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Moorabbin Air Museum
Document (Item) - Report on the 747SP in service with Pan Am, South African, Iran Air, Syrian Air, Report on the 747SP in service
... on the 747SP in service with Pan Am, South African, Iran Air, Syrian ... -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Lansdowne, 100 Years Of Australians At War, 1999
... -1953 - history persian gulf war 1991 - history south african ...400 p., [64] pages of plates : ill., maps, ports. ; 24 cm. non-fictionkorean war 1950-1953 - history, persian gulf war 1991 - history, south african war 1899-1902 - history, world war 1914-1918 - history, australia - armed forces - history, australia - history, military., world war 1939-1945 - history, wwi -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Journal, The Kewriosity Sheet Vol.3 No.1 : July 1981
... is a blitz? [Yarra Bend Pakr; South African Boneweed]/ p3. The David ...Fete [Kew Elder Citizens] / p1. Televising the service of worship [Uniting Church East Kew] / p1. Desperately needed [7th Kew Cub Pack] / p1. For sale ... The Artists of Kew [Elizabeth Mackie; Kew Historical Society] / p1. Art exhibition [Australian art] / p1. Afternoon movie [Missionary Sisters of St Peter Claver] / p1. Movement and dance in Special education [Caritas Centre] / p3. Day Care Centre [Caritas Centre] / p3. What is a blitz? [Yarra Bend Pakr; South African Boneweed]/ p3. The David Allen Memorial Scholarship [Concert; Old Presbyterian Church, Kew; Ian Frederick Lowe, Kaye Allen, Miriam Leuba] / p4. Kew Garden Club / p4. Child development and play - Eastern Region / p4. Caregivers needed [Family Day Care Centre] / p4.The Kewriosity Sheet (1979-83) was first published in the City of Kew (Victoria) in June 1979 as a two-sided 'community newssheet'. It aimed to: 'share news about Kew happenings and Kew people, and to exchange ideas about living in Kew'. Later issues gradually evolved into a 4-page, quarto sized publication. The Kewriosity Sheet was superseded by the Kew Council publication 'Kewriosity' (1983-1994).non-fictionFete [Kew Elder Citizens] / p1. Televising the service of worship [Uniting Church East Kew] / p1. Desperately needed [7th Kew Cub Pack] / p1. For sale ... The Artists of Kew [Elizabeth Mackie; Kew Historical Society] / p1. Art exhibition [Australian art] / p1. Afternoon movie [Missionary Sisters of St Peter Claver] / p1. Movement and dance in Special education [Caritas Centre] / p3. Day Care Centre [Caritas Centre] / p3. What is a blitz? [Yarra Bend Pakr; South African Boneweed]/ p3. The David Allen Memorial Scholarship [Concert; Old Presbyterian Church, Kew; Ian Frederick Lowe, Kaye Allen, Miriam Leuba] / p4. Kew Garden Club / p4. Child development and play - Eastern Region / p4. Caregivers needed [Family Day Care Centre] / p4. community publications --- kew (vic.), the kewriosity sheet, newsletters - kew (vic.) -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Journal, The Kewriosity Sheet Vol.3 No.2 : August 1981
... the blitz [Yarra Bend Park; South African Boneweed] / p1. Kew ...Hyde Park Fellowship [Hyde Park Church] / p1. Don't forget the blitz [Yarra Bend Park; South African Boneweed] / p1. Kew Birdwatching Group / p1. Sacred Heart [Church] Diamond Julbilee / p1. City of Kew Annual Election: Prospect Ward [Kaye Cole; John Douglas Ryan] / p1. Kew Philharmonic Society / p1. C.A.B. Citizens Advice Bureau / p1. Institute of Early Childhood Development / p2. What's doing in Kew for August / p2&3. Kagya Dharma has variety of classes / p3. The fun service club for the young [Rotaract] / p3. 1875 Historic old map of Kew [Dannock Map; Kew Historical Society] / Elizabeth Mackie p4. Don't tell me you're too old [recreation] / p3. Council News [Holiday Programme; Holiday Playcentre; Film; Toddler Playgroup; Traffic School; New Games Trailer; Teenage Dropin Centre] / p4.The Kewriosity Sheet (1979-83) was first published in the City of Kew (Victoria) in June 1979 as a two-sided 'community newssheet'. It aimed to: 'share news about Kew happenings and Kew people, and to exchange ideas about living in Kew'. Later issues gradually evolved into a 4-page, quarto sized publication. The Kewriosity Sheet was superseded by the Kew Council publication 'Kewriosity' (1983-1994).non-fictionHyde Park Fellowship [Hyde Park Church] / p1. Don't forget the blitz [Yarra Bend Park; South African Boneweed] / p1. Kew Birdwatching Group / p1. Sacred Heart [Church] Diamond Julbilee / p1. City of Kew Annual Election: Prospect Ward [Kaye Cole; John Douglas Ryan] / p1. Kew Philharmonic Society / p1. C.A.B. Citizens Advice Bureau / p1. Institute of Early Childhood Development / p2. What's doing in Kew for August / p2&3. Kagya Dharma has variety of classes / p3. The fun service club for the young [Rotaract] / p3. 1875 Historic old map of Kew [Dannock Map; Kew Historical Society] / Elizabeth Mackie p4. Don't tell me you're too old [recreation] / p3. Council News [Holiday Programme; Holiday Playcentre; Film; Toddler Playgroup; Traffic School; New Games Trailer; Teenage Dropin Centre] / p4. community publications --- kew (vic.), the kewriosity sheet, newsletters - kew (vic.) -
