Apartments opened for 1991 / 1992 seasonColour photograph of Bellevue Apartments, built on Marine Parade. Modern style building, concrete slab construction, each unit having own balcony. Section of Lakeside Motel seen on left, Hybiscus Motel on right. Car on street at front. Lakes Entrance Victoriahotels, architecture, transport

Series of two digital photos of the reconstruction of the sub-station Ballarat Tramway Museum - 12/6/2014 with the concrete being poured on 12-6-14 by Peter Waugh. 6029.1 - Paul Mong and ?? screeding off the concrete slab. 6029.2 - ditto with the isolating transformer in the background.Photo by Peter Waugh, collected for reference purposestrams, tramways, btm, substation, depot, reconstruction

A sledge hammer is generally wielded with both hands and is used for driving wedges and posts and for other heavy work. It can be used to remove concrete slabs, to drive heavy steel bolts into concrete, to hammer large stakes as well as for demolition.This item was a common tool used by farmers or blacksmiths.A large flat hammer with a wooden handle.Underneath hammer - 10hammer sledge-hammer tool

Yields information the reconstruction of the Canadian Creek Bridge in 1955.Digital image from the Wal Jack Ballarat Album of No. 32 at Canadian Creek bridge in Barkly St, Mt Pleasant during the reconstruction of the bridge. Shows the new concrete base for the track in position. Photo dated 19-6-55 and shows the reconstruction work in progress. Tram was isolated to enable the service in Barkly St during the reconstruction of the Canadian Creek bridge during June-July 1955, see Reg Item 5155, 5157 as well and 5301, 5302 and 5305 and 7735. See image i2 for rear of photograph. See image i3 for hi res scan of print. See image i4 for hi res scan of negativeOn rear in ink "SEC Ballarat No. 35 east of creek, No. 32 concrete slabs for tram track placed across new box girders, Barkly St Ballarat East 19-6-55." In top right hand corner is Wal Jack stamp with number T179 written in.trams, tramways, mt pleasant, canadian creek, barkly st, bridges, tram 32

Newspaper clipping documents deputations to the Minister of Public Works for grants to be made available for repairs to bridges and roads damaged by heavy flooding in 1933, in particular, the replacement of a stone and concrete bridge over the Leigh River at Garibaldi in the Buninyong Shire. The concrete slabs were still in the water in the 1960s/70s or even later. Three black and white photographs showing flood damage to the bridge over the Leigh River at Garibaldi, plus a photocopy of a newspaper clipping from The Argus December 1933 describing the extent of the flood damage. .1) shows blue stone buttress and collapsed bridge/road. .2) mirror image of above .3) unknown man waling an a girder of the Garibaldi bridge .4) photocopy of newspaper clipping about flood damage from The Argus December 1933Damage by Floods: Bridges washed away (The Argus December 1933)leigh river, garibaldi, buninyong shire, richard vincent, garibaldi bridge

In December of 1939 the excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February 1940. Lewis Construction Co. had the contract with excavation starting in February and the first batch of concrete placed in September. In 1942 the S.E.C. took over the construction and the wall was completed in March, 1944. Type of construction: reinforced concrete slab buttress.Of historical importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the form work and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the hydro electric scheme. The destruction caused by the 1939 bushfires is also evident in the upper left hand corner.A black and white photograph of the early construction of Junction Dam wall viewed from downstreamOn back of photograph (left hand upper corner) Junction Dam 4-4-81 Dam viewed from downstream 352 Time to use for correct Exp. 40 secjunction dam, bogong, secv

In December of 1939 the excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February, 1940. Lewis Construction Company had the contract with excavation starting in February and the first batch of concrete placed in September. In 1942 the SECV took over the construction and the wall was completed in March, 1944. Type of construction: Reinforced concrete, slab buttress.Of historical importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the form work and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the hydro electric scheme. The destruction caused by the 1939 bushfires is also evident in the upper left hand cornerBlack and white photo, early construction of Junction Dam Wall, viewed from downstreamOn back of photo (left hand upper corner) Junction Dam 5-4-81 Dam viewed from downstream. 352 Time to use for correct exp. 40 sec.bogong, junction dam, secv

Excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced in 1939 to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February 1940 and excavation for the dam wall commenced in the same month, with the first batch of concrete placed in September. Lewis construction Company had the contract, but the S.E.C. took over construction in March 1942 and the dam was completed in March 1944. Type of construction: reinforced concrete, slab buttress.Importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the formwork and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the Kiewa Hydro Electric SchemeBlack and white photos (2 identical) of early construction of Junction Dam wall, viewed from downstream.Back of photo, upper right hand corner: No. 1 - Construction of Bogong Dam Wall (written in pencil) No. 2 - Same as one (written in pencil)construction, dam wall, excavation, bogong, secv

Photo shows 2 children aged about 5, standing on a concrete slab path beside a fibro-cement house. Kay Breen is wearing a gingham pinafore over a short-sleeved blouse. Rex Breen is wearing dark shorts with braces over a top with some sort of striped pattern. Behind them is another house with a circular water tank on a wooden stand. In the background there are tall pine trees.

Photo No. 1 - Junction Dam wall was commenced in February, 1940 and completed in March 1944. Type - reinforced concrete slab and buttress. Height 25.9m, and crest length 121.9m. Lewis Construction company had the original contract, but was replaced by the State Electricity Commission in 1942. Photo No. 2 - Bogong Village was the first village built to house workers and their families working on the Hydro electric scheme. Construction commenced 1940. The single men's quarters are slightly right of centre on the foreshore. Lake Guy was named after a former resident engineer.Shows the type of terrain where the village is located resulting in the tiered layout that was necessary in order to erect housing.set of 2 black and white photos - Photo No. 1 - downstream view of Junction Dam Wall Photo No. 2 - Lake Guy and Bogong Village. Both are on photographic paperPhoto No. 1 - Upper right hand corner, back of photo, handwritten in ink or biro, Bogong 1950 Photo No. 2 - Left lower corner, front of photo in white, Bogong.bogong village, lake guy, secv

From a wallet of minitiature postcards published by Bulmer for sale to tourists. Also enlarged black and white copy 18.5 x 25 cm,Black and white mini postcard of Esplanade, showing timber groynes for sand control at edge of lake at walking path of concrete slabs. Across the highway from left to right is Kia-Ora House, Heyfield House, Coate Bros Garage, Robin Hood Inn, Vizes Cafe, Vic Carstairs, Miss Brown's (subagent for Statebank), Methodist Church, Bellevue Guest House, Police Station, Maranui Guest House, Glenara Guest House. Lakes Entrance Victoriatownship, waterfront, accommodation

The Opportunity Shop – Established 1975 by Edna Barrie 1992 In 1985 the need for more shop space became apparent. Les [Bone] had plans drawn up (Surv 12/8/84) and approved by the Melton shire Council for a storeroom extension (17.800 x 9500) 1986 the small ancillary rooms at the rear of the timber church were demolished allowing the concrete slab to be laid. The building was completed in 1987. By the early 1900s the old timber Church had deteriorated, this lead to it being demolished in 2/11/1993. It was replaced with a new building containing a Pastoral Office, a meeting room and a furniture and homeware section. It was dedicated by Rev Ian Hickingbotham at 11am Sunday 5th June 1994. Invites to the service of conclusion of the original Uniting Church Opportunity Centre and official opening to the new shop in Melton Southchurches, local identities

SUMMARY – Uniting Church Op Shop Melton South Opportunity Shop – Brooklyn Road Melton South Est 1975 Former Methodist Church. The Opportunity Shop – Established 1975 by Edna Barrie 1992 Typed copy by Cath MacLean 2011 [Scots’ Presbyterian Church 1964] Additional information to the above summarised from Edna Barrie’s draft notes. Copied by Wendy Barrie January 2012, noting the information might be useful for future research. In 1985 the need for more shop space became apparent. Les [Bone] had plans drawn up (Surv 12/8/84) and approved by the Melton shire Council for a storeroom extension (17.800 x 9500) 1986 the small ancillary rooms at the rear of the timber church were demolished allowing the concrete slab to be laid. The building was completed in 1987. By the early 1990s the old timber Church had deteriorated, this lead to it being demolished in 2/11/1993. It was replaced with a new building containing a Pastoral Office, a meeting room and a furniture and homeware section. It was dedicated by Rev Ian Hickingbotham at 11am Sunday 5th June 1994. Service Awards were presented to 75 Opportunity Shop Volunteers by Rev Ian Hickingbotham. Funds have helped to pay for pastoral work, youth work and extra pastoral support. Lyrics for the Opportunity Shop which was located at the former Methodist Church. council, churches, local identities

