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matching ww1 flags
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Wycheproof & District Historical Society Inc.
Wycheproof Honor Roll, Rifle Club, Circa 1919
In 2019 Wycheproof has a Rifle Club. This Historical item records locals of the Rifle Club back circa 1914 who served in WW1.Members of Wycheproof organisation - Rifle Club who served in WW1Wycheproof Honor Roll - Rifle Club made of varnished wood with two panels and a triangular pediment. Text in gold. U.K. and Australian coloured flags . Two crossed rifles in pediment section. Twenty names - four with Supreme Sacrifice markings. See Media section (photograph) for all names.rifle club. ww1. roll of honor. -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Flag, Australian National, Red Ensign
Originally owned by Lcpl James Gullan Dunstan No 1969 8 ALH Regiment of WW1, later VX17851, Capt, Australian War Graves Commission Standard, Australian red ensign -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Print - Reproduction, Holy Communion on the battlefield (original painting title: Preserve Thy Body and Soul), c.1915
The original artwork painted by William Yates Holt Titcomb (1858-1930), an English artist specialist in religious subjects, is located in Clifton College Chapel, Bristol, England (visible in their virtual tour online). The original title draws on the Giving of Communion words: The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for you, preserve your body and soul unto everlasting life. Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for you, and feed on him in your heart by faith with thanksgiving. The blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was shed for you, preserve your body and soul unto everlasting life. Drink this in remembrance that Christ's blood was shed for you, and be thankful. The body of Christ. The blood of Christ. The body of Christ keep you in eternal life. The blood of Christ keep you in eternal life. The body of Christ, broken for you. The blood of Christ, shed for you. The bread of heaven in Christ Jesus. The cup of life in Christ Jesus.FigurativeReproduction ( Lithograph?) framed mounted and glazed print. The image shows a group of soldiers kneeling before a makeshift altar during World War One in Flanders field with a Red Cross flying on a flag pole at the far right of the composition. A Union Jack flag is being used as an improvised altar cloth. A priest or chaplain in a surplice, also a soldier , administers the sacrament to the reverent congregation. The print is glazed with a substantial window mount and housed in a dark wood frame with eyelet screws and very rusted hanging wire.Preserve Thy Body + Soulpainting, world war one, ww1, wwi, soldier, priest, altar, union jack, red cross, red cross flag, titcomb, andre sleigh and anglo ltd, clifton college, royal academy exhibition, 1915, preserve thy body and soul, reproduction print, the soldiers' communion, william yates holt titcomb (1858-1930), artwork-paintings -
Montmorency–Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Craft - World War 1 Embroidered Banner, WW1 Victory to the Allies Banner, 1918-1919
Framed World War One embroidered banner. Multicoloured flags of the Allies and the words 'Victory for the Allies' are embroidered on a blue background, with a crown at the top, a lifebuoy in the centre and a floral sheaf at the bottom.Victory for the Alliesembroidery, world war one, 1918, 1919, world, war, one, banner, allies -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Photograph - Photograph, Sepia, Starting for Christmas picnic, 25 December 1913
The sailors, officers and Reverend Gurney Goldsmith (centre) were picked up from the Siddeley Street mission by two double deck motorbuses. On the buses is written: "Motor Tyre, The place for tyre, 400-3-5 Swanston Street, Melbourne - Red Cross Hospital - The Globe". The Mission flag and the Union Jack are brought with the men to the St John's College, St Kilda East. The photograph appears in the Annual Report 1913. In the Age we could read: "SAILORS' PICNIC. The seamen from ships in port, were hospitably entertained on Christmas day by friends of the Victoria Missions to Seamen. The day was spent at St. John's College, East St. Kilda, by invitation of the warden and Mrs. Hart. The sailors enjoyed the treat, and entered heartily into the sports held during the