This sconce - wall mounted candle holder or light fixture is simple / basic without any decoration. It was able to swivel. It may have been used on either the interior o exterior walls of buildings. The light is usually, but not always, directed upwards and outwards, rather than down. The long bracket kept the candle a safe distance from the wall and ceiling.This sconce was used by a resident of the Kiewa Valley.Shiny metal rod with candle holder at one end and a small thin rod at the other for attaching to a device on a wall. The candle holder is surrounded by a metal shallow 'cup' with 11 oval holes enabling the wax to fall to the centre where there is a hollow globe and allowing the light to shine upwards.sconce, candle holder, wall mounted candle holder

This blacksmith's hammer was an integral tool used by cattle property "blacksmith's" for the maintenance of horse shoes and the manufacture/alterations and repair of any other metal item required by the property. Self sufficiency was the key element to the success of a cattle property especially in semi isolated rural areas(early Kiewa Valley) and the larger the property ie. stock holding the greater the need..This blacksmith's hammer would not only have been used on the cattle property of the pioneer family (the Ropers) in the earlier part of the 1900s but also up in the Bogong High Plains grazing region to maintain the constant refurbishment/maintenance of horse shoes and other metal items. Depending on each property's requirement for blacksmith's service, one from the larger property could have serviced all the valley's requirements.Large blacksmith's hammer has a handle of twisted iron encircling 19 cm. hammer head. It has a round striking end and a wedge shaped punch end.V.B. [in dots ]tools, horses, punch, blacksmiths

While a sailmaker’s palm is intended for rope work, hand sewing sails and marine canvas work, it can also be used for other extremely thick or heavy-duty sewing applications. You can use a sailmaker’s palm for hand sewing leather, webbing or any sewing assembly that’s thicker than your sewing machine can handle.A late nineteenth to early twenty century sewing palm heavy duty used for rope work, its a tool that is still in use today aboard sailing vessels and gives a snapshot into the sailors life aboard the old sailing ships of times past.Leather roping palm. Left hand- simular to a seaming palm, except for the much heavier indentations in the eye and thicker moulded leather guard to the thumb hole. Rd No 666761.Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

A collection of photographs, some not previously published, produced not in any kind of complete or historical sequence but as a pictorial journey into the past . Produced by members of the St.Arnaud Historical Society and with the help of those that loaned unseen old photographs. Compiled and researched by Jessie Cameron with compilation assistance and editing of the book by Ella Ebery. Published by the St.Arnaud Bi-centenial Committee First Edition 1988.This book has been provided for the citizens of St.Arnaud and district as well as the Australian public generally, as a tribute to past pioneers. The contents of this book will remain invaluable for untold years.Soft cover book St.Arnaud A Pictorial Journey. Compiled by Mrs Jessie Cameron and Mrs Ella Ebery. 88 pages Includes information and numerous black and white photographs relating to St.Arnaud .Published by St.Arnaud Bicentennial Committee.Printed by Creative Rural Printers 16-18 Napier St St.Arnaud 3478. First Edition 1988 Cover design : Napier Street St.Arnaud, 1925 by Leah Berry.book, photographs, st arnaud pictorial journey, jessie cameron, ella ebery, leah berry

J. Keenan is responding to Richard Walter Richards' request from the 29th November to obtain a 4-cylinder diesel engine for the purpose of assisting in the training of Motor Mechanics at the Ballarat School of Mines. Keenan states that the company regrets to inform Richards that they are unable to fulfil his request and cannot offer any other suggestions as to where to locate a suitable engine.A letter of correspondence from J. Keenan, General Manager of Ansett Transport Industries. (Division of Ansett Transport Industries Ltd.), 414 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria towards Mr. Richard Walter Richards, The Principal of the School of Mines & Industries, Ballarat, VIC. The letter is dated 9th December, 1949.Ansett Motors Ltd. Hamilton Post Office Box Handwritten A.142, and 13/12/49 in top left hand corner in pen, RMR in pencil. Signed J. Keenan.ansett, ansett motors,ansett transport industries, ansett travel service, ballarat school of mines, j. keenan, r.w. richards, dick richards,pioneer tours, ansett airways, ansett travel hotels, diesel engine, motor mechanic, hamilton

