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Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 City of Port Phillip election, Adrian JACKSON, Feb 2002
Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 Adrian JACKSONlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, adrian jackson -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - PMHPS members, Norah HOWARD, Pat GRAINGER, Glen STUART, Russell GRIFFITHS and Janet BOLITHO, Dec 2004
Colour photographs from the after swearing-in party, with other PMHPS members. Norah HOWARD, Pat GRAINGER, Glen STUART, Russell GRIFFITHS, Janet BOLITHOlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, janet bolitho, norah howard nee mallet, pat grainger, glen stuart, russell griffiths -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - PMHPS members, Norah Howard, Pat Grainger and Perce White, Dec 2004
Colour photograph from the after swearing -in party, with other PMHPS members. Norah HOWARD, Pat GRAINGER, Perce WHITElocal government - city of port phillip, politics, janet bolitho, pat grainger, glen stuart, norah howard nee mallet, perce mcguire white, perce white -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - PMHPS members, Hilda Daley, Lois Daley and Janet Bolitho, Dec 2004
Colour photographs from the after swearing -in party, with other PMHPS members. Hilda Daley, Lois Daley, Janet Bolitholocal government - city of port phillip, politics, janet bolitho, hilda daley, lois daley -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2010 Calendar, Pat Grainger, Historic Port Melbourne - Our Eventful past, Sep 2009
Researched, written and designed by member Pat GRAINGER as a fundraiser for PMH&PS. Production volume: 675 copiesHistoric Port Melbourne - Our Eventful past. Cover photo is a political rally at hotel Clare Castle. All following years calendars also recorded against cat no 1864built environment, piers and wharves, transport - railways, celebrations fetes and exhibitions, religion - anglican (holy trinity), natural environment, sandridge lagoon, local government, fire and fire services, armed services - navy, port melbourne historical & preservation society, pmhps, west gate bridge, melbourne & hobsons bay railway, victorian sugar company, great white fleet, local government - borough of port melbourne -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Card - How-to-vote, Joseph BERTIE, Aug 1951
Prepared for J BERTIE for Council elections 25.8.1951. nb Bertie listed as retired at that date, so he must have lost the electionSandridge Ward how-to-vote card for Cr. Joseph BERTIS, 'Life-long Unionist Candidate' 1930s or 40slocal government - city of port melbourne, politics, societies clubs unions and other organisations, joseph bertie, municipal elections -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - Electoral Roll, Town of Port Melbourne, 1904
Voters' roll for the Town of Port Melbourne, year ending August 1904 - alphabetical listing of eligible voters giving occupation and address (52 pages, 2297 voters)local government - town of port melbourne, politics -
Women's Art Register
Book, Toby Clark, Art and Propaganda in the Twentieth Century. The Political Image in the Age of Mass Culture, 1997
Using paintings, posters, photographs, film stills and sculpture the author explores how propaganda art can be determined and defined.Booknon-fictionUsing paintings, posters, photographs, film stills and sculpture the author explores how propaganda art can be determined and defined.war, feminism, installation art -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - Ballot paper, Town of Port Melbourne Council election, Aug 1912
Ballot from Town of Port Melbourne Council election of three Councillors from four candidates: HOWE, SINCLAIR, TUCKER and WALTER, 22.8.1912 (TUCKER lost but was elected in 1914; rear used as note paper re dog complaint)On rear in pencil: 'Mrs Ford, Ross St - Mrs Cooper 78 Crockford St. dog belongs to Mrs Ford, Ross St.'local government - town of port melbourne, politics, william howe, owen sinclair, albert tucker, george samuel walter -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Paul Ham, Passchendaele : requiem for doomed youth, 2016
