Chlorate of Potash tablets were used to cure mouth ulcers. They were available without a prescription from chemist shops. They were small white tablets and were packed in small flat glass bottles.A small flat glass bottle which contained tablets. There is a metal screw top and an oval white label with navy blue printing.TABLETS / CHLORATE / OF POTASH / 5 Grschlorate of potash, m. j. dear - chemist, chemists, pharmacists, medicines, george evans collection

Early settlers had to daily maintain a fire in their kitchen hearth for cooking and heating purposes. Preservation of meat entailed curing by smoking in the kitchen hearth, hence domestic bellows were an important item of kitchen equipment. These domestic fire bellows were used to maintain the fire in the kitchen hearth for cooking,preserving and heating purposes by an early settler family in Moorabbin Shire.A small, domestic, fire bellows for maintaining a fire in the kitchen hearth for cooking and heating. brighton, moorabbin, cooking, pioneers, market gardeners, early settlers, kitchen equipment, bellows, meat, betleigh, fireplaces, farm equipment

Small paper boklet by J. C. Marconi titled 'Natures Problems Solved' Curing disease and regaining bodily strength by natural methods, without drugs or surgical operations. Promoting Goanna Salve & Oil. Manufactured solely by J. C. Marconi. White paper with black print & black & white illustrations. Robt. McGregor & Co. Printers Brisbane.J. C. Marconi, Bulimba, Brisbane, Qldmedical, malone collection, natures problems solved, j. c. marconi, robt. mcgregor & co

Black and white photograph of X1 460 (Russell St) at the Footscray Railway station with an X2 class car behind. Note the metal pan in the overhead to assist to set the trolley pole at night. In the background is a chemist? Franklin advertising a Corn Cure 1/- and Appleton & Wright Men's Wear Store. Photo possibly mid 1950's and by Bob Lilburn.On rear in ink "460 at Footscray Rly Station"trams, tramways, x1 class, footscray, russell st, overhead, tram 460, leeds st, x2 class, mmtb

The Children's Cottages at Kew were first opened in 1887 as the "Idiot Ward" of Kew Asylum. Located on the asylum's grounds, the children's cottages were established to provide separate accommodation for child inmates who had previously been housed with adult patients. Although the Cottages only admitted children as patients, many of those children remained in residence at the Cottages as adults. The function of the institution was to provide accommodation and educational instruction for intellectually disabled children. Some Wards of the State and other various "difficult" children were also admitted.Shortly after opening, the Idiot Ward began functioning separately from the Kew Lunatic Asylum, and became known as the Kew Idiot Asylum from 1887 until c.1929. From 1929 they have been known as the "Children's Cottages, Kew" or alternatively "Kew Cottages Training Centre". The institution was finally closed in July 2008. [Source: Wikipedia, 2016]One of a series of framed historical photographs of the Kew Cottages that once formed part of the collection of the Kew Cottages Historical Society, founded by Dr. Cliff Judge and Fran Van Brummelen in the 1980s. The set contains both copies of originals in other collections such as the Public Record Office Victoria and photographs taken by Dr Judge for his books on intellectual disability in Victoria. The significance of the set of framed photographs is that they provide a curated collection of images of the development of the Cottages over a one hundred year period.Framed photograph, forming part of the Kew Cottages collection, donated by the Kew Cottages Historical Society 1987-1993 in 1993. Dr. Judge was a consultant psychiatrist at the cottages for 14 years, as well as an author and vocal advocate for the intellectually disabled and their families."An old dormitory in the year 1973. It is still in use as a therapy room and store. Originally these buildings were called tents. Open air treatment was used to cure bad cases of insanity."kew cottages, dr cliff judge, kew cottages historical society 1987-1993

Oblong shaped sampler with the alphabet embroidered (both upper and lower case). Also numbers 1-12 embroidered. 'Life is uncertain death is sure, sin is the wound and Christ the cure'. is embroidered under the numbers with a longer verse below. 'Mary Barton finished this in the year of our Lord 1817 'is at the bottom of sampler. A vase of flowers is embroidered on each side of final sentence.domestic items, sewing, handcrafts, embroidery

This is a book of 136 pages. The cover has been bound with tape and shows a colour image of a female skier on a blue background on the front cover and an advertisement on the back cover. The pages contain articles and advertisements (printed text). The cover is a little damaged and the pages are dog-eared.non-fictionAspects of health and physical and mental well-beinghealth and well-being, warrnambool physical culture groups, physical culture 1924, physical culture magazine, physical culture publication

