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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Picture, Lady Bay Ships at anchor, after November 1850
The photograph shows sailing ships and a wreck in Lady Bay, Warrnambool. Lady Bay was once a very busy port of trade in Warrnambool and was also called the Port of Warrnambool or Warrnambool Harbour. THE “ENTERPRISE” 1847-1850 The wooden, two-masted schooner Enterprise was built in New Zealand in 1847 and registered in Melbourne, Australia. The Enterprise carried cargos of agricultural produce and other commodities for trade between the ports of the Colony. On September 14, 1850, the Enterprise was at anchor in Lady Bay under its Master, James Gardiner Caughtt, loaded with a cargo of wheat and potatoes. A strong south-easterly wind caused the vessel to drag on its only anchor and the rudder was lost. The gale-force wind blew it sideways and it became grounded. A local indigenous man, Buckawall, braved the rough sea to take a line from the shore to the Enterprise. All five members of the crew were able to make it safely to land. The Enterprise was wrecked. The Enterprise wreck was in an area called Tramway Jetty in Lady Bay. Since then the area became the location of the Lady Bay Hotel and now, in 2019, it is in the grounds of the Deep Blue Apartments. In fact, with the constantly changing coastline through built-up sand, the wreck site is now apparently under the No 2 Caravan Park on Pertobe Road, perhaps 150 metres from the high tide. Its location was found by Ian McKiggan (leader of the various searches in the 1980s for the legendary Mahogany Ship). DIFFERENTIATING the New Zealand Schooner “Enterprise” from John Fawkner’s “Enterprize“ Dr Murray Johns, Melbourne, says in his article The Mahogany Ship Story “… As I documented in 1985, the Warrnambool wreck was of an entirely different ship, also called Enterprize [with the spelling ‘Enterprise’], but built in New Zealand in 1847. Fawkner’s ship had already been sold to Captain Sullivan in 1845 and was wrecked on the Richmond Pier in northern New South Wales early in 1847. “ - (further details are in NOTES: and FHMV documents) This photograph is significant for its association with the screw steamer SS Edina, heritage listed on the Victorian Heritage Database VHR S199. She had endeared herself to the people of Port Phillip Bay as a passenger ferry, part of their own history and culture. She played a significant role in the Crimean War, the American Civil War and the gold rush in New Zealand. She also served western Victoria for many years in her cargo and passenger runs. The SS Edina is famous for being the longest serving screw steamer in the world. After spending her first nine years overseas she arrived in Melbourne and her work included running the essential service of transporting cargo and passengers between Melbourne and the western Victoria ports of Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Portland. The photograph is also significant for its association wreck of the schooner Enterprise, also listed on the Victorian Heritage Listed VHR S238, being a New Zealand built but Australian owned coastal trader. The wreck was also significant for its association with indigenous hero Buckawall who saved the lives of the five crew on board. Photograph titled "Lady Bay" depicts Lady Bay, Warrnambool, with vessels including SS Edina, the Peveril and the Tommy, with remains of the 1850 wreck of the schooner Enterprise in foreground. Titled, in hand written script, “”Lady Bay”, “S.S. ‘Edina’, the ‘Perevil’ & the ‘Tommy’ & the wrecked "Enterprise” Written in pencil on back “Council”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, enterprize, enterprise, port of warrnambool, warrnambool harbour, peveril, tommy, ss edina, pleasure steamer edina, warrnambool steam packet company, david hay, james gardiner caught, tramway jetty, buckawall, lady bay, steam ship, travel, trade, coastal trader, edina, dinah, cargo run, shipping, victoria, port phillip bay, john watson, edward byam, indigenous hero, indigenous rescue -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, W F P Napier, History of the war in the penisular and in the South of France: from the Year 1807 to the Year 1814. Volume II, 1882
