Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

"Photographic view of ANZAC taken from an aeroplane, showing the trenhes and zig-zag approaches to them"photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

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The Old Colonists' Hall opened in 1887.View down Lydiard Street North from the verandah of the Old Colonists' Hall.ballarat old colonists' club, ballarat old colonists' hall, balcony, lydiard street

Drone footoge featuring the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc., retirement village at Charles Anderson Grove. The area to the left is being prepared for 18 additional cottages to be built. old colonists' association of ballarat, drone footage, ballarat, aerial, charles anderson grove, retirement village

Drone footage of Charles Anderson Grove Retirement Village off Gillies Street, Ballarat.charles anderson grove, old colonists' association, ballarat, drone footage, aerial, ballarat, retirement village

The Old Identities Association was the forerunner ofThe Old Colonists' Association. This particular medal was presented to R.W. Wright who arrived in Ballarat in August 1853. It was purchased by the Old Colonists' Association in 2014. Other known medals were presented to :- * Arthur Croft who arrived in 1852 (Museum of Victoria) * Isaac Croft who arrived in September 1851 (Gold Museum) * Ben Story (Ballarat Historical Society) * John Brokenshire (Private Collection)Ballarat Old Identities medal in a box. The medal shows a gold cradle and other mining tools, and was presented to members of the Old Indentities Association. To qualify as a member you had to have arrived in Ballarat between 1851 and 1854. "Mr Welch, jeweller, of Sturt street, has just manufactured 60 medals, for issue to the members of the Old Identities' Association of Ballarat. Each is suitably inscribed and ornamented. The medals will be on view to day in Mr Welch’s window. " (Ballarat Star, 11 October 1884)ballarat old colonists' association, ballarat old colonists' club, old colonists' association, ballarat, ballarat old identities, r.w. wright

White night was held on 03 October 2019 and an event was held at the hall for members. Colour photograph of a night view of the Old Colonists' Hall in Lydiard Street North, on White Night 2019old colonists' hall, white night ballarat, lydiard street north

This home was the first cottage built by the Old Colonists' Association, and was the gift of Mr and Mrs F.J. Williams. It was completed in 1925. From the minute books: "Mr and Mrs F.J. Williams, both natives of Ballarat, offered to build a cottage on the Association's ground at Perry Park [now known as Charles Anderson Grove] something after a style of the Hassell Homes. That offer was immediately followed by another from Mr S.W.J. Clark, a member of the Council. Both offers were promptly and gratefully accepted." One of the first objectives of the Association was "to provide the shelter of a hose for those Pioneers of the Goldfields whom the reverses of fortune have deprived of the means of procuring the comforts of life in their declining years." The first home at Charles Anderson Grove was built in 1925. Before that time the Association provided relief for needy pioneers. Relief included monthly monetary payments, loads of firewood, medical assistance and distribution of Christmas bosed of groceries to deserving pensioners, and in some cases payment of burial costs. ::a) The dominant purpose of the Association is to give public benevolent relief as a charity, but providing independent living accommodation in our Retirement Village for person in need who are over 65. ::b) To raise funds by membership subscription, commercial and residential rents, donations, gifts and voluntary work, for the purpose of providing direct relief of poverty, distress, misfortune or helplessness. ::c) To maintain the important heritage and ongoing viability of the Old Colonists' Association. (Revised Rules of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc., 2016) Mr and Mrs Fred John and Matilda Anne Williams of Melbourne made a generous donation to enable this cottage to be built. It was opened in their presence in 1925. Fred John Williams was the son of John Williams and Thomassina Whilley. Together with his brother Frank Williams, Fred Williams was the proprietor of J. Williams and Sons. The brothers took over the business when their father, John Williams, retired in January 1893. In 1918 Fred Williams left Ballarat for Melbourne, at which time he was described as someone who had ‘tried to benefit the whole of Ballarat’. He was highly involved with the Forward Ballarat Movement At the time of his death in February 1926 at Lorne F.J. Williams was a partner in the firm Williams Shoemen Pty. Ltd. By 2021 the cottage had numerous cracks and required work. These photographs are a record of the condition of the cottage at that time.Colour photograph of the exterior views of Williams Cottage at The Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc retirement village at 3 Charles Anderson Grove, Ballarat.old colonists' association, ballarat, ballarat old colonists' club, charles anderson grove, f.j. william, retirement village, williams cottage, fred john williams, matilda anne williams, fred williams, matilda williams

This home was the first cottage built by the Old Colonists' Association, and was the gift of Mr and Mrs F.J. Williams. It was completed in 1925. From the minute books: "Mr and Mrs F.J. Williams, both natives of Ballarat, offered to build a cottage on the Association's ground at Perry Park [now known as Charles Anderson Grove] something after a style of the Hassell Homes. That offer was immediately followed by another from Mr S.W.J. Clark, a member of the Council. Both offers were promptly and gratefully accepted." One of the first objectives of the Association was "to provide the shelter of a hose for those Pioneers of the Goldfields whom the reverses of fortune have deprived of the means of procuring the comforts of life in their declining years." The first home at Charles Anderson Grove was built in 1925. Before that time the Association provided relief for needy pioneers. Relief included monthly monetary payments, loads of firewood, medical assistance and distribution of Christmas bosed of groceries to deserving pensioners, and in some cases payment of burial costs. ::a) The dominant purpose of the Association is to give public benevolent relief as a charity, but providing independent living accommodation in our Retirement Village for person in need who are over 65. ::b) To raise funds by membership subscription, commercial and residential rents, donations, gifts and voluntary work, for the purpose of providing direct relief of poverty, distress, misfortune or helplessness. ::c) To maintain the important heritage and ongoing viability of the Old Colonists' Association. (Revised Rules of the Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc., 2016) Mr and Mrs Fred John and Matilda Anne Williams of Melbourne made a generous donation to enable this cottage to be built. It was opened in their presence in 1925. Fred John Williams was the son of John Williams and Thomassina Whilley. Together with his brother Frank Williams, Fred Williams was the proprietor of J. Williams and Sons. The brothers took over the business when their father, John Williams, retired in January 1893. In 1918 Fred Williams left Ballarat for Melbourne, at which time he was described as someone who had ‘tried to benefit the whole of Ballarat’. He was highly involved with the Forward Ballarat Movement At the time of his death in February 1926 at Lorne F.J. Williams was a partner in the firm Williams Shoemen Pty. Ltd. By 2021 the cottage had numerous cracks and required work. These photographs are a record of the condition of the cottage at that time.Colour photograph of the interior views of Williams Cottage at The Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc retirement village at 3 Charles Anderson Grove, Ballarat.old colonists' association, ballarat, ballarat old colonists' club, charles anderson grove, f.j. william, retirement village, williams cottage, fred john williams, matilda anne williams, fred williams, matilda williams

View down Lydiard Street North, looing south, from the verandah of the Old Colonists' Hall.ballarat old colonists' club, ballarat old colonists' hall, balcony, lydiard street

Bridge St looking West from Peel St. Has a bank on the corner and an tram in the distance. Card dates the view as early 1900's. Card reproduced for Sovereign Hill Gold Mining Township by Rose Stereograph Co. of Glen Waverley c2000. Divided back type with caption, production and the Rose Co. symbol on the rear. Illustration of the same image added 4-1-2024 - by WTP & Co.Yields information about the appearance of Bridge St following the introduction of electric trams in 1905 and has a strong association with the work of Sovereign Hill and Rose Stereograph Co.Postcard reproduction - part sepia coloured and hand coloured. Second copy printed coloured illustration on plain paper.trams, tramways, bridge st, ballarat, esco, rose postcards

Yields information about the appearance of Sturt St following the introduction of electric trams in 1905 and has a strong association with the work of Sovereign Hill and Rose Stereograph Co.Postcard reproduction - coloured - of an ESCo tram near the intersection of Armstrong St. and Sturt St. travelling west along the south side of Sturt Street with the Post Office and bank buildings on the corner of Sturt and Lydiard Sts in the view. Photo appears to be taken soon after opening of the electric trams, ESCo tram has destination board on the front dash of the tram. Card reproduced for Sovereign Hill Gold Mining Township by Rose Stereograph Co. of Glen Waverley c2000. Divided back type with caption, production and the Rose Co. symbol on the rear.trams, tramways, sturt st, ballarat, esco, rose postcards

Black and white photograph of Bendigo 2 leaving the Eaglehawk terminus on its way to Quarry Hill, late 1960's or early 1970's. In the view is the Town Hall Hotel - Melbourne bitter, J Best's milk bar and fruit shop advertising Cohn's Lemonade, Peters Ice cream, a Holden station wagon with Craven A Filter cigarettes, and Ashman's dry cleaning shop.trams, tramways, bendigo, high st, eaglehawk, tram 2

Black and White photograph of the Geelong scrubber at the depot, possibly during an AETA tour, c1955. .1 - tram outside the building on No. 2 road - good view of the truck. .2 - tram inside the building on No. 2 road. Both printed on a printed postcard heavy cardtrams, tramways, geelong, scrubber tram, geelong depot, scrubber

