Brown Coal is typically found as rocks. During formation the Brown Coal starts as peats, which is an acidic brown deposit resembling soil, and over time when subjected to pressure and heat these peats form the Coal. Brown Coal is the lowest rank of coal as it has a low carbon (energy) content, and a high moisture content. This high moisture content makes Brown Coal unsuitable for overseas exports. This particular specimen was recovered from the Yallourn Mine in Latrobe Valley, Victoria as part of the geological survey of Victoria being carried out by Alfred Selwyn. Otherwise known as the 'Yallourn Power Station', the Yallourn Mine is Australia's second largest mine. Yallourn Mine was first built in 1920, and since then it has been providing over 1 billion tonnes of Brown Coal to Australia every year. The Yallourn Mine is responsible for 22% of Victoria's electricity and 8% of Australia's electricity. As of 2021 the mine employs around 500 people. Due to ongoing maintenance issues and Australia's move to cleaner energy, the Yallourn Mine intends to shut down permanently as of 2028. Soon after gold was discovered in 1851, Victoria’s Governor La Trobe wrote to the Colonial Office in London, urging ‘the propriety of selecting and appointing as Mineral Surveyor for this Colony a gentleman possessed of the requisite qualifications and acquaintance with geological science and phenomena’. Alfred Selwyn was appointed geological surveyor in Australia in 1852 which began the Geological Survey of Victoria. In 1853-69 the Geological Survey issued under Selwyn's direction sixty-one geological maps and numerous reports; they were of such high standard that a writer in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London bracketed the survey with that of the United States of America as the best in the world. During his years spent in Australia, Selwyn collected numerous significant geological specimens, examples of which are held in collections such as the Burke Museum.Brown coal is considered to be an essential rock to Australia's energy consumption. Although plentiful in sources, Brown Coal is not able to be exported overseas due to its high moisture content. As Australia moves towards cleaner energy, Brown Coal is going become less used. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand-sized sedimentary rock that is a dark shade of brown.13 / BROWN COAL / Showing Woody structure / Locality: Yallourn, Vic. | Label probably / correct but / can't find reference / no. 13 to match in / registers. / C Willman / 15/4/21burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, yallourn, yallourn mine, victoria, coal, brown coal, brown coal specimen, alfred selwyn, geological survey of victoria, geological survey, yallourn power station

Yields information about the Golden Square terminus, shops and roof advertisements on the tramcar.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of Bendigo 19 at the Quarry Hill terminus with the conductor attending to the trolley pole. No. 19 has roof advertisements for "You'll cook better Electrically" and "Jeffrey's Bread, a treat to eat" and the destination Nth Bendigo. In the background is Symons Diary, Milk Bar, a Peters Ice cream van and sign. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "19 Golden Square 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/214/29" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Golden Square 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, golden square, tram 19

Yields information about the Quarry Hill terminus and roof advertisements on the tramcar.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of Bendigo 18 at Quarry Hill terminus with the driver walking back to the tramcar. The tram has a White Horse Whiskey advertisement on the front dash panel, and two electric cooking roof advertisements. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "18 Quarry Hill 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/214/28" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Quarry Hill 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, quarry hill, tram 18

Book - green Rexene covers, 106 pages with title - "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board - Rules and Regulations". Six sections, sewn into covers, dated Nov. 1974. Provides rules for both tramway and motor bus operations, has index pages 3 to 28, rules for both systems and specific type of vehicle, ticket machines and ticket issuing. At rear is MMTB By-Law 11, dated 1956. Second copy added 15-6-2015 - from Ron Scholten donation of 11-4-2015 Full scan of document (difficult to do a proper scan) added 29/5/2019.In blue ink on front cover, "page 31", page 52 in black ink, reference to page 91 and on page 33, rule 20 has been partly high lighted in yellow.trams, tramways, mmtb, rules, regulations

Book - green Rexene covers, with title - "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board - Works Codes and Instructions". Six sections, sewn into covers, dated April 1961, signed by J. J. Fisher, Civil Engineer. 118 pages plus covers. Book numbered "46". Provides an list of contents, giving provisional codes or instructions for works, instructions, about the maintenance and repair of the track welding, safe working, watchmen, care of lamps, and plant. 2nd copy added 5/5/2019 from donation of Barry Brooks ex Bob Prentice Collection. Images revised - jpgs removed and pdf added.Inside front cover has a signature and date of 9/8/61 in ink and inside rear cover "not entered" in pencil. Could be a reference to a Court document - see Reg item 94.trams, tramways, mmtb, track, maintenance

Correspondence re Joseph McDuff (''Heraldic Painter'') from Hon Sec (BHS) to Mrs J Walker, Tas (1979). Reference to information re his death in Annals of Bendigo 1889. Reply is headed; ''re Murals, City Hall, Bendigo. (Council Chamber?)person, individual, joseph mcduff

Pittock collection: seven hand saws, range of saw teeth for timber finishes (fine to course teeth). Various states of repair, two with broken handles One fine bladed hand saw Items stored in Pittock coach builder's box, reference 13000.1.