afternoon. The evening was spent at the institute on the Australian wharf when every sailor received a Christmas' present from 'the brig." The photograph was used in the "Jottings fro our log" quarterly publication of the Mission in 1916.Sepia photograph with a thin black frame depicting seamen gathering in front of the Central Institute, Siddeley Street, where buses are waiting for them to take them on an outing.Handwritten at the back in pencil: "168" / Starting for Christmas picnic Handwritten in blue ink: "8" Handwritten twice in blue ink: 1914? at the top and 1914 at the bottom.siddeley street institute, ww1, christmas, transport, rev gurney goldsmith, flag, red cross, the globe, union jack, motorbus, 1913, xmas -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Medals & Documents, Early 20th Century
Medals and Documents relating to Cecil Walker Madden - Served 1st AIF and 2nd AIF member of Department of Defence who served during WW1 and WW25 x Defence Medals Full Size, 5 x Defence Medals Miniatures, various medallions, 3 x Australian Military Forces Soldier's Pay Book's, 1 x Sons and Daughters of the AIF Certificate, The Australian Flag, a black and white photograph of Dvr C.W. Madden.Medals & Pay Books 1st AIF 5112 Dvr C W Madden Medals & Pay Books 2nd AIF V4574 C W Madden Sons & Daughters Certificate Mavis Maddenww2, medals and documents -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Greeting Cards from 1289 Sgt H C Rangecroft to his Mother Mrs C A Rangecroft, Early 20th Century
1289 Sgt Horace Rangecroft was serving overseas during WW1 with 38th Battalion, these cards were sent by him to his Mother.These are the original cards that were sent by 1289 Sgt Rangecroft to his Mother Mrs C A Rangecroft.One x embroidered greeting card, one post card, two by oblong cards - one Christmas 1917, onr New Year 1918. Cards are made from paper and cardboard and embroidery materials.Silk Card - to my dear Mother, Post Card dated 22 October 1918, cheerio for a pleasant Xmas, small card One King, One Flag, One Empire New Year 1918, small card Christmas 1917.greeting cards, ww1, sgt rangecroft, 38 battalion, 1289 h rangecroft, ww1, 38th battalion, greeting cards, -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Magazine - ANZAC Memorial Day, D W Paterson Co Pty Ltd, ANZAC Memorial Day, 1918
The magazine has been produced for ANZAC Memorial Day 25 April 1918, the pages are full of photographs of Australain Troops preparing for departure overseas and preparing for their service overseas. There are two pages 'Heroes of the Southern Cross' authored by A M David, Secretary Victorian Branch, RSL.This magazine is an original of those printed for ANZAC Memorial Day 25 April 1918. The magazine contains photographs of the period 1914-1918 and a dedication authored by the then Secretary of the RSL Victorian Branch, A M David.An oblong magazine, colour photograph on the front page with a soldier at a grave site and the Australian Flag on the left side, 6 paper pages the cover of the magazine has a grease proof paper cover.The magazine has been printed by D W Paterson Co Pty Ltd for the Victorian Branch of the RSL, J W Mc Kenzie, President, A M David Secretary.anzac memorial day, 1918, magazine, ww1, photographs -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Flag - King's Colour, 5th Battalion AIF, 1919 (estimated)
King's Colour - 5th Battalion AIF. Silk material. Design is of 'Great Union' flag as commissioned by the UK military (from the College of Arms) specifically for use on colours. The saltires of St Andrew and St Patrick are of the same width (4.5 inches) with a fimbriation added as in the original of the 1801 pattern Union Flag. The St George cross is 9 inches wide. All fimbriations are 1/2 inch. ww1, military, world war 1, silk, colours, heraldry, 5 battalion, 5bn, king s colours, sir ronald munro fergusson, 2 5 battalion, board, 3 military district, laid up, union flag, st george, st andrew, st patrick, college of arms -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Card - Christmas Card, 1915 (exact)
