This plate was presented in 1900 to a Warrnambool lawyer, William Ardlie, on the occasion of his marriage to Maud Taylor. It was recovered from the fire which destroyed the Hotel Mansions building in Warrnambool in 1929. This building was opened in 1890 as the Grand Ozone Coffee Palace (a temperance hotel). It was at the corner of Koroit and Kepler Streets. In 1891 the Coffee Palace was granted a wine licence and in 1895 it was re-named the Ozone Hotel. The building was closed in 1915 and re-opened in 1920 as the Hotel Mansions. In 1923 the Hotel Mansions became a fully-licensed hotel and in 1929 it was destroyed by fire. The present-day Hotel Warrnambool was built on the site. William Ardlie, the son of a pioneer Warrnambool settler, John Ardlie, began practising as a lawyer in Warrnambool in the mid 1860s and dominated the legal scene in Warrnambool, continuing on his practice until he was over 80. He and his second wife, Maud, were occupying an apartment in the Hotel Mansions when it was destroyed by fire and this plate is a relic of the fire. The Warrnambool Bowling Club which presented the plate to William Ardlie, was established early in the 1890s and William Ardlie was an enthusiastic supporter and one-time office bearer.This plate is of great significance as it was one of the few items that still exist that was recovered from the 1929 Hotel Mansions fire and its story contains so much of Warrnambool’s history with its connections to:- 1. The story of the Hotel Mansions, the grandest building ever erected in Warrnambool 2. The story of William Ardlie, a dominant figure in the legal world in Warrnambool for over 60 years 3. The story of the Warrnambool Bowls Club, still existing today. This is a silver plate with an oval base with an inside ring and a rim of scroll patterning. The recessed edges of the plate are highly ornamented with scrolls and flower patterning. Parts of the edge of the plate are missing and jagged as this plate has been in a major fire. On the base of the plate are three silver studs for the plate to rest on a surface. The fourth stud is missing. On the rim of the plate are two small projections, suggesting the plate originally had a handle. On the base of the plate is an inscription.‘Presented by the members of the Warrnambool Bowling Club to William Ardlie Esq.re (ex President) on the occasion of his WEDDING, 10th January 1900.’ grand ozone coffee palace/ozone hotel/ hotel mansions, warrnambool, william ardlie, warrnambool bowls club, history of warrnambool

Black paperback with gold text. Front cover depicts Sepia toned photograph of six women having tea. Back cover is black with recommendations and information about contents of the book.non-fictionStudy of the place and life of middle-class Victorian era women.victorian, middle-class, women, nineteenth century, women’s health education, modernization, warrnambool

Vintage Australian book for the homemaker c1958. The book is published prior to granting of equal pay, affirmation of women's rights, acceptance of working mother and career woman as the norm . The book reinforces the socially accepted concept of the married homemaker and mother as perceived at the time, now the idealised concept is questioned. At the time of publication and reprints this book was envisaged to empower women. Whether' a teenager, career woman,a young married or mother' as a 'guide, philosopher, and friend' The editor Alleyne Jukes was born in Warrnambool to Charles and Mary Jukes of the Floral Farm Warrnambool. She attended Braemar Grammar School and Warrnambool High School. She lived and worked in Melbourne as a journalist and secretary living in St Kilda and Elsternwick 1949, Bentleigh 1954, Oakleigh 1963. In 1961 she gathered together a number of writers and consultants to produce Woman's World, a book designed as the woman's Bible to enable her to have access to expert advice and information about home and outside work fields.The book was hailed at the time at the time as the only work of its type produced entirely for Australian conditions and was an immediate success appealing to a wide range of readers. A similar subject book of smaller size and format has been sighted 'The People's Home Library', 1910 reprinted in 1923 by RC Barnum published by The Oceanic Publishing Company. A Library of three practical books, Medical 478 pp, Home Recipe 238 pp and Home Stock 315pp.This book is a guide for everything from how to answer a telephone correctly to sorting out marital problems. A reference guide for how to be a complete and successful young woman. Courses on Beauty, Fashion, Poise and Personality, Cooking,Every Wise Woman, Love and Marriage, The Home, The Family and Interests and Hobbies. This book has significance for Warrnambool as Alleyne Jukes was born in Warrnambool and has strong family connections to the district.A hardback reference book 'Woman's World' with a cream vinyl binding of flecked fabric outside cover and spine. Gold gilt lettering for the title and a gold gilt rose motif on the front; gold gilt lettering and publisher's name on the spine; plain back cover. The endpapers are repeated of black and white pen ink drawings showing the roles of women on varying splashes of a vairety of mono-coloured backgrounds. A general index on page 602 plus cooking index page 606 and dressmaking and sewing index page 607. The 607 pages are printed on thick, gloss white paper for 64 pages and coarser, white matt paper for the remainder. The table of contents lists a pictorial Introduction and nine chapters (courses) 'that is a 'bible' to the woman 'cares' and is vital to her as her femininity'. The editor has a heading "WOMAN" The Unacknowledged Specialist" and signed with her printed signature...Alleyne Jukes.' No dedication included although a text from Proverbs.alleyne m jukes, woman, self improvement, 'bible', warrnambool

