resident and professional. The book itself is one of the earlier books on muscle building and is indicative of its time.Small blue card cover with dark blue text on front cover. Back cover is plain light blue. 72 pages. The front cover has a photograph of a man astride a horizontal bar with his right arm raised.Named inside front cover W R Angus..dr angus warrnambool, horizontal bar exercises, staff sergeant alfred moss -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Memorabilia - Box - Cigarette silks, 1911 - 1917
These type of cigarette silks were included in WD & HO Wills cigarette packets to induce women in particular to take up smoking.|The Word 'Cartophilic?|It is believed that this unusual word was coined in the 1920s by Col. Bagnall, an Englishman, who was the father of the hobby of cigarette card and trade card collecting. It is thought to be a combination of a Latin word, 'carto' meaning 'card and the Greek word 'philic', meaning 'love'.- lover of cards. The term originally related to the collection of the two types mentioned, however, our Society has included postcards in the range of items collected by our members.|The Cigarette Card|The cigarette card began its evolution in the United States of America, in the early 1880s as a plain piece of cardboard used by tobacconists to protect the cigarettes which were sold in that era, not in packets, but loosely. A purchaser would buy his cigarettes then wrap them in paper around the small piece of cardboard, which acted as a stiffener. In fact, for many decades, cigarette cards were known as 'stiffeners' in the USA.|The card depicting 'The Marquis of Lome' is reputed to be the first known cigarette card issued. This is thought to have been in 1879. It did not take long for an enterprising entrepreneur to recognise the advertising potential of the cigarette card, and, very soon, the cards began displaying popular images, often in sets. This had the effect of youngsters, wishing to complete their sets, harassing their fathers to buy a specific brand of cigarettes. The kids who collected cards in the days when they were being issued in the cigarette packets, would hang around outside the local tobacconist's shop, pestering the men who had just bought a packet of cigarette, with the cry: 'can I have the cig can mister?'|It is a proven fact that, here in Australia during the 1930s, at least one set had one card deliberately withheld and issued very sparingly. This card is No. 86 (Mrs Jack Crawford) in the Carreras 'Turf Personality Series'. Thus, in a set of reasonably easy cards to get, this one card is a constant source of frustration for the collector, and as such, commands a premium when it comes to price. It is not hard to imagine the young collector nagging his to Dad to keep buying 'Turf' cigarettes to enable him to finish the set.|From small beginnings the cigarette card soon gave rise to a booming industry in itself. Artists and writers were|employed to produce the cards, which were miniature works of art and served as little encyclopaedia's for the children of the day. By the 1930s cards were being issued in the countless millions. It has been stated, in one book on the history of cards; that 450 million sets of a series produced and issued by the prolific issuer of cards in the United Kingdom, WD & HO Wills. As each set contained 50 cards you would need a calculator with a very long result window to see the answer to how many cards of that series were in circulation.|Australia's involvement would appear to have its beginnings with the English and American firms who shipped their tobacco products here and the cards of American Tobacco Company (ATC) are found in great numbers in early Australian collections; many featuring Australian subjects, e.g. 'Australian Parliament a 1901 issue. Earlier U.S. sets depicting Australians included Goodwin & Co's, so called. 'Australian Series' with cricketers and Australian Rules footballers who were on the sporting scene during the 1880s. The caption of one of theses cards reads:|'W.Hannysee. Captain Port Melbourne Football Club' which enables us to pinpoint the year of issue to either 1889 or 1890.|On the Australian scene the first local manufacturer who issued cards seems to have been The National Cigarette Company of Australia Proprietary Limited, whose 'Tally Ho' packets contained cards from a series of thirteen featuring the touring 'English Cricket Team 1897-8' Of the few Australian manufacturers who issued cards, only two companies issued more the two sets.