Service of Frank Phillips Prior to the commencement of World War I, Frank Phillips served in the Minyip Troop of the Light Horse militia. His civilian occupation was that of clerk. On 22 August 1914 he enlisted in C Squadron 4th Light Horse Regiment. The 4th Light Horse Regiment embarked on the troop ship “Wiltshire “ for training at Mena Camp, in Egypt. During May 1915 the Regiment was deployed to the Gallipoli campaign in a dismounted role. After seven months, the Gallipoli campaigned was abandoned and the troops withdrawn. On return to Egypt the 4th Light Horse Regiment divided with one component deployed to Palestine and the other to the Western Front. Frank went on to serve in Palestine. He was promoted to Sergeant while at Gallipoli and, in Palestine, was promoted to Captain, serving as Adjutant of the Regiment. He was granted furlough to return to Australia from 14 October 1916 to 12 March 1917. On 16 January 1918 he was Mentioned in Despatches Citation: At Hill 750 near Bir El Esani on 30-4-17 he led an attack on Hill 750 under heavy rifle fire capturing the position and 7 armed Bedouins. On 23-5-17 during reconnaissance, he led and attack on 790 under very heavy rifle and machine gun fire and captured the position, inflicting losses on the Turks. He has, at all times, set a fine example of courage to his men. 22 October: 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross Recommendation of Commanding Officer – For exceptional gallantry and devotion to duty on the 28th September 1918, during the crossing of the JORDAN near EL MIN, this officer (adjutant of the Regiment) personally reconnoitred for crossings under heavy M.G. fire and led the Regiment to the only available crossing, rendering invaluable assistance during the crossing. On 3oth September when the Regiment was advanced guard on to KAUKAB, this officer’s personal reconnaissance to confirm patrol reports was of the highest order and utmost value to his C.O. culminating in the capture of KAUKAB with a mounted attack and the The 4th/19th Prince of Wales’s Light Horse Regiment has a long and distinguished history that pre-dates Federation to colonial Victoria’s mounted troops. Our history parallels that of the nation, including its active participation in some of the most inspiring events in Australian Military History including the Defence of ANZAC and the charge at Beersheba. The Regiment is based on a linkage of the two post-World War II Victorian Army Reserve RAAC units - 4th/19th Prince of Wales’ Light Horse and 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles. From these units we derive our links with the six Light Horse Regiments of Victoria and Southern New South Wales (4th, 8th, 13th, 17th, 19th and 20th Light Horse Regiments.) The Regiment proudly bears the guidon of the 4th Light Horse, with the guidons of the remaining regiments being laid up in the crypt of the Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance. During World War I, the 4th Light Horse Regiment served with distinction on three fronts – Gallipoli, Palestine and the Western Front. Corporal, later Captain, Phillips was a member of the 4th Australian Light Horse Regiment. He created the post card while serving with the Regiment as a Corporal at Gallipoli. Post Card hand made and sent to familyFrom Cpl Frank Phillips, 4th Australian Light Horse Regiment. Entries in pencil Front: Addressed to Andrew Phillips (father) at Minyip, Victoria, Message: “A Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to all, Made while on my day out. Love Frank” Reverse Top Centre – 4 LH Badge Centre – cloth map of Australia stapled to card Bottom – Print of flag stapled to card, Irish green ensign, Union flag in canton, gold coloured Irish harp on fly. Notations: Broadmeadows, Wiltshire (Troop Ship), Shrapnel Gully, Suicide Gully, Courtney’s Post Mena, Mex, Heliopolis, Imbros, Gallipoli, Turkish soil underneath (flag), Australia on Turkey, Lone Pine, Leans Trench, Constantinople, All honour to our Irish comrades, To greet you 1915-16. From the shells, yells, and little Hells, of the Darda Dardenelles 0 – 0 May you enjoy your Xmas dinner as I hope to enjoy my Xmas billy in the trenches.ww1, gallipoli, 4th light horse, post card, frank phillips -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Framed Photo - Soldiers: Bert Roper and Stewart Hollonds