Historical information: this medallion has historical details on three fronts. Firstly the Villiers & Heytesbury Agricultural Association. This association began with the first meeting held on May 17th 1853 at Woodford. The minutes of that meeting read “That in the opinion of this meeting, the formation of an agricultural association would be of great benefit to persons in this district engaged in farming and pastoral pursuits. It initially embraced the following: ploughing, agricultural produce, machines and implements, and livestock of all descriptions. The first show was held at Warrnambool on April 10th 1855 on a green bounded by Fairy, Henna, and Koroit Streets. It was held there until 1875 when it moved to the present Showgrounds site in Koroit Street. At the 37th Annual show in 1890 Warrnambool held its first Grand National Show, being granted by the Chamber of Agriculture in turn, in Victoria. It became known as the Warrnambool Agricultural Society in 1911. Secondly the winner, Mr Hugh Lennon. He was one of the most successful innovators and manufacturers of agricultural implements in early Australia. Although born in Ireland, he served an apprenticeship in Scotland in mechanical engineering. The Lennon plough became known Australia wide. For many years he operated his business at the northern of Elizabeth Street in Melbourne. He was active in local affairs. He died in 1886 at the age of 52. Thirdly, Stokes and Martin. Thomas Stokes came to Australia in the 1850’s and established a successful business at Mincing Lane Melbourne, manufacturing buttons, medals and tokens. Martin joined the partnership in 1873, which lasted until a disastrous fire in 1893. The business was renamed Stokes & Sons Pty Ltd and it became a public company in 1962. It is currently situated at Ringwood in the business of spare parts for electrical equipment The Villiers and Heytesbury Agricultural Association was a significant event and organisation within the Western District over a large number of years. It was one of the earliest organisations in the district and is testament to its importance to the agricultural, social, and cultural life of the district. It is significant that this particular medallion was awarded to an innovator in the ploughing industry and that it was made by a company which is still in business 130 years later. Circular copper medallion cast with Villiers & Heytesbury Agricultural Assoctn around edge with winner and event details engraved in centre. The reverse is cast with horse, cow and sheep standing above wheat sheaf and farm implements. The edge of the medallion is plain.Villiers & Heytesbury Agricultl Assoctn around rim. 1st Prize awarded to Hugh Lennon for double furrow plough, Warrnambool Oct 19 1880. Stokes & Martin Melbourne in small lettering on the reverse.warrnambool, villiers & heytesbury, hugh lennon, stokes & martin, lennon plow, lennon plough

This Warrnambool Botanic Gardens Study and Report was funded by the National Estate Grants Program of the Australian Heritage Commission and the City of Warrnambool. It was monitored in progress by a Steering Committee consisting of representatives of the Botanic and Public Gardens Advisory Committee, the Warrnambool City Council, Friends of the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens and National Estate Grants Program representatives and community representatives. The Warrnambool Botanic Gardens were first sited close to the Hopkins River in 1859. In 1869 the gardens were relocated to the present day location in Botanic Road. This plan is of some importance as it gives an overview of the history and current condition in 1995 of the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens and draws up a plan for its future development. It is useful for research and for consideration by the City Council today of policy making and further development of the gardens. This is a publication containing a master plan for the Warrnambool Botanic Gardens. It has a section on acknowledgements, a summary, eight chapters, and 14 appendices. The pages are bound with plastic rings, the front cover is plasticized with an aerial photograph of the Botanic Gardens and surrounds and the back cover is lightweight cardboard. The pages contain printed material, fold out maps, sketches and diagrams and many photocopied photographs.Front Cover: City of Warrnambool, Warrnambool Botanic Gardens, Conservation and Development Plan, Jill Orr-Young, Patrick Mallon, SF Consultants Pty Ltd, February 1995. warrnambool botanic gardens, warrnambool

