Young Greek born men who had migrated to Australia were recruited to the defence forces during World War 2. Pictured is a group belonging to Civilian Military Forces. Standing, second from the right, is Nakis (Nick) Raftopoulos.During the period of the second world war, Ithacans who were unnaturalised were recruited into the Civilian Military Forces as 'Allied Aliens' and served the war effort on the home front. Naturalised Ithacans saw active service.A black and white photograph of nine men in army uniform at a camp. Five men are standing behind the other four who are sitting in front.

Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.625.non-fictionIn the wake of the September 11th horror, nothing could be timelier than this exploration of world terrorism and the forces that fight it--armies and missions often shrouded in mystery. A foremost expert on guerrilla warfare presents, for the first time, a comprehensive investigation of covert military operations from Vietnam to Afghanistan. Among the revelations: that the CIA handed out shoulder-fired antiaircraft missiles "like lollipops" to Osama bin Laden and other mujahadeen leaders, weapons they may now turn against us how British SAS operated inside Afghanistan against the Russians and used "former special forces" personnel for clandestine missions why secret militia and locally recruited fighters successfully defeated guerrillas and terrorists in Oman, Malaya, and Borneo, but could not in Indochina and Algeria and how "fighting dirty" sometimes meant helping drug dealers in exchange for their support. Most relevant is the detailed analysis of why Russia failed to conquer Afghanistan, what we can learn from their experience, and the perils awaiting any invader. special forces - operations - 20th century, special forces - operations - 20th century

Bibliography, Index, Chronology, ill (plates, col, b/w) maps. p.452.non-fictionFrom longbow, pike, and musket to Challenger tanks, from the Napoleonic Wars to the Gulf campaign, the Duke of Marlborough to Field Marshal Montgomery, The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army recounts the history of the British army from its medieval antecedents to the present day. Drawing on the latest scholarship, this survey shows how British fighting forces have evolved over the last five centuries. The continuities revealed are sometimes surprising: narrow recruitment patterns, friction between soldiers and civilians, financial constraints and recurrent political pressure for economies are constant themes. Commanders, campaigns, battles, organization, and weaponry are covered in detail within the wider context of the social, economic, and political environment in which armies exist and fight. The British army has been remarkably successful in fighting terms, losing only one major war (of American Independence 1775-83). As one of the engines of empire it has been active all over the world, as well as shaping the internal destiny of the nation in civil war and revolution. Its history is charted in a sequence of chronological chapters, each containing special feature articles, beginning with the medieval, Elizabethan, and Restoration army and moving on through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the two world wars of the twentieth. The book concludes with accounts of the army of British India, the amateur military tradition, the British way in warfare, and an assessment of what the future may hold in the light of the Options for Change review. Extensively illustrated in black and white and colour, and with a detailed chronology and further reading lists, this is the definitive one-volume history of the British army for specialists and non-specialists alike.great britain - military history, great britain - military tradition

The author joined the Australian Regular Army in 1966. After initial ten weeks recruit training at Kapooka, went to Infantry centre, Bardia Barracks at Ingleburn to complete ten weeks of Corps Trainingvietnam war, 1961-1975 - poetry, war poetry - australian

The author joined the Australian Regular Army in 1966. After initial ten weeks recruit training at Kapooka, went to Infantry centre, Bardia Barracks at Ingleburn to complete ten weeks of Corps Trainingvietnamese conflict, 1961-1975 - poetry

The author joined the Australian Regular Army in 1966. After initial ten weeks recruit training at Kapooka, went to Infantry centre, Bardia Barracks at Ingleburn to complete ten weeks of Corps Trainingvietnam war, 1961-1975 - poetry, war poetry - australian

The author joined the Australian Regular Army in 1966. After initial ten weeks recruit training at Kapooka, went to Infantry centre, Bardia Barracks at Ingleburn to complete ten weeks of Corps Trainingvietnamese conflict, 1961-1975 - poetry

