A coping saw is a type of hand saw used to cut intricate external shapes and interior cutouts in woodworking or carpentry. It is widely used to cut mouldings to create coped rather than miter joints. It is occasionally used to create fretwork though it is not able to match a fretsaw in intricacy of cut, particularly in thin materials. Coping saw blades are always thicker and much coarser cutting than typical fretsaw blades. A coping saw consists of a thin, hardened steel blade, stretched between the ends of a square, c-shaped, springy-iron frame to which a handle is attached. The blade is easily removed from the frame so that the blade can be passed through a drilled hole in the middle of a piece of wood. The frame is then re-attached to the blade and the cut starts from the middle of the piece. Long cuts perpendicular to the edge of the material are possible but the shallow depth of the frame rather limits how far from the edge one may cut. The much deeper frame of the fretsaw is more useful for cutting well away from the edge but conversely cannot manage the thicker materials commonly cut by the coping saws. The coping saw blade is installed with the teeth pointing towards the handle. Unlike a hacksaw, which has the teeth pointed away from the handle, the coping saw cuts on the pull stroke. The coping saw blade is removable by partially unscrewing the handle. The blade is prevented from rotating by means of the short, steady bar provided where the blade is attached. Loosening the handle also allows the blade to be rotated relative to the frame as desired. Carefully aligning the finger steady bars at the top and bottom of the blade ensures that the thin blade is straight and not twisted along its length. Re-tightening the handle tensions the blade and locks it at the desired angle relative to the frame. The short steady bar nearest the handle is held securely between finger and thumb while the handle is tightened to ensure the blade remains at the desired angle. Unlike the fretsaw the coping saw blade has holding pins which lock securely into the angled slots of the rotatable blade holders. Gentle curves are achieved by slowly turning the whole frame by means of the handle while continuing to cut steadily. A coping saw with wooden handle but no bladetools, saws, steel , clamps, metalwork, woodwork, carpentry, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, fretsaw, coping saw, bowsaw, blacksmiths,

A hammer is a tool with a heavy head and a handle, often made of shock absorbent wood or fibreglass, that is used to strike an object. The most common use for hammers are to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal and break apart objects. Hammers vary in size, shape and structure, depending on their uses. Hammers are basic tools in many trades. A hammer is composed of a head, most often made of steel and handle also called a helve or haft. Most hammers are hand tools. A traditional hand-held hammer consists of a separate head and handle, fastened together by means of a special wedge made for the purpose, or by glue, or by both . This 2 piece design is often used to combine a dense metallic striking head with a non-metallic mechanical shock absorbing handle - to reduce user fatigue from repeated strikes. If wood is used for the handle, it is often ash or hickory, which are tough and long lasting materials that can dissipate shock waves from the hammer head. This upholsterer’s hammer has one end of the steel head rounded for knocking nails into wood furniture. The other end is divided to form a 2 pronged claw for withdrawing nails. . An upholsterer's hammer with a steel head and wooden handle, The steel head has one rounded end and a clawed endpioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, brighton, tools, craftsman, carpenters, cabinet makers, blacksmiths, builders, woodwork

The original small, pioneer cottage was built in the late 1840s to early1850s, by an unknown pioneer. It was located on part of a 30 Acre allotment that was originally part of Henry Dendy’s Special Survey granted in 1841. The doors and window sashes, (made of red deal joinery timber), as well as the brass locks and fittings, are from the original cottage, and were imported from England.The fire-place bricks are from the original cottage, and are sun-dried, (not kiln fired), and are hand-made. Convict marks can be seen on two bricks.There is a small display of external cladding shingles from the original pioneer cottage. These shingles were hand-split, and most likely made from locally collected timber The nails included in this display were used to fasten the shingles on the original cottage, and are also hand-made. The enamel nameplate, “Colonial”, on the wall of the cottage, was the name chosen for the original pioneer cottage when a later owner, Mr August Rietman and wife Frieda leased the property in around 1917. August purchased the property 1935 for 1200 Pounds approximately and resided there until 1953. In 1974 Mr Lewis, a timber specialist, found the dilapidated building on property he had recently purchased in Jasper Rd and suggested it be reconstructed and relocated. Moorabbin Council agreed and the Cottage was rebuilt just about 250 metres from its original site. The cost of the rebuild was met by 'Victoria's 150th Committee, plus a small grant from the City of Moorabbin, and Mr Laurie Lewis donated much of the timber for the reconstruction. Although 'Box Cottage' is a re-construction, it is an unique museum that, being located in the midst of a modern community in Ormond Victoria, can educate and demonstrate many aspects of the early settler’s way of life in Victoria. As such, it is an invaluable resource for students and all kinds of visitors. The original small, pioneer cottage was built in the late 1840s to1850s, by an unknown pioneer. It was located on part of a 30 Acre allotment that was originally part of Dendy’s Special Survey granted in 1841. The re-constructed pioneer cottage, named ‘Box Cottage’, is located only a matter of metres from the original pioneer cottage site, in Joyce Park, Jasper Road, Ormond, Victoria. The museum has copies of interesting Land Titles associated with the surrounding land, including the site of the original pioneer cottage, from Dendy’s time, and into the 1900s. ‘Box Cottage’ is named after the pioneers, William and Elizabeth Box, who resided in the original cottage from approximately 1865, until Elizabeth’s death in 1914.The re-constructed cottage plan has followed faithfully the original dimensions, and plan of the original pioneer cottage, and as many original items from that cottage’s long occupation have been incorporated. Convict marks on sun -dried, fire-place chimney bricks. Enamel nameplate 'Colonial' circa1915brighton, moorabbin, cottages, pioneers, ormond, colonial, mckinnon, dendy henry, box william, box elizabeth, convicts, rietman august, rietman frieda, rietman stefanie

This baby's dress is an example of the clothing made for their children by the families who had settled in the Moorabbin Shire in mid 19th CThe skill and craftsmanship shown in this baby's dress is an example of the clothing made by the pioneer settlers and market gardeners in Moorabbin Shire who had to be self reliant and made their own clothing and utensils.Home-made, infant's short, long-sleeved, cream silk dress. With inset machine-made lace panels and ribbon inserts on bodice and on the sleeve cuffs. Small buttons down the back. .clothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, crochet, bentleigh, early settlers, craftwork

This girl's white cotton sun-hat has been made at home by a mother determined to get the maximum usage from the garment. The hat has been simply made with a plain crown for the child's day-to-day use. However, the mother has also made a second, very decorative crown, that can be buttoned on and is suitable to be worn on more "dressy" occassions - such as attending Sunday School or on special outings.Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these familiesGirl's home-made plain white cotton sun-hat with wide brim. There have been three rows of fine cord sewn at intervals around the circumference of the hat brim to stiffen it. There is also hand crochet decorating the edge of the hat brim. A very decorative "second" hat crown has also been made. This hat crown has hand crocheted lace, and criss-cross seams, and is designed to be buttoned on over the original plain crown to provide a more decorative hat for special occasions, such as when attending Sunday School.clothing, moorabbin, ormond, bentleigh, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork

This stole was used for special occasions.As market gardeners and settlers in Moorabbin Shire became more prosperous their women were able to purchase fashionable items of clothing for special occasions.A long, cream silk stole with fringeclothing, brighton, moorabbin, s, pioneers, market gardener, dressmakers, early settlers, silk

A hook as a hand tool is used for securing and moving loads. It consists of a round wooden handle with a strong metal hook projecting at a right angle from the centre of the handle. The appliance is held in a closed fist with the hook projecting between two fingers. This type of hook is used in many different industries, and has many different names. It may be called a box hook, cargo hook, loading hook, or a docker's hook, and a baling hook, bale hook, or hay hook in the agricultural industry. Other variants exist, such as in forestry, for moving logs, and a type with a long shaft, used by city workers to remove manhole covers. A hay hook is slightly different in design in that the shaft is typically longer. It is used on farms to secure and move bales of hay, which are otherwise awkward to pick up manually. A small bale hook with a wooden handle and 2 curved steel hooks pioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, brighton, tools, craftsman, carpenters, , blacksmiths, builders, farmers, graziers, wool bales, hay bales,

Before drills and braces, T-shaped augers were used to poke holes into wood, while smaller gimlets were used to start them.. A significant advance on the auger was the brace, which was originally designed with a single, permanently fixed bit at its end. Hand drills were often called eggbeater drills for their similarity to that common kitchen tool using a crank to drive the drill into the wood A steel hand drill with hand crank and wooden handlespioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, brighton, tools, craftsman, carpenters, blacksmiths, builders, farmers, metalwork, woodwork, drills

The Keoghs took up Lot 7 in the Village Settlement in 1905. John Keogh was a big Irishman and cleared many of the giant trees on his Lot 7. They had little water for their crops so grew gooseberries and red currants rather than the more valuable strawberries. Mrs Keogh (nee Cleary) inherited money in 1906 and they built a new weatherboard house. The original bush hut remained as the kitchen. Son James (Jimmie) married Mary Walsh, a teacher at the local school. Jimmie built the small shop on the triangle of land cut off when the CRB road went through. Jimmie and his wife left the district when he joined Victoria Police. Jimmie came back to the area and finally sold the land of Lot 7 to Rimington's Nurseries. He moved his family to Kilsyth. In 1939 the shop was moved across the road to be used as an office by the road builders. It burned down that year.Black and white photograph of a man, woman and young male standing outside a wooden hut. There are crop remnants in the foreground and a wooden paling fence behind the hut. A label on the front reads A SETTLER'S HUT. Reverse of photograph has handwritten description by John Lundy-Clarke.Front: A SETTLER'S HUT Reverse: 1905 Keogh's hut on Falls Road then Main Road. This was later the kitchen of their extended home as described in the narrative "Mountain of Struggle". The figures are - Mrs Keogh. John Keogh settler. Son James Keogh.keogh, john keogh, james keogh, jimmie keogh, mary walsh, cleary, shop, store, gooseberries, rimington's nursery

Robert Ingram and his family were very early settlers in Bonang - possibly the first at Bonang House.This item is associated with the Ingram family early settlers in the Bonang district.A small black / white photograph of an elderly lady, wearing a dark dress, sitting against a wall. She is wearing a bonnet and has glasses.on back - Mr & Mrs Robt Ingram were the first settlers at Bonang at Bonang House.ingram-bonang

Captain William Bacchus was an early settler in the area now known as Bacchus Marsh. Bacchus died in 1849 aged 67. The town of Bacchus Marsh is named after him.Colour photograph in digital format of a grave in a grassy landscape. It is the headstone of early settler William Henry Bacchus in the grounds of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Bacchus Marsh. bacchus marsh, william bacchus, holy trinity, churchyard, cemetery

Sourced via conversations with those interested in Surrey Hills History. Including Alan Holt, Jack McLean, Frank Bamford, Jocelyn Hall. Includes: Topographical maps, first Elgar Survey. First Wesleyan Church in Surrey Hills. Bibliography on P.50 (last numbered page) Provides a chronological history of Surrey Hills. Includes: First settlers, location, early land sales, commerce and trade.Provides a chronological history of Surrey Hills. Includes: First settlers, location, early land sales, commerce and trade.Back of Title page: To the Surrey Hills Historical / Arthur E. Tonkinfreehold investment and banking company, windsor park estate, (mr) dennis delany, mont albert village, surrey hills - history, royal hotel, surrey hills, humberstone's hotel, chatham state school, holy trinity church, lydswood, lugano, (mr) john butler maling, (mr) john hanlon knipe, mont albert primary school, (mr) james sneddon, (mr) arthur tonkin

Sent from Mrs J Stanton to her granddaughter Olive StantonA Settler's Home in Gippsland"To Olive Stanton from Grandma"gippsland, olive stanton

This is a photograph of the home of Hamilton Reed who was an early settler at Goongerah. In 1868 Hamilton Reed and John Locke both of Bendoc secured a grazing area of 60,000 acres at Goongerah. About the year 1878 Hamilton Reed and C. W. Nicholson decided to, if possible, to go from Bendoc to Orbost via Goongerah, they accomplished the task in 4 days from Goongerah. (more info. Newsletter September 2004) Councillor Hamilton Rutherford Reed represented North Riding 1918 - 1936.This item is associated with Hamilton Reed an early settler of Goongerah who was a long -time member of Orbost Shire Council.A black / white photograph of a settler's wooden home surrounded by a garden. The house is made of upright slabs for the walls and has a stringy bark roof.reed-hamilton goongerah

This chemise is an example of the dressmaking and needlework skills of the women of the early settlers families in Moorabbin Shire in the early 20th C Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families This lady’s white cotton chemise has short sleeves, and drawstring waist . The neckline has cut work and needlework flowers and the cuffs have lace edging. is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the early settlers families in Moorabbin Shire in the early 20th C clothing, crochet, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, lacework, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, hunt ailsa, dairy farms, fruit orchards

Early settlers, the Bidstrup Family of Byrnesidetatura, byrneside, bidstrup, costume, children, female, male, buildings, historic

Early Settler George BostockEarly SettlerPortrait Black and white photograph of gentleman clean shaven with hair parted on right pioneer, settler, portrait, people, family, george bostock

Early Settler's Wife Annie Cox BostockEarly settler's wifePortrait of woman with long hair parted in the middle pioneer, settler, portrait, people, family, annie cox, bostock

The Miller Family's life on Phillip Island from 1868.Three identical typed sheets of biographical details of The Miller Family and their life on Phillip Island.Titled "The Miller Family - Early Settlers on Phillip Island"miller family, catherine walker (nee kitty miller), kitty miller bay phillip island, lynette carr

Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers.Information from 'German Pioneer Families in Australia' of early settlers.schramm's cottage, von schramm, max rev., orchardists, thiele, henry, lutheran church, athenaeum, john gottfried, anna may, hanke, louise ida, karoline bertha, ernst john, carl william, finger, karl hernrich, christian benjamin, charles henry, ernest f., caroline emma, august, dorothea, ferdinand, eric, neumann, johanne louise, johann, fankhauser, george, john, schramm, rachel, rhoda, joseph, ada, victor, schramm albert, walter, hubert