Passchendaele epitomises everything that was most terrible about the Western Front. The photographs never sleep of this four-month battle, fought from July to November 1917, the worst year of the war- blackened tree stumps rising out of a field of mud, corpses of men and horses drowned in shell holes, terrified soldiers huddled in trenches awaiting the whistle. The intervening century, the most violent in human history, has not disarmed these pictures of their power to shock. At the very least they ask us, on the 100th anniversary of the battle, to see and to try to understand what happened here. Yes, we commemorate the event. Yes, we adorn our breasts with poppies. But have we seen? Have we understood? Have we dared to reason why? What happened at Passchendaele was the expression of the 'wearing-down war', the war of pure attrition at its most spectacular and ferocious. Paul Ham's Passchendaele- Requiem for Doomed Youth shows how ordinary men on both sides endured this constant state of siege, with a very real awareness that they were being gradually, deliberately, wiped out. Yet the men never broke- they went over the top, when ordered, again and again and again. And if they fell dead or wounded, they were casualties in the 'normal wastage', as the commanders described them, of attritional war. Only the soldier's friends at the front knew him as a man, with thoughts and feelings. His family back home knew him as a son, husband or brother, before he had enlisted. By the end of 1917 he was a different creature- his experiences on the Western Front were simply beyond their powers of comprehension. The book tells the story of ordinary men in the grip of a political and military power struggle that determined their fate and has foreshadowed the destiny of the world for a century. Passchendaele lays down a powerful challenge to the idea of war as an inevitable expression of the human will, and examines the culpability of governments and military commanders in a catastrophe that destroyed the best part of a generation. Collapse summaryIndex, bibliography, notes, ill (maps), p.565.non-fictionPasschendaele epitomises everything that was most terrible about the Western Front. The photographs never sleep of this four-month battle, fought from July to November 1917, the worst year of the war- blackened tree stumps rising out of a field of mud, corpses of men and horses drowned in shell holes, terrified soldiers huddled in trenches awaiting the whistle. The intervening century, the most violent in human history, has not disarmed these pictures of their power to shock. At the very least they ask us, on the 100th anniversary of the battle, to see and to try to understand what happened here. Yes, we commemorate the event. Yes, we adorn our breasts with poppies. But have we seen? Have we understood? Have we dared to reason why? What happened at Passchendaele was the expression of the 'wearing-down war', the war of pure attrition at its most spectacular and ferocious. Paul Ham's Passchendaele- Requiem for Doomed Youth shows how ordinary men on both sides endured this constant state of siege, with a very real awareness that they were being gradually, deliberately, wiped out. Yet the men never broke- they went over the top, when ordered, again and again and again. And if they fell dead or wounded, they were casualties in the 'normal wastage', as the commanders described them, of attritional war. Only the soldier's friends at the front knew him as a man, with thoughts and feelings. His family back home knew him as a son, husband or brother, before he had enlisted. By the end of 1917 he was a different creature- his experiences on the Western Front were simply beyond their powers of comprehension. The book tells the story of ordinary men in the grip of a political and military power struggle that determined their fate and has foreshadowed the destiny of the world for a century. Passchendaele lays down a powerful challenge to the idea of war as an inevitable expression of the human will, and examines the culpability of governments and military commanders in a catastrophe that destroyed the best part of a generation. Collapse summary world war 1914-1918 - campaigns - western front, france - campaigns - passchaendaele -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, HarperCollins, Running the war in Iraq : an Australian general, 300,000 troops, the bloodiest conflict of our time, 2008
... Iraqi government, bringing the political, diplomatic ...Jim Molan is the Australian General who served in Iraq with the Coalition during 2004-05. Initially, under General Ricardo Sanchez, he worked on infrastructure: trying to restore/maintain the provision of water, power and rail services. Under General George W. Casey, he became Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Operations with the Multi National Forces Iraq and ran the operations for all the US and Coalition forces assigned to the Iraqi area of operations. He had to interact with the new interim Iraqi government, bringing the political, diplomatic, information, economic and reconstruction sectors into line with the military side. In this book he describes his background and military career, but focuses on describing key aspects of his time in Iraq.Ill, map, p.352.non-fictionJim Molan is the Australian General who served in Iraq with the Coalition during 2004-05. Initially, under General Ricardo Sanchez, he worked on infrastructure: trying to restore/maintain the provision of water, power and rail services. Under General George W. Casey, he became Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Operations with the Multi National Forces Iraq and ran the operations for all the US and Coalition forces assigned to the Iraqi area of operations. He had to interact with the new interim Iraqi government, bringing the political, diplomatic, information, economic and reconstruction sectors into line with the military side. In this book he describes his background and military career, but focuses on describing key aspects of his time in Iraq.australian army - iraq war - 2003, iraq war - personal narratives -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Allen & Unwin, A Nation at War : Australian Politics, Society and Diplomacy during the Vietnam War 1965-1975, 1997