Village Pond, near Main Road, Eltham, c.1908 Reproduced on p57 of 'Pioneers & Painters'. Looking up Dalton Street from across Maria Street (Main Road), near Whitecloud (Jarrold’s cottage) and the Bootmaker’s cottage, to the left (out of view) of the photographer. The residence of the Head Teacher, Eltham State School No. 209, can be seen on the right, the Grant house on the left (site of present day Eltham Clinic). The willow trees south of Jarrold’s Cottage today mark the site of the old pond, which the Eltham Shire Council evidently filled in to stop mosquitos breeding. The pond and its locality was described in an article about Eltham published in The Australasian, May 2, 1903 - “There is the village pond (so essentially English), reflecting in its clear water a quaint cottage, dwarfed by a huge gum tree, an old smithy, and a hostelry, built quite fifty years ago, the flooring-boards of which the landlord informed me with pride were of Singapore cedar, and quite fit for another fifty years' wear. Then there are the village school, the shoemaker's, the drapery store, and the butcher's shop, all seemingly as they were when first they were erected many years ago.”This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital image 4 x 5 inch B&W Neg Print 16.5 x 25 cm (2) and 9 x 12.5 cm Postcard 9 x 14 cmOn one print "57 and 11 3/8' x 10' deep"shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, dalton street, duck pond, eltham, grant house, main road, maria street, village pond

Main Road, Eltham, south from Brougham Street to Dalton Street, c.1911 View looking down Policeman’s Hill on Maria Street (Main Road) from near Brougham Street towards Dalton Street, site of the Avenue of Honour established in 1916-1917 in memory of the soldiers who served in the First World War, 1914-1918. At the bottom of the hill on the right is White Cloud Cottage, home of the Jarrold family, three women standing out front observing the photographer. The road passes over a culvert which runs to the west in front of the cottage. The cottage was originally located closer to the Diamond Creek but was subject to flooding. It was dragged by horse to the present site shown, which was chosen for the higher ground that had been created as a result of land fill being deposited here from the quarry further around the bend on Main Road (site of present-day Eltham Primary School carpark) where the stone had been quarried for building the State School in Dalton Street. Immediately at the end of the straight section of the main road can be seen the gas streetlamp in front of the Jarrold home and the pond at the bottom of Dalton Street. The cottage had previously been rented for use as a Police Station / residence prior to the building of the permanent police house and station at the corner of Maria and Brougham streets in 1859. At the time of collection of photos for the centenary of the Shire of Eltham (1971) the cottage was owned by the Skipper family and remains in the family to present day (2021). On the left is the Grant house on the corner of Main Road and Dalton Street now the present-day site of Eltham Clinic. Cross Ref: 0749 for another view of the Jarrold family home Photographer: J.H. Clark John Henry Clark was the youngest of three boys born to William Henry Clark (1823-1877) and Maria White (1843-1914). He and his brothers, William Charles Clark (1872-1945), Clement Kent Clark (1874-1912) operated a photography business (Clark Bros.) from 25 Thomas Street, Windsor near Prahran during the period c.1894 to 1914. Following death of Clement in September 1912 and their mother in 1914, the Clark Bros business appears to have dissolved, the premises demolished, and a new house was under construction in 1915. John set up business independently in 1914 operating out of 29 Moor Street, Fitzroy where he is registered in the 1914 and 1915 Electoral Rolls. By 1916 John had relocated to Eltham where he continued his practice as a photographer and took many of the early images around the district of Little Eltham. Around 1930 John changed professions and opened a small cobbler's shop in 1931 near the pond opposite Dalton Street adjacent to the Jarrold family cottage. He never married and continued his profession as a bootmaker from this little shop, maintaining a close relationship with Mrs Jarrold for the rest of their lives. His bootmaker shop remains today beside the Whitecloud cottage and is one of only three remaining shops in the area from the early 20th century. There are a couple of images of Eltham taken by Clark Bros. in the Eltham District Historical Society collection, one such example being Hunniford’s Post Office with Miss Anne Hunniford out front (EDHS_00140 - marked on the back of the print, Clark Bros., 25 Thomas St. Windsor), which would date this image between c.1894 and 1914. Other early images of Eltham taken by John Henry Clark are marked on the face “J. H. Clark Photo” and it is assumed these are dated between 1914 and 1930. It is noted that the Grant of Probate for John H Clark of Eltham South dated 5 April !957 (513/387) records his occupation as "X Photographer".This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital image 4 x 5 inch B&W Negshire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, eltham, main road, jarrold family, dalton street, j.h. clark photo, white cloud cottage, avenue of honour, eltham clinic, gas lamp, grant house, jarrold cottage, 1900