Lauriston Girls’ School (incorporating Lauriston Museum and Gallery)
Painting, Portrait of Mrs Ruth Tideman Headmistress 1983-2000
The portrait was painted by Robert Hannaford in 2000, Archibald prize finalist. Painted by South Australian artist Robert Hannaford AM. He started off as a cartoonist for the Adelaide Advertiser, studied in the School of Mines in Ballarat and has lived and worked in India, Europe and Africa. This portrait is part of the Record Series 74. Permanent/Semi-Permanent Displayed Works.Oil Painting of Mrs Ruth Tideman Headmistress Mrs Ruth Tideman Headmistress 1983-2000 -
Bacchus Marsh & District Historical Society
Book, Bacchus Marsh and the Boer War: A Community's Response
... Library Main Street Bacchus Marsh BMDHS Publication South African ...An account of the impact of the Boer War upon the community of Bacchus Marsh. Like many communities across Australia Bacchus Marsh saw a number of men enlist in the military forces and participate in the conflict in South Africa between Great Britain and its allies such as Australia against the Boer forces in South Africa in the early 1900s. This work documents this history from the perspective of the individual soldiers involved and the way the community responded to this conflict. Citation: Bacchus Marsh and the Boer War: A Community's Response. By Gillian Davis, Geoff Hine, Barbara Manly and Chris Stancliffe. Published by Bacchus Marsh and District Historical Society, Bacchus Marsh, Vic., 2001.A printed book published in paperback edition. 92 pages, with illustrations, portraits, and maps. BMDHS Location: AR/SU4non-fictionAn account of the impact of the Boer War upon the community of Bacchus Marsh. Like many communities across Australia Bacchus Marsh saw a number of men enlist in the military forces and participate in the conflict in South Africa between Great Britain and its allies such as Australia against the Boer forces in South Africa in the early 1900s. This work documents this history from the perspective of the individual soldiers involved and the way the community responded to this conflict. Citation: Bacchus Marsh and the Boer War: A Community's Response. By Gillian Davis, Geoff Hine, Barbara Manly and Chris Stancliffe. Published by Bacchus Marsh and District Historical Society, Bacchus Marsh, Vic., 2001.bmdhs publication, south african war 1899-1902, boer war 1899-1902, soldiers bacchus marsh vic. -
Trafalgar Holden Museum
Vehicle - HG Holden premier
... safety features. The HG was also sold in South Africa ...The 186 motor that was used in this vehicle was carried over from the previous model. The transmission was a Tri-matic, used for the first time in an Australian produced vehicle. In the premier, this transmission was the standard, also upgraded in this model were new safety features.The HG was also sold in South Africa as the Chevrolet Kommando4 Door Premier sedan. Four headlights, brown colour with beige vinyl roofTiger and rock emblem grille center, premier badges on bonnet, rear roof pillar and on boot lid. A 186 badge on both front mudguards.vehicle, holden, premier sedan, car -
The Celtic Club
Book, Ernest Wilson, Smoke that thunders, 1985
Ernest Wilson was a professional plant-hunter. This book is an account of his travels in Africa, Australia and New Zealand.p.248.non-fictionErnest Wilson was a professional plant-hunter. This book is an account of his travels in Africa, Australia and New Zealand.botany - australia, botany - new zealand -
The Celtic Club
Book, Mario Vargas Llosa, The Dream of the Celt, 2012