When Australia joined World War I men were encouraged to enlist to help Australia aid their 'mother country' Britain in the war against Germany. Many men volunteered often joining at the same time as their friends from the same district, all over Australia.Bert Roper and Stewart Hollonds came from families living in the Kiewa Valley. Details of their service records are kept in the KVHS collection.Thick wooden dark frame with decoration on each corner. Two separate portraits of Soldiers Bert in oval shape and Stewart in rectangular shape. At the centre of the bottom are two coloured small flags - the Union Jack and another.On the back, behind each man, their names are written: "Bert Roper" and "Stewart Hollonds"bert roper, stewart hollonds, ww1 soldier, portraits of wwi soldiers -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Certificate, Seventh War Loan. The Honor (sic) Flag, 14 Oct 1918
The Honor Flag consists of the Australian national Flag in the canton, a white field, with a blue Federal Star and three vertical blue bars in the fly. The flag has a red border. It was awarded to towns and districts that subscribed twice their quota of funds. Flags for individuals did not have the Federal Star nor the vertical bars. A yellow paper certificate that was presented to individuals who contributed to the Seventh War Loan. It has the title and the honour flag is depicted across the centre of the certificate, and a certification that the recipient had subscribed and the signature of W H Watt, Commonwealth Treasurer. This certificate was issued to Mr Hedley Harper and is dated 14 Oct 1918war loans, ww1 -
Warrnambool RSL Sub Branch
Flag - Red Cross Pennant WW1, Red Cross Pennant WW1-Gallipoli
... Warrnambool great-ocean-road Red Cross Pennant WW1-Gallipoli Flag Red ... -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
Flag
... /Banner Pre WW1 General Flag US Flag 45 Stars 1896 to 1918 (Large ...Flag US Flag 45 Stars 1896 to 1918 (Large)flag/banner, pre ww1, general -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
Flag
... /Banner WW1 Army Union Flag of Great Britain, No 3 Casualty ...Union Flag of Great Britain, No 3 Casualty Clearing Station.flag/banner, ww1, army -
Running Rabbits Military Museum operated by the Upwey Belgrave RSL Sub Branch
COULSON / DUNCAN
COULSON / DUNCAN - Documents, photos, cards, Union flag, Medic armbands.ww1, army -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - ACC LOCK COLLECTION: B&W PHOTO NO.165, 2ND BATTLE SQUADRON VICTORY MARCH, POSTCARD, 1914-1918
Postcard, WW1, B&W photo of the 2nd Battle Squadron, Victory March. Crowds lining both sides of a street. Men of the British Royal Navy led by officers marching with flag bearer at the front. Location not indicated but probably London.postcard, postcard, ww1, victory march, london, 2nd battle squadron -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, The Power of Humanity, 2014
100 years of information on Red Cross in Australia. This celebratory book focuses on past, present and future of Australian Red Cross.Hard cover, black red strip with title and Red Cross logo on front cover. Dust cover title and 100 years of Australian Red Cross 1914-2014. Photographs of WW1 soldiers and nurses and one of young people holding Red Cross flag. Back cover images from Australian Red Cross archives. -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Postcard
Silk postcard from France written by unknown WW1 soldier from Milawa addressed to Mrs G Kittle/Kettle c/- Post Office Milawa. WW1 service records reveal Charles James KETTLE 29741 was born in Milawa and enlisted on 15/4/1916 aged 39 years. He embarked on the 3/10/1916 and served in France prior to being diagnosed with a tumour and whilst being repatriated home died on 10/8/1917 and was buried at sea. Listed place of association was Wangaratta. Embroidered silk postcards were first made in 1900 for the Paris Exposition. The popularity of silk postcards peaked during the First World War 1914 - 1918.They were mostly embroidered by French women in their homes and then sent to the factories for cutting and mounting on cards. Many of the cards were illustrated with patriotic symbols, flags, slogans, or sentimental texts. During the First World War, many Allied officers and soldiers based in France sent silk embroidered postcards to their loved ones back homeRectangle cream cardboard postcard with embossed border containing coloured embroidered stitch work of a basket and in words “forget me not” on silk Handwritten inside - just a souvenir of your beloved France from one of the boys from Milawa addressed to Mrs G Kettle/Kittle Post Office Milawa via Wangaratta Victoria embroidered postcard, ww1, milawa -
Chiltern Athenaeum Trust
WW1 Greeting Postcard, 1917