This permit was eventually overturned following community objection and the land was donated by Yarra Valley Water for use as a community reserve.The Stokes Orchard Estate collection is typical of housing developments of the late 1970s and 1980s. It was one of the earliest estates in Eltham following the nearby Woodridge Estate development.A4 document consisting of ten pagesAs notedstokes place, eltham, stokes orchard, stokes orchard estate, streets, houses, peter and carla vermey, diosma road, letter of objection, melbourne metropolitan board of works, planning application, reservoir, shire of eltham

James came to Australia from Plymouth on the ship "Mobile" arriving 16/11/1853 aged 22. he married Alice Roberts on November 27, 1861. With a large young family he moved from Central Victoria to Glengarry in Gippsland where he farmed and set up sawmills at Glengarry and Rosedale. After hearing of land grants at Orbost and investigating the possibilities with Elizabeth, his eldest daughter he selected land at Pumpkin Point, Bete Bolong. The whole family (ten children from 23years - 2years) eventually moved to Orbost around 1885. ( read "From White Knowle to Pumpkin Point" by Hon Peter Nixon A.O.) He had the first saw mill. He convened the meeting that established butter factory foundation and shares and was the first Agricultural Show president,James Nixon was a significant and influential citizen of Orbost's early years.Portrait done in oils of Nixon, James Mr. The portrait is of the bust of Nixon in a tuxedo with blue to grey background. Timber finish frame.nixon-james orbost-bete-bolong pumpkin-point

GRANT, Thomas (From Short Notes on Ringwood - RDHS) Born 1854, died 1933, aged 79 years. Thomas Grant, born in Burwood, Victoria, came to Ringwood in 1876. On land purchased from Mr. D. Gostick in Whitehorse Road, in the vicinity of the present Drive In Arcade, he built a blacksmith's and coach building shop. In 1880, he married Mary Ann French, of Mulgrave. There were four children, Andrew, Mary, (died in infancy) Thomas, and Margaret. Miss Margaret Grant is a well known resident of Mullum Road. With the opening of the station in 1882, activities in the growing district tended to congregate in its vicinity, and, in 1883, Mr. Grant moved his “smith" to the corner of Adelaide Street. At the same time, he planted out an orchard on his land which ran from Ringwood Street, to Warrandyte Road, and north as far as Mullum Greek. Eventually, about 1910, he sold his business to the Reed Brothers, and retired to the comparatively lighter life of orchardist and market gardener. In 1909, he sold 8 acres of his land to the Lilydale Council. This land, situated in Ringwood Street, behind the Town Hall, is known as the Ringwood Reserve. Mr. & Mrs. Grant were foundation members of the Methodist Church. He was appointed a Trustee in 1879, and served until his death 54 years later. He was an enthusiastic member of many societies, and he held public office in civic affairs. His interests included the Progress Association, Cricket Club, and the Agricultural Society, at whose annual show, he was a regular exhibitor. He served as a Councillor in the Lilydale Shire, repres¬enting Ringwood, from 1889 to 1894, and was a Justice of the Peace. 26278a Ledger belonging to First Blacksmith in Ringwood 1880s. Dark green cover with leather spine and corners. Dark coloured edges on pages. 542 pages, 320 used. 26278b Day book belonging to Thomas Grant, Blacksmith, Ringwood used 1929. Brown covered book with leather spine. First 95 pages torn out. Only two pages of remaining 76 used. 26278c Ledger with alphabetical index - Thomas Grant, Blacksmith, Ringwood - 1888. Green covered book with red spine and corners. Dark coloured edges on pages. 275 pages. Some unused. 26278d T. Grant Blacksmith Day Book. Green covered day book of T. Grant, Blacksmith and General Smithy, Ringwood 1883 . Red square on spine with Day book written on it. Day Book in ink hand written on front spine. 26278e Day book belonging to Thomas Grant, Blacksmith, Ringwood - 1879-1881. Green cover with brown spine and edges. Gold lettering on spine saying Day Book Pages all used. 26278f Collection of receipts, some blotting paper, some pages from the Journal of Architecture, a short story, and drawing with description of an Albert Sociable carriage.