St Katherine's Church St Helena dates from 1858. The Church was built by Major Anthony Beale in memory of his wife Katherine Rose Beale. This photograph shows one of the stained glass windows, depicting a blind man being cured and dedicated with thanks from the MacLean family.Digital copy of colour photographst katherines church st helena, anthony beale, maclean family

Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Success: Robert Cousen had a thriving business in View street, Bendigo in the early 1900's. He was a pork butcher and made his own small goods and cured his own bacon and hams. In the photo, Robert Cousen is in the white coat standing in the doorway of his shop. His two carts are in the front of the shop. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

These labels come from the pharmacy business of R.F. Kennedy and Co. Richard Kennedy (1926-1903), a wholesale, retail and manufacturing chemist in Timor Street, came to Warrnambool in 1880 and established what was described in the ‘Cyclopedia of Victoria’ as ‘the largest and best-appointed pharmacy in Victoria’. Kennedy was Vice-President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria, on the Pharmacy Board and prominent in community affairs in Warrnambool. He was for some time President of the Mechanics’ Institute and the Warrnambool Hospital and a foundation member of the Warrnambool Bowls Club. He also made perfumes with many varieties named after people or events of the time – Federation, Nellie Melba etc. His pharmacy building in Timor Street and his house in Canterbury Road, Warrnambool (‘Ivanhoe’) still stand. The use of a lighthouse in his advertising is of particular interest because of the two operating lighthouses in Warrnambool.These labels are of considerable significance as the pharmacy business of R.F.Kennedy was a prominent one in Warrnambool because of the number of years it existed and because it was one of the largest and best equipped in Victoria, especially during the years at the end of the 19th century. .1 A sheet of white paper with black edging and red and black print. .2 A sheet of paper with a blue border, blue printing and the image of a lighthouse. .3 A sheet of paper with an ornamental border, black and white printing and the image of a lighthouse. .1 Poison - Dr. Stanes’ Leeming’s Essence or Liquid Blister for veterinary use .2 Kennedy’s Rheumatic Cure for Gout, Sciatica, Lumbago etc .3 Pure Glycerine from R.F.Kennedy & Co. Manufacturing Chemists Warrnambool r.f.kennedy, chemist, history of warrnambool

Also known as Dutch Oven, a camp oven is traditionally made from cured cast iron. Hung by a length of wire affixed to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed directly into the coals. The latter was more popular in Australia, and camp ovens were extensively used due to its versatility and ability to easily cook most types of food.3 legged round camp oven with lid and 2 side handles. Pitted with rust.camp oven, churchill island heritage farm, bush cooking

Also known as Dutch Oven, a camp oven is traditionally made from cured cast iron. Hung by a length of wire affixed to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed directly into the coals. The latter was more popular in Australia, and camp ovens were extensively used due to its versatility and ability to easily cook most types of food.oval shaped camp oven with swinging handle on body. Lid with D handle on top. Lip handle on one side of rim. Surface rust. Corrosion on edge of lid.CLARKE AND CO. With name there is a diamond cartouche with a tower and drawbridge and flag on top, "I" and "J" either side of tower. 4G under (four gallons)

Black and white photo: two storey building with central tower with round clockface. Pointed parapets each end of building and curved trim to upper balcony and lower entrance. Cenotaph centre front. Single storey brick building on right cured tops to windows. Two storey building on left and tram line and overhead wires visible. Verandah and balcony of building on front right. On back in pencil ' Eaglehawk Town Hall' 'Eaglehawk Town Hall ( 198 ) James Lerk 5.11.1999.? Leo Hughes, photographer ( Aylene Kirkwood 17.7.2000 )buildings, town hall

The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 in to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989.CD entitled "A Cure for All Ills: Medicine in Bendigo 7 Feb - 10th August 2014". The CD contains eleven recordings of nurses who trained in Bendigo relating their experiences. The Sound Tracks are: 8495.75a Diane 8495.75b Craig DeLacy 8495.75c Joan O'Shea 8495.75d Gladys Thompson 8495.75e Jenny Clutterbuck 8495.75f Liz 8495.75g Lysle Lindria 8495.75h Mavis 8495.75i Nancy Shaw 8495.75j Norma Holmberg Nursing in Elmore 8495.75k Peter Rosewallndsn, nursing, lister house

This is a printed invitation to the opening of an exhibition at the Art Gallery of Ballarat in June 2015. The exhibition was of the art works and calligraphy of James Meek. It was curated by Joan Luxemburg who is writing a book on James Meek’s life and work. James Meek was an important 19th century fisherman, fish curer, accountant, writer, gold explorer and calligrapher. His art works are prized for their historical content and their illustrations of the work of a calligrapher at its best. This card is important as it concerns the art works of James Meek. He was important in the history of Ballarat, Peterborough and Warrnambool in the 19th century. In the latter town he was a well-known punt operator, a gold explorer, a writer and lecturer and a fish company operator. Several of his important calligraphy works were produced in Warrnambool. This is a lightweight cardboard card printed on both sides with printed material, logos of sponsors and an image of a section of one of James Meek’s sketches. ‘The Inimitable Mr Meek’james meek, art gallery of ballarat, joan luxemburg

This bottle was used in the pharmacy business of H.O.Wilkinson. He had a chemist’s shop in Liebig Street, Warrnambool (number 119 Liebig Street today) early in the 20th century. The dates found for this business are from 1906 to 1914. Wilkinson also had pharmacies in Melbourne and Maryborough. His cough mixture, Wilkinson’s Pectorine, selling at two shillings and sixpence a bottle, was advertised as ‘the finest preparation for the cure of stubborn coughs and colds’. This bottle is of considerable interest as it is one of the few items in our collection associated with an early 20th century Warrnambool chemist, H.O.Wilkinson. This is a clear glass bottle with a rectangular body with curved edges, a circular-shaped neck and a moulded circular top. The stopper is made of cork. The name of the chemist is embossed on the front in an indent in the glassOn base: ‘M’ On front of bottle: ‘Z ( or 2) 3 X’ ‘Chemist, H.O.Wilkinson, Warrnambool’ wilkinson,, warrnambool chemist, history of warrnambool

This public notice of 1935 warns of the dangers of Infantile Paralysis. It advises scalding dairy products and reporting stock illness, even though the disease was viral (discovered by U.S. researchers in 1908), not bacterial. There was little chance of protecting children against contracting the disease as the Salk vaccine was not available until 1955, although medical research into the development of preventative serum was well advanced in the 1940's. Treatment of the disease was primitive and a cure not possible.Infantile paralysis was a fearful disease increasingly prevalent in the early 20th Century. Children under 3 were especially susceptible. It could be said to be forever associated with this part of the Western District as a result of the celebrated author, Alan Marshall (1902-1984) suffering its effects. He immortalised his childhood, which was profoundly affected by his paralysis, in the autobiograhical novel 'I can jump puddles'. Calico rectangle off white"Shire of Hampden. Recommendations by the Medical Officer of Health. During the last few weeks eighteen cases of INFANTILE PARALYSIS have occurred in this district. PARENTS are advised to seek Medical advice early in any case of sickness. It is not wise while this sickness is about to treat sick people by home remedies for a few days, for the mild fever-headache, &c., may be the early stage of INFANTILE PARALYSIS, and if a doctor is consulted then he has his best chance of protecting the patient from paralysis. All persons in the district are advised to scald all milk and cream used in the home, even that taken by adults. The people in the district may help solve the puzzle of where this disease comes from, by reporting at once to the Stock Inspector any sickness among the animals. SHIRE OFFICE, CAMPERDOWN, 22nd March, 1935. THOS.F.LITTLE, Secretary, Shire of Hampden." disease, infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis, shire of hampden, public health, childhood