Until the closure 40 years ago, the Myrtlebank Guesthouse near Halls Gap in the Grampians was a thriving family - run business. In 1962, all that changed when the government of the day purchased the land on which the guesthouse stood and some neighbouring farms and houses. For almost 40 Years, the remains of the buildings have been submered under the man made reservoir known as Lake Bellfield. Due to drought, the eater levels have dropped steadily and, in the past month, the memories underneath Lake Bellfield have come to the surface. Local resident Don warren 70, has been to have a look. His grandmother Anne Flower Warren, was 56 when she opened the guesthouse in 1916. Widowed, the year before after a horse kicked her farmer husband, Mrs Flower needed to provide for their large family. "She had 13 children - seven daughters. I think she built it to look after the girls," Mr Warren says, "The whole think was built on a 500 acre farm." With the guesthouse sited in the centre of the farm, the land was divided between two of her sons- Mr Warren's uncle working one side and his father taking the other. For Mr Warren, the grounds of the two-storey guesthouse were an extension of a huge rural playground in what he remembers as an idyllic childhood. "I used to get taken over there and I'd sit there and watch her make all the toast for the guests. It was quite full all the time - maybe 40 or 50 people. It was a great big place - very grand. In the bedrooms I can remember the great big bowls full of water to wash your face in. There was a big dining room, too. My grandmother was a great cook." By the time of Mrs Warren's death in 1936, her eldest daughter also Anne, had officially taken over the running of the business. "It was in the family right until the last bit. The youngest daughter, Auntie Hilda, took it over right at the end. they got a notice to say that's it - it's over There was no way out of that one." Mrs Ida Stanton, 78, is the historian for the Halls Gap and Grampians Historical Society. Can she remember it when it all happened? "Of course" she says "It's only 40 years ago" Her memories of Myrtlebank are of a place popular with honeymooners, who would often return year after year, bringing their families with them. "There was a lovely ballroom where they used to invite the Gap people and the tourists in to have balls. During the war it was one means of making money to send stuff over to the soldiers." Seeing just the stumps of the guesthouse and what had been his family home, Mr Warren says the bitterness is still there. "The hardest part was poor old dad. He was 70 years old when he got turfed out. Dad had been a farmer all his life - 214 acres, he had, and he got 22,000 quid. Had to move into town" Also showing beneath the drying lake is the concrete slab of the new home Mr Warren planned after his marriage to wife Anne in 1955. Another lost dream. " I was the only child, I was going to take over the farm, but that all changed. You can't take it over when it's full of water.Newspaper clipping of history of Myrtlebank by Don Warren and photo of Don at old site of pooland guest House photo Article by Claire Halliday from newspaper 2002accommodation, guesthouses, myrtlebank