Slide of a Border Leicester sheep. The Border Leicester does well under almost any conditions and is a very popular breed. Slide printed by Audio Visual Education Centre, Education Department of Victoria. Formerly stored in presentation folder as part of "British Breeds of Sheep Set No. 448" series by the Audio Visual Education Centre, Education Department of Victoria.Slide of a Border Leicester sheep.BRITISH BREEDS OF SHEEP / Set No. 448 / No. 3 / Border Leicester VISUAL EDUCATION CENTRE / EDUCATION DEPT. OF VICTORIAborder leicester sheep, sheep, british, slide, sheep - british

This is a small commercially made tram model. Its design appears to be very loosely based on a Melbourne W Class tram design. The motorman’s cabin is realistic, but the body with its centre doorway does not look like any known tram designs. The wheels and their arrangement at the very ends of the tram are not realistic at all. No details of the maker, or where or when the model was made. Demonstrates making tramcar models for decorative purposesNickel plated steel model with operable wheels at either end. Two copies held.models, trams, tramcars

Man on the right is believed to be Mr Bowyer. A Mr Bowyer farmed land just east of Mont Albert Station around about the turn of the century - not known if there is any connection with that family. Car believed to be a 'T' Ford; driver and owner: Mr Bowyer; thought to have been taken in the early 1920s. We would like additional information or confirmation. A black and white copy of a photograph showing two men standing in front of a bus with a sign on its side identifying its destination as from Mont Albert, Balwyn and Deepdene to Melbourne. Both men are wearing suits and hats. Mr Bowes of Mont Albert(mr) bowyer, bovill family, transport, bus service, mont albert, deepdene, balwyn, t ford, (ms) ellena biggs

Typical of the mass produced small items manufactured in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century for domestic use along with clothes irons, boot scrapers and griddle irons, these beetle-style boot jacks were usually located in the vestibule near the door to wedge the booted foot into and pull, removing the boot before stepping into the house with any detritus on the boot.

On back of postcard 'Postage one penny without any communication with communication ordinary letters'|This is the before paired photograph used in the 150 year Lakes Entrance 1858-2008 display|The after paired photograph number is 01147.1|Also one 12 x 16 framed photograph used in room display.|Cooper based in Paynesville 1908-1909Sepia giant post card dirt road leading to the first North Arm bridge. Horse facing two bovines on bridge, mud flat with a small jetty, Club Hotel, sand dunes facing Bass Strait. Post and Rail fence on side of road. Shaggy dog in road. Dieback of melaleuca and reeds on mudflats. Lakes Entrance VictoriaCunninghame from the Cutting A.Cooper photo- right hand cornerroads and streets, bridges, fences, animals, room display

This flare pictured is one of three lighting or signal flares. These are pyrotechnic devices used at sea, mainly as a distress signal. However, they have other meanings when used for naval purposes, such as the executive order to start a particular manoeuvre. These are usually packaged as part of a distress pack containing all necessary rockets or flares for immediate use, in any emergency, by ships and off-shore yachts.This set of three flares is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Flare; mushroom coloured cylinder, metal base with wooden top joined to it. Base has removable cap with metal encased wooden fuse attached, which holds seven removeable pegs and rings. String threaded through top holes has a wooden peg attached. Top also has holes drilled on opposing sides through which the peg would fit. Inscriptions stamped in black on base, and impressed into cap. Stamped black: "I" Impressed into cap: ""I", "R↑L" (inside oval).flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, rocket crew, lifeboat men, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, maritime accidents, shipwreck victim, rocket equipment, marine technology, rescue boat, lifeboat, life saving rescue crew, lifesaving rescue crew, rocket rescue method, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, mortar, life jacket, rocket machine, rocket line, rocket set, schermuly, harbour board, government of victoria, harbour master, armband, l.s.r.c., lsrc, flare, light, safety equipment, distress signal, safety at sea, emergency signal, broad arrow, communication signal, vingage, pyrotechnic flare