|Undoubtedly the cards issued by the Melbourne firm Sniders & Abrahams (later Sniders & Abrahams Pty Ltd) are the 'jewels in the crown' of Australian card issues. They issued some thirty-three series, with numerous sub-series and allied issues such as metal badges, metal football shields, celluloid flags etc., which ensured that the hobbyist had a vast range from which to collect. Sporting themes – football, cricket, horse racing – dominate, indicating the Australians' love of sport and the outdoors was as strong in those earlier times as it is today. Military, animals and birds themes were also to the fore, with a touch of culture being provided by 'Shakespeare', 'Dickens', actresses and even classical 'Statuary'. Humour was not forgotten with 'Cartoons and Caricatures', 'Naval and Cricket (double meaning) Terms' and the 'Jokes' series. Art and history were covered by the artist, S.T. Gill's 'Views of Victoria in 1857' while the stereoscopic 'Views of the World' expanded the collectors' knowledge of the world as a whole.|The Sniders & Abrahams series began in 1904 and by 1919 the company was in decline and was eventually taken over by G.G. Goode & Co. Ltd. This company produced one set only, the highly collectable 'Prominent Cricketer Series' issued in 1924. During the early to mid-1920s, J.J. Schuh Tobacco Pty Ltd issued eight series, again containing the popular subjects of sport and war. At least two provincial tobacconists, Lentens of Bendigo and Baillies of Warrnambool, issued private football series. The last series of cards issued by a truly Australian firm was Dudgeon & Arnell's '1934 Australian Cricket Team'.|The Australian market was not neglected by the English companies with WD & HO Wills, Godfrey Phillips and Ogdens all making their contributions. By far the most active issuer was the long-established company Wills, whose 'Cricketers' of 1901 heralded the flood of Australian series, which continued into the mid-thirties.|The onset of the 1939-45 World War sounded the death knell of the cigarette card and very few post-war issues were made, certainly not here in Australia.|The Trade Card|The Trade Card is a non-tobacco item used by manufacturers to promote and advertise their products, in the same way that cigarette cards were. It is uncertain exactly when they were first produced, but in the USA, non-collectable cards were issued by firms in the early 1800s. These were more akin to a latter day 'business card'. It was not until the 1850s, when coloured and pictorial cards were issued to advertise and promote products that the Trade Card|became a collectable item. Many beautiful lithographic cards were produced in this early era and they are very mu sought after by collectors. By the 1870s the issues of Trade Cards became more prolific and it is from this era that more cards are seen.|Again, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact date of the first Australian Trade Card and it may be that the highly collectable and extremely rare 'American Candy Co's' - 'Pure Caramels' Australian Rules football card, issued i 1891, is the earliest series. This confectionery firm was located in Fitzroy, a Melbourne suburb. To date only two subjects have been seen.|Another early set was 'Flags', issued by F.H.Fauldings & Co. It featured testimonials of seven English cricketers who toured Australia with the 1894/5 Test team. Fauldings was an Adelaide based firm which manufactured medicinal toiletries, soaps and oils, using the distinctly Australian eucalyptus oil. During the 20th century a multitude of Australian businesses issued trade cards, with confectionery manufacturers such as Hoadleys, Allens, Sweetacres and Australian Licorice producing the majority of them. Again sporting themes dominated with the ever popular Aussie Rules football cards being the most numerous. Cricket issues ran a close second.|Apart from sporting cards, almost every subject imaginable was covered by the Trade Card, making it the most diverse and interesting branch of cartophilly. In contrast to the Cigarette Card, which had its demise prior to the Second World War, the Trade Card is still alive and well.|We all are aware of the long running 'Birds of Australasia' series put out by Tuck-fields Tea and 1 doubt if there is a kitchen drawer in Australia that has not got one or two of these informative and attractive cards floating about in it. These cards were first produced in the early 1960s and are still being inserted in that company's packets of tea. Such is also the case with Sanitarium Health Foods, manufacturers of the well known Weetbix, who began issuing cards, with a wide range of subjects, in the early 1940s and continue to do so.|The 1940s and 1950s saw the two breakfast food giants, Kornies and Weeties dominating the card scene. Kornies footballers were in production fora decade from 1948 to 1959. Four years later in 1963, we saw the start of four decades of Scanlens bubble-gum card issues, both football and cricket. In the mid 1990s, with the end of the Scanlens/Stimorol cards, the Trading Card came on the scene. These cards do not fit under the umbrella of the Trade Card, having been produced and marketed purely as a 'collectable' with no connection whatsoever to any product, which of course is necessary for an item to be classified as a Trade Card.