Showing 315 items
matching mines and metals
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Federation University Historical Collection
Letter - Correspondence, Mental Hygiene Branch - Ballarat Mental Hospital to Ballarat School of Mines, 1965, 17/02/1965
... Ballarat School of Mines, 1965 ...Typed letter on Mental Hygiene Branch (Department of Health, Victoria) letterhead, with the Ballarat Mental Hospital given on the address. The letter asks the Principal of the Ballarat School of Mines if he could advise on an instructor for a metal working unit for rehabilitation patients. mental hygiene branch, ballarat mental hospital, lakeside, mental asylum, turner, metalwork, rehabilitation -
Anglesea and District Historical Society
Sea Mine, Royal Australian Navy, Estimated 1942-1945
Metal sea mine casing manufactured for use in WW2 that has since been converted for domestic use as an incinerator - spherical body now quite rusty and bottom layer of lid quite corroded around entire circumference - has two handles attached to upper section of shell and holes and metal fittings between them - small hole in centre of lid.Not applicablesea mines, incinerators, ww2 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - DEBORAH GOLD MINE POPPET HEAD 1930'S
Black and white photograph, copy, of the metal poppet head of the 'Big' Deborah Gold Mine, Golden Square. Poppet head has been erected over the top of an earlier timber poppet head. In foreground, corrugated iron shed at base of poppet head legs, metal chimney on extreme LH side, adjoining a shed. Steam emanating from shed.bendigo, mining, deborah gold mine -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Rock, Stibnite rock sample from a Ringwood antimony mine
Owned by Russ Haines since 1966. Antimony was mined in Ringwood during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The ore known as Stibnite is a sulphide of Antimony. The metal is alloyed with lead in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries and in typesetting. Stibnite has been used for centuries as a cosmetic (marking eyebrows). The antimony ore may also contain gold.Lump of antimony rock (Stibnite) from the mine in Ringwood. See also History of Object. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Mining By-Laws: Victoria Mines Act 1915, No 2698, 1915
... Mining By-Laws: Victoria Mines Act 1915, No 2698 ...Paper booklet of 35 pages, held together with metal staples, detailing the Mining by-laws under the Mines Act 1915, no.2698. The index is located at the front of the booklet. Includes Abandonment, Alluvial Claims, Machinery, Quartz Claim, Race and Water Rightoccasional pencil markings throughoutmining, by-laws, victoria -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Malachite, Unknown
Malachite is typically found as crystalline aggregates or crusts, often banded in appearance, like agates. It is also often found as botryoidal clusters of radiating crystals, and as mammillary aggregates as well. Single crystals and clusters of distinguishable crystals are uncommon, but when found they are typically acicular to prismatic. It is also frequently found as a pseudomorph after Azurite crystals, which are generally more tabular in shape. This particular specimen was recovered from the Burra Burra Copper Mine in Burra, South Australia. Otherwise known as the 'Monster Mine', the Burra Burra Copper Mine was first established in 1848 upon the discovery of copper deposits in 1845. Within a few short years, people from around the world migrated to Burra to lay their claim in the copper economy. By April 1848 the mine was employing over 567 people and supporting a population of 1,500 in the local township. Up until 1860, the mine was the largest metals mine in Australia, producing approximately 50,000 tonnes of copper between 1845 to its closure in 1877. The Burra Burra Mine was also famous for a number of other specimens, including; crystalline azurite, cuprite, and botryoidal and malachite. Malachite is considered a rare gemstone in that the original deposits for the stones have been depleted leaving behind very few sources. In addition, the use of Malachite as gemstones and sculptural materials remains just as popular today as they were throughout history. It is quite common to cut the stone into beads for jewellery. The fact that Malachite has such a rich colour and one that does not fade with time or when exposed to light makes it particularly rare. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with shades of blue and light green throughout. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, burra, burra burra mine, south australia, malachite, malachite specimen -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, The Stock Exchange of Melbourne: Monthly Official List of Quotations and Prices Current, 1909, 1909