A subtle and enlightening novel about a neglected human rights pioneer by the Nobel Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa In 1916, the Irish nationalist Roger Casement was hanged by the British government for treason. Casement had dedicated his extraordinary life to improving the plight of oppressed peoples around the world' especially the native populations in the Belgian Congo and the Amazon' but when he dared to draw a parallel between the injustices he witnessed in African and American colonies and those committed by the British in Northern Ireland, he became involved in a cause that led to his imprisonment and execution. Ultimately, the scandals surrounding Casement's trial and eventual hanging tainted his image to such a degree that his pioneering human rights work wasn't fully reexamined until the 1960s. In The Dream of the Celt, Mario Vargas Llosa, who has long been regarded as one of Latin America's most vibrant, provocative, and necessary literary voices'a fact confirmed when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2010'brings this complex character to life as no other writer can. A masterful work, sharply translated by Edith Grossman, The Dream of the Celt tackles a controversial man whose story has long been neglected, and, in so doing, pushes at the boundaries of the historical novel. "In 1916, the Irish nationalist Roger Casement was hanged by the British government for treason. Casement had dedicated his extraordinary life to improving the plight of oppressed peoples around the world--especially the native populations in the Belgian Congo and the Amazon--but when he dared to draw a parallel between the injustices he witnessed in African and American colonies and those committed by the British in Northern Ireland, he became involved in a cause that led to his imprisonment and execution. Ultimately, the scandals surrounding Casement's trial and eventual hanging tainted his image to such a degree that his pioneering human rights work wasn't fully reexamined until the 1960s.p.401.fictionA subtle and enlightening novel about a neglected human rights pioneer by the Nobel Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa In 1916, the Irish nationalist Roger Casement was hanged by the British government for treason. Casement had dedicated his extraordinary life to improving the plight of oppressed peoples around the world' especially the native populations in the Belgian Congo and the Amazon' but when he dared to draw a parallel between the injustices he witnessed in African and American colonies and those committed by the British in Northern Ireland, he became involved in a cause that led to his imprisonment and execution. Ultimately, the scandals surrounding Casement's trial and eventual hanging tainted his image to such a degree that his pioneering human rights work wasn't fully reexamined until the 1960s. In The Dream of the Celt, Mario Vargas Llosa, who has long been regarded as one of Latin America's most vibrant, provocative, and necessary literary voices'a fact confirmed when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2010'brings this complex character to life as no other writer can. A masterful work, sharply translated by Edith Grossman, The Dream of the Celt tackles a controversial man whose story has long been neglected, and, in so doing, pushes at the boundaries of the historical novel. "In 1916, the Irish nationalist Roger Casement was hanged by the British government for treason. Casement had dedicated his extraordinary life to improving the plight of oppressed peoples around the world--especially the native populations in the Belgian Congo and the Amazon--but when he dared to draw a parallel between the injustices he witnessed in African and American colonies and those committed by the British in Northern Ireland, he became involved in a cause that led to his imprisonment and execution. Ultimately, the scandals surrounding Casement's trial and eventual hanging tainted his image to such a degree that his pioneering human rights work wasn't fully reexamined until the 1960s.roger casement, biographical fiction - spanish. -
Harcourt Valley Heritage & Tourist Centre
Memorial Portrait Photograph, Lieut Col R Gartside VD, 1914
... with distinction in the South African War, becoming known as the ‘Hero ...Lieut Col R Gartside VD was killed in action at the Dardanelles,on Saturday 8th May 1915. This portrait was presented to the Harcourt State School byShire President, Mr E Pritchard After a lengthy career in the militia, Colonel Gartside served with distinction in the South African War, becoming known as the ‘Hero of Elands River’. He saw active service in WW2 and was killed leading a charge at Cape Hellas during the Gallipoli campaign. Sepia photograph, a portrait of a soldier in World War I uniform, wearing cap and medals -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Book - Tobruk - The story of a Siege, Anthony Heckstall-Smith, 1959
... from officers of all units involved - Australian, South African ...The Siege of Tobruk lasted for 241 days in 1941. Tobruk was the only harbour between Bengazi and Alexandria and became crucial in preventing Rommel's sweep to the Nile. Tobruk was captured in 1941 and became a beleagured fortress until its garrison was relieved in November 1941. Churchill and his War Cabinet had declared that "Tobruk must be held to the death". The Australians under Major General Morshead fought like tigers . Nazi propaganda radio broadcasts spoke contemptuously of the Tobruk defenders as ‘rats’. In defiance, the soldiers proudly adopted this nickname and have been known by it ever since. During the siege, they designed their own medals, in the shape of a rat, made from the scrap metal of a downed German aeroplane. Anthony Heckstalk-Smith who was himself a Flotilla Officer the "A" Lighters which provided supplies to the garrison, researched evidence from officers of all units involved - Australian, South African, German and British to write this controversial story of men in battle.non-fictionThe Siege of Tobruk lasted for 241 days in 1941. Tobruk was the only harbour between Bengazi and Alexandria and became crucial in preventing Rommel's sweep to the Nile. Tobruk was captured in 1941 and became a beleagured fortress until its garrison was relieved in November 1941. Churchill and his War Cabinet had declared that "Tobruk must be held to the death". The Australians under Major General Morshead fought like tigers . Nazi propaganda radio broadcasts spoke contemptuously of the Tobruk defenders as ‘rats’. In defiance, the soldiers proudly adopted this nickname and have been known by it ever since. During the siege, they designed their own medals, in the shape of a rat, made from the scrap metal of a downed German aeroplane. Anthony Heckstalk-Smith who was himself a Flotilla Officer the "A" Lighters which provided supplies to the garrison, researched evidence from officers of all units involved - Australian, South African, German and British to write this controversial story of men in battle.world war 11, rats of tobruk, tobruk, siege of tobruk -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Book - Three Parnaby Brothers from Whenby, Julie Walker and Judy Crook, 2000
... Yorkshire, England via Natal in South Africa. They settled ...This book documents the story of the Parnaby Brothers who migrated to Australia from Whenby in North Yorkshire, England via Natal in South Africa. They settled in the Wodonga district of Victoria. The dedication on page 3 of the book says "To George, William and Matthew Parnaby. We can only wonder at the adventurous spirit, courage and fortitude of the three brothers who arrived in this country with an ambition to better themselves and provide for their families." George arrived at Port Melbourne from Port Natal on 11 January 1864. On the same voyage was his brother William and a nephew Charles. George and his wife Rachel settled at Howlong on the Victoria/NSW border where he worked as a farmer and labourer. George died at Howlong on 26 JUne 1887. William and his son Charles settled in Albury. In 1869/70 he was listed as a property owner at Wooragee, including a house, farm and vineyard. William died in Albury on 20 February 1894. Matthew originally arrived in Hobsons Bay, Victoria in 1854. After 6 years on the goldfields he returned to South Africa and then to England to marry. They eventually returned to Australia in 1863. After some time in Melbourne, Matthew moved to Belvoir (Wodonga). By August 1877 he owned 104 acres of grazing land at House Creek. He steadily became one of the most successful farmers in the district and increased his landholdings. He spent the remainder of his life in Wodonga where he served as a member of the Shire Council for some years. Matthew never forgot his birthplace and called his property "Whenby Grange". He died in Wodonga on 7 October 1903.A volume of 342 pages, including photos and maps. The cover includes images of the town of Whenby, maps and the grave of Matthew Parnaby who died in Wodonga on 7 October 1903.This book documents the story of the Parnaby Brothers who migrated to Australia from Whenby in North Yorkshire, England via Natal in South Africa. They settled in the Wodonga district of Victoria. The dedication on page 3 of the book says "To George, William and Matthew Parnaby. We can only wonder at the adventurous spirit, courage and fortitude of the three brothers who arrived in this country with an ambition to better themselves and provide for their families." George arrived at Port Melbourne from Port Natal on 11 January 1864. On the same voyage was his brother William and a nephew Charles. George and his wife Rachel settled at Howlong on the Victoria/NSW border where he worked as a farmer and labourer. George died at Howlong on 26 JUne 1887. William and his son Charles settled in Albury. In 1869/70 he was listed as a property owner at Wooragee, including a house, farm and vineyard. William died in