Book prize given to John Tanner (1887), Christmas 1885. First prize for Latin in the Upper Fifth form. Maroon calf-bound book with gold plate work on spine and borders of cover. Ballarat College school crest and motto inscribed on front cover. Six compartments on spine decorated with gold patterns; title inscribed in second compartment. Volume number inscribed in third compartment Marbled leaf edges and end papers. Book plate: Ballarat College crest and motto / Latin / Upper fifth form / First prize / Awarded to / John Tanner / Christmas 1885john-tanner, 1887, 1885, ballarat-college, book-prize, -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, George Routledge and Sons, History of the war in the penisular and in the South of France from the Year1807 to the Year 1814. Volume I, 1882
Book prize given to John Tanner (1887), Christmas 1885. First prize for French in the Upper Fifth form.Maroon calf-bound book with gold plate work on spine and borders of cover. Ballarat College school crest and motto inscribed on front cover. Six compartments on spine decorated with gold patterns; title inscribed in second compartment. Volume number inscribed in third compartment Marbled leaf edges and end papersBook plate: Ballarat College crest and motto / French / Upper fifth form / First prize / Awarded to / J Tanner / Christmas 1885john-tanner, 1887, 1885, ballarat-college, book-prize, -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, George Routledge and Sons, History of the war in the penisular and the south of Francers from the Year 1807 - the Year 1814, n.d
Book prize given to John Tanner (1887), Christmas 1885. First prize for Mathematics in the Upper Fifth form. Maroon calf-bound book with gold plate work on spine and borders of cover. Ballarat College school crest and motto inscribed on front cover. Six compartments on spine decorated with gold patterns; title inscribed in second compartment. Volume number inscribed in third compartment Marbled leaf edges and end papers Book plate inside front cover: Ballarat College crest and motto / Mathematics / Upper fifth Form / First prize / Awarded to / John Tanner / Christmas 1885john-tanner, 1887, 1885, ballarat-college, book-prize, -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, George Routledge and Sons, Chinese Gordon: a succinct record of his life. 11th ed, 1885
Book prize given to John Tanner (1887), Christmas 1885. First prize for English in the Upper Fifth form. Blue calf-bound book with gold plate work on spine and borders of cover. Ballarat College school crest and motto inscribed on front cover. Six compartments on spine decorated with gold patterns; title inscribed in second compartment. Marbled leaf edges and end papers Book plate inside front cover: Ballarat College crest and motto / English / Upper Fifth Form / First prize / Awarded to / J Tanner / Christmas 1885john-tanner, 1887, 1885, ballarat-college, book-prize, -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Print, C1870
Rev. William Butters (1810-1887) commenced his ministry as a chaplain to the convicts in Van Diemen’s Land in 1833.Print of an engraving by J. Cochran of Rev. William Butters in frame.butters, w, methodist -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, William Collard Smith Memorial, Ballarat Town Hall, c1892, 15/09/2017
Photograph of a marble memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall dedicated to William Collard Smith.In Memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A. Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat From 1856 until 1892 Chairmand 1860-1. Mayor 1874 and 1887 Obiit 20th Ovtober 1894.ballarat town hall, sculpture, coat of arms, duke of clarnence and avondale, william morris, rifles, city of ballarat coat of arms -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, William Collard Smith Memorial, Ballarat Town Hall [detail], c1892, 15/09/2017