Collage of clipped lettering and map pasted to orange coloured card depicting Railway Park Estate subdivision sale. Handwritten names associated with allotments and notation of sale date - 30 November, 1887. Subdivision plan with pink shading highlighting 73 allotments in Ferntree Gully Road (later Bedford Road) and Pitt Street, Ringwood. Handwritten names associated with allotments include Arthur Wiseman, T. Grant, J.J. Miller, M. Dickson, G.G. Miller, J. Frost, J.K. Turnbul, J.W. Davis, William Aldridge.

Refer also to Reg. No. 5185 for Ringwood Railway Estate final section release (August 1924)Folded double-sided brochure advertising 85 residential allotments and brick cemented villa - Ringwood Railway Estate Public Auction on Saturday 8th September, 1923, with town photographs, location map, terms of sale, and summary of local features and services.Subdivision includes Whitehorse Road, Bon View Avenue, Grant Crescent, Heatherbrae Avenue, Burwood Avenue, and Sherbrooke Avenue. (Agents) Knight & Harwood, 315 Collins Street, Melbourne, Phones Central 10615, 10616, in conjunction with J.B. McAlpin, Opposite Railway Station, Ringwood, Phone Ringwood 7.

This coin with frozen year 1943 was restruck in 1951 three years after Ceylon's independence in 1948.Between 1948 and 1972, Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with the United Kingdom. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic its name was changed to Sri Lanka. This coin was minted in the period before Ceylon's name was changed to Sri Lanka.A small nickel-brass round coin. On the obverse side is a crowned head facing left. The lettering is: GEORGE VI KING AND EMPEROR OF INDIA. On the reverse there is a crown at top dividing the 1943 date with the denomination below: 25 CENTS CEYLON. Reverse Crown at top divides date, denomination below coin 25-cent-ceylon

Typed below photograph, "Old well without the pump in the backyard of Tommy Grants home in Adelaide St. Now Eastland site."

This book was produced with a grant from the Victorian Government Dept of State and Regional Development. Grace Elizabeth Jennings Carmichael (1867-1904), poet and nurse, was born on 24 February 1867 at Ballarat, Victoria, daughter of Archibald Carmichael, a miner from Perthshire, Scotland, and his wife Margaret Jennings, née Clark, from Cornwall, England. . About 1880 the family moved to Gippsland where Henderson managed a station near Orbost. Grace learned to love the Gippsland forest. She began to express in verse her understanding of the sights, scents and sounds of the bush, often writing in some remote clearing, her manuscripts stored for privacy in a hollow trunk. The Bairnsdale Advertiser published her first story, and the Weekly Times an early poem; then on 28 November 1885 her poem 'The Old Maid' was published in the Australasian under her pen name Jennings Carmichael. Encouraged by its editor, David Watterston, Grace sent nearly all her subsequent verse to that newspaper. (Read more by Lindsay Gardiner in Australian Dictionary of Biography.)This is a useful collection of the poetry of Jennings Carmichael, a leading Australian poet who spent much of her childhood in Orbost.A thin, stapled, yellow covered paperback book. It is titled "Grace Elizabeth Jennings Carmichael" and is a limited edition print of Carmichael's poetry. Print is black.poetry literature jennings-carmichael