Program for a rally arranged by the City of St Kilda on 26 June 1940 at St Kilda Town Hall to recruit numbers and raise war savings. Includes a detachable application form for War Savings Certificates on the back page. One of the speakers at the rally was Gunner Harold Holt MHR, who later served as Prime Minister in 1966-67. Holt was elected to Parliament in 1935 at the age of 27. He enlisted in the Militia in February 1939, joining a part-time artillery unit for businessmen and professionals and, May 1940, without resigning his seat, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force with the intent of becoming a full-time soldier. He was posted to the 2/4th Field Regiment, holding the rank of gunner. Within three months his brief military career came to an end when three senior government ministers died in a plane crash, an election was called, and he was given leave from the Army to campaign. He was re-elected and then resigned from the Army in October 1940 upon being sworn in as Minister for Labour and National Service.Cream coloured paper, printed in blue on both sides, folded and perforated at the fold city of st kilda, world war ii, wwii fund-raising, harold holt, arnold colman

Corporal W E Brown was recruited to continue to serve in the AMF for a period of two years from 30 April 1946. He served at Murchson Camp 13 during WW2.Black and white copy of a document from the Australian Army. ID no, name and rank and signature of person being recuited.corporal w e brown, amf, camp 13 murchison, australian army, australian army recruitment

Badge received by Dorothy Kiely in 2012 on the 70th anniversary of the Australian Women's Land Army. The Australian Women’s Land Army (AWLA) was formed during the Second World War to combat rising labour shortages in the farming sector. From December 1941, when Japan entered the war, the nation’s need to build up its armed forces was placed above the needs of other industries. Agricultural labour was steadily diverted to the armed services and war industry To meet the shortfall in rural labour, State and private women’s land organisations were organised, modelled on those established in Great Britain during the First and Second World Wars. A national body was formed on 27 July 1942 under the jurisdiction of the Director General of Manpower. While policy was devised by the Commonwealth Government, the organisation of the AWLA remained State-based. An extensive recruiting campaign was undertaken for new members. Most members of the existing land armies were later incorporated into the AWLA as well. Black box containing gold star shaped badge with red crown above Australian coat of arms Badge:-Australian Women's Land Army 70th Anniversary 2012 Box:- top in gold lettering 70th Anniversary of the Australian Women's Land Armyawla, ww2, dorothy kiely

Recruiting poster of "Some Types of HM Army"first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Leslie James FIMMEL. He was born on 19/01/1922 in Warracknabeal, VIC. Leslie James served in the Army (V225108) enlisting on, 05/11/1941 in Warracknabeal, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 7 AUST INF BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 19/06/1946. Leslie James FIMMEL was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is A FIMMEL.Dated Horsham, 28/10/1941second world war (ww2), 1939 - 1945, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Pre-Militia Field Ambulance Recruitsphoto, ww1, army

This Australian Womens Army Services (AWAS) Hat belonged to Marion (Tib) Owler. Established in August 1941, the AWAS in consisted of 6000 women by January 1942. Some 20,000 were in service by the end of that same year. They worked in roles including administration, driving, catering, signals and intelligence, and were paid around two-thirds of their male counterparts. The item represents Australian women’s army uniform headdress from WW 2. The hat’s stylish design was an important aspect of the recruiting campaign for the women’s services of 1942.Fur felt brimmed hat. Band holds Rising Sun badge centre front, and a red & blue unit colour patch is also attached to the band on the side.tagged - kyn rsl 2012/3women's army services, women's uniform, ww2 uniform.

In 1970s Army Reserve Units carried out their own recruiting and NCO training. RSM Kennard was a member of the 8/13 VMR Cadre staff.Fine study of Army Reserve soldiers at Albury 1970s.Black and White photograph of soldiers in two ranks with instructor in front" NCO Course, Albury, RSM WO1 Kennard " List of some members of squad follows.