Pittock collection tools - Capstan cigarette tin containing mixed timber drills and one punch. Capstan Navy Cut Cigarettes tin, W.D. & H. O. Wills (Australia) Ltd. Sydney. Items stored in Pittance Coach builder's box, reference 13000.1.

Black and white photograph of of Joyce Suto in bridesmaids dress of gold nylon with olive green sash, worn at wedding in Gloucestshire, England on 8th April 1947. Joyce Suto (nee Baker) second from left. (cross reference see NA2823.1-2 for dress)suto, joyce

Coloured photograph of Mitcham War Memorial, in Halliday Park, Mitcham Road, Mitcham. View from the north looking south. Part of descriptions of Blackburn & Mitcham War Memorials prepared by Ted Arrowsmith for inclusion in War Memorials of Australia database. See Reference ND4383.war memorials, halliday park, mitcham, arrowsmith, ted, war memorials in australia database

WWII historical significanceBlack and White photograph of Japanese and Australian troops from WWII. L to R, American born interpreter, O.C. Japanese Force - Capt. Koreda, Lt. Caren Reid. Lt. Caren Reid gives instructions reference searching his troops through the interpreter.12 Sept 1945. 0900 approx. 300 Japanese arrive in trucks.

Letter from the Bendigo Arts Alliance to CoGB Councillors 17 Feb 1998 re request for support for a Centre for community arts,its office and two full-time staff. Reference to the availability of the View Street site and Fortuna. Signed Sue Prain, Chair.

Bob (Herman) Hymans (a former member of the Royal Netherlands Navy) was born in Bloemendaal, Holland on 30th September 1922. During World War II he fought against the Japanese in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was imprisoned in Changi and on the Burma Railway. After gaining qualifications as a Ski Instructor, Bob arrived in Falls Creek in July 1950. Working as an Instructor and Supervisor at Bogong Lodge, Bob decided his future was in accommodation. He was successful in negotiating an indenture for land from the State Electricity Commission (SEC). It took Bob two years to build his Grand Coeur Chalet but, tragically, it was burned down in August 1961. Bob also built the first Chairlift in Australia. This was a single chairlift and the structure was built from wooden electricity poles. He was constantly full of new ideas and proposals for the village. Bob Hymans die on 7th July 2007. This Collection of documents and letters tells the story of Bob's endeavours to develop Falls Creek into the ski village it is today.This letter is significant because it documents developments made or endorsed by the Falls Creek Tourist Area Management Committee.A 4 page bulletin released by the Management Committee explaining changes to rental charges for the future. It also makes reference to the development of a masterplan for the Falls Creek Tourist Area. Acknowledgement of the loss of Grand Coeur Chalet is made and that Mr Hymans intends to rebuild on the same site.falls creek tourist area management committee, information bulletin

A reference guide of 32 pages plus cardboard covers. The volume has wire spiral binding. It includes a perpetual calendar. Other pages include tables, charts, dates, mathematical information and useful information for farmers including weights and measures and animal gestation periods.A ready reckoner including a wide range of information to facilitate everyday calculations prior to the widespread use of electrical calculators and devices. Published post 1945, the booklet also includes a chronology of World War 11 as well as a list of household antidotes in cases of poisoning.ready reckoner, calendars

Letter from E. Lawrence, Secretary of Court Victoria, dated June 22, 1877, in reference to Bro C Weyland's financial position with the Court. Written on the back is a copy of the money he was paying to Court Victoria. He had a balance of £2-5-0.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, mr c weyland, court king of the forest, court victoria, mrs weyland, kew lunatic asylum, e lawrence

Digital image of PCC 1041 at the Spencer St terminus, Oct. 1974. Has the Spencer St railway station and the Carlyons Hotel in the background. Tram showing Route 95, Exhibition with the front door open. Photo by Dick Jones - reference - 1041_BourkeSt-at-SpencerSt_DickJones_7410EK.32.169trams, tramways, pcc, route 95, spencer st, exhibition, tram 1041

Digital image of W2 380, at the intersection of High St and Mont Albert Road Kew, Kew Junction. Kew Post Office is in the background along with a Bank of NSW building. Tram showing route 42, City. Photo by Dick Jones - reference - 380_KewPO_DickJones_6609x34Pe.11trams, tramways, w2 class, kew junction, route 42, mont albert rd, high st, tram 380