Could this flag have flown at the 1956 Olympics on Lake Wendouree ??? Probably not because the current tricolour came into use in 1946. The flag would have been made during the reign of King Victor Emmanual III. If you are able to assist with any information on this flag, including why it would be held in a Ballarat collection, please email is via the link on the lower right . The State flag, and state and naval ensign. It is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and red, defaced with the arms of Savoy and crown. This was the first national flag after the unification of Italy. Proportion 2:3 Adopted 1861 (proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy) Relinquished 1946 (birth of the Italian Republic) The flag without the crown woul the the design adopted by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1848 The flag has been stitched in 5 places. Stamped in ink on edge 'November [1930] Torino" A note with the flag states: "Old Italian Flag - (Before independence in 1946) his flag was made in 1930 in Torino- Italy? This flag Shows the royal insignia displayed in the white area and was designed around the time of Napoleon (by him) in 1840s Red "Flags" book V D'Angri"flag, italy, italian flag, italian army flag, turin, torino, house of savoy, savoia, crown

Document outlining the change of ownership of a Quartz Claim, all machinery and buildings at Spring Hill near Creswick, Victoria. This ownership transfer was between Misters Ferguson and others to Misters Lamble and McCallum. Each person mentioned signed the document. All machinery and parts thereof are listed, plus any buildings, tools, blacksmith's shop and tools, ropes and paints/tar, etcLarge cream coloured thick paper, Hand written in black ink. Twenty-four seals Signatures of owners.james ferguson, edward david, thomas barnett, edward jones, james archibald, john phelan, william innis, james collins, dick collier, charles talbot, joseph stevens, x (his mark) william thomas, x (his mark) thomas walters, john powell, thomas collier, a bach, e milligan, thomas knowles, x (his mark) john edwards, x (his mark) david davies, john evans, william lamble, james mccallum, james faulkner, evan sloyd

This solid, late Victorian era piano is branded Renardi, which is a German name. In the late 19th century thousands of pianos were exported from Germany to Australia. Some, unfortunately, were amongst the cargo of shipwrecks. It seems that the Renardi pianos were not made by a Renardi company but made to order by any of a number of German piano manufacturer and branded for distribution by Australian music stores.This Renardi piano represents an era where musical gatherings were part of domestic entertainment. Pianos were ialso installed in clubs, public halls and hospitality businesses for song nights and concerts were encouraged for community unity.Piano, upright, walnut veneer with floral design on panels. Turned columns, hinged lid and two metal pedals. Branded Renardi, a German name, made c. 1900. "RENARDI"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, musical instrument, upright piano, german, renardi, victorian era, late 19th century, entertainment

Circa early 1900s. Flour was a staple ingredient of bread, as well as being used for general cooking. This 7lb bag of flour would have been purchased for domestic use by a housewife living in the Moorabbin district. Used bags were often made into shade blinds, underwear, sleepwear, aprons by the industrious early settlers who could not afford to waste any material.This flour bag is typical of the type that would have been found in every housewives' kitchen in the Moorabbin district. It recalls the fact that flour was being made in Melbourne. Unbleached, cotton bag., with faded black lettering. Bag held 7lbs of flour.A.F.BROCKOFFS / 7 LBS / coat of arms – spread eagle with flags - /Trade mark / SELF FLOURS/ RAISING/ FACTORIES / MELBOURNE / SYDNEY AND FREMANTLE flour, cooking, kitchen, moorabbin, housewife, housewives.