Army Reserve regiments were responsible for their own recruiting in 1970sShows recruiting activity involving the community of which regiment was part.Black and White photograph of 8/13 VMR soldier in turret of M 113 Armoured Personnel Carrier with boy in civilian dress wearing headphones." Trooper McKechnie Recruiting Drive."military, vmr, recruiting, pr

While many recruits could already drive when they joined 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles it took many hours of instruction and training before they were licenced to drive heavier, more complex army vehicles both on and off road and under combat conditions.Members of the Women’s Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) were posted to Army Reserve units in the 1980s and 1990s. They were rarely posted to Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) but were invaluable in the A1 Echelon driving fuel, ammunition, ration and water supply vehicles. Shows citizen soldiers on weekend training.Colour photograph of 4 soldiers of ' A ' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles at a road side break during a driving exercise, 1986. From left : Corporal M. Roberts, Private T. Roche, Corporal Tewson and Trooper Bowerman.military, citizen soldiers, vmr, uniform

While many recruits could already drive when they joined 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles it took many hours of instruction and training before they were licenced to drive heavier, more complex army vehicles both on and off road and under combat conditions.Two colour photographs of two soldiers of ' A ' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles, one holding a dislodged guide post. Line of trucks behind them. probably a driver training exercise. Corporal M. Roberts is wearing beret.

While many recruits could already drive when they joined 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles it took many hours of instruction and training before they were licenced to drive heavier, more complex army vehicles both on and off road and under combat conditions. Members of the Women’s Royal Australian Army Corps (WRAAC) were posted to Army Reserve units in the 1980s and 1990s. They were rarely posted to Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) but were invaluable in the A1 Echelon driving fuel, ammunition, ration and water supply vehicles. Two colour photographs of group of soldiers of ' A ' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles at a meal break during a driving exercise, 1986. Considerable variation in dress and headgear. Green beret at left, Sergeant D. Reynolds; hat Private T. Roche; Black beret Sergeant H. Wilson; no hat Corporal M. Roberts ; peak Cap with badge Warrant Officer 2 Burnie; Peak cap Corporal Potts.

A cadre staff of regular soldiers was posted to Army Reserve units to assist with training and administration. While many recruits could already drive when they joined 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles it took many hours of instruction and training before they were licenced to drive heavier, more complex army vehicles both on and off road and under combat conditions.Colour photograph of two members of Cadre Staff of ' A ' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles during a driver training exercise 1986. camouflaged vrhicle in background." Corporal Potts, WO " Burnie "

Private Roach was one of a number of female soldiers in ' A ' Squadron 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles who filled driver and administrative posts. While many recruits could already drive when they joined 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles it took many hours of instruction and training before they were licenced to drive heavier, more complex army vehicles both on and off road and under combat conditions.Colour photograph of large vehicle under camouflage netting. Private T. Roche is adjusting netting." Echelon in hide "

This is the story of how the people of Boroondara experienced World War 1. It is a story of great loss, pain and struggle, but also a community that came together to provide strength and support to each other in dark and uncertain times.This is the story of how the people of Boroondara experienced World War 1. It is a story of great loss, pain and struggle, but also a community that came together to provide strength and support to each other in dark and uncertain times.australian army, australain imperial force, world war 1914-1918 casualties, world war 1914-1918 recruiting enlistments etc, world war 1914-1918 participation, world war 1914-1918 social aspects, world war 1914-1918 biography

Doris Lilian Wright of 214 Union Road was a milliner but joined the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) in the early war years. The Women’s Australian National Service (WANS) was inaugurated in 1940. Training for members of the WANS included air raid drills, first aid, basic military drills, and even shooting, signalling, and mechanics. AWAS on formed on 13 August 1941 with the objective of releasing more men into forward areas. The Army was particular with its recruiting and four references were required; another stipulation was that teeth were in good condition. Doris was located at Elwood. Their training area was along the foreshore and one day to their great surprise there were crowds of American Marines – "the cream of the American Army". These were the first Americans to arrive in Australia to strengthen the defence of the country. The Americans soon went north and the AWAS went off to Balcombe on the Mornington Peninsula. At this time there were no uniforms for the girls only ‘giggle’ dresses – of a non-descript colour. They were not expected to appear in public in these and wore civilian dress. Japan had just entered the war and there were more urgent demands on restricted supplies. The formal uniforms eventually arrived.A black and white photograph of a lady in an army uniform and wearing a hat.union road, surrey hills, uniforms, clothing and dress, (miss) doris wright, australian women's army service

Framed PosterDonation details on back of frame -Donated to Lilydale RSL in Memory of Harry Clarence Mitchell 1907-1967 VX530562 2/4 Australian Army Field Workshop and Nancy Jean Mitchell 1913-2004 RAAF 95020. Former residents of Mooroolbark and Mt. Evelyn.