Small, brown, soft covered booklet. Contents include brokerage, Closer Settlement Loans. Banks. Building Societies, Banking and Financial Institutions, Gas, Insurance, Breweries, Trustee, mines, Goldmines in Ballarat, Daylesford, Stawell and District, Dredging Companies, Coal mines, Municipal Loans, Metal Rates since 1888, Calls Due 13 January 1909, List of Legal Managers and Secretariat of Mining Companies, Member of the Melbourne Stock Exchange.non-fictionmelbourne stock exchange, stockbrokers, f.w. holst, w.s. ham, walter s. ham, f.w. were, r.e. tweddell, w.d. thompson, w.m. williams, n.m. dudgeon, w.m. acheson, e.g. ross, j.h. dill, s. stretch, j.c. bell -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL NELL GWYNNE GOLD MINING COMPANY N/L - MINING BOX, 1930 - 1940's
Mining box. Metal mine box painted dark blue with Central Nell Gwynne painted in white on the front. Tag number 492, now Mining Box number 17. Contains documents relating to Central Nell Gwynne. Documents are individually catalogued within the box.mining, business, central nell gwynne mining box, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, central nell gwynne gmc n/l, gold mining, mine box -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE NL - BLUE MINING BOX
Object : metal mining box formerly number 487, now Central Deborah Gold Mine Box 2 (label on front has number 487 written in pencil ) Box made of metal and painted blue, with Monument Hill Consolidated written in white paint on front of door. Affixed across this writing is a handwritten sign which says 'Central Deborah' Box contains accounts, correspondence etc.mine, gold, central deborah gold mine, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet: central deborah gold mine nl, gold mining, accounts -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Chalcopyrite
This specimen originated from Mount Lyell on the west coast of Tasmania, where a large group of open cut and underground copper-silver-gold mines began operating in 1883. Between 1893-1994, the Mt Lyell Mining and Railway Company were responsible for operations. The Mt Lyell copper-gold mines produce some excellent crystallised specimens of chalcopyrite and other minerals. The deposits are generally considered to be of Cambrian volcanic origin, but there are indications of Devonian granitic influence on the ores, plus local remobilisation during Devonian deformation. Over 120 million tonnes of ore was produced from several workings, including the main Prince Lyell mine and the North Lyell mine, which was also of great importance. The Mount Lyell mines have a long history of human and environmental disasters, including the 1912 North Lyell fire that killed 42 miners, and two separate incidents in 2013 in which three people lost their lives. The environmental impacts from this complex of mines are extensive, with waste tailings and heavy metal contamination flowing directly into the King and Queen River catchments. In 1954, the eminent Australian historian, Geoffrey Blainey, published 'The Peaks of Lyell' which delves into the history of the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster.Chalcopyrite does not contain the most copper in its structure relative to other minerals, but it is the most important copper ore since it can be found in many localities and occurs in a variety of ore types. The brassy-yellow colours in Chalcopyrite mean it is often confused with pyrites and gold, leading to use of the term, "fool's gold." Chalcopyrite has been the primary ore of copper since smelting began five thousand years ago. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.This hand sized solid mineral specimen has shades of brass-yellow with spots of iridescent green-black tarnish. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulphide mineral and a major ore of copper common in sulphide veins and disseminated in igneous rocks. Chalcopyrite has a hardness of 3.5-4 on the Mohs Scale. It is a member of the tetragonal crystal system and has metallic lustre and opaque transparency.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geology, geological specimen, chalcopyrite, copper pyrites, copper mining, tasmanian geology, mount lyell, mount lyell mines, fools gold, mohs scale, crystals, minerals, historical geological collection, victorian geological survey, a.r.c selwyn, gold rush, van diemans land -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Container - MERCURY BOX: A.V. PALMER. VICTORIA CONSULS MINE AND BATTERY, NEW CHUM REEF
Very heavy Green Metal Box with two steel handles with the following label. Mercury Box - Victoria Consuls Mine and Battery, New Chum Reef. 3120' deep , 1871 , 52566 oz. On the side of the box is painted. A.V. Palmer. The Box is approx 400mm x 200mmA.V.Palmer -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NEW MONUMENT GOLD MINING COMPANY - MINING BOX, 1930's
Mining Box. Metal box painted dark blue with New Monument painted in white on the front. Formerly Box number 484, now Mining Box number 16. Box contains various documents relating to the New Monument mine. Documents are individually catalogued within the box.mining, mining box, mccoll, ranking & stanistreet, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, new monument gmc n/l, gold mining, mining box -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, October,1900, 1900
... Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, October,1900 ...Soft covered magazine of 16 pages. Articles include: Notes on Broken Hill III, Its Mines and Minerals (by W. J. Williams, Assayer Australian Metal Co. Ltd. Broken Hill), The Lake View Consols (by F. S. Earp), Neglected mineral fields - Euriowie and Warrata, A glimpse ahead, News and notes, Students Association, S.M.B. Melbourne excursion, Balance sheet School of Mines Concert in aid of soldiers statue fund, Football, Cricket, Editorial notices.broken hill, w. j. williams, metal co. ltd. broken hill, lake view consols, f. s. earp), euriowie, warrata, students association, school of mines concert in aid of soldiers statue fund, soldiers statue fund, e. l. ditchburn, prof. dawbarn, s. via, r. gordon todd, a. b. reid, o. e. jager, j. a. reid, c. s. wakley, h. g. giles, f. h. krause, ferdinand krause, g. mcintyre, e. trend, marriott, eeles, elder, r. t. vale, b. sawyer, marks, c. h. vale, a. gibson. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Letter - Correspondence, E.J. Barker, Letter relating the the Ballarat Observatory, 1966, 1966
The Ballarat Observatory is situated at Mount Pleasant.Correspondence relating the the Ballarat Observatory. .1) Robert J. Strange, Secretary of the Ballaarat Astronomical Society, writes to E.J. Barker (Principal, Ballarat School of Mines) regarding ownership of telescopes. .2) E.J. Barker (Principal, Ballarat School of Mines) writes to Bert Strange concerning ownership of telescopes .3) Bert Strange writes to Jack Barker with details of the telescopes, including references to James Oddie. The telescopes in question were three Newtonian reflectors, one Cassegrainian focus reflector and one "Calver" telescope on altazimuth mounting. .4) Former Ballarat School of Mines Principal, Dick Richards, writes to Jack Barker regarding the telescopes. Mention is made of John Brittain's ten inch mirror on a metal tube, stored on the penthouse on the roof of the Art School. .5) Ballarat School of Mines librarian, Heather Durant, writes to Jack Barker . .6) Simple timeline relating to the Ballarat School of Mines .7) Extracts for the Ballarat School of Mines Annual Reports relating to the Ballarat Observatory, the James Oddie donation, and the transfer of the Observatory to the Ballarat East Town Council. 8)Two quarto typed pages from Jack Barker to Bert Strange outlining the research undertaken to report that the telescopes were not in the possession of the Ballarat School of Mines. ballarat school of mines, jack barker, e.j. barker, ballarat observatory, bert strange, robert f. strange, telescopes, dick richards, r.w. richards, heather durant, mount pleasant, mt pleasant -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Booklet, British Army, Field Engineering and Mine Warfare: Pamplet No.3: Demolitions, Part 1 - All Arms 1953, 1953
A blueish coloured cardboard cover with black information on it. Top right hand side reads WO Code No. 8776. Under the heading Field Engineering and Mine Warfare there is a pictue which has been damaged. There are three punch holes and two metal staples down the left hand side.british armed forces - service manuals, field engineering, mine warfare, demolitions -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, September,1900, 1900
... Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, September,1900 ...News and notes, The stoping of wide lodes (by J. V. Lake), Summaries & notes from the Australian Mining Standard, Notes on Broken Hill, I. Its mines and minerals (by W. J. Williams, Assayer Australian Metal Co. Ltd. Broken Hill), Motive power from the waves, Electrical notes, Some account of Italian mining (by C. Maglione), Students Association, The school Theatre Parly, Past Students, Poetry, Football, Surveying rules, correspondence, Editorial notes.Soft covered magazine of 14 pages. stoping of wide lodes, j. v. lake, broken hill, w. j. williams, australian metal co. ltd. broken hill, motive power from the waves, italian mining (by c. maglihone, students association, poetry, football, surveying rules, alumni, arthur coyte, fraser, crittenden, atherton, sander, j. sutherland, roberts, j. dunstan, hurston, moss, arthur e. liburne, kildahl, a. f. baird, e. h. elliott, a. dirge, a. b. reid, o. e. jager, j. a. reid, w. c. wakley, a. s. burdekin, r. g. todd, f. h. krause, g. mcintyre, ferdinand krause -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat School of Mines Prospectus A and B, 1916-7, c1917