Albury on 20 February 1894. Matthew originally arrived in Hobsons Bay, Victoria in 1854. After 6 years on the goldfields he returned to South Africa and then to England to marry. They eventually returned to Australia in 1863. After some time in Melbourne, Matthew moved to Belvoir (Wodonga). By August 1877 he owned 104 acres of grazing land at House Creek. He steadily became one of the most successful farmers in the district and increased his landholdings. He spent the remainder of his life in Wodonga where he served as a member of the Shire Council for some years. Matthew never forgot his birthplace and called his property "Whenby Grange". He died in Wodonga on 7 October 1903.parnaby family, whenby england, whenby grange wodonga -
City of Kingston
Photograph - Black and white, c.1945
... the South African War, one from World War I and one from World War ...This photograph shows the Protestant Hall on Nepean Highway Cheltenham, which at the time of the photograph was used by the Returned Sailors' Soldiers' and Aimen's Imperial Leage of Australia (RSSAILA). The building facade, World War I memorials, fire station building and road plantation are also in view. The Protestants Hall was built by the Cheltenham Protestant Hall Company Limited in 1886. The hall has been used for a wide variety of purposes; in earlier times it served as the Sunday School for the Methodist Home for Children, and later as a schoolhouse when the Beaumaris School (now Cheltenham State School) No 84 met with overcrowding problems. It was also a popular venue for annual balls and regular dances held by church groups and sporting organisations. The City of Moorabbin purchased the building in the 1920's for use by the Returned Soldiers and Sailors League, in whose hands it remained until the late 1970s when it was taken over by a catering firm. During the 1920s, and right up to the late 1950s, it also served as Cheltenham's picture theatre. The three memorial columns, one from the South African War, one from World War I and one from World War II previously located in front of the hall were relocated when Nepean Highway was widened. The Protestant Hall still stands at 1261 Nepean Highway CheltenhamBlack and white digital image depicting three buildings. The right hand building bears a sign that reads RSSAILA. There are trees and a bench seat in the foreground. There is a World War I memorial pictured. world war i, world war ii, protestant hall, cheltenham, returned sailors' soldiers' and aimen's imperial leage of australia (rssaila), returned and service's league (rsl) -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library
Book, McMillan and Co, My Early Life : A Roving Commission, 1943
... correspondent in South Africa during the Boer War, and his first forays ...Here, in his own words, are the fascinating first thirty years in the life of one of the greatest leaders of the twentieth century. In his autobiography, Churchill recalls his childhood, his schooling, his years as a war correspondent in South Africa during the Boer War, and his first forays into politics as a member of Parliament. Historians have established that Churchill took certain liberties with episodes in the book; he was not, for example, an academic under-achiever as he suggests. Of course this does not detract from the book's insights into the history of "a vanished age", nor his very personal struggles and achievements, which contrast starkly with the public focus of the majority of his writings.Index, ill, maps, p.385.non-fictionHere, in his own words, are the fascinating first thirty years in the life of one of the greatest leaders of the twentieth century. In his autobiography, Churchill recalls his childhood, his schooling, his years as a war correspondent in South Africa during the Boer War, and his first forays into politics as a member of Parliament. Historians have established that Churchill took certain liberties with episodes in the book; he was not, for example, an academic under-achiever as he suggests. Of course this does not detract from the book's insights into the history of "a vanished age", nor his very personal struggles and achievements, which contrast starkly with the public focus of the majority of his writings.south african wars, winston churchill 1884-1965 -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library
Book, Werner Co, Portfolio of photographs of famous scenes, cities and paintings : containing a rare and elaborate collection of photographic views of the entire world of nature and art, presenting and describing the choicest treasures of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America, the Old World and the New, 189?