The Vietnam War, together with the selective form of national service which sent thousands of young conscripts to fight in Vietnam, dominated Australian politics for ten years." "A Nation At War tells the story of Australia during this tumultuous decade. It shows how the initial support for the Vietnam commitment was eroded until a majority of the population came to think that it was mistaken, if not immoral. The book traces the growth of the protest movement against the War and conscription, giving the most detailed account yet published of the three Moratorium protests in which tens of thousands of Australians demonstrated. A Nation At War discusses the decisions of the Menzies, Holt, Gorton, McMahon and Whitlam Governments, as they responded to these unprecedented protests while wrestling with diplomatic pressures emanating from powerful allies and strife-torn neighbours. The book also analyses the incidents which shaped the debate and which long remained in public memory - the alleged 'water torture' incident, the episodes involving conscientious objectors like Simon Townsend and William White, and many moreIndex, notes, ill, p.386.non-fictionThe Vietnam War, together with the selective form of national service which sent thousands of young conscripts to fight in Vietnam, dominated Australian politics for ten years." "A Nation At War tells the story of Australia during this tumultuous decade. It shows how the initial support for the Vietnam commitment was eroded until a majority of the population came to think that it was mistaken, if not immoral. The book traces the growth of the protest movement against the War and conscription, giving the most detailed account yet published of the three Moratorium protests in which tens of thousands of Australians demonstrated. A Nation At War discusses the decisions of the Menzies, Holt, Gorton, McMahon and Whitlam Governments, as they responded to these unprecedented protests while wrestling with diplomatic pressures emanating from powerful allies and strife-torn neighbours. The book also analyses the incidents which shaped the debate and which long remained in public memory - the alleged 'water torture' incident, the episodes involving conscientious objectors like Simon Townsend and William White, and many morevietnam war 1961-1975 – australian involvement, australia - foreign relations - 1961-1975 -
City of Whittlesea
Badge - Badges - Advocacy Campaign, Access Denied, 2014
Access Denied was a joint advocacy campaign between the City of Whittlesea and the local community in the lead up to the 2014 Victorian State Election. The campaign called on all political parties to commit to extending the railway line from South Morang to Mernda and building access ramps on the Hume Freeway at O’Herns Road in Epping North. The campaign was a success and secured almost $650 million in promises from the incoming Labor Government to build these projects. Badge, metal back with pin, white plastic printed front, black and red textConnect O'Herns Road / Access Denied / Get on Board / www.accessdenied.net.au / Build Mernda Railbadges, campaign badges, south morang railway, mernda railway -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Document - News Clipping, Advertiser, Planning Committee closed by Commissioners, Advertiser, October 29, p5, 1996
Nillumbik Commissioners used 'reserve power's to permit a controversial Shell service station and Hungry Jack's restaurant development at the former Eltham Shire Office site at 895 Main Road. More than 200 people attended the Council meeting in the public gallery and protested at the decision. 