The original licence for the Sans Souci Hotel was granted to A. G. Ventry in 1909. The hotel burned down on 15.06.1923 and was rebuilt. It burned down again in 1936 and the licence surrendered 21.12.1936. with the owner compensated with 475 pounds and the occupier 50 pounds. (info Victoria Government Gazette Thursday December 24 1936) The hotel was at Upper Bemm River near Club Terrace in East Gippsland.This item is a contemporary pictorial record of a building which was once a popular destination for adventurous tourists in the early 1900's. There are few photographs of this hotel.A pencil (?) drawing of the old Sans Souci Hotel at Upper Bemm River, near Club Terrace. It is a one storey timber building. The drawing has been framed at one time causing differences in light damage.sans-souci-hotel bemm-river

This is an early example of a mechanical device for the washing of clothes.It worked on a rocking motion making the chore of washday easier for the housewife.This is an early example of a mechanical device for washing of clothes.This Washing Machine is made of wood and the main barrel part is a rectangular shaped box with slopping sides.On the top is the lid and a handle.It is set on a stand which allowes it to be used with a rocking motion.F.WOLTER & ECHBERG"S PATENT WASHING MACHINE .NO 2955. 6 RUSSELL STREET MELBOURNE.ROYAL LETTERS PATENT GRANTED 1876.washing machine 1876.household appliance

In 1848, 43-year-old John Clarke launched a cutlery business in Harvest Lane in Neepsend, Sheffield UK. Clarke entered the trade late in life he was indenture and apprenticed to Octavius Twigg, a razor maker. Clarke was granted his Freedom in 1856 and began using the trademark 'NEVA'. By the 1860s, Thomas Clarke's son by his wife Elizabeth had joined the firm. When John Clarke died at his home at Augusta Place, Rock Street, Sheffield on 25 July 1873 (aged 68), he only employed six workmen.  By 1881, Thomas had expanded this number to twenty.  He sold a wide range of cutlery and was also an ‘emigration agent’, the Sheffield Independent, of 7th September in 1886 had an article published stating Thomas helped to recruit personnel from England for cutlery centers in America.  In 1893 Clarke’s showroom displayed miniature knives from '5/16ths-inch long to the most expensive sportsman's knives, that were gold and silver mounted.  Table knives and carvers were also manufactured (or factored).  Agencies were opened in London, New York, and Melbourne.  Besides ‘NEVA, the ‘EXPRESS’ and ‘RING’ marks were used on razors; and Clarke’s marketed the American ‘GEM’ safety razor.  By 1901, the firm had moved to Mowbray Street, where its Mowbray Works overlooked the River Don. Thomas Clarke died at Harrogate on 26 April 1902, aged 62, and was buried in the same Burngreave cemetery as his parents.  Thomas’s sons, John Roome Clarke (1860-1925) and Thomas Edward Clarke, were directors, another son George William Clarke was a shareholder. John Roome Clarke died on 3 February 1925, aged 64  his son, John Clarke, of Crimicar Lane, remained as the senior partner.  Clarke’s was one of the last producers of hand-made pocket knives and it also produced a large output of sheath knives for scouting associations. The firm was liquidated in 1964, but the company name was resurrected and Its last address after 1980 was at 65 Garden Street Sheffield.  The company trademark passed on to Meteor Industries and then to Egginton Ltd. Weber & Co: The Clarke company purchased or (factored) many of its blades for razors and knives from Weber & Co of Solingen Germany. The full name of the firm originally was Jowika Stahlwarenfabrik Eugen Weber & Altenbach KG. It was founded in Solingen prior to 1928, under the name Johann & Wilhelm Kleinewefers GMBH, Messerfabrik. JWK for short, hence JoWiKa. The company was sold to Eugen Weber in the 1930s. Weber was married to a woman named Altenbach, from a family that manufactured innovative low-priced pocketknives, as well as other cutlery items. In 1960 Weber opened a branch factory in Listowel Ireland. It was sold to Albert M. Baer of Imperial Schrade in 1978. The Listowel factory was closed about a year and a half before the U.S. Schrade factory closed in 2004 and the Jowika factory in Solingen had closed in 1984.An item with an interesting manufacturing history from the 1930s showing how one man can grow a business into a successful concern that made quality products that stand the test of time.Razor metal folding blade with horn handle in its original cardboard box Inscription Made by John Clarke and Son England. "Champion" razor. On box " The Champion 10/6d" and "Weber Lohmann & Co SOLINGEN".flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