Set of 9 digital images taken by Adrian Ponton on 31 July 2021 - the delayed day (COVID 19) to celebrate the foundation of the BTPS. .1 - 40 on the depot fan .2 - 13 running in on the access track .3 - 40 and 13 on the depot fan with the new building in the background .4 - 40, 33 and 38 on the depot fan .5 - Tramcar signage re Fares and notices .6 - view looking out of the front of the tram 40 on the access track .7 - crossing 407 at Gardens Loop .8 - 40 at St Aidans .9 - dittotrams, tramways, btm, st aidans drive, gardens loop, celebrations, wendouree parade, access track, tram 40, tram 33, tram 18, tram 13, tram 407

Yields information about the last day of SEC Tramway operations in Ballarat and has a strong association with the archivist.Set of 7 - 35mm negatives, of the last day of operations in Ballarat on 19-9-1971 .1 - 34 and another bogie leave Skipton St loop .2 - At Urquhart St .3 - 39 outside Sebastopol Town Hall .4 - 42 crosses Albert St, note bus stop sign .5 - ditto with a "ancient" motor car in the view - the car is probably a lot younger than the tram. .6 - 37 leads 43, 34 and 40 in the City Loop at 5.40pm .7 - 42 on level crossing, Lydiard Sttrams, tramways, closure, skipton st, urquhart st, sebastopol, sebastopol town hall, city loop, sturt st, lydiard st, level crossing, tram 34 tram 39 tram 42 tram 37

Yields information about the operation of trams at night in Ballarat and the appearance of the City tram stop.Set of two Digital images of trams at the city terminus, by Jim Seletto, March 1971. 1 - Tram 32 - showing Mt Pleasant. Has a Wilkinson Sword Roof Adverts. In the background is the SEC office, illuminated and a sign for a shop with "Blast Off" .2 - Trams 31 and 32. Both photos have the short tram stop section pole in the view. trams, tramways, sturt st, city, sec street furniture, tram stops, sec showroom sturt st, tram 31, tram 32

Postcard - most likely a reproduction of the original as it does not have a postcard back - titled "Murray Views No. 44 Fountain, Charing Cross Bendigo Vic". Shows an ex Hawthorn Bogie tram possibly on its way to Quarry Hill. In the background are the Beehive building, A G. Treloar Watchmaker, Melba Frocks, R. White, Edments, Hartleys, Astor Radio, Homecrafts store, and Morley Johnson building.On the rear in ink "Bendigo Charing Cross and Victoria Fountain" and the Keith Kings stamp.trams, tramways, bendigo, charing cross, bogie trams

Set of 7 photographs taken during a tram tour using Birney's 30 and 28. Possibly 1971 or early 1972 prior to closure. 1 - High St Eaglehawk with Primary School hall behind. 2 - Tram 28 from another tram's window - note no driver. 3 - trams 28 and 30 in McCrae St with the Bendigo Technical College building in the background. 4 - Tour trams turning from Bernard St into View St with the Five Lions Hotel in the background with a Fosters Lager advertisement. This hotel has since been demolished. 5 - Tram 30 on the single-track extension at Eaglehawk. 6 - Tram 6 and another single trucker at Charing Cross - note the sag on the second tram - a spring possibly has failed. 7 - Tram 19 running out the depot lead into McCrae St with an SEC Cooking roof and a Briquettes dash canopy advertisements.Yields information about Bendigo tram tours prior to the closure of the SEC operated system.Black and White photographs on Ilford Paper - undated - set of 7trams, tramways, sec, bendigo, tram 28, tram 30, high st, eaglehawk, tram 6, mccrae st, view st, five lions hotel, tram 19, tours, birney tramcars

Yields information about the view of The Courier, Cr Roff and locals about the mooted closure of the tramway system.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with three newspaper cuttings, two letters to the Editor and The Courier, Ballarat editorial concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system September. 1962. 1 - Tram abolition from "Concerned" - 15/9/62 2 - Save the Trams - W. E. Roff, Save the Trams Committee - 18/9/62 3 - Editorial - "Like chess, the next tram move's up to someone - 17/9/62 - about the politics behind the move, car used, passenger numbers and notes Cr. Roff. closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec

Yields information about the view of The Courier, and locals about the mooted closure of the tramway system.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with 8 newspaper cuttings, concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system September. 1962. All from The Courier. 1 - "Trams and transport" - Editorial 2 - "Councils Share Tram Retention Problem" - discussions between the City and Sebastopol. Quotes Cr. Mills and Cr. Nicholson 3 - "Plans for TLC Conference" - discussions by Trades Hall in Mildura during Oct. 4 - Letter - Tram Battler - re pensioners and sermons 5 - Letter - Trammie - fare increases 6 - Letter - W. J. Parsons - re tram operations and church services 7 - Letter - Old Digger - Geelong services 8 - Letter - Retired teacher - safety and response to Old Digger. closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec, unions

Yields information about the view of The Courier, and locals about the mooted closure of the tramway system.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with 8 newspaper cuttings, concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system August and September. 1962. All from The Courier. 1 - "Our trams have historic and tourist value" - recent ARHS visit and San Francisco 2 - W. Parsons - travelling on rough trams compared to buses 3 - SAH - response to above letter - limited buses in Norman estate and church services 4 - Public Spirited - tram services in general 5 - W. Parsons - supporting buses 6 - Old Digger - response to above 7 - W. Parsons - ditto - getting off track! closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec

Yields information about the condition of the track at Sturt and Lydiard Sts following derailments of bogie trams and the ensuring correspondence and the views of The Courier., Yields information about the condition of the track at Sturt and Lydiard Sts following derailments of bogie trams and the ensuring correspondence and the views of The Courier.Set of four documents concerning the derailment of tram 35 on 26/6/1952 at the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard Sts. All documents have rounded corners. .1 - Memorandum on SEC paper, light green sheet, dated 18/7/1962 from the Engineer and Manager of the SEC to the Manager Ballarat Branch, regarding the Courier's reports and the Parliamentary report. .2 - Memorandum on a green sheet forwarding Press cuttings and the Work's Superintendent's report re the derailment. .3 - Handwritten report dated 4/7/1962 re the derailment, three sheets on ruled paper, cause of the derailment, works to repair, derailment of 36 at the same location on 3/7 (twice), trackwork issues, track repairs being undertaken and comments re The Courier's reporting. Signed by W. Linaker. May have been the draft pending typing. .4 - Plain sheet with three newspaper clippings - all 4/7/1962 a - "putting off evil day" - questioning the track maintenance as a precursor to closure. Supportive of the trams. b - "Off the Lines" - reporting on the derailment of tram 36 twice that day. c - "Two Tram Derailments" - photo of tram 36, side on view, derailed. trams, tramways, sec, trackwork, derailments, accidents

Yields information about the view of The Courier, and locals about the mooted closure of the tramway system and reporting on the proposal.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with 5 newspaper cuttings, concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system May 1962. All from The Courier. 1 - Report 3-5-62 re the Question in the House by Tom Evans - trams unsuitable and the SEC will see that there is an appropriate bus service. 2 - "Perpetuating an evil" - 3-5-62 - about primary industries and issues with the Common Market in Europe 3 - "Tram Deputation" - 9-5-62 - planned deputation to Premier Bolte to be delayed to after his return from OS 4 - "Save the Trams" - 12-5-62 - Wendouree Progress Association, re trams and favoured an inquiry 5 - "Look well ahead with car park plans" - 17-5-62 (spread over two separate items) - proposal to roof the Alfred Hall car parking site through a Lease, re SEC letting the tracks deteriorate, a bus terminal and car park development. closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec, car parking, alfred hall, buses, x class

Yields information about the view of The Courier, and locals about the mooted closure of the tramway system and reporting on the proposal, an AETA visit and lunch hour services.Foolscap sheet of plain paper, with rounded corners, with 7 newspaper cuttings, concerning the mooted closure of the Ballarat Tram system April and May 1962. All from The Courier, unless noted otherwise. 1 - "Tramway renewals would cost 2.5m" - 18-4-62 - quote from Leader in the Legislative Council the previous day, Mr. Chandler, to upgrade tracks and trams in both Ballarat and Bendigo. 2 - "Old Trams" - The Age - 13/4/62 - about the proposed replacement of trams and their services 3 - "Coming Events" - 19-4-62 - reporting on item 1, six month delay as the motion has not been tabled - use them or loose them attitude. 4 - "Their Hobby is Electric Traction" - 23-4-62 - about the visit of about 84 members of the AETA to Ballarat, visiting Ballarat and Bendigo, 2nd hand trams, met by Mr. Denmead 5 - "Tram Services" - letter 4-5-62 - trams not departing on time at Lunch hour and other issues 6 - "Tram Times" - 5-562 - by R. Courtney local Secretary of the Union, about the lunch hour services - delayed by inspectors to assist the public 7 - "Tram Times" - 8-5-62 - concerning the lunch hour one minute delay and has not be late back to work. closure, letter to the editor, editorial, sec, lunch hour, aeta