WW1 Circa 1914-1918 Sent to Chiltern resident Mrs. Wm Fuge Cornishtown via Chiltern. WW1 The Great War 1914-1918Buff coloured WW1 Greeting Postcard "To My Dear Sister". Item has an internal card within an attached lace envelope. The card contained within has a number of commonwealth flags around the edges as a border and the card has the wording "Happy Birthday Greetings". Internal lace overlay is made of silk and has embroidery around the edges with small red roses and green stems and a larger embroided pansy flower in the middle of purple and yellow colours, with two small bordering elderflowers of light blue colouring. France October 14th 1917 Card reads as follows: Dear Ethel, your letter to hand 12th August and pleased to hear you are all well. Wishing you and all the compliments of the season I remain your loving brother Bert. Address annotated on the card : Mrs Wm Fuge Cornishtown Via Chiltern Victoria Australia. The wording on the bottom part of the silk envelope is in red embroidery and annotates the following " To my dear sister". ww1, the great war 1914-1918 -
Chiltern Athenaeum Trust
Teak memorabilia taken from HMS Ship "Iron Duke", Admiral Jellicoe's flag ship, circa 1916
HMS Iron Duke was a dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, the lead ship of her class, named in honour of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. She was built by Portsmouth Dockyard, and her keel laid in January 1912. Launched ten months later, she was commissioned into the Home Fleet in March 1914 as the fleet flagship. She was armed with a main battery of ten 13.5-inch (340 mm) guns and was capable of a top speed of 21.25 knots (39.36 km/h; 24.45 mph). Iron Duke served as the flagship of the Grand Fleet during the First World War, including at the Battle of Jutland. There, she inflicted significant damage on the German battleship SMS König early in the main fleet action. In January 1917, she was relieved as fleet flagship. After the war, Iron Duke operated in the Mediterranean as the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet. She participated in both the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in the Black Sea and the Greco-Turkish War. She also assisted in the evacuation of refugees from Smyrna. In 1926, she was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, where she served as a training ship.WW1 HMS Iron Duke in the Battle of Jutland 1916. a Piece of wood (teak) taken from the ship HMS Iron Duke Admiral Jellicoe's flag ship, in 1916 (Jutland). Brass plate attached to wood reads as follows: From the Teak of HMS Iron Duke Admiral Jellicoe's Flag Ship Jutland 1916. ww1 the great war 1914-1918, hms iron duke, british navy, battle of jutland -
Chiltern Athenaeum Trust
Campaign Ribbons for medals and awards WW1 : Military Cross, 1914 Star, French Croix de Guerre, 2 ANZAC Corps colours (The Joseph Nott Collection), Circa 1914 - 1919
Associated with WW1 campaign medals and bravery awards. Items from the Joseph Nott collection WW1 soldier. Joseph Nott was a Military Cross recipient. WW1 colored ribbons associated with campaign medals and bravery awards. The Joseph Nott collection (Chiltern and Rutherglen resident). Medal and Award ribbons associated with WW1 : 1 x bright green with thin red striping (French 1914-1918 Croix de Guerre), 1 x red, cream, white and blue stripes (the 1914 Star), 1 x red and white flag shape cloth patch (2 ANZAC Corps)), and 1 x cream, purple and cream striped ribbon (The Military Cross). The thin ribbon strand consists of cream, crimson and royal blue colored ribbons (Empire colors and the 1914 Star colors). 2 anzac corps colours (light horse unit), joseph nott colleciton ww1 soldier rutherglen and chiltern resident., military cross, croix de guerre and 1914 star ribbons ww1, ww1 medals and awards ribbons -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Soldiers’ Memorial in Main Street with Grampians in Background -- Coloured
Colour Photo Soldiers’ Memorial with Grampians in Background. The photograph was taken on Anzac Day in 1988. The three Australian flags were flying to commemorate the day. Colour Photograph of Soldiers WW1 Memorial with Grampians in the background. Photo has 3 Australian Flags flying, Australian Army, The National Flag and the State Flag. Also, the globe to the left next to a give way sign, with a fountain between the flags and a Caltex sign on the right.Stawell 1988 Anzac Day Australia.stawell ww1 ww2 -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Flag - Flag -Australian Red Ensign