From the Victorian Heritage Register statement of significance H0791 The Marmalake/Murtoa Grain Store, originally the No.1 Murtoa Shed, is located within the Murtoa Grain Terminal, adjacent to the grain elevator tower and railway line. The shed is 280m long, 60m wide and 19m high at the ridge with a capacity of 3.4 million bushels. The hipped corrugated iron roof of the shed is supported on approximately 600 unmilled hardwood poles set in a concrete slab floor and braced with iron tie rods. These poles are the reason for use of the term "stick shed". With its vast gabled interior and the long rows of poles the space has been likened to the nave of a cathedral. An elevator at one end took wheat from railway trucks to ridge level where it was distributed by conveyor along the length of the shed, creating a huge single mound of grain. Braced internal timber bulkheads on either side took the lateral thrust of the wheat, and conveyors at ground level outside the bulkheads took wheat back to the elevator for transport elsewhere. Wheat had been handled in jute bags from the start of the Victorian wheat industry in the mid nineteenth century. Bulk storage had been developed in North America from the early 1900s. NSW began building substantial concrete silos from 1920-21. In Western Australia, farmers' co-operatives, who had to supply their own bulk storage from 1934-5, pioneered the use of low-cost horizontal sheds of timber and corrugated iron for bulk storage. Following its establishment in 1935 the Victorian Grain Elevators Board (GEB) planned a network of 160 concrete silos in country locations, connected by rail to the shipping terminal at Geelong. By the outbreak of the Second World War there was a worldwide glut of wheat, and Australia soon had a massive surplus which it was unable to export. Only 48 silos had been established under the Victorian Silo Scheme so far, and wartime material and labour restrictions prevented progress with this scheme. The storage deficit had become an emergency by 1941 as Britain obtained its imports from North America, rather than over the lengthy and difficult shipping route from Australia. In 1941 the GEB, under chairman and general manager Harold Glowrey, proposed large temporary versions of the horizontal bulk storage sheds already in use in Western Australia. The proposal was approved by the Victorian Wheat and Woolgrowers Association, who considered the use of shed storages as a longer term proposition. After initial resistance from the Australian Wheat Board, some of whose members represented wheat bagging interests, the Commonwealth and Victorian governments agreed to split the costs, and Murtoa was chosen as a suitable site for the first emergency storage. The main contractor, Green Bros, commenced work on the No.1 Murtoa Shed in September 1941, deliveries of bulk wheat began in January 1942, and the store was full by June of the same year. In the following years the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later CSIRO) conducted valuable research and experiment on the impacts and control of insect pests at the Murtoa No.1 shed. With these discoveries, and the development of more effective pesticides, use of the No.1 shed and the larger No.2 shed, erected in 1942/43, continued for many years. The No.2 shed was demolished in 1975. By the 1990s, pest resistance to pesticides and requirements for both pest free and insecticide free grain rendered open storage of this type unviable. The No. 1 store was also becoming increasingly expensive to maintain, and its use was phased out from 1989.Image of the Marmalake/Murtoa Grain Store which is of historical, architectural, scientific (technical) and social significance to the State of VictoriaDigital colour image of the interior of the Marmaduke . Murtoa grain storage facility better known as the Stick Shed. The shed was constructed in World War Two to store grain. The supporting columns are trees.marmalake, murtoa grain store, wheat store, stick shed, murtoa

The Bethanga Bridge was built between 1927 and 1930 as a joint venture between Victoria and New South Wales and was a key element of the River Murray Waters Agreement. It consists of nine spans of 82 metres long. Each span is supported between double reinforced concrete pylons and a riveted steel camel back Pratt truss. The overall span of the bridge is a length of 752 metres. It was completed in 1929 at a cost of £194,000. The road deck was initially constructed from timber but was replaced in 1961 with a concrete waffle slab deck 7.7metres wide. In 1961 the bridge deck and truss structure were raised 300 millimetres to allow for the enlargement of the lake. The bridge was designed in NSW by road engineer Percy Alan and the trusses were built by the Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. was originally established by Charles Ruwolt as a foundry at Wangaratta in 1902 and transferred its operations to Richmond, Melbourne in 1914. By 1938 it had become one of the biggest engineering companies in Australia. After Charles Ruwolt’s death in 1946, Vickers Ltd. acquired the company and in 1948 the firm became known as Vickers Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. Because of the Bethanga Bridge’s unique location, over the waters of a dam with the border running down the centre of the body of water, the Bethanga Bridge is the only built structure shared by both Victoria and New South Wales. As the border of New South Wales aligns with the southern bank of the Murray River all of the other bridges along its length are deemed to be in New South Wales. The Bethanga Bridge is listed on both the New South Wales State Heritage Register and the Victorian Heritage Database. In 2015 the Bethanga Bridge was nominated for a heritage award by the Institution of Engineering Australia.These images are significant because they document the construction of a bridge which links Victoria and New South Wales and has been recognised for its historical, technical and engineering significance.A collection of photos documenting the construction of the Bethanga Bridge which links the States of Victoria and New South Wales as part of the construction of the Hume Dam .bethanga bridge, hume dam constuction, charles ruwolt, percy allan engineer