This article acknowledged the naming of Ory's Trail at Falls Creek in 1986. Orest “Ory” Frueauf was born in Kharkov, Russia in 1925 and moved to Germany with his family to escape persecution. He was conscripted to the German Army during the Second World War. He was a POW until 1948. He was recruited by a French construction company to work as and interpreter on a hydroelectricity project in Tasmania. Ory then moved to work on the Snowy Mountain Scheme including driving a truck to fill the wall of the Rocky Valley dam. In 1952 Ory was recruited by the Albury Ski Club as its lodge supervisor. That year he also entered into a business partnership with Cecil Dobson, running the general store “Whitehaven” and Post Office at Falls Creek. They extended their business by adding accommodation turning Whitehaven into one of the best commercial lodges at Falls Creek. Ory and Cecil dissolved their business partnership in 1963 and Ory went on to build a new lodge called “Snowhaven” at the site of the present day Frueauf Village, Falls Creek. Ory retired to Tawonga, Victoria in 1992 and passed away in 1999.This article is significant because it documents the naming of Ory's Trail to recognise a pioneer of Falls Creek.A newspaper item about Ory Freauf on the occasion of the naming of Ory's Trail at Falls Creek.falls creek pioneers, frueauf, ory frueauf

The Rising Sun badge also known as the General Service badge or the Australian Army badge is the official insignia of the Australian Army. Worn on the brim of a slouch hat or the front of a peaked cap (selected appointments only). The badge is readily identified with the spirit of ANZAC, the legend of the Australian Soldier (or digger) and the esprit de corps of the Army itself, due to the association with the landing at Gallipoli in 1915. Today, new recruits receive the iconic badge with their initial issue of equipment which happens within their first three days of enlistment.Rising Sun Metal badge Australian Commonwealth Military Forces 1914 - 1918 War.

Bonegilla operated as an army base from September 1940 and by 1943 was expanded to 848 buildings, including a general hospital. It provided training for small arms instructors, signallers, transport workers, bomb disposal and gas warfare personnel. In a response to the need to house the growing number of displaced persons coming to Australia, the Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre began operating in 1947. For some time it was a shared facility but the Army withdrew temporarily from Bonegilla in 1949, whilst still retaining ownership of the site. From 1949-65 Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre operated without a military presence. However, in the late 1960s and Australia’s commitments to the Vietnam War and pressed by the need to find accommodation to train men, especially National Servicemen, the Army negotiated with the Department of Immigration to take over several blocks at Bonegilla in 1965. Thirty-five huts were acquired by the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps as a Recruit Training Centre in which National Servicemen and recruits could attend 10-week ordnance courses. Shortly afterwards additional huts were acquired by the School of Military Survey, which established field-survey practical training areas and special astronomical observation sites as it began conducting courses in surveying. Instructors and trainees co-located at Bonegilla with migrant reception centre. In 1971 the Reception Centre closed and the site reverted to the Army. Progressively after 1971 the Army undertook a major site redevelopment with the construction of Latchford Barracks as the Army Apprentice School. Later Latchford Barracks was redeveloped into part of the Army Logistic Training Centre. Block 19 of the Mirant Reception Centre later became the Bonegilla Migrant Experience Heritage Park.This item depicts a heritage listed historical site located in the Wodonga district.A large poster size representation of the variety of buildings at Bonegilla, Victoria when it served as the location for the Royal Australian School of Military Survey. The insignia of the Royal Australian Survey Corps is featured in the top left hand corner.Top left corner: Insignia of the Royal Australian Survey Corps At bottom of sketches: "The School of Military Survey, Bonegilla Victoria / January 1966 - December 1982migrant reception centre bonegilla, army at bonegilla, australian military