|The earliest British postcard was issued in 1870 and was designed to send short messages; the stamp was printed on the card, therefore it did not require an envelope. It was considered by many to be lowering the postal standards because the texts were no longer private. However the cards were a great success as on the first day of issue in 1870, half a million passed through the London postal centre.|The first illustrated postcards are said to be those introduced by a French stationer in 1870. He realized that French troops fighting in the Franco-Prussian War needed to be able to send short messages to their families and designed a 'postcard' to suit the purpose. As many of the soldiers were illiterate they decorated their cards with sketches of their many activities at the front rather than writing; thus creating a picture postcard. Private enterprise soon saw the great financial possibilities of this new easy and attractive way of communication by post; also sending a postcard cost less than postage for letters. It was correctly assumed that postcards were likely to overtake letter writing in many instances.|Between 1875 and 1882 every state in Australia introduced official postcards, N.S.W. first and Tasmania last. Each state produced a simple type of postcard with a pre printed stamp allied to that state. The stamp side stated 'The Address Only To Be Written On This Side'; the reverse side sometimes carried a simple illustration or decoration with space fora short message, each state extolling their own state's virtues. In 1901, with the advent of Federation, the new Government became responsible for all postal services in Australia and produced postcards for sale in every state. With several mail deliveries each day in most towns, postcards were used for many purposes. One 1906 postcard, with an illustration of fruit, was sent from Mrs X in the morning to her greengrocer ordering her fruit and vegetables to be delivered that afternoon. Another lady asks her charlady to 'come this afternoon'.|Australian private enterprise also began selling pictorial postcards, most companies using the very experienced German printing works who were the worlds best in the field of lithography and fine detailed colour-printing. Many of these beautiful German cards still exist today, 100 years later. Australia did have a few fine printers but they were in the minority. Black and white postcards printed in Australia in the early 1900s were often of good quality e.g. postcards printed by 'The Bulletin', illustrating the works of 'The Bulletins' top artists.|Between c1903-09 The Melbourne company Osboldstone and Atkins etc. printed coloured reproductions of 46 J.A. Turner bush/rural life paintings, which were generally of good quality and became hugely popular and still sought after today. Like thousands of homes in Europe, Britain and U.S.A., many Australia homes had albums of cherished postcards, which were given pride of place for visitors to see and enjoy.|Postcard collecting remained popular but was changing with the times. About 1912 the Australian photographer George Rose of Melbourne began to produce topographical B/W real photographic postcards covering most of Australia and other photographers began to do likewise. These cards soon found their way into collections as well.|WWI and the horrors of war suddenly changed the world; postcards were still in great demand but the subject matter was far more serious. Thousands of postcards from the trenches in European war zones arrived in Australia to be included in family albums. Propaganda and recruitment messages were produced to encourage enlistment. Australian postcard producers began to create cards decorated with gum leaves, boomerangs, wattle etc., which were designed for sending to Australian troops serving overseas. Very few 'pretty' cards were available, as access to the Gentian printing works was no longer possible and exporting of postcards from Britain was very limited. By the end of WWI people had other more serious problems to contend with and the avid postcard collecting hobby declined, fold greetings took over and topographical photographic postcards became a small but steady income for the producers and newsagents etc. in every town.|Fortunately many of these old postcards still exist and are avidly collected by a new generation or postcard collectors. The Australian Cartophilic Society Inc. is one of four postcard/cigarette card organizations in Australia. They are, N.S.W. Post Card Collectors Society; Queensland Card Collectors' Society Inc. and West Australian Card Collectors|Society, and across the Tasman there is a New Zealand Postcard Society.|References:|Picture Postcards of the Golden Age A Collector's Guide by Toni & Valmai Holt. Picture Postcards in Australia 1898 - 1920 by David CookBox of Cigarette Silks ( 10 ) depicting animal motifs, which were placed in cigarette packets as an incentive for women in particular to smoke.|WD & HO Wills|Produced 1911 - 1917personal effects, smoking accessories, recreations, collections