Photograph of the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms on a marble memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall dedicated to William Collard Smith.In Memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A. Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat From 1856 until 1892 Chairmand 1860-1. Mayor 1874 and 1887 Obiit 20th Ovtober 1894.ballarat town hall, sculpture, coat of arms, duke of clarnence and avondale, william morris, rifles, city of ballarat coat of arms -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, William Collard Smith Memorial, Ballarat Town Hall [detail], c1892, 15/09/2017
Photograph of the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms on a marble memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall dedicated to William Collard Smith.In Memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A. Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat From 1856 until 1892 Chairmand 1860-1. Mayor 1874 and 1887 Obiit 20th Ovtober 1894.ballarat town hall, sculpture, coat of arms, william morris, rifles, city of ballarat coat of arms, sword, volunteer rifles -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, William Collard Smith Memorial, Ballarat Town Hall [detail], c1892, 15/09/2017
Photograph of sculptural portrait of William Collard Smith on a marble memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall..In Memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A. Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat From 1856 until 1892 Chairmand 1860-1. Mayor 1874 and 1887 Obiit 20th October 1894.ballarat town hall, sculpture, coat of arms, william morris, volunteer rifles -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Colour, William Collard Smith Memorial, Ballarat Town Hall [detail], c1892, 15/09/2017
Photograph of sculptural portrait of William Collard Smith on a marble memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall..In Memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A. Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat From 1856 until 1892 Chairmand 1860-1. Mayor 1874 and 1887 Obiit 20th October 1894.ballarat town hall, sculpture, coat of arms, william morris, volunteer rifles -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Ephemera - Business card - Koki Alpine Lodge, Falls Creek, Victoria, 1965
George Shirling arrived in Falls Creek in 1962. He engaged Phil Nowell to build the original Koki Alpine Lodge which opened in 1965 with 14 beds. George operated the lodge with Michael “Baldy” Blackwell as manager. He also graduated in sport psychology in 1981 and was invited to become team psychologist for the Australian Winter Olympic team which went to Albertville, France, in 1992. He later owned the Red Onion Chalet. George credited the success of Koki to “Baldy” Blackwell. “Baldy” and Phil Nowell started the Trackers Mountain Lodge in partnership during the 1980s. In 1971 George sold Koki Lodge to Sigh Doerr. Sigh was a long time resident of Falls Creek, owning and operating Koki Lodge for many years with his wife, Lee. He was Falls Creek CFA Captain from 1995 until 1998 although he served in the Fire Brigade for much longer. Sigh had many involvements in the community. In 2023 the renamed Koki Alpine resort remains a highly popular destination in Falls Creek operated by Doerr Nominees Pty. Ltd. under the management of Vesna Sugden.This item is significant because it has clear links to an iconic business established in Falls Creek, VictoriaA three folded paper business card featuring a representation of Gauguin artwork on the front and reservation details on the inside. This business card was an invitation to accommodation and restaurant at Koki LodgeKoki Alpine Lodge Falls Creek Victoria Inside "For I too am beginning to feel an immense need to become a savage and create a new world." PAUL GAUGUIN, 1887 ....an invitation to enjoy the New World of KOKIkoki lodge, george shirling, micheal blackwell, business cards, falls creek accommodation -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Clare Gervasoni, William Collard-Smith Memorial, 25/09/2017