Arthur Edward Stevenson enlisted on 17 September 1914 and served with the 14th Battalion of the AIF. He was killed in action at Gallipoli on 20 August 1915 at age 28. His personal effects of a belt, hairbrush, knife, postcards and photos were returned to his brother John in June 1916. Later that year, John Stevenson wrote to the Officer in Charge of base records, asking for confirmation of his brother’s death, as he had received a letter from Arthur dated 27 August 1915, seven days later than the date on which he was reportedly killed. The Army confirmed that Arthur had in fact died, and concluded that he had likely misdated his letter. In 1920, Arthur’s sister Rachel wrote to the Department of Defence, asking whether her brother’s grave had been located and again querying the date of his death. Later, she completed a form that was sent to next of kin seeking information on deceased soldiers for the Australian War Memorial’s Roll of Honour. Arthur Stevenson’s death is recorded at the Lone Pine Memorial on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Honour Certificates WW1 - From 1915 onwards, recruits in many shires and towns in eastern Australia were honoured by local government authorities. A common form of recognition was the award of honour certificates. The first honour certificates were presented in 1915 and 1916 to men who had yet to leave Australia. The designers and publishing companies solicited business directly from councils. Publishers began to print two different types of certificates: honour certificates to thank soldiers who had survived and memorial certificates to commemorate the dead. D.W. Paterson, a Melbourne publishing firm, claimed they had supplied certificates to over 150 cities and shires in Victoria and New South Wales, including the Shire of Wodonga. Paterson also had the widest range of designs The certificate signified that the officials of the community recognised and shared the family's pride and grief. The certificate was signed by S. T Parker, Shire President and R. H. Murphy, Council Secretary on 4th August 1919.This certificate is significant as it recognises service given to Australia by Arthur Edward Stevenson. Coloured certificate presented to the family of Arthur Ernest Stevenson by Wodonga Shire Council. The certificate is mounted behind glass in a wooden frame.gallipoli, world war 1, arthur edward stevenson

This photograph was taken circa 1981 - 1982 by Tourism Victoria. Orest “Ory” Frueauf was born in Kharkov, Russia in 1925 and moved to Germany with his family to escape persecution. He was conscripted to the German Army during the Second World War. He was a POW until 1948. He was recruited by a French construction company to work as and interpreter on a hydroelectricity project in Tasmania. Ory then moved to work on the Snowy Mountain Scheme including driving a truck to fill the wall of the Rocky Valley dam. In 1952 Ory was recruited by the Albury Ski Club as its lodge supervisor. That year he also entered into a business partnership with Cecil Dobson, running the general store “Whitehaven” and Post Office at Falls Creek. They extended their business by adding accommodation turning Whitehaven into one of the best commercial lodges at Falls Creek. Ory and Cecil dissolved their business partnership in 1963 and Ory went on to build a new lodge called “Snowhaven” at the site of the present day Frueauf Village, Falls Creek. The trail known as Ory's Trail is also named in his honour. Ory retired to Tawonga, Victoria in 1992 and passed away in 1999.This image is significant because it portrays a pioneer of Falls Creek.A4 size black and white photograph of Ory Frueauf standing at the bar at Snowhaven Lodge with Vovka-Finlandia VodkaOn back of photograph: Orest Freauf 1925-1997. 1925 - Born in Kharkov, Russia, 1951 Tasmania Hydro Electric Co; 1954 Howman's Gap, Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme; 1955 Falls Creek Trading and Transport Co; 1957 Winterhaven Ski Lodge; 1963 Snowhaven Ski Lodge; 1992 Tawonga Southory freauf, hydro electric, tourism victoria, winterhaven ski lodge, snowhaven ski lodge, snow, orest frueauf