The Blacksmith could take this portable 'leg vice' and make repairs away from his forge.He could mend wheel bands, tools, farm equipment and also fine tune generic sized horseshoes on site. He would build a fire and secure his leg vice to a stable point thus allowing him to work on any heated metal as required. A Blacksmith was an essential person for the maintenance and making of farm and household equipment, and shoeing horses, in the pioneer settlements of Brighton, Moorabbin, Cheltenham c1900Blacksmith's 'leg' vice. Sturdy blacksmith leg, post (vice). 15cm jawsblacksmith, vise, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, market gardeners, forges, tools, early settlers, pioneers, ploughs, carts horse-drawn, anvils

Sitting on a prime piece of real estate, over time there have been discussions on the best use of the site. Whilst there is no longer any suggestion of selling the site, it's ongoing development is still being discussed. Serious consideration was given to selling the St. Kilda Rd property to developers and changing sites. No indication is given for the rejection of this proposal, possibly in Board minutes of the time. This provides an insight into the pressures in the 1970s to sell the current site. A black foolscrap folder containing typed minutes of meetings of the Investigation Committee which was set up to investigate proposals which had been suggested regarding a future land policy. The meetings were held between 1970 and 1973. On front label: "MINITUES -/INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE/P.I.P." handwritten deaf children australia, dca, victorian school for deaf children, vsdc, st. kilda rd, the bluestone building

Sign gives instructions to mill employees re: registration of their time cards. This sign was used at the Collins Bros Mill which was located on La Trobe Terrace - point 10 tells employees that they are not to enter the mill via any gate other than the one on La Trobe Terrace (NB: a small modern copy of this sign has been framed and is on display in Gallery 2).INSTRUCTIONS TO EMPLOYEES / RE / REGISTRATION OF TIME CARDS / [text follows]textile mills - staff textile mills - management, collins bros mill pty ltd, textile mills - staff, textile mills - management

Drafts of letters written by Patricia Boyd to Manning Clark, Zelman Cowen, Joe Burke, regarding contemplated biography of Robin Boyd (and list of names on the bottom. A third page is to Mr Kirk regarding Robin Boyd being chosen as one of the 200 Outstanding Australian's, and Patricia's not being invited to the award ceremony or having any knowledge of his receiving the award in advance.Handwritten, foolscap, 3 pages on lined paper.

Michael KITCHING (1940 - ) Born Hull, England Arrived Australia 1952 Without any formal art education, sculptor, painter, print maker and designer Mike Kitching emerged as one of the original voices of the 1960s art movement in Australia. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Metal and timber 3-dimensional wall artwork in grey and red.art, artwork, michael kitching, kitching, sculpture, wall art