Black and White photograph of a MMTB No. 9C truck used on W4 class trams. Reference Drawing R3662 One of a series of photographs done by the MMTB to illustrate the various types of bogies / trucks used by the MMTB. Possibly during the 1960's. Two copies held.trams, tramways, mmtb, bogies, trucks, preston workshops, w4 class

Black and White photograph of a MMTB No. 15 truck. with the chalk marking of "747-1" Reference Drawing R4033. One of a series of photographs done by the MMTB to illustrate the various types of bogies / trucks used by the MMTB. Possibly during the 1960's. Two copies held.trams, tramways, mmtb, bogies, trucks, preston workshops

The Northern District School of Nursing opened in 1950 in to address the issues around nurse recruitment, training and education that had previously been hospital based. The residential school was to provide theoretical and in-house education and practical training over three years. The students would also receive practical hands-on training in the wards of associated hospitals. The Northern District School of Nursing operated from Lister House, Rowan Street, Bendigo. It was the first independent school of nursing in Victoria and continued until it closed in 1989. The book "The First of its Kind" was published in 2015. Printed in Bendigo by "Bendigo Modern Press". Two handwritten pages of memories of attending NDSN compiled by Irene Tedkonis (nee Dankers); who started at Lister House in 1950 (no PTS referenced), and the letter referral by Betty Fraser for inclusion in the source material for the NDSN book "The First of its Kind" was published in 2015. all documents were regarding the compilation of the ndsnga inc. book "the first of its kind"

REFERENCE DOCUMENT.Soft cover book. Cover - cardboard, gray and light-yellow print on front, spine and back on black background. Illustrated front montage of three photographs. 210 pages - paper, v=cut, plain, white.books, history, vietnam war

Reference book. Fawn card cover Sketches of various scenes in brown. the title also in brown. Sketches by John Glover (Local Artist).R A Blachfordstawell

Black and white photgograph head and shoulder of young girl, dark hair, white clothing, dark on front of clothing could be a clasp or a small sprig as decoration. Writing on the front indicates that this item, from Stewards Eaglehawk. Reference: Bendigo Historic buildings, page 129, Mosaic reference 5227a. Photo of Steward residence, 26 Lethleby Road Eaglehawk 3556. Also included scans of two bottles. Top bottle is codd bottle and is embossed Stewards & Hunter, trade Pty Ltd, and greyhound. Lower bottle is embossed Steward Bros Albion Brewery, sticker with number 203 and selling agents name.photograph, portrait, steward

Aboriginal Place Names. List of Aboriginal place names, Appendix A: word list, Appendix B: present day names. Loose inside the front cover is a newspaper cutting, one one side is a short report on a new National Anthem, and on other are references to Murray Farm Primary School, Carlingford. Below that is a reference to Comenarra Parkway between South Turramurra and Thornleigh. This cutting is dated 12/02/74. Also inside front cover is pasted a cutting relatingto a place name titled 'Who'd Live At Stinking Tree'. This cutting was submitted to the Daily Telegraph by author A. W. Reed, Date unknown.A. W. Reedaboriginal, book, place names., place names and meanings.

Agfa plastic mount (blue base, white cover) of a photograph of No. 38, crossing Albert St, southbound, with Destination of Sebastopol. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. Photo taken 11/1970. Has the Anglican Trinity church in the background. One of a set of 20 slides made by the Association of Railway Enthusiast Provincial Tramways film strip. Reference Item 2560 details the ARE Film Strip and provide references to other slides. Slide rescanned at 3200 dpi 25-10-2020, jpg replaced, tiff file retained. This file was scanned in 2003 and may show colour changes."BAS 68" in pencil.tramways, trams, sebastopol, albert st, ophir st, tram 38

Reference to international exhibitions.Eight round cardboard boxes with lids, some with white paper black printed labels on lid and sides.On some lids 'IMPROVED GELATINE CAPSULES CONTAINING PURE YELLOW SANDAL WOOD DOSE TWO : THREE TIMES A DAY DR. FRANCAIS LEBEAUX RUE RIVOLI PARIS'. On the sides of some boxes are round white labels with printed black text. 'H & CO TRADEMARK HOOD & CO DISPENSING & PRACTICAL CHEMISTS MELBOURNE'. 'DUBLIN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION SECTION ii HOOD & CO'. 'ARTS & MANUFACTURERS'. 'ADELAIDE PRESENTED H R H THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH 1867 HOOD & CO'. 'INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AWARD FOR CHEMICALS & C PHILADELPHIA 1876'. international exhibition 1876