Naturally, we tend to take commonplace objects for granted, because they have always been there. Yet how many of you actually have thought “hey, where do forks come from?” Well, it takes one trip to China and a 3-year-old laughing at your face because of your desperate attempt to eat with chopsticks to finally appreciate something so ordinary such as a fork. So, where do forks come from? The early history of the fork is obscure. As a kitchen and dining utensil, it is believed to have originated in the Roman Empire, as proved by archaeological evidence. The personal table fork most likely originated in the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire. Its use spread to what is now the Middle East during the first millennium AD and then spread into Southern Europe during the second millennium. It did not become common in northern Europe until the 18th century and was not common in North America until the 19th century. Carving fork from 1640. Source: Wikipedia/Public Domain Carving Fork from 1640. Source: Wikipedia/Public Domain Some of the earliest known uses of forks with food occurred in Ancient Egypt, where large forks were used as cooking utensils. Bone forks had been found on the burial site of the Bronze Age Qijia culture (2400–1900 BC) as well as later Chinese dynasties’ tombs.The Ancient Greeks used the fork as a serving utensil. Read also: Steven Spielberg to Remake the Classic Musical ‘West Side Story’ In the Roman Empire, bronze and silver forks were used. The use varied according to local customs, social class and the nature of food, but forks of the earlier periods were mostly used as cooking and serving utensils. The personal table fork was most likely invented in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, where they were in everyday use by the 4th century (its origin may even go back to Ancient Greece, before the Roman period). Records show that by the 9th century a similar utensil known as a barjyn was in limited use in Persia within some elite circles. By the 10th century, the table fork was in common use throughout the Middle East. Bronze forks made in Persia during the 8th or 9th century.Source: Wikipedia/Public Domain Bronze forks made in Persia during the 8th or 9th century.Source: Wikipedia/Public Domain The first recorded introduction of the fork to Western Europe, as recorded by the theologian and Cardinal Peter Damian, was by Theophano Sklereina the Byzantine wife of Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, who nonchalantly wielded one at an Imperial banquet in 972, astonishing her Western hosts.By the 11th century, the table fork had become increasingly prevalent in the Italian peninsula. It gained a following in Italy before any other Western European region because of historical ties with Byzantium and continued to get popularity due to the increasing presence of pasta in the Italian diet. At first, pasta was consumed using a long wooden spike, but this eventually evolved into three spikes, design better suited to gathering the noodles. In Italy, it became commonplace by the 14th century and was almost universally used by the merchant and upper classes by 1600. It was proper for a guest to arrive with his fork and spoon enclosed in a box called a cadena; this usage was introduced to the French court with Catherine de’ Medici’s entourage. In Portugal, forks were first used at the time of Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu, King Manuel I of Portugal’s mother around 1450. However, forks were not commonly used in Western Europe until the 16th century when they became part of Italian etiquette. The utensil had also gained some currency in Spain by this time, and its use gradually spread to France. Nevertheless, most of Europe did not adopt the use of the fork until the 18th century. Read also: The 8 Most Famous ‘Functioning Alcoholics’ in History Long after the personal table fork had become commonplace in France, at the supper celebrating the marriage of the Duc de Chartres to Louis XIV’s natural daughter in 1692, the seating was described in the court memoirs of Saint-Simon: “King James having his Queen on his right hand and the King on his left, and each with their cadenas.” In Perrault’s contemporaneous fairy tale of La Belle au bois dormant (1697), each of the fairies invited for the christening is presented with a splendid “fork holder”. The fork’s adoption in northern Europe was slower. Its use was first described in English by Thomas Coryat in a volume of writings on his Italian travels (1611), but for many years it was viewed as an unmanly Italian affectation. Some writers of the Roman Catholic Church expressly disapproved of its use, St. Peter Damian seeing it as “excessive delicