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Federation University Historical Collection
Domestic object - glass, Vegemite Glass
Around the 1960s Vegemite produced a jar with a metal lid that could be used as a drinking glass after all the Vegemite was eaten. Many families had a number of vegemite glasses used by children as drinking tumblers. Vergemite was invented by Ballarat School of Mines alumni Cyril Callister. A small glass with three lines glass the the rim. It is known as a vegemite glass. vegemite, glass, vegemite glass., cyril callister -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Household, Glass Dish
This glass dish would probably have been used at the dining table to hold salt, mustard or another condiment. Or it could have been used in an office to hold small pins etc. or it could have held a flower or flowers but it is a little shallow for this purpose. This item has no known local provenance but is retained for display purposes as an item more likely to have been used in past days. This is a small oval-shaped glass dish. The base is made of plain glass but the sides are patterned with plain glass interspersed with ridged glass. household items, history of warrnambool -
Heidelberg Golf Club
Memorabilia - Glass, Heidelberg Golf Club, HGC whiskey glass 1928-2003, 2003
Whiskey glass engraved with Heidelberg Golf Club (HGC) logo and 1928-2003, the 75th anniversary of the club Commemorative whiskey glass "HGC logo 1928-2003" commemorative glassware, heidelberg golf club, 75th year, glasses -
Heidelberg Golf Club
Memorabilia - Glass, Heidelberg Golf Club, HGC hi ball glass, 2000
Hi ball glass engraved with Heidelberg Golf Club (HGC) logo Commemorative hi ball glass with engraving "HGC logo"commemorative glassware, heidelberg golf club, glasses -
Federation University Art Collection
Artwork, other - Artwork - Glass Plate, Tony Hanning, [Glass Platter] by Tony Hanning, 1998
Tony HANNING (1950- ) Dr Tony Hanning is an internationally recognised glass artist whose work is represented in all major collections in Australia and many overseas collections including the V&A Museum in London and the Tacoma Art Museum in the USA. He pioneered the ‘cased’ glass technique that involves two layers of different coloured glass carved in a cameo-like fashion. The imagery in Tony Hanning's work often is representitive of the Gippsland landscape. He has a PhD from Monash Univversity (2008); Master of Arts from Monash University (1998); and a Diploma, Visual Arts, Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education, Monash University, Melbourne (1971). From 1971-1980 Tony Hanning was the Director of Latrobe Valley Arts centre (later Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell) Glass platetony hanning, glass, artwork, gippsland campus, churchill, alumni, staffmember -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Rolling Pin, Glass Rolling Pin, Circa 1900's
Glass rolling pin open one end possibly to put hot water in. Cork missing. -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Digital photographs, L.J. Gervasoni, stained glass window - St John of God, c2016
Bruce Hutton of Almond Glass Works designed the stained glass window and did the hand painting for the Chapel in St John of God, Ballarat. Almond Glassworks was responsible for the overall construction and installation of the window. The concept was developed with the then head of mission, Maureen Waddington. The window was installed on the 30th of October 2019. Almond Glassworks was founded by Bruce Hutton in 1994. He completed a Fine Arts Degree (Chisholm Institute of Technology) majoring in stained glass in 1988, he then went on to work in the industry both in Australia, England and South Africa. He completed a Postgraduate (Monash University) in 1996, focusing on the conservation and restoration techniques of stained glass. Stained Glass at the St John of God Hospital Chapel .ballarat, heritage, st john of god, hospital, stained glass -
Heidelberg Golf Club
Memorabilia - Glass, Heidelberg Golf Club, HGC whiskey glass, 2000c
Whiskey glass engraved with Heidelberg Golf Club (HGC) logo Commemorative whiskey glass with dimpled base and gold rim "HGC logo" commemorative glassware, heidelberg golf club, glasses -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bottle Milk, early 1900's
This glass milk bottle was manufactured and used mid to late 1900's (1834 Victorian dairy industry was founded) up to the time that a cheaper container was invented(plastic bottles and polyethylene plastic lined cardboard cartons) and produced. In 1909 the supply of pure bottled milk was required for babies to overcome infant mortality due to unhygienic milk sources (unclean containers and unpasteurized milk). Due to the volume of milk being processed and hand milking could not keep up with demand, dairy farms introduced milking machines in the late 1930's. The great increases in dairy herds from the average of 18 cows per heard in 1950's to 142 cows per herd in 1996 required milk tankers to pick up the regions milk supply. This bottle was so constructed to be easily moved within the milk processing plants from the delivery vats/holding tanks to the final corking/sealing of the bottles for eventual distribution. From 1958 the milk bottle slowly became phased out of production. At this point in time Melbourne was drawing 160,000 bottles per week from the two major glass bottle works companies, e.g. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co. Victoria was the major state supplier of cows milk in the history of Australian milk production from the early 1800's. The Kiewa Valley and its region was a major contributor to meet that demand. Each bottle was "branded" during manufacturing to show the contents (pasteurized milk) and where it originated from (region and supplier). This method of recycling the bottles back to specific dairy farms was a good control method but an uneconomical "on cost" which was replaced by the "throw away" less costly plastic and cardboard containers. Kiewa Valley dairy herds had marked bottles bearing "90/9", "6/18", "6/33", "6/35" and "6/36" This heavy gauged glass milk bottle has a rim and a distinctive head at the top. This head has been manufactured to facilitate the movement of the bottled along the milk production line. The method of pouring milk into the bottle has been part of the "production line". This bottle has a one pint capacity and is made from "clear" glass. There are other milk bottles that have a "green" tint in them.Around the bottom side of the bottle and blown into the glass "ONE PINT" and on the opposite side "MILK". Below these markings is "This BOTTLE BELONGS TO MILK BOTTLES RECOVERY LTD" below this "AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. On the base of the bottle is molded a big "M". An identification mark of "90" over "9" is beneath the "M". glass bottles, commercial milk containers, domestic milk bottles, pasteurized milk bottles, milk, dairy, farms, kiewa valley -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Glass hand blown, bottle with cork stopper, 20thC
Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Co Pty Ltd (1903 - 1915) Registered in Victoria in 1903 the company amalgamated with the Waterloo Glass Bottle Works Ltd in 1915 to form Australian Glass Manufacturers Company, Limited. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1872- 1915 The Melbourne Glass Bottle Works (former), comprising a complex of buildings constructed between 1880 and 1940, at Booker Street, Douglas Parade, 2-38 Hudson Road, Raleigh Street and Simcock Avenue, Spotswood. The former glassworks was established in 1890 and originally made bottles for pharmacists Felton Grimwade before it was sold to the State Government by US multinational, OI glass manufacturers A small clear glass bottle with a piece of the cork stopper* pharmacy, medicines, asthma, respiratory diseases, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, glass bottles, melbourne glass bottle works. felton grimwade, spotswood, -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Souvenir, Shot Glass
This glass is typical of massed produced souvenirs which were purchased mainly as a memento or small gift. It is doubtful it was produced locally. Small glass shot glass with small blue toned circular medallion surrounded with white metal rim. The image is of a whale's tail in the sea.Warrnambool in yellow text and Australia in white. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Stained Glass Office Door in the Ballarat School of Mines A Building, 04/11/2019
This stained glass was probably completed at the Ballarat School of Mines in the 1920s.Colour photograph of a stained glass door at the Ballarat School of Mines. ballarat school of mines, a building, adminstration building, stained glass, office -
Heidelberg Golf Club
Memorabilia - Glass, Heidelberg Golf Club, HGC whiskey glass 2000, 2000
Whiskey glass engraved with Heidelberg Golf Club (HGC) logo and 2000, issued to commemorate the new millennium. Commemorative whiskey glass with engraving front and backon front: "HGC logo"; on back "2000"commemorative glassware, heidelberg golf club, glasses, 2000 -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Stained Glass at the St John of God Hospital Chapel [detail], 2017, 2017
Bruce Hutton of Almond Glass Works designed the stained glass window and did the hand painting for the Chapel in St John of God, Ballarat. Almond Glassworks was responsible for the overall construction and installation of the window. The concept was developed with the then head of mission, Maureen Waddington. The window was installed on the 30th of October 2019. Almond Glassworks was founded by Bruce Hutton in 1994. He completed a Fine Arts Degree (Chisholm Institute of Technology) majoring in stained glass in 1988, he then went on to work in the industry both in Australia, England and South Africa. He completed a Postgraduate (Monash University) in 1996, focusing on the conservation and restoration techniques of stained glass. Detail of a nun in stained glass window at St John of God Hospital, Ballarat.stained glass, st john of god hospital, ballarat, nun -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Stained Glass at the St John of God Hospital Chapel [detail], 2017, 2017
The five stained glass windows were made by Rosemary Spencer. to the design of Bruce Hutton. The stained glass depicts the story of St John of God in Ballarat. Bruce Hutton of Almond Glass Works designed the stained glass window and did the hand painting for the Chapel in St John of God, Ballarat. Almond Glassworks was responsible for the overall construction and installation of the window. The concept was developed with the then head of mission, Maureen Waddington. The window was installed on the 30th of October 2019. Almond Glassworks was founded by Bruce Hutton in 1994. He completed a Fine Arts Degree (Chisholm Institute of Technology) majoring in stained glass in 1988, he then went on to work in the industry both in Australia, England and South Africa. He completed a Postgraduate (Monash University) in 1996, focusing on the conservation and restoration techniques of stained glass. Colour photograph of a detail of stained glass windows at the Chapel of the Visitation at St John of God Hospital, Ballarat.stained glass, st john of god hospital, ballarat, ship, immigration -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Mixed media - Audio Cassette, Talk - Water in the Eastern Suburbs, 12/04/2003
Cassette of a talk to the Society by David Elliott from Yarra Valley Water on the 'History of the Provision of Water in the Eastern Suburbs' on 12 April 2003.Cassette of a talk to the Society by David Elliott from Yarra Valley Water on the 'History of the Provision of Water in the Eastern Suburbs' on 12 April 2003.elliott, david, yarra valley water, water, nunawading & district historical society -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Memorabilia - Glass, Glass Melbourne Exhibition 1888 Mr Robb, Circa 1888
The Melbourne Exhibition was held as part of the centennial celebrations in Australia in 1888. This glass engraved with the purchaser’s name, was a souvenir of the occasion.The Melbourne Centennial Exhibition held in 1888 was a major event covering exhibits of most aspects of life. Large numbers of people attended, in this case a Mr Robb, Joseph Robb, grandfather of the donor.Small clear glass tumbler with etched leaf design .Melbourne Exhibition 1888 Mr Robbwarrnambool, melbourne centennial exhibition, 1888 centennial exhibition, joseph robb -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Ornaments, 2 clear glass swans, 20thC
These 2 clear glass swan ornaments were very common decorative items mid 20thC2 clear glass swansmoorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham, ormond, ornaments, glassware, homewares. -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Photograph, Rev. Geoff Glass, 1984
Glass was an Anglican clergyman resident in Lancefield where he taught motorcycle riding skills to others. The article was headed "I'd rather be teaching than burying." The article was a reprint from the Anglican "See".(1) Geoff Glass, head & shoulders, wearing motor cycle helmet; (2) Geoff Glass, cornering on his motocycle.C&N & person identification.glass, geoff, anglican vicar, motorcycle lessons -
Greensborough Historical Society
Glass, Lodge of Conveyance 100th Anniversary Meeting commemorative glass. 1859-1959, 1959_
Commemorative glass to celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the Lodge 1859-1959. Collected by Shirley Fraser (nee Black)This Lodge closed in 1976 ("returned its warrant") and this surviving glass is a memento of its centenary.Clear drinking glass. Barrell-shape with engraving front and back.On front: "100th Anniversary Meeting 1859-1959 Lodge Conveyance No. 700." On back: "Wor.Bro.N.A. Taylor"lodge, anniversary, glasses, shirley fraser -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Bottle, glass
'M' monogram on the base of the glass bottle was used by the Melbourne Glass Bottle Company during 1900-1912.Clear aqua tinted, oval in section, glass bottle with text embossed on side and base.'J BOSISTOW RICHMOND' on side. 'M' on base.eucalyptus oil -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Photograph - Colour, Stained Glass at the St John of God Hospital Chapel [detail], 2017, 2017
Bruce Hutton of Almond Glass Works designed the stained glass window and did the hand painting for the Chapel in St John of God, Ballarat. Almond Glassworks was responsible for the overall construction and installation of the window. The concept was developed with the then head of mission, Maureen Waddington. The window was installed on the 30th of October 2019. Almond Glassworks was founded by Bruce Hutton in 1994. He completed a Fine Arts Degree (Chisholm Institute of Technology) majoring in stained glass in 1988, he then went on to work in the industry both in Australia, England and South Africa. He completed a Postgraduate (Monash University) in 1996, focusing on the conservation and restoration techniques of stained glass. Stained glass panel of 'Weeping Bailey's' house, now part of St John Of God Hospitalstained glass, st john of god hospital, ballarat, bailey's mansion, weeping bailey, architecture -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Glass Bottles - Stephens Bros. Wodonga, c1950
Stephens Bros. of Wodonga were established c1938, having taken over the aerated water and drinks business previously operated by Messrs. E. Bartel and E. Clark. Bartel and Clark had purchased S. Mason Cordial Company from Samuel Mason Jr. in 1920. Samuel Mason Sr. began a bakery and aerated water company c1857. Stephens Brothers was operated by Lindsay, Donald and William Stephens. In 1947 they manufactured their own cement bricks to build a new factory in High Street, Wodonga. Over time they operated under various names including the Wodonga Cordial Company and Belvoir Wodonga Cordial Company. In 1938 their output of aerated waters was 100 dozen bottles a day but by 1948 that had doubled. In 1949 they also established a wood yard at their High Street premises to provide additional income during the slower winter months. In 1966 the company was purchased by the Tarax Ale Brewing Co. with Lindsay Stephens staying on as Company Manager.These artefacts has local significance as they are representative of a well-known Wodonga manufacturing business.2 bottles for beverages produced by Stephens Bros., Wodonga. One is a taller brown bottle bearing the label of Stephen Bros Old Style Hop Beer. The second clear glass bottle is smaller and has the brand name embossed into the bottle.Label on brown bottle : "STEPHENS BROS/ WODONGA :: PHONE 39 /OLD STYLE / HOP BEER/ PRESERVATIVE ADDED" Embossed on clear glass bottle : On side: STEPHENS BROS WODONGA Around base of clear bottle: "THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF STEPHENS BROS. WODONGA"stephens bros wodonga, wodonga cordial company, cordial companies wodonga, belvoir drinks wodonga, aerated drinks, hop beer -
Federation University Historical Collection
Object - Glass, Commemorative Glass for Nursing Students
Glass produced for graduates of the Nursing course at Ballarat College of Advanced Education, 1988Glass tumbler with gold etching around upper edge and gold emblem and writing on sideBallarat C.A.E. Diploma of Applied Science Nursing 1986-1988nursing, ballarat college of advanced education, glass, applied science -
Coal Creek Community Park & Museum
Bottle, glass, Post 1916 - c.1939
TROVE : Port Philip Gazette and Settler's Journal (Vic. : 1845 - 1850) Saturday 21 April 1849 p 3 Advertising 'On MONDAY, 23RD INSTANT, (WITHOUT RESERVE,) at 12 o'clock, AN INVOICE of Drawings, Prints, Crayons, Portraits, coloured Figures II M. Ships '"Vindictive," "Victory," "Pomona," ''Vanguard," " Carysfoot," " Magicienne," &c., coloured ; the Channel Fleet, Jenny Lind, and a large quantity of Engravings. Three hundred volumes Books, comprising Novels, History, Poetry, School Books, &c., &c., &c. A large quantity of assorted stationery consisting of boxes of India rubber bands, pens, show cases, fancy wafers, satin note paper. One cask Stephen's Fluid Ink, in pints and half-pints. Terms— Cash'. TROVE : The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Tuesday 27 March 1956 p 2 Advertising 'PUBLIC NOTICE TO BOTTLERS, BOTTLE DEALERS. Etc., RE PROPERTY BRANDED BOTTLES WHICH ARE NOT SOLD The undermentioned Firms and Companies,' carrying on businesses at Sydney and elsewhere, HEREBY GIVE NOTICE that all Bottles delivered by them to their customers having: a notification moulded thereon (including bottom) that they are, or remain the property of. the Firms and Companies mentioned below ARE NOT SOLD WITH THE CONTENTS THEREOF BUT REMAIN THE PROPERTY OF SUCH FIRMS AND COMPANIES. Such Bottles are loaned solely for the purpose of enabling the contents to be delivered to purchasers from the said Firms and 'Companies and to all subsequent purchasers of the contents. As soon as the Bottles are emptied of their contents they must not be refilled destroyed, damaged, or used again for any purpose, but must, on demand be delivered up to the Companies or Firms whose names are moulded thereon or to their Accredited Agents: BUTLER & NORMAN PTY. LTD., MANDIBLE STREET. ALEXANDRIA, N.S.W. The remuneration received by Collectors, Dealers, etc.,- is simply an allowance for the safe custody and collection of the Bottles LEGAL ACTION WILL BE TAKEN AGAINST ANY PERSON OR COMPANY VIOLATING THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THESE FIRMS OR COMPANIES' BRANDED BOTTLES. ABC Mop Co.......................Stephens Ink (Australia) Pty Ltd.......................'.Squat round clear glass ink bottle with embossed text on heel at base and monogram on base'PROPERTY OF STEPHENS INKS AUSTRALIA LTD' on heel of base. Austrralian Glass Manufacturers monogram on base with embossed illustration of a feather quill.ink bottle -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - Dressing bag, Mary Glass Dickson, Circa1885
John Glass Cramond 1829 and James Dickson 1831-1910 were founders of a large drapery store. Both were Scots and both came separately to Australia in 1852. Cramond initially came for gold but soon opened a store in St Kilda with a post Office attached and he was the first post master there. Dickson was a farmer’s son but became a draper and while he was unsuccessful on the Bendigo diggings and then returned to Melbourne where he met Cramond and soon after they opened a store on Lonsdale Street. They opened their business in Warrnambool in 1855 as a general store with groceries, drapery and ironmongery. Both partners were involved with the community and James Dickson was an original director of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill 1909 and the Warrnambool Cheese and butter factory. He also served on the committee of management of Warrnambool Base Hospital. This case was a wedding gift from James Dickson Jnr to his wife Mary Glass Cramond on the occasion of their wedding. This item has significance on a number of levels. It belonged to a member of one of Warrnambool’s earliest pioneering families and it marks the occasion when the two families of Cramond and Dickson were linked through the marriage of James Dickson jnr and Mary Glass Cramond. The firm played a significant part in the development of the city and traded for nearly 150 years. It therefore has social significance to Warrnambool. The item is well provenance with the case initialed and items within the case monogrammed. The case and its items are aesthetically quite beautiful as well as being typical of travelling or dressing cases of the more well to do, of the time. Mappin & Webb were manufacturers of some standing with the Mappin name appearing in manufacturing as early as 1775.The company has held a royal warrant as silversmiths since 1897 to the present day and as crown jeweler since 2012. Throughout this time, they have manufactured quality items for the luxury market. It provides an insight into the way ladies travelled and the items which they considered essential. This consists of a black leather with leather handle attached with brass fittings. Middle opening with side pocket on one side with metal catches. Inside has removable sections for holding the numerous containers and items belonging to the case. Interior of the case is dark blue satin. The items contained within the case are as follows: 321.1 Luggage case 321.2 Glass bottle rectangular, silver monogrammed lid, empty. 321.3 Tall round glass bottle, silver monogrammed lid, empty. 321.4 Small glass bottle with pink powder, silver monogrammed lid. 321.5 Small multi sided bottle with stopper and brass hinged lid. 321.6 Tall round bottle with silver monogrammed lid. 321.7 Tall thin multi sided bottle with brass lid. 321.8 Cream coloured monogrammed jar cotton wool inside. 321.9 Clothes brush rectangular cream back. 321.10.1Glove stretcher bone coloured .10.2 Case black leather. 321.11.1 hair comb cream with silver edge .11.2 Case black leather 321.12 Hair brush cream handle 321.13Spatula cream monogrammed 321.14 Mirror, silver round with handle. 321.15 Writing compendium .1 Case black leather .2 Pen with nib .3 Lead pencil .4 Navy satin covered blotting book 321.16 Inkwell glass bottle in small black leather case. 321.17 Match striker in leather case. 321.18 Mirror in black leather case rectangular 321.19 Small case for visiting cards. 321.20Sewing kit rectangular, contains threads and needles pkts x 3 321.21Container, small, hinged tortoise shell patterned. 321.22.1 Manicure set .2 Scissors small .3 Scissors large .4Corkscrew with Mother of pearl handle .5 Pocket knife with Mother of pearl handle .6Tweezers with Mother of pearl handle .7 File with Mother of pearl handle .8 Fine hook Mother of pearl handle .9 Bodkin .10 Bodkin 321.23 Hairbrush oval silver backed 321.24 Mirror silver handled hand mirror. 321.25 Hairbrush wooden handled with Mother of pearl inlay. 321.26 Cylinder, silver with removable lid and small phial of iodine labelled Felton’s pocket iodine. 321.27 Phial small glass with gold decorations. 321.28 Inhaler with insert 321.29 Thimble, metal. 321.30 Silver backed hair brush 321.31 silver backed clothes brushEngraved on side pocket: M.G.D. Mappin and Webb Sheffield and London. Some of the items are monogrammed as per the list above. A number of the glass bottles have lids hallmarked Mappin & Webb London and Sheffield makers stamped inside lid with hall marks history of warrnambool, cramond and dickson, mary glass cramond, dressing bag, woman's toiletry bag 1880 -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Water Meter, 2019
Vermont South residents are among the first in Melbourne to trial Yarra Valley Water's new digital meters.Vermont South residents are among the first in Melbourne to trial Yarra Valley Water's new digital meters. Designed to alert customers of water leaks.Vermont South residents are among the first in Melbourne to trial Yarra Valley Water's new digital meters. vermont south, water, yarra valley water -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Memento, Operation Iraqi Freedom Glass Tankard with handle
Historical remberance of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM.OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOMGlass Tankard "Operation Iraqi Freedom" with handle.On the front of the glass, it has a circular logo, outer ring has a combination of Flags of Nations involved in the conflict, the interior of the circle states OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM - TILLIL AS ALI LSA ADDER, the center of the circle is a map of Iraq and a flag of Iraq.glass, operation iraqi freedom -
Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Shire of Buninyong Warrenheip water supply general management
The Shire of Buninyong was later amalgamated into the City of Ballarat.Map shows the 1966 district boundaries of Ballarat and the layout of properties and water pipes in Warrenheip 1966.Gutteridge, Haskins & Davey Consulting Engineers Shire of Buninyong Warrenheip water supply general management September 1966buninyong, vincent, warrenheip, gutteridge, haskins & davey, water supply -
Buninyong & District Historical Society
Functional object - Glass jam jars with lid, Kerr's Buninyong glass jam jars with lid, c1890s, 1890s
Glass bottles and lid manufactured for Kerr's Jam Factory in Buninyong, 1890s. Damaged bottle was found on property that was the old David Kerr orchard.Significant example of 19th century jam jar, used by local Buninyong jam factory to bottle and sell locally made jam.Glass bottles manufactured for Kerr's Jam Factory, Buninyong, 19th centuryKerrs Jams Buninyongindustry, commerce, kerr family, buninyong, david kerr