Belonged to W. Hawkins who founded the Carry on Club in 1932 - a group of returned servicemen and businessmen of Melbourne. The Club was to help many WW1 veterans who were experiencing hard times after the economic collapse of 1929.Australian Red Ensign. Red cross on white cross on blue background on hoist side of flag, upper left corner. Main background colour - red.|Seven pointed white star on hoist side , lower left - Commonwealth star. Four smaller white stars - 7 points. One small star - 5 points.Stamped: Commwth - 2yd- Made in England. All woolflags, national -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub Branch
Artwork, other - Souvenir of Palestine, 1939-1945
Popular souvenirs during World War Two that were easy to fold and post home to Australia. Like the First World War Egyptian embroideries, they used cotton sateen in a range of bright colours (although sometimes velveteen was used instead) and bear the words 'Souvenir of Palestine', a year date, and sometimes a personal message, as well as images of specific mosques or landmarks, camels, goats and date palms. The Palestinian souvenirs were often seen displayed for sale outside houses in country villages.Colourful cotton sateen Souvenir of Palestine. Beige background with painted images, probably screen-printed, with machine embroidered outlines. Pink fringe. Objects depicted are two brown/yellow camels and one donkey with rider; two date palms with orange trunks and green leaves; the Union Jack and the Australian Flag; and the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces Rising Sun badge."Souvenir of Palestine" "Australian Commonwealth Military Forces"souvenir of palestine, rising sun badge, australian commonwealth military forces, embroidery, screen-printed, aif, ww1, world war 1, first world war -
Kyneton RSL Sub Branch
Embroidered cloth, c1916
This is an example of a typical souvenir bought home from the middle-east by Australian troops. These items were made by local women and sold as souvenirs to the allies. Tpr C L Worcester served in Egypt with 4th Light Horse 1916.Framed silk- cloth embroidered with flags and flowers.Embroidered onto fabric is: "To Mother with Love from Tpr C L Worcester" and 1916 , 4th Light Horseww1 souvenir, light horse -
Kyneton RSL Sub Branch
Remembrance Pocket Watch
The item is a replica of the style of watch that was fashionable at the time of the First World War.Pocket watch with chain attached to black leather case. The watch- face has Roman numerals , hour, minute and seconds hands. Not currently working. The watch and case are in a wooden hinged presentation case.Cover of watch face has a slouch hat motif, laurel wreath and words LEST WE FORGET. On face of watch is Australian flag and silhouette of digger with bugle. On lid of presentation case is embossed the words: Lest We Forget.ww1, replica watch -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Welcome Home Flags & Banner at the Stawell Fire Brigade after World War 1
... ) World War 1 stawell ww1 Welcome Home Flags & Banner ...Welcome Home Flags & Banner (Held at Stawell Fire Brigade) World War 1stawell ww1 -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, John Dimmick in Surrey Gardens for 1936 Empire Day celebrations, 1936
John McLaren Dimmick was the son of Cr William (Roy) Dimmick (1888-1947) and his wife, Myrtle Elvira (nee Monie - 1888-1976). He had brothers Samuel Guy McLaren Dimmick and Frank McLaren Dimmick.Black and white photo of a boy identified as John Dimmick with his prize-winning decorated bicycle on one of the curved paths in the Surrey Gardens. He is dressed in a shirt, tie and jumper. He is holding a bicycle which is liberally decorated and with flags on the handle-bars. A 1st prize certificate is attached to the handlebars. The WW1 war memorial can be seen in the background and also Dr Box's home, 'Montalto (demolished). SH763 on rear in pencil.empire day celebrations, surrey gardens, children, festivals and celebrations, john dimmick, john mclaren dimmick -
Bendigo Trades Hall Council & Literary Institute Inc.
Memorabilia - FMEA WW1 Honor Roll
... world war flags illustration commemeration WW1 Honor Roll ...WW1 Honor Roll for the Federated Mining Employees Association. Artist Berne Marcollo remember, world war one, first world war, flags, illustration, commemeration