The Ballarat School of Mines was established in 1870. The first enrolments took place in 1871 making this group of documents historically important.Paper documents relating to the advice being sought by the Sandhurst Mechanics' Institute from Ballarat School of Mines in relation to starting a School of Mines at Bendigo. .8) Correspondence to the Ballarat School of Mines from Joseph Phillips of the Sandhurst Mechanics' Institute and Free Library. The letter seeks advice on setting up a School of Mines in Bendigo. The correspondence was dated 01 January 1871, was signed by Joseph Phillips, and was answered on 04 January 1871. .14) Ballarat School of Mines Council Agenda, 20 January 1871. Signed by James Baker, secretary. .18) Letter from R.M. Serjeant to the Ballarat School of Mines dated 09 January 1871. .22) Letter from prospective student A. Ansaldi regarding starting at the Ballarat School of Mines. .24) Letter from prospective student James Hore regarding starting at the Ballarat School of Mines. .26) Memorandum during the Mechanics' Institute Sandhurst requesting information concerning teachers. Dated 25 April 1871. .27) Sandhurst Mechanics' Institute & Free Library requesting information from the Ballarat School of Mines in relation to numbers of pupils, number of paid staff, number of honorary staff, salary of head master and whether the school was a success. It is dated 19 April 1871 and is signed by Joseph Phillips. .35) My dear sir If it will suit youor convenience I take the liberty of appointing Friday the 2nd of June for my lecture on Geology at the School of Mines. You expressed a wish to assist me in any diagrams that it might be possible to obtain. In am very anxious to have a large map of the solar system. One that might be clearly seen from any part of the Hall. It will be of great importance to my lecture. [ ? ] diagrams I will find it necessary to prepare myself. I am most faithfully H. B. de la Poer Wall R.W. Newman Esqr Vice President PS as the whole of my lecture depends on the hearing the early part it might be well to put in the Advt at 8.00 punctually. In announcing my name it might be well to put ex-Fellow of the Royal Geological Society. Asking your pardon for these suggestions. Sebastopol June 14th 1871 Gentlemen, I am desirous of joining the classes of Surveying, drawing, &c in your valuable Institution.i am 16 years of age, and been through the 1st first book of Euclid, Decimals &c. Trusting to meet with your approbation. I am gentlemen, Yours obedietly A. Ansaldi To the Administrative Council School of Mines Ballarat Darling Streetl Ballarat July 1871 To the secretary of the School of Mines Ballarat. Sir, I called on Monday but you were not present but I saw Mr Phillips and he informed me that I might commence at once, and that my nomination &c might be going on in the mean time. If there be any objection to my joining the classroom Monday night, will you be good enough to let me know. Yours &c John Hore. Sandhurst April 25 1871 To The secretary School of Mines, Ballarat, Please let me know what subjects your paid instructor teachersl JP By Jas Philipsballarat school of mines, bendigo school of mines, sandhurst school of mines, sandhurst mechanics' institute, bendigo, sandhurst, joseph phillips, phillips, hore, john hore, james phillips, ansaldi, ballarat school of mines establishment, robert borugh smyth, robert m. sergeant, james baker, de la poer wall, warrington rogers, h.b. de la poer wall, r.w. newman, lecture, royal geological society, a. ansaldi, mechanics' institute sandhurst, r.m. sergeant

This operating and parts information sheet was supplied to consumers to help users of this kerosene iron, not only understand the operation of this self lighting iron, but also to be able to order any replacement parts that may be required for this high level usage appliance. At this period in time(1950's), this item was at the leading edge of ironing technology. During the earlier 1900's and before "the throw away" culture evolved(circa 1950's), reliability and long term application of domestic appliances was a necessity above all costs, especially in isolated rural areas. The construction of these appliances was geared to a longer service life and not to a cheaper two to three year life warranty. With levels of world wide technology at an ever increasing pace, long term reliability of any appliance was no longer sought after. Appliance upgrades and new improved model accessibility especially in rural areas has changed rural consumer's buying patterns. Although the concept of instructional and parts/warranty information booklets has not become obsolete, the ability to access information via electronic means has vastly improved the ability to obtain qualified technical help through local avenues. This access was not available in the time period(circa 1950), when the appliance covered by this document was issued. The rate of development within the home appliance field has mushroomed during the time period post 1950. The costs and the increased levels of product choices and consumer awareness has provided rural areas (once isolated e.g. Kiewa Valley) with a greater ability to satisfy their needs because of a greater diverse range of domestic appliances offered.This discoloured, sepia paper has black print and is folded into three equal pages. The information contained covers operational and part numbers for the kerosene fired hand held iron. there are kerosene stains on the last page and these have soaked through onto the second page. The form no.-3-3C- McACO.-4363Printed in U.S.A.instructions, household appliances, ironing, domestic ironing

HAZMAT training at the back of the fire station in Ely St. 00007.1 - 1 person is in a decontamination tub (a tub to prevent any run off) wearing a gas suit (a fully enclosed suit), being rinsed off by a person using a fire hose and wearing a splash suit (a two piece suit that is open to the enviroment - but will prevent any direct splashing). There is also a person wearing a breathing apparatus (BA) in the background. 00007.2 - showing 2 people after training in gas suits sitting on the concrete with blankets around them. 00007.3 shows 1 person, after gas suit training been comforted by a person in a B.A, 1 in splashsuit tidying up the used gas suit. 00007.4 person removing gas suit with assistance of a person in a splash suit. the person at the rear in BA is about to pick up the blanket to wrap around the person who has been in the gas suit.5 black & white photographs showing HAZMAT (Hazardous materials) training at the fire station in Ely Street.00007.1 - '80%',ely st, hazmat, training

Robin Boyd’s desk cupboard contained two exercise books (D482.1-D482.2) and assorted articles, essays and other material regarding Sydney Opera House (P1378.01-P1378.36, D179-D181, D479-D480), inserted inside the front cover of Walkabout Magazine July 1966 (P1377). Robin Boyd asked Mandie Eckersley (nee Boyd), his eldest daughter, to research the Sydney Opera House for him in the Mitchell Library, both before and after Utzon left. Robin was writing a book, but was very disillusioned with the way the entire saga unfolded. Mandie Boyd recalls: “It was a huge task because he wanted any mention at all in any publications to be noted. No one else had done it at that stage, not even the clippings service.” This second (and final) volume is filled with transcriptions on newspaper articles, editorials and letters to the editor covering the period 1962 to 1966 when Utzon quits. The Reding Universal Exercise Book, filled to pp 0-48 and p 92Written on front cover: "Mandie Eckersley, 19 South Street, Edgecliff. NSW." In exercise book: handwritten notes. On back cover: list of dates from 1966-1977. Inserts in page 41: Public Library of New South Wales photocopying service receipts dated 8-2-67. Public Library of New South Wales Applications slips for books from stack.sydney opera house, jorn utzon, sydney opera house project

Phillippine To be awarded the Philippine Liberation Medal, a service member must have participated in at least one of the following actions:[2][3][4] Participation in the initial landing operation of Leyte and adjoining islands from 17 October to 20 October 1944. An individual is considered to have participated in such operations if he landed on Leyte or adjoining islands, was on a ship in Philippine waters, or was a crewmember of an airplane, which flew over Philippine territory during the period. Participation in any engagement against hostile Japanese forces on Leyte and adjoining islands during the Philippine Liberation Campaign of 17 October 1944, to 2 September 1945. Participation in any engagement against hostile Japanese forces on islands other than those mentioned above during the Philippine Liberation Campaign of 17 October 1944, to 2 September 1945. Served in the Philippine Islands or on ships in Philippine waters for not less than 30 days during the period.Purple Heart medals were awarded for soldiers injured or killed in WW2Medal Ribbon Noneworld war two, ww2, usa, usa ww2, ribbon, philippine liberation medal, occupation medal, purple heart

The City of Greater Bendigo Council was constituted on 7 April 1994 as part of a statewide program of local government reform enacted between 1993 and 1995. The reform process reduced the number of councils from 210 to 78. The City of Greater Bendigo has been appointed as the successor in law for the City of Bendigo, the Rural City of Marong, the Borough of Eaglehawk and the Shires of Huntly and Strathfieldsaye and has assumed any rights, assets and liabilities of these abolished councils. On 18 November 1994 the City of Greater Bendigo Council has been appointed as the successor in law for the Shire of McIvor and has assumed any rights, assets and liabilities of this abolished council. On the 19 January 1995 the City of Greater Bendigo Council has been appointed as the successor in law for the Redesdale district of the Shire of Metcalfe. (source https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/VA3689). This album commemorates the official amalgamation event and creation of the City of Greater Bendigo which took place at the Capital Theatre. 18 page bound album containing colour photographs commemorating creation of the City of Greater Bendigo. Album is leather bound with gold emboss decoration on front cover. One photograph per page.

Childrens story time at St Kilda Library with Philippa Armstrong, Children's Librariancolour photograph unmountedPhotographer's caption sheet attached. Shows photographer Simon (?) Hoey and identifying number 960507602. Back of photograph is stamped: Warning This photograph is subject to Copyright provisions. It may not be resold, copied, republished, displayed for promotion purposes or reproduced in any way without the written permission of all copyright holders. Leader Newspaper Group.philippa armstrong, st kilda library

A Report of the Commissioners, presented to Parliament in 1891, noted that: ‘The great Musical Festival, which was inaugurated and maintained during the time the Exhibition was open, was such as had never before been attempted. In that comparatively short period, no less than 263 orchestral, grand choral, and other concerts were given by the Centennial Orchestra and Choir, numbering nearly 800 performers, under the conductorship of Mr. F. H. Cowen. At these concerts the works of the great masters were performed in a manner hitherto unknown in these colonies, and your Commissioners are encouraged to hope that the stimulus given through their agency to the study of Music will prove strong and lasting. They also desire to return their thanks to the ladies and gentlemen composing the Centennial Choir, who devoted much time to the rehearsal and performance of the great choral works given during the Festival, and whose valuable services were rendered gratuitously.'An illuminated certificate inscribed to Miss L. Wilson in ‘recognition of valuable services rendered as a member of the Centennial Choir during the currency of the Centennial International Exhibition, Melbourne 1888’. The illuminated certificate lists a number of works performed by the choir, at left, and also pictorial roundels of the exterior of the Exhibition Building and of its grand organ. Attached to the card on which the certificate is also attached is a separate Memorandum from the Music Business Manager to Miss Wilson. No other correspondence is extant to explain the reason for her request.Inscription: To Miss L. Wilson / In recognition of valuable services / rendered as a Member of / The Centennial Choir / during the currency of the / Centennial International/ Exhibition, Melbourne 1888. Separate Memorandum: CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION MEMORANDUM FROM EXHIBITION BUILDINGS FITZROY 8/10/1888 E. MILLER (MUSIC BUSINESS MANAGER) TO Miss Wilson Dear Madam In answer to your note I have the honor to inform you that you may remove your dress at any time, though you may need to show your choir pass & may have to submit to parcel being looked at - as the Customs officers are obliged to keep a very careful watch on any outgoing parcels. Yours obediently E. Millercentennial choir - 1888, centennial exhibition - melbourne (vic) - 1888, certificates

A tankard is a form of drinkware consisting of a large, roughly cylindrical, drinking cup with a single handle. Tankards are usually made of silver or pewter but can be made of other materials, for example, wood, ceramic or leather. A tankard may have a hinged lid, and tankards featuring glass bottoms are also fairly common. Tankards are shaped and used similarly to German beer steins. The word "tankard" originally meant any wooden vessel derived from the 13th century and later came to mean a drinking vessel. The earliest tankards were made of wooden staves, similar to a barrel, and did not have lids. A 2000-year-old wooden tankard of approximately four-pint capacity has been unearthed in Wales. Metal tankards often come with a glass bottom and the legend is that the glass-bottomed tankard was developed as a way of refusing the King's shilling, i.e. conscription into the British army or navy. The drinker could see the coin in the bottom of the glass and refuse the drink, thereby avoiding conscription. However, this is likely to be a myth, since the Navy could press by force, known as press-ganging, rendering deception unnecessary. In a bar fight, the first punch was thrown while the recipient had the tankard raised to his mouth; another legend has it that the glass bottom was implemented to see the attack coming. A further story is that the glass bottom merely allowed the drinker to judge the clarity of their drink while forgoing the expense of a fragile pint glass. It is unclear if all or any of these legends have any substance. The Tankard is associated with the shipwreck of the Loch Ard which is of significance for Victoria and is registered on the Victorian Heritage Register (S 417). Flagstaff Hill has a varied collection of artefacts from Loch Ard and this tankard is one item from the largest accumulation of artefacts from this notable Victorian shipwreck. The tankard was found on the wreck and it gives us a snapshot into Victorian maritime history. Allowing us to interpret the story of this tragic event. This drinking vessel is also archaeologically significant as it represents aspects of Victoria's history that allows us to interpret Victoria's social and historical themes of the time. The tankards significance is unfortunately its association with the worst and best-known shipwreck in Victoria's history. (See note section this document for history of the Loch Ard wreck)Pewter tankard; rolled lip, flared base, large handle. Surface has marine encrustations. Inscription on attached label. Recovered from the shipwreck as the Loch Ard. "LA 33 255"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, pewter tankard, tankard, drinking vessel