... Ballarat School of Mines Prospectus A and B, 1916-7 ...The Ballarat Technical Art School was part of the Ballarat School of Mines.1) Ballarat School of Mines Prospectus A .2) Ballarat School of Mines Prospectus B Contents includes teaching staff, school hours, curriculum, fee list, Travelling concessions, school library, classification of subjects. scholarships, Full art and Craft Courses (Industrial Design; Figure, Modelling, Painting and Design; Figure Drawing, Modelling, Painting and Design; Fashion Plate Drawing; Black and White Illustration; Modelling; Wood Carving and Lettering; Art Metal Work; Retouching, colouring, &c; Architectural Diploma; Draughtsmen's Courses; Art Teachers' Courses; Outdoor Sketching Classes; Photography; Building Construction and Architectural Drawing; Ticketwriting; Signwriting and Decorating COurse; Dressmaking, Needlework, etc; Preparatory Technical Classes for Girls; Day Commercial Classes; Other Branches of the School's Activities, examination results; Art Teachers' Certificate. Includes an image of W.H. Middleton, President of the Ballarat School of Mines; Staff of the Ballarat School of Minesballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, design, modelling, figure drawing, fashion plate drawing, black and white illustration, wood carving, lettering, art metal work, retouching, architecture, architectural diploma, draughtsmen's courses, art teachers' courses, outdoor sketching classes, photography, building construction, architectural drawing, ticketwriting, signwriting and decorating, dressmaking, needlework, art teachers' certificate. -
Bendigo Military Museum
Manual - MOTOR REGIMENT PRECIS, Aust Army - A.F.V. School, Motor Regiment Wing, August 1942
Items in the collection re Lt. Col. Swatton, refer Cat No 6719.2P for his service details.This is a handmade folder holding foolscap sheets. The sheets are printed on both sides. Some of the sheets have drawings of patrol formations, maps and how to make booby traps. It has several pages of Japanese Battle procedures. The book is bound with 2 metal clips. It has R.T. Procedures, Land Mines and barbed wire entanglements.Written on front is "MAJ. Priddle". Inside front cover, on a sticky label is "On loan from the estate of Colonel J. W. Swatton Ref No. JWS M36". passchendaele barracks trust, battle procedures -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: AUSTRALIAN MINES AND METALS ASSOCIATION REPORT, 1936
4 page report of nineteenth annual meeting of the Australian Mines & Metals Association, held 17th March, 1937. Contains statement ' it is pleasing to note that mining operations last year were not interrupted by any serious industrial troubles' and ' the year 1936 has been one of great activity in the metalliferous mining industry of the Commonwealth'business, mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, metalliferous, mines and metals -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Functional object - Bucket hooks
Two bucket hooks made of metal used in mine shafts, one is a swivel hook that will open and close to lock on the bucket on to it. The other is an open hook that is attached to a chain. a; hook in closed position so the bucket can't come out. b; hook in open position to put the bucket on to the hook c; hook attached to a chain bucket hooks, minning -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Domestic Object - SILVER DESK SET, 1907
Britannia metal deskset, base with six legs supporting 6 small figures joined by garlands of laurels, a container with 4 elephant heads and small lid with female bust, on either side are two cut glass inkwells with Britannia metal flip up lids sitting in recesses. Inscription reading 'Presented to the Hon & Mrs D.J.Duggan by F.Gillman & L.A.Trouchet on the occasion of their silver wedding 26.4.07. Hon. D J Duggan was the member for Dunolly and the first Minister for Lands and Mines in the State Parliament,Manufactured by Phillip Ashbury & Sons Sheffield Pattern 89Fdomestic equipment, writing equipment, deskset, di1449.1.1 - di 1449.1.3 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: DEBORAH EXTENDED GMC N L - MINING BOX, 1940s
Mining box. Metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 476 - Now Deborah Extended Mining Box 20. Tag affixed to front 'box 476' Printed on door in white paint 'Deborah Extended'. Box contains various documents relating to Deborah Extended Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.mining, business, mining box 20, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, deborah extended gmc n l, gold mining, mining box -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION COLLECTION: CENTRAL NAPOLEON
Mining Box: metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 472 - Now Central Napoleon Mining Box 3. Tag affixed to front ' box 472' Printed on door in white paint ' Central Napoleon'. Box contains various documents relating to Central Napoleon Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.mining, parish map, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL DEBORAH MINING BOX
Mining Box: metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 481 - Now Central Deborah Mining Box 1. Tag affixed to front ' Box 481' Printed on door in white paint ' Central Deborah'. Box contains various documents relating to Central Deborah Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.Central Deborah - printed on doormining, parish map, central deborah gold mine, mccoll, rankin and stanistreet, mining, goldmining, central deborah gold mine. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NORTH DEBORAH MINING BOX