Memorial in the Ballarat Town Hall to William Collard Smith."In memoriam Lt. Col. William Collard Smith M.L.A Ballaarat West Member of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat from 1856 until 1892, Chairman 1860-1. Mayor 1874 & 1887 Obiit 20th October 1894." william morris, william collard-smith, marble, rifle -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - Brick, 94 Merri Street Warrnambool, Circa 1850
The building at 94 Merri St is amongst the earliest buildings in Warrnambool. It was possibly constructed before 1854 and maybe as early as 1848. The original building consisted of four main rooms under a hip roof. The outer walls were masonry , apparently rubble The Heritage Council indcate that on the balance of probabilities this was the general store of Richard Osbourne and John Moffat Chisholm built in 1847-48.The building at 94 Merri Street had historical and architectural significance to the state of Victoria. It was a rare example of surviving, pre separation building with associated interest in its materials and components It is associated with Richard Osbourne who founded the Warrnambool Examiner(1851_1889) and the town’s first historian. Architecturally, the significance of the house lay in the hand -wrought timber framing. All the major timbers in this building had been hand sawn. The Gold rush of the 1850’s saw this process mechanised. A kitchen fireplace in the rear skillion included a large block of Merri Creek Mudstone, a combination of “tufa” and clay that was used in the Warrnambool District as an excellent substitute for fire bricks. The house was demolished in 2011 and items of significance were salvaged, this brick being one. While some bricks were imported, there is evidence that there were a number of brick burning businesses in operation around this time. However it is difficult to ascertain to which group this brick belongs. Red clay rectangular brick. Contains some small gravel like material, possibly ferrous buckshot, grey mortar remnants on side and diagonal crack along one side.warrnambool, 94 merri street, richard osbourne, john moffat chisholm, hand sawn timber, brick, building materials -
Women's Art Register
Book, Janine Burke, Australian Women Artists 1840 - 1940, 17/04/22
A history of Australian women artists, the lives and practice of 24 women are covered to redress their absence in critical and art historical records.non-fictionA history of Australian women artists, the lives and practice of 24 women are covered to redress their absence in critical and art historical records. painting, water colour, portraiture, print making -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LANSELL COLLECTION: ILLUMINATED ADDRESS TO GEORGE LANSELL
Leather bound, gold embossing on borders of cover and inside folder. Front text in gold print: 'presented to George Lansell Esq by the residents of Bendigo June 1887' Inside: illuminated address to George Lansell, London, imploring him to return to Bendigo ' Your long absence form Bendigo is keenly felt ..' Address written in black calligraphy surrounded by water colour flowers.person, individual, george lansell esq., lansell, george, fortuna, illuminated address -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - LOYAL SANDHURST LODGE NO. 68 COLLECTION: MINUTE BOOK 1887 - 1892
286 page book, blue cover brown corners. Minute bok of meetings of the Loyal Sandhurst Lodge No. 68, Independent Order of Oddfellows (I.O.O.F) handwritten in ink. Dates from 20 June 1887 to 12 December, 1892.Meetings were held every two weeks in the Temperance Hall. Attached to pages are applications for membership to the Lodge, containing names, ages and addresses.bendigo, clubs, loyal sandhurst lodge no.68 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - ALBERT RICHARDSON COLLECTION: THE ENGINEMAN'S POCKET COMPANION
Book: blue covered book 'The Engineman's Pocket companion' by Michael Reynolds. A practical educator for Enginemen, boiler attendants and mechanics. Second Edition, revised. Published by Crosby Lockwood and co., Stationers' Hall Court, Ludgate hill, 1887. Written in pen inside front cover 'A.E. Richardson, 29 Harrison St., Bendigo ' Pencil equations written throughout book.Michael Reynoldsmachinery, engines- steam, engineman's pocket companion, richardson, boilers, mining, engine drivers, engineman -
Learmonth and District Historical Society Inc.
Photo-Innes, Richards & Co. Photos Ballaarat, J.Innes, "Circa 1886"
Councilor John Innes was elected as of member of council in 1878 - 1887.He did not become President during his term.Original Historic Photo of councilors for 1885-86,of which this photo is part of.Sepia photo of Councilor John Innes,is set on a light grey "horse shoe " shaped mount, second from bottom of right side of horse shoe,and is on deeper grey mount.It has gold edging around photo." PRESENTED BY THE PRESIDENT G. RENNIE ESQ. TO THE BALLARAT SHIRE COUNCIL. 1885-86."ballarat shire council, innes john 1885 1886 -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Clothing - Dress, probably c1920s
The dress belonged to Mrs Christina Cock (nee Clay) 25 Dec 1887 - 22 May 2002 the mother of the donor.1920s White voile dress. Maygar sleeves, pin tucked bodice and lace insertions. Hem trimmed with 3' lace.costume, children's -
Kilmore Historical Society
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, 1888
Justices of the Peace, their authority and functions out of Sessions and in Courts of Petty Sessions. To which is appended The Justices of the Peace Act 1887.Green cloth-bound hardcover book, worn at extremities, cloth on spine partially detached, embossed border front cover. Gilt embossed 'stamp' on front cover, 'CROWN LAW DEPARTMENT/VICTORIA/COURTS/KILMORE'. Front flyleaf missing, back flyleaf loose. 554 pp. Poor condition.Stamp on title page, 'KILMORE'.justice of the peace, kilmore court house library -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - BLANCHE SLY POSTCARD COLLECTION: ALBUM, 1900 - 1920
Postcard Album of Blanche Sly. Postcards stored in Folder 81 (49 postcards). 1403.1 - 1403.28 Grey linen look cover with picture of a small sailing boat pasted centre front pf cover. Partly torn sticker on lower LH corner. Blanche Victoria SLY Born: 11 Oct 1890, daughter of William and Hannah Sly Address: 1913; Loddon Vale Address: 1980; 100 Barnard Street Bendigo Died: Bendigo 12 June 1982, buried Bendigo G3 William Sly: Born: 1856 at Smythesdale, Victoria Married in Victoria in 1887; Hannah Theilman Died: Bendigo 1937, buried Bendigo G1 Hannah Sly neeTheilman Born: 1866 Married in Victoria in 1887; William Sly Died: Bendigo 1948, buried Bendigo G3 See additional Research .postcard -
Blacksmith's Cottage and Forge
Book, F.W. Niven and Co, History of Ballarat, 1887
This book came into our collection via a donation to the Book Barn, which operates as a second-hand book shop. The donor is unknown.This book was published in 1887, a time of consolidation of wealth after the initial gold rushes in Ballarat in the 1850s. Its full title is 'History of Ballarat from the First Pastoral Settlement to the Present Time.' By William Bramwell Withers, Journalist. Second Edition with Plans, Ilustrations and Original Documents. It is an invaluable history of the origins of Ballarat and its mining history, with a chapter devoted to the Eureka Stockade. Book bound in green cloth on hard cover. On cover: Title incised in black on gold: HISTORY/OF/BALLARAT In gold: REVISED EDITION In black:By/W.B.Withers/PUBLISHED/BY/F.W.NIVEN &Co/Ballarat. Front cover embossed with gold pictures, one of a spray of wattle, one of a spray of eucalyptus leaves, a picture of a miner standing at a winch, and two panoramas of Ballarat, one in its early days as a gold-mining camp, and one as a built-up city. On spine: In green on gold: HISTORY/OF/BALLARAT : BY W.B.WITHERS 1887 Picture of two miners in a lift cage descending a mine shaft. On back cover: In black, picture of an aborigine looking into the sun, which is either rising or setting. On inside front cover: label pasted in. Inscription in gold: PRESENTED TO/THE/MEMBERS/OF THE/Empire Commerce Congress/BY/BALLARAT'S PIONEER DIGGER,/MR.JAMES ODDIE,1851. Front brown flyleaf partially torn off. ballarat gold rush, w.b.withers, eureka stockade, mining history, early maps of ballarat, mr james oddie, empire commerce congress -
Learmonth and District Historical Society Inc.
Photo-King, Richards & Co. Photos Ballaarat, J. King, "Circa 1886"
In 1875-78 and 1883-89 Councilor John King was elected as a member of council. He was appointed Shire President in 1887-88.This photo forms part of Original Historic Photo of councilors for 1885-86. Sepia photo of Councilor John King is oval and set third from bottom of right side of " horse shoe" shaped light grey mount and on a deeper grey mount, it is edged with gold.It is part of composite photos of councilors for 1885-86." PRESENTED BY THE PRESIDENT G.RENNIE.ESQ. TO THE BALLARAT SHIRE COUNCIL 1885-86 ".1885 1886, ballarat shire council, king john -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, C1925
Re. Albert H Horton (1887-1942) was a pioneer home missionary in Tasmania and introduced the American “Go to church Sunday” movement.Matte, sepia, head and shoulders, studio portrait of Rev. Albert H. Horton on card."Very gratefully yours Albert H Horton"methodist, horton, ah -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The Discovery of Australia
The Osburne Group was was three people, headed by Warrnambool Lawyer Dan Madden, who in the 1980’s republished a few local historical books. Collingridge’s (1847-1929) book ‘The Discovery of Australia’ was a work which supported the ‘legend’ of a Portuguese voyage of exploration, which led to the loss of one of its ships in 1522, believed to be the Mahogany Ship, on the coast south of Tower Hill. Hence European charting of the east coast of Australia centuries before Captain Cook, which the British historians viewed almost as heresy. TheOsburne Group acquired copies of Collingridge from the publisher, and saw that they were made available as a historical record supporting the research of Ken McIntyre, who in 1981 published separately a book called ‘The Secret Discovery of Australia’. The first book by the Osburne Group was republished in facsimile. It was the ‘History of Warrnambool’, collated and printed by Richard Osburne in 1887 after he had sold his newspaper the Warrnambool Examiner to Fairfax, which took up the name of Warrnambool Standard. Hence the name Osburne. Other books reproduced in facsimile form include ‘By These We Flourish’ by C.E.Sayers, and ‘Warrnambool Past and Present by Edward Vidler.The Discovery of Australia Author: George Collongridge Publisher: Kayes Brothers Date 1895 Has a sticker on front loose end page stating " Presented to Flagstaff Hill by Osburne Group"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, the discovery of australia, book, george collingridge, osburne group -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record (Collection) - Warrnambool City Council Administrative Records, Warrnambool City Council Officers, 1990s
Warrnambool City Council Records collected by a member of a Council Advisory Committee.Collection of Warrnambool City Council records of the 1990sIn folders and archival envelopes in an A3 archival boxTwo A3 archival envelopes containing information on Foreshore etc., five booklets containing reports on City Plans, Council Strategies etc and 15 Reports (Shop Trading, Coastal Wetlands, Foreshore, Landcare etc)warrnambool city council, warrnambool city council strategies and planswarrnambool city council, warrnambool city council strategies and plans -
Ballarat Clarendon College
Book, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, 1889
Leila Jessie Webb entered Clarendon Ladies' College 1887. Parent/Guardian Edward Webb, Banker, L C Bank Lydiard Street, Ballarat. her sister Ilma Barclay Webb enrolled on the same day. Ilma became Mrs J Bailey of Sturt Street West. From the date of this prize we can infer that Leila attended CLC from 1887 to 1890 and possibly longer. Vol II of II. Popular edition published1889 (first edition 1864). Place/ Publisher- Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, London. Book in English language. Marbled boards, with matching marbled page edges and marbled endpapers; leather spine and cover; Corners with contrasting colour spine label and gilt lettering. Book plate inside front cover.Book plate: Clarendon Ladies' College / BALLARAT / Second Prize / Botany Class I / AWARDED TO / Leila Jessie Webb / R Kennedy / Principal / December 1890leila-jessie-webb, clarendon-ladies-college, ilma-barclay-webb, 1890 -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Undated c.1864
Alexander Morison was ordained in Hobart, Tasmania 19/02/1839. Ministry: CMS missionary in Van Dieman's Land 1838 - 1839; Independent Church Collins St. Melbourne 1843 - 1864; Presbyterian supply ministry 1865 - 1869; Presbyterian Church Clunes 1869 - 1872; Honorary Librarian/Professor of Hebrew and Church History, Congregational College Victoria 1880 - 1887. Died 14/04/1887.Photocopy of original B & W head and shoulders portrait of the Rev Alexander Morison.Rev A. Morison 1843 - 1864 -
Orbost & District Historical Society
magazines, Juvenile Missionary, 1844
The Juvenile Missionary Magazine was a 19th century publication of the London Missionary Society. The Juvenile Missionary Magazine began in 1844, and ran until 1887. Two small paper magazines. On the front covers are black and white illustrations of a preacher holding a sermon among young children. 608.1 is Vol 1 No. 2 July 1844. 608.2 is Vol. 1 No.7 December 1844.magazine religion religious-text