Artist Leonard French said of this work:- "The centre panel suggests a tree of knowledge growing out of a jewelled fish (a spiritual accompaniment is intended), and from the tree birds rise, spreading out through the cloud shapes of the other panels. Hands and figures rise from the earth, reaching for the birds. The left hand panel depicts the journey of figures in a boat, the seeking after or journeying to the source of knowledge. The far right hand panel is the garden, figures in a primitive state, a sort of evolution of figures from a primitive garden (the first garden). Visualization, verbalization, music and dance are tools we have to express a concept. The analysis of an art work is a delicate and sensitive task and great harm can be done in an attempt to become verbal about a form which relies upon elements peculiar to itself for intrinsic meaning." Leonard FRENCH (OBE) (08 October 1928 - 10 January 2017) Born Brunswick, Victoria Died Heathcote, Victoria Known for his enormous dalle de verre (concrete and slab glass) ceiling in the Great Hall of the National Gallery of Victoria Leonard French produced a large body of work throughout his lifetime. French won the Sulman Prize in 1960, and the Blake Prize for Religious Art in 1963 and in 1980. He was also awarded a Harkness Fellowship in 1965. In the Queen's Birthday Honours of June 1968 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. In early 1959 Leonard French was commissioned by the Ballarat Teachers' College students to paint a mural. The students were responsible for the payment of the work. When unveiled artist George Bush remarked: "the 1959 students have left something not just to 'oooh' and 'ah' at, but something that is thought provoking, arresting and interesting. This work of art keeps something in reserve and draws you to search for deeper meaning behind the splendour of colour. This mural is not one which will not fade the interest of its beholders, but one which will provide intrigue for generations to come." Originally French intended the mural to be five panels, each entitled (left to right) 'the Journey', 'Man', 'The Tree', 'The Earth', 'The Garden'. The finished mural was reduced to four panels with the central tree incorporated into the panels 'Earth' and 'Man'. Ballarat Teachers' College Art lecturer Arch Cuthbertson explained that the artist:- "Aims at evoking emotional flashed, opening doors to simultaneous thinking and feeling. To accomplish this he juxtaposes the threads of conscious and unconscious images, thus effecting a tapestry that allows many points of reference to converge upon his singular images. Whether the colours offer metaphysical sensations or convey a literal meaning will depend upon the breadth and depth of the viewer's experience. Similarly with the bird - we might well ask is it a defiance of gravity, a metaphysical ascension or the elusive winged knowledge? Again the answer could well be that these three associations have a singular purpose. " This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.A four panel mural by Leonard French, commissioned and gifted by the Ballarat Teachers' College Student in 1959. Art lecturer Arch Cuthbertson was highly involved in this commission. Artist Charles Bush unveiled the mural at the Ballarat Teachers' College in Gillies Street, Ballarat. At that time he said:- "You have left behind you on object which will be full of interest to a lot of people. A work of art, so long as it is in existence, is constantly under review. Most of the good things that keep on going are usually to the uninitiated a little worrying. Many of you will be worried by this, because it does not make its message immediately clear. But come back and assess it again and again." art, leonard french, french, artwork, mural, ballarat teachers' college, class of 1959

Set of 18 photographs of the completion of the sheds and commencing on the house extensions at Bungaree over the period 6/5/00 to 24/6/00. All taken by Carolyn Dean. 6/5/00 1. Cladding the second shed 2. ditto 3. ditto 4. House being repainted and wheels storage 7/5/00 5. Fittings doors to first shed - trail fit 6. House block 7. Roof sheeting to 2nd shed 8. The two sheds 11/6/00 9. The two sheds complete with doors and flashings 10. House with sheds in background (photo used in July 2000 Fares Please! and 1999-2000 Annual Report) 11. ditto 12. House extensions - old shed demolished 13. Modifying pipe work 14. ditto 15. Old foundations 16. Mini mix delivering concrete 17. New slab over old 18. and extending front step.All have date and "Photo by Carolyn Dean" on rear.bungaree, sheds, house extensions