32 personal submissions were made to Council's Planning Special Committee meeting whose members vioted 3-2 against the development. The Committee consisted of the three Nillumbik Commissioners and three community members (Jim Connor, Bronwyn South and Janet Mattiske). Chief Commissioner Don Cordell, a former Shell employee excused himself from voting and the three communbity memebrs voted against the submission. The other two commissioners, Vin Heffernan and Kevin Abbott voted against it. They then immediately closed the meeting and opened a Council meeting lasting just seconds to use special reserve powers to overturn the decision. Subsequent to this the Commissioner run Council held a special meeting on Wednesday, October 23, 1996 where Commissioners Kevin Abbott and Vin Heffernan thanked all three community members of the Planning Special Committee and advised that their powers had been revoked. The article includes a joint statement from all three sacked members in which they state they have been able to bring a community perspective to the planning applications placed befopre the committee which has resulted in modifications to planning decisions. The members stated that "unfortunately, despite our best efforts to express considered apolitical opinions, it appears the Commissioners believe that any dissenting comment is politically motivated, and should therefore be disregarded." "We feel sad that this situation exists even though we have done everything possible tio represent the views of our community, whilst maintaining the integrity of the planning process."The demolition of the former Shire of Eltham offices and proposed sale and development driven by the Commissioners for Nillumbik Shire Council brought the community together in substantial protest at the infrigement of ratepayers democratic say in local government and ciommunity assets combined with protests about inappropraite development of Eltham's Gateway. This issue led to the formation of the Eltham Community Action Group which still operates strongly today (2023) on behalf of the community to ensure appropriate development within the community.895 main road, commissioners, dallas price homes, development application, eltham hub, hungry jacks, nillumbik shire council, re-zoning, shell service station, town planning, eltham gateway, eltham gateway action group, eltham shire offices, shillinglaw farm, jim connor collection, dallas howgate, nillumbik planning special committee, jim connor, bronwyn south, janet mattiske, don cordell, vin heffernan, kevin abbott -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Document - News Clipping, Jodie Guest, Council axes planning body after split on shire office site, Diamond Valley News, October 30, p3, 1996
Nillumbik Commissioners used 'reserve power's to permit a controversial Shell service station and Hungry Jack's restaurant development at the former Eltham Shire Office site at 895 Main Road. More than 200 people attended the Council meeting in the public gallery and protested at the decision. 32 personal submissions were made to Council's Planning Special Committee meeting whose members vioted 3-2 against the development. The Committee consisted of the three Nillumbik Commissioners and three community members (Jim Connor, Bronwyn South and Janet Mattiske). Chief Commissioner Don Cordell, a former Shell employee excused himself from voting and the three communbity memebrs voted against the submission. The other two commissioners, Vin Heffernan and Kevin Abbott voted against it. They then immediately closed the meeting and opened a Council meeting lasting just seconds to use special reserve powers to overturn the decision. Subsequent to this the Commissioner run Council held a special meeting on Wednesday, October 23, 1996 where Commissioners Kevin Abbott and Vin Heffernan thanked all three community members of the Planning Special Committee and advised that their powers had been revoked. The article includes a joint statement from all three sacked members in which they state they have been able to bring a community perspective to the planning applications placed befopre the committee which has resulted in modifications to planning decisions. The members stated that "unfortunately, despite our best efforts to express considered apolitical opinions, it appears the Commissioners believe that any dissenting comment is politically motivated, and should therefore be disregarded." "We feel sad that this situation exists even though we have done everything possible tio represent the views of our community, whilst maintaining the integrity of the planning process."The demolition of the former Shire of Eltham offices and proposed sale and development driven by the Commissioners for Nillumbik Shire Council brought the community together in substantial protest at the infrigement of ratepayers democratic say in local government and ciommunity assets combined with protests about inappropraite development of Eltham's Gateway. This issue led to the formation of the Eltham Community Action Group which still operates strongly today (2023) on behalf of the community to ensure appropriate development within the community.895 main road, commissioners, dallas price homes, development application, eltham hub, hungry jacks, nillumbik shire council, re-zoning, shell service station, town planning, eltham gateway, eltham gateway action group, eltham shire offices, shillinglaw farm, jim connor collection, dallas howgate, nillumbik planning special committee, jim connor, bronwyn south, janet mattiske, don cordell, vin heffernan, kevin abbott -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Folder, Hurstbridge Line Upgrade, 2010