... and describing the choicest treasures of Europe, Asia, Africa... and describing the choicest treasures of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia ...A collection of photographs from around the worldIll, p.196.non-fictionA collection of photographs from around the worldgeography - pictorial works, photography -
Warrnambool RSL Sub Branch
Book, BOOK: South African War Machine
... , London. 1985 BOOK: South African War Machine Book ... -
Merri-bek City Council
Photograph - Ilford smooth pearl print, Atong Atem, Nyanluak, 2022
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Healesville Sanctuary Heritage Centre
Newspaper - Newspaper Cutting, Article, Eadie, Robert R, My life in Africa, 13 January 1935
... 1940s Article describes history of South Africa ...Article describes history of South Africa, not personal history of Mr Eadie.photocopyArticle describes history of South Africa, not personal history of Mr Eadie.1940s -
Returned Nurses RSL Sub-branch
Book, Sheila Gray, The South African war 1899 - 1902 : Service records of British and colonial women, 1993
... Australian Nurses in warfare South African War Boer war UK Nurses ...'A record of the service in South Africa of Military and Civilian Nurses, Laywomen and Civilians' [text on front cover & title page] Contents: Army Nursing Service [UK] Army Nursing Service Reserve [UK] Nurses engaged locally Civil hospital nursing staff Private field hospital nursing staff Natal volunteer medical corps nurses Australian nurses Canadian nurses New Zealand nurses Maidservants to nurses, wardmaids and cooks Civilian support personnelRed A4 thin book with black type on front cover and no text on spine or back cover. Has a plastic slip cover. Piece of paper sticky taped to the inside of the front cover.non-fiction'A record of the service in South Africa of Military and Civilian Nurses, Laywomen and Civilians' [text on front cover & title page] Contents: Army Nursing Service [UK] Army Nursing Service Reserve [UK] Nurses engaged locally Civil hospital nursing staff Private field hospital nursing staff Natal volunteer medical corps nurses Australian nurses Canadian nurses New Zealand nurses Maidservants to nurses, wardmaids and cooks Civilian support personnelsouth african war, boer war, uk nurses, australian nurses, canadian nurses, new zealand nurses -
Returned Nurses RSL Sub-branch
Book, Sheila Gray, The South African war 1899 - 1902 : Service records of British and colonial women, 1993
... Australian Nurses in warfare South African War Boer war UK Nurses ...'A record of the service in South Africa of Military and Civilian Nurses, Laywomen and Civilians' [text on front cover & title page] Contents: Army Nursing Service [UK] Army Nursing Service Reserve [UK] Nurses engaged locally Civil hospital nursing staff Private field hospital nursing staff Natal volunteer medical corps nurses Australian nurses Canadian nurses New Zealand nurses Maidservants to nurses, wardmaids and cooks Civilian support personnelRed A4 thin book with black type on front cover and no text on spine or back covernon-fiction'A record of the service in South Africa of Military and Civilian Nurses, Laywomen and Civilians' [text on front cover & title page] Contents: Army Nursing Service [UK] Army Nursing Service Reserve [UK] Nurses engaged locally Civil hospital nursing staff Private field hospital nursing staff Natal volunteer medical corps nurses Australian nurses Canadian nurses New Zealand nurses Maidservants to nurses, wardmaids and cooks Civilian support personnelsouth african war, boer war, uk nurses, australian nurses, canadian nurses, new zealand nurses -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Medal - Medal Group, WW2 Australian Military Forces, VX2151 Pte Andrew Edward Gates, Medal Group, VX2151 Pte Andrew Edward Gates
Andrew Edwardson Gates was born on the 30th December 1915 in Carlton, Victoria. He enlisted in South Melbourne on the 4th November 1939 whilst living in East Brunswick, Victoria. Discharged on the 5th October 1945 with the rank of Private.Full set as follows: 1939-1945 Star The Africa Star with 8th Army Bar The Pacific Star 1939-1945 Defence Medal 1939-1945 War Medal 1939-1945 Australia Service Medal 1941 Tobruk Siege Medal with Miniatures The recipients name and service number are impressed on the bottom edge of the 1939-1945 Defence, 1939-1945 War and 1939-1945 Australia Service medals - VX2151, A. E. Gates. A Gates is engraved on the back of the 1941 Tobruk Siege Medal.