ELTHAM HERITAGE TOUR The Society excursion on 24th May 1992 was arranged by David Bick, leader of the team carrying out the Shire's heritage study. David selected a number of sites or buildings identified in the study, some of them lesser known components of the Shire's heritage. The tour commenced at the Eltham Shire Office at 10.00 am. Travel was by private car and mini-bus with stops at about twelve locations for commentary by David.It included a short walk in Hurstbridge and lunch at Kinglake. Highlights of the tour included: - 10 am Leave from Shire Offices - 3 Important Trees - A Physical Link to Eltham's First Settlers - Toorak Mansion Gates - A Surviving Farm House - An Intact Circa 1900 Main Street - First Settlers - Gold Miners, and Timber-getters - An Early Hotel - A Pioneering Homestead - Changing Eltham Shire - 20th Century - 4 pm Afternoon Tea and Finish Tour Extract from ELTHAM CULTURAL HERITAGE TOUR (Newsletter No. 85, July 1992, by Bettina Woodburn) "In some respects Eltham is a 'back-water' and it has its own distinctive flavour. On the outskirts the homes date from the 1960's, 70's and 80s with a sprinkling of 'earth homes', mud-brick or pise, rammed dirt. Crossing Main Road into Beddoe Street and Thompson Crescent a very pleasant drive past pines and old fence lines, front lawns unfenced, the occasional ·old farm building, we eventually looked down on a huge circular roof of a 1992 adobe home. Other distinctive places included the Pauline Toner Butterfly Reserve, Gordon Ford's splendid garden at Fulling in Pitt Street, cypress hedges and old houses in Bridge Street and in every direction Eltham's special feature - a totally treed horizon. We were now in the part of the Shire closest to Melbourne - Montmorency - not on the way to anywhere, with no through road going across it, developed in the 1950's and 1960's with conventional gardens, now converted to native plants. The rail looped between Greensborough and Eltham and a shopping street (Were Street) served the area, growing up the hill from the station. It was a typical outer Melbourne suburb with lawns and roses with patches of originality. The shopping precinct still has 1950 characteristics - walls which sloped back, projecting roofs, the original shop fronts are nearly all tiled below the old windows. There's an air of past times about the School, the Dairy, the Butcher's (now a milk bar) and the Castlemaine stone face of the Commonwealth Bank. The final stop for the tour was at the mud-brick Woodburn residence, adobe of 1949 with additions. After War Service, Bill Woodburn had commenced an Architecture course at Melbourne University and after second year in the Christmas vacation, with his wife, Betti, built the two bedroom house - with amazing saving of costs. In the three and a half months they made over 3000 bricks (external walls 18" x 12" x 4", internal walls 12" x 9" x 4"), sifted top soil for mortar and laid them, on concrete foundations and slab floor, made all the structural window frames, door frames and roof members to carry 'super six' asbestos sheets, laboured for the electrician and plumber, did all the glazing and, still without electricity, moved in in March 1949. Rooms have been added, at first with glass walls, later using concrete blocks, to accommodate three daughters and a son. The house not only grew from the earth, but also with the family."Record of the Society's history and activities and highlighting various aspects of the Heritage Study undertaken by David Bick used to create the future heritage overlay for the Shire of Eltham and later Nillumbik Shire.Roll of 35mm colour negative film, 4 stripsKodak Gold 100 5095shire of eltham historical society, activities, heritage tour, woodburn house

Basalt is a common igneous rock that composes most of the Earth's surface and can be found on the Moon and other rocky planets of the Solar System. It is generally composed minerals such as calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene and iron ore which form grains that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. It can be dark grey or black in colouring and sometimes may contain holes left by gas bubbles. Most of the Earth's basalt was produced in environments such as oceanic divergent boundaries, oceanic hotspots, and mantle plumes and hotspots beneath continents. Basalt is commonly used in construction where it is crushed and used for multiple purposes such as concrete aggregate, road base, or railroad ballast. Thin slabs of basalt can also be cut and used for floor tiles, stone monuments, and building veneer. This particular specimen was excavated from Talbot in Victoria, which was a small gold mining town established in 1852. As basalt is a common rock, it is not specific to Talbot. However, this specimen can be assumed to be of the Cainozoic age due to previous geomorphic surveys of the area. This particular type of Basalt was used mainly for roads due to the durability of the rock.Basalt holds significance due to the continued use of the rock from historic until present times. The rock has been utilised for many types of construction and is still used for the same purposes today. Basalt also has significance to the Earth and other rocky planets of the Solar System as it makes up most of the planet's surface. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A smaller than hand sized rock specimen which is dark grey in colour with small holes and white deposits across its surface.Geological survey / [illegible] /burke museum, beechworth, geological specimen, geology, basalt, basalt specemin, indigo shire, talbot, cainozoic, igneous rock