Correspondence and information from the State Government about the Hurstbridge Line upgrade 2010. Also includes newspaper articles, Nillumbik Shire Council minutes report, map and contextual information regarding the Eltham Major Activity Centre structure Plan 2009. The main area of concern was the plan to reconfigue the Eltham stabling yard.23 documents, 62 pages of news clippings, photocopies and colour political fliersHG Folders 108 and 115harry gilham collection, railway line construction, hurstbridge line, hurstbridge railway line, eltham railway station, eltham station carpark, train stabling yard -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - City of Port Phillip Mayoral Election of Janet Bolitho, St Kilda Town Hall, Ann Smallpage, Dec 2005
Six colour photographs at the City of Port Phillip mayoral election of Janet Bolitho on December 8 2005 at St Kilda Town Hall. .01 - PMHPS group (from left) Norah Howard, Jack Bolt, Pat Grainger, Janet Bolitho, Anne Callaghan, Graham Bride, Glen Stuart, Margaret Bride (also scanned) .02 - Janet Bolitho and David Spooks CEO, City of Port Phillip .03 - Janet Bolitho and Liana Thompson (also scanned) .04 Janet Bolitho and Graham Bride .05 - Glen Stuart and Janet Bolitho .06 - Pat grainger and Janet Bolitholocal government - city of port phillip, celebrations fetes and exhibitions, politics, janet bolitho, pat grainger, liana thompson, graham bride, margaret bride, glen stuart, jack bolt, norah howard, anne callaghan -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Article - Election of City of Port Phillip Mayor, Janet Bolitho, Dec 2005
Two newspaper articles relating to election of Janet Bolitho to position of Mayor of City of Port Phillip, Dec 2005 .01 - Leader article "Elected duo a mayor coincidence" .02 - Emerald Hill Weekly article "Port Phillip votes in new Mayor" (also scanned)local government - city of port phillip, politics, janet bolitho -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Flyer - Campaign Leaflets, 1974 Port Melbourne Council Election, 1974
Campaign leaflets for 1974 Port Melbourne Council, Boundary Ward Election .01 - Michael Barbieri, independent .02 - Phillip Lang, ALPlocal government - city of port melbourne, politics, societies clubs unions and other organisations, michael barbieri, phil lang, alp, australian labor party -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Audio - Oral History, Tom HILLS, Trevor Robinson, 4 Jun 1984
Interview used in contribution to the book "They Can Carry me Out" (Originally taken from a Radio Australia program)Tom HILLS discussing his life working on the wharves, Communist politics, standing for Port Melbourne Council and moreDuration side 0:25:26piers and wharves - webb dock, local government - city of port melbourne, politics, tom hills -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 Port Phillip Council election, Julian HILL, Mar 2002
Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 Relating to Julian HILL. (.10 relates to 2000)local government - city of port phillip, politics, julian hill -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 Port Phillip Council election, Theo AVGOULIS, Mar 2002
Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 Relating to Theo AVGOULISlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, theo avgoulis -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 Port Phillip Council election, Roy EDMOND, Mar 2002
Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 Roy EDMONDlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, roy edmond -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 Port Phillip Council election, John KIRBY, Mar 2002
This John KIRBY is not the professional photographer who worked in Port from the 1990s (and perhaps earlier) and subsequently became a member and volunteer with PMHPS.Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 John KIRBYlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, john kirby -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - 2002 Port Phillip Council election, Roger McKAY, Mar 2002
Material relating to Port Phillip Council elections, Sandridge Ward, March 2002 Roger McKAY .21 business card for Julian HILL for 1999. Authorised by Councillor Liana THOMPSONlocal government - city of port phillip, politics, roger mckay, julian hill, liana thompson -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Swearing in CoPP Mayor, Janet Bolitho, 2000s
Janet Bolitho became City of Port Phillip Councillor (Sandridge ward) on 2/12/04Colour photos of Janet Bolitho swearing in ceremony 2-12-04. local government - city of port phillip, politics, janet bolitho -
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation
Australian Nursing Federation Victorian Branch 'Jeff Kennett' protest badge, [1993?]
Badge campaigning against the Victorian Liberal government's widespread privatisation of the public health service (and other public services) in the 1990s, which resulted in job cuts and site closures throughout the state. The Australian Nursing Federation, the union representing nurses in Victoria, was a strong opponent of these cuts and closures, that resulted in pressure applied on an already overstretched and poorly resourced group of workers. "In a context of high unemployment and an ideological commitment to small government, there were widespread job losses and people affixed stickers to their cars saying 'I've been Jeffed', i.e. made redundant. The cuts were not confined to government employees and many staff of private enterprises also lost their jobs. This was the era of the 'consulting poor' as professional staff struggled to make a living as independent consultants, rather than employees. They were well paid for short term contracts, but continuity of work was hard to find." (Sally Wilde, 'The History of Prahran 1990-1994', 2000)Circular blue, red and white plastic badge. Silver metal, plastic-coated, with safety pin fastener adhered to back. Badge printed with 'I've been 'Jeffed' and I'm paying the Penalty!' and 'ANF [Australian Nursing Federation] VIC. [Victorian] BRANCH'. 'Jeffed' refers to the then Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett (1992-1999).nursing, nurses, victoria, jeff kennett, 1990s, badges, buttons, pins, trade unions, labour history, protest, rationalisation, australia, politics, privatisation, australian nursing federation -
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation
'Hands off Medicare' protest badge, [2000s]
... public protest political protest government funding universal ...Circular black and green plastic badge. Silver metal, plastic-coated, with safety pin fastener adhered to back. Button printed with the green text 'HANDS OFF MEDICARE'.medicare, politics, protest, public protest, political protest, government funding, universal health care, badges, buttons, pins -
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation
Australian Nursing Federation 'R.I.P. the Health System - Killed by [Jeff] Kennett' protest sticker, [1992-1999?]
Bumper sticker protesting Victorian Liberal government's widespread privatisation of the public health service (and other public services) in the 1990s, led by Jeff Kennett. which resulted in job cuts and site closures throughout the state. The Australian Nursing Federation, the union representing nurses in Victoria, was a strong opponent of these cuts and closures, that resulted in pressure applied on an already overstretched and poorly resourced group of workers. This sticker was one of many pieces of protest materials and merchandise produced by the Australian Nursing Federation.Rectangular black and white bumper sticker. Sticker printed with 'R.I.P. The HEALTH SYSTEM KILLED by KENNETT' in large font, an illustration of a tombstone and an authorisation statement.nursing, nurses, victoria, jeff kennett, 1990s, stickers, bumper stickers, trade unions, labour history, protest, rationalisation, australia, politics, privatisation, australian nursing federation -
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation
Photograph of industrial action taken by nurses at Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 1993
Photograph provided by Catherine Hutchings, long-time Professional Officer at the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victorian Branch). The photographer is unknown. This is one of three photographs depicting Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) members engaged in industrial action at the Sunshine Hospital in St Albans, Victoria, Australia in 1993. The dispute related to attempts by hospital management to reduce the nurses' access to ADOs (Allocated Days Off). The nurses engaged in rolling walk-outs to express their resistance, setting up out the front of the hospital with picnic rugs and chairs, food and drinks, umbrellas, and placards, to gain the awareness and support of the Victorian community. This industrial action occurred at a time when the Victorian Liberal government, led by Jeff Kennett (1992-1999), engaged in the widespread privatisation and rationalisation of many public services, including the health service. The Australian Nursing Federation, the union representing nurses in Victoria, was a strong opponent of the resulting job cuts and site closures, and engaged in various political and industrial campaigns during this time to protect and advance staffing levels, wages and working conditions.Colour photograph depicting Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) members engaged in industrial action outside the Sunshine Hospital, St Albans in the early 1990s (estimated 1993).nursing, nurses, victoria, st albans, sunshine hospital, western health, melbourne, industrial action, labour history, australian nursing federation, jeff kennett, 1990s history