W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) Ltd began manufacturing tobacco products in 1913 at its Raleigh Park factory in Kensington, Sydney. In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The 1950s were to be one of the most successful decades in the company’s history and it enjoyed a peak of 83 per cent market share in 1954. But this was also a period of increased competition as Phillip Morris and Rothmans entered the Australian tobacco market. By 1972, increased competition meant that the company’s market share had slipped to 39%. By the time tobacco advertising was banned on Australian radio and television in 1976, Wills' market share had fallen a further 6%. In 1985 Wills combined the separate factory operations in Sydney and in Melbourne into one site at Pagewood, Sydney which took on the name Virginia Park. In 1989 W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) became a subsidiary of the British American Tobacco Industries group of companies. 1999 British American Tobacco merged with global competitor Rothmans International. Rothmans in Australia and Wills merged to form the wholly-owned subsidiary British American Tobacco Australia. The merger left British American Tobacco Australia, Phillip Morris and Imperial Tobacco Australia Virginia Tobacco, or Flue-cured tobacco, is named after the US state where it was first cultivated. It is also called ‘bright tobacco’ because of the yellow to orange colour it achieves during curing. It grows particularly well in subtropical regions with light rainfall, such as Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas in the USA, Southern Brazil and Zimbabwe. In Australia, blends are predominantly Virginia, for example, Dunhill and Winfield. Virginia blends contain only flue-cured Virginia tobacco W.D & H.O. Wills Pty Ltd - In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Boundary Road, East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The plant was closed 1985 when the firm moved to Pagewood, Sydney New South WalesA circular tin with a lid that is opened by twisting a coin in the rim and closed by screwing the lid down. Instructions written on base of tin. Contained ‘Log Cabin’ tobacco.lid :LOG CABIN / FLAKED GOLD LEAF / TOBACCO / base ; LOG CABIN / SKRU SEAL / To open twist coin / to reseal screw lid / TOBACCOtobacco, cigarettes, smoking pipes, cigarette papers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, log cabin tobacco, w d & h o wills pty ltd , british american tobacco ltd, rothmans international ltd, east bentleigh

W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) Ltd began manufacturing tobacco products in 1913 at its Raleigh Park factory in Kensington, Sydney. In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The 1950s were to be one of the most successful decades in the company’s history and it enjoyed a peak of 83 per cent market share in 1954. But this was also a period of increased competition as Phillip Morris and Rothmans entered the Australian tobacco market. By 1972, increased competition meant that the company’s market share had slipped to 39%. By the time tobacco advertising was banned on Australian radio and television in 1976, Wills' market share had fallen a further 6%. In 1985 Wills combined the separate factory operations in Sydney and in Melbourne into one site at Pagewood, Sydney which took on the name Virginia Park. In 1989 W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) became a subsidiary of the British American Tobacco Industries group of companies. 1999 British American Tobacco merged with global competitor Rothmans International. Rothmans in Australia and Wills merged to form the wholly-owned subsidiary British American Tobacco Australia. The merger left British American Tobacco Australia, Phillip Morris and Imperial Tobacco Australia. Virginia Tobacco, or Flue-cured tobacco, is named after the US state where it was first cultivated. It is also called ‘bright tobacco’ because of the yellow to orange colour it achieves during curing. It grows particularly well in subtropical regions with light rainfall, such as Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas in the USA, Southern Brazil and Zimbabwe. In Australia, blends are predominantly Virginia, for example, Dunhill and Winfield. Virginia blends contain only flue-cured Virginia tobacco The W.D.&H.O.Wills Ltd manufacturing plant was situated in Boundary Road East Bentleigh 1945 – 85. Virginia Park is still a Commercial Business Area A tin with a hinged lid for 'Capstan' "Navy Cut tobacco Lid: CAPSTAN / NAVY CUT / W.D. & H.O. WILLS LTD inside lid - This tin of which only a / limited number will be / issued will be found convenient / for smokers as a vest / pocket container and can / easily be refilled with the / contents of the ordinary 1oz / packets of 'Capstan Tobacco'tobacco, cigarettes, cheltenham, moorabbin, early settlers, smoking pipes, cigarette papers, bentleigh, navy cut tobacco, w d & h o wills pty ltd , british american tobacco ltd, rothmans international ltd, east bentleigh, capstan tobacco

The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 in to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989. The book "The First of its Kind" was published in 2015. Printed in Bendigo by "Bendigo Modern Press". Memories compiled by Peter Rosewall; who attended the last NDSN school PTS 108 between 1986 - 89.Original newspaper article from Bendigo Advertiser 23 January 2014 titled " A closer look at the art of medicine". A photograph in the article shows School 64 1965 with one tutor nurse and six student nurses looking at a dummy patient in a hospital bed. The article was about an exhibition being held at the Post Office Gallery which was entitled " A cure for all ills: medicine in Bendigo" which opened on 7th February. This followed a brief history of medicine in Bendigo from the time of the Gold Rush. The Curator was Clare NeedhamThe newspaper article has the words Bendigo Advertiser written on it. memoir, nursing, ndsn, medicine in bendigo history

This is a small booklet containing details of the use and benefits of the VeeDee vibratory massager. It has a dark green cover, completely detached. The pages contain printed text, diagrams, black and white photographs and advertisements. The pages are stapled and some are loose.non-fictionInformation on the VeeDee vibratory massagerveedee vibratory massager, early 20th century medical aids

In the early 20th century there were many small machines and instruments developed to use as home cures. These included massage and vibratory instruments and those taking advantage of the growing use of electric currents in the treatment of nervous and mental health issues. This machine was used to produce a electric current to use on the human body to alleviate ailments that included nervous conditions, neuralgia, lumbago, back ache, muscle soreness and even toothache. Developments in allied health treatment saw the waning of the popularity of these kinds of medical aids by the mid 20th century.This machine is of great interest as an example of the items used by people in the late 19th and early 20th century as home cures for all sorts of ailments that afflicted people at the time.This is rectangular wooden box with a lid connected with metal hinges. The inside of the lid has a paper insert with printed material on it. The box has a metal mechanism inside and this includes a metal magnet, a pulley with a rubber belt and two round metal drums covered in dark blue felt. On the outside of the box is a metal handle that is connected to the mechanism inside. There is a metal closing catch on the outside of the box. There are also two wires on the outside of the box with one of these connected to the inside mechanism. The wires have hollow brass cylinders attached to the ends. The box is heavily stained and scuffed.‘Magneto Electric Machine for Nervous & Other Diseases’allied health in early 20th century, warrnambool, history of warrnambool

Johann Gottlieb Benjamin Siegert (1796 - 1870) was born at GroB-Walditz in Silesia, Germany. He studied medicine at the University of Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. The young doctor joined the 2nd Regiment of the Prussian army, one among the allies who fought against the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. He saw active service as army surgeon under the command of General von Blücher. . Dr. Siegert relied on the herbs and plants of the region for his cures. In 1824, he began to produce the bitters product which was originally used for medicinal purposes.A dark green bottle with a long neck which possibly had a waxed cork stopper.Around shoulder and on base - JGB Siegert & Sons. DRangostura siegert-jgb bottle bitters

This type of ration tin was issued during the latter part of the Second World War. These rations were issued to every soldier involved in operations and were only to be opened if no other source of food was available.An unopened olive drab Australian Military Forces (AMF) Emergency Ration Tin. There are instructions printed in black ink on the inside surface of the lid. This should read 'INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE / To be consumed as found. / 1. HOT CHOCOLATE (if preferred) / Break up chocolate block and dissolve in hot water. / 2. TEA TABLETS: / Use one per pannikin, adding boiling water and sugar if required. / 3. SALT TABLETS : / To reduce fatigue and cure muscle cramp, take either in water or as desired. Normally stamped in the inside of an opened ration tin would be date, such as '10-44' indicating that it was produced in October 1944. The outside of the tin has printed in black ink 'A.M.F. / EMERGENCY RATION / D (Government broad arrow) D / . The bottom surface of the ration tin has printed in black ink " To be consumed only when no other rations of any kind are procurable. Consumption of this ration must be reported at first opportunity. Instructions for use are printed under cover of container and also on paper slip within can". ration, emergency ration, world war 1 ration

The Roman Baths complex is a site of historical interest in the English city of Bath. The house is a well-preserved Roman site for public bathing. The Roman Baths themselves are below the modern street level. There are four main features: the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Roman Bath House and the Museum, holding finds from Roman Bath. The buildings above street level date from the 19th century. Three sepia postcards with a photographic impressions of the Roman Baths, Abbey, and Grand Pump Room, Bath. All postcards unwritten..3) Bath. Roman Baths and Abbey. Within the distance of a few yards are the Roman Baths, built about A. D. 55 ; the Abbey, erected in 1499 : the King's Bath of 17th and 18th century construction, and the modern Bathing establishment containing the latest scientific appliances for the administration of the radio-active waters for the cure and relief of many complaints.bath, roman baths, roman, archeaology

This bottle contains the medicine mixture for diseases of the liver and kidney that was patented by Dr Law of Boston. In the late 19th century Dr Law was a prolific and popular producer of patent medicines. The Warrnambool manufacturing chemist, Richard Kennedy, had the sole rights in Warrnambool to prepare and distribute Dr Law’s medicines. Richard Frank Kennedy (1826-1903) was born in England. He came to Warrnambool in the early 1880s and set up a pharmacy business in Timor Street. He was a retail, wholesale and manufacturing chemist. In 1891 he erected a new building and at that time his shop was described and one of the most elegant and best-stocked chemist’s shops in Victoria. Kennedy was active in Warrnambool community affairs and he was a foundation member of the Warrnambool Bowls Club, being its first Vice-President and an early President. His business continued after his death, trading as R.F.Kennedy and Co. This item is of considerable significance as it is the only example we have of a Dr Law patent medicine produced and distributed by the Warrnambool manufacturing chemist, Richard Kennedy. Both Dr Law and Richard Kennedy used an image of a lighthouse as a business symbol though the images are not identical. This is a glass bottle with a cork containing a chemist’s mixture for diseases of the kidney and liver. The bottle is enclosed in a brown paper cover which is lined with what looks to be the instructions for the use of the medicine. (The bottle is unable to be removed from the covering without major damage to the cover). The covering is brown with images of Dr Law and his lighthouse logo and printed material in brown and white colouring with the name of the product and its benefits. The top of the covering is torn and mended with adhesive tape. ‘Great Blood Purifier’ ‘Dr Law’s Great Cure for Diseases of the Liver and Kidney and all Impurities of the Blood’ Dr Law’s Liver Stimulant and Invaluable Remedy for indigestion, dyspepsia, sick headaches, loss of appetite, spasms, jaundice, constipation, sour stomach, heartburn’ ‘Waterbrasch, Liver, Stomach and Kidneys’ ‘Manufactured at Kennedy’s Pharmaceutical Works, Warrnambool, W.D.’ r.f.kennedy,, warrnambool chemist, dr law of boston, patent medicine producer, chemists in warrnambool, history of warrnambool

Seven (7) cardboard boxes for bottles of 'Dr. Marshall's Neuralgic Mixture'. One box constructed and the other 6 in flat form. Blue cardboard with black printed text.'DR. MARSHALL'S NEURALGIC MIXTURE For Safe, Speedy, and Certain Cure of Neuralgia, Tic-Doloreux, Faceache, Toothache, and Pains in the Head. AN UNFAILING REMEDY. DOSE. One small tablespoonful to to be taken in water every four hours until pain is relieved. PREPARED SOLELY BY HOOD & CO., (F.W.WHITE & S.BAIRD) Pharmaceutical Chemists 215 Elizabeth St., MELBOURNE.'

Charles Gabriel Pravaz (1791-1853) was a French orthopedic surgeon and inventor of the hypodermic syringe. In 1844, Irish physician Francis Rynd (1811-1861) invented the hollow needle. In 1853, French physician Charles Pravaz developed the first practical metal syringe. Pravaz added a fine, hollow needle to the end of his syringe instead of the tube. This was an important innovation. Yet in the pre-antiseptic era it was a mixed blessing. The use of injections rather than oral drug administration can more readily promote the spread of disease as well as facilitating its cure. An understanding of the germ theory of disease - and the cardinal importance of using sterile needles - awaited the discoveries of Lister, Pasteur and Koch. But intravenous injection allows extremely rapid pain-relief - and the induction of general anaesthesia when suitable agents were developed.Small ornate metal syringe with raised ridge at either end and in the middle. Tapers to a point at the distal end with pencil like extrusion. Finger ring at the proximal end.pravaz, intravenous, hyperdermic, subcutaneous, syringe, needle

Set of 10, 35mm Tecnodia white plastic mount slides by Colin Rough of trams in Collins St 30/4/2003. All in Yarra Trams livery unless noted otherwise. .1 - C 3004, route 109 Port Melbourne near Spencer St. .2 - C 3027, eastbound about to cross Spencer St to St Vincent's Hospital .3 - ditto .4 - C 3022 as for .1 .5 - C 3005, followed by an A class .6 - C 3035 at Swanston St intersection .7 - A 240 at Swanston St on route 112 in all over advertising for "Shave for a Cure" .8 - A 265 at Spencer St, route 109 .9 - C 3003 at Spencer St, route 109 .10 - C 3027 on Collins St extension bridge.On front written on a label "Yarra Trams, Collins St, Melbourne 30/4/2003" and the tram number.trams, tramways, a class, route 109, collins st, tram 3004, tram 3027, tram 3022, tram 3005, tram 3035, tram 240, tram 265, tram 3003, yarra trams, route 112, c class