Mining Box: metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 482 - Now North Deborah Mining Box 7. Tag affixed to front ' box 482' Printed on door in white paint ' North Deborah'. Box contains various documents relating to North Deborah Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.mining, parish map, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, north deborah -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NAPOLEON REEF MINING BOX
Mining Box: metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 489 - Now Napoleon Reef Mining Box 5. Tag affixed to front ' box 489' Printed on door in white paint ' Napoleon Reef'. Box contains various documents relating to Napoleon Reef Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.mining, parish map, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, napoleon reef -
Federation University Historical Collection
Painting - Artwork - Painting, [Still Life] c 1931 - 1933, 1931-1933
The full folio of work undertaken by Alice Watson while a student at the Ballarat Technical Art School is held by Federation University Australia.Double sided. Two water colour paintings undertaken by Edith Alice (Alice) Watson for art course at the Ballarat Technical Art School, a division of the Ballarat School of Mines. One side has a corked bottle,jar with leaves and onions. At the side is a flower and two onions. Verso is a blue vase, metal mug, champagne glass, an onion and two tomatoes. E.A.WATSON verso lrs of paintingballarat technical art school, edith alice watson, ornament, flora, alumni, still life, water colour, onions, alice watson, tomatoes -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NORTH DEBORAH GMC N L - MINE BOX, 1940's
Mining box. Metal box, painted dark blue, formerly box number 474 - Now North Deborah Mining Box 19. Tag affixed to front 'box 474'. North Deborah written on brown paper label on the front of the box. Box contains various documents relating to the North Deborah Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within box.North Deborah on labelmining, business, north deborah mining box 19, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, north deborah gmc n l, gold mining, mining box -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Archive - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: SOUTH WATTLE GULLY COMPANY N/L - MINING BOX, 1930's
Mining Box. Metal box painted dark blue with South Wattle Gully painted in white on the front. Formerly box number 479 - now South Wattle Gully Mining Box 15. Tag affixed to front 'box 479'. Box contains various documents relating to South Wattle Gully Mine. Documents are individually catalogued within the box.South Wattle Gullymining, business, mining box 15, mccoll, rankin & stanistreet, south wattle gully company n/l, gold mining, mining box -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Cassiterite
This specimen is Cassiterite in Quartz. Cassiterite is a tin oxide metal that forms in thin crystals which can have a beautiful lustre. Quartz is made of silicon dioxide, also known as silica, and is one of the most common minerals on earth. Cassiterite has been a fundamental source of tin ore for humans throughout history, including today. Tin is an important metal that has a wide variety of human uses in different areas, from dying fabric, to making mirrors, and their most well-known use ‘tin’ cans. Tin cans are primarily made of steel and are coated with tin in order to take advantage of tin’s property of being non-corroding. This is a massive step in the history of food preservation. Tinned food first reached Australia in 1815 with early settlers, and it began to be manufactured here in the 1840s. It was incredibly popular, and was a highly exported product, which would be a contributing factor to the ‘tin mining boom’ of the early 1880s. This specimen was collected at Jingellic, New South Wales, in about 1852. Although the Goldfields of the 1800s are much more well-known, tin mines existed alongside the gold mines which began in the mid 19th century and extended almost one hundred years, to the mid 20th century. Specimens like this would have been used as evidence to justify tin mining operations in the region as an investment. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. The Geological Survey of Victoria was headed by British geologist, Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), who was responsible for issuing over 60 geological maps during his 17 years as director. These maps were all hand-drawn and coloured and became the benchmark for accuracy for geological mapping. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A fist-sized solid geological specimen made on one half of tin oxide, which is dark grey, and on the other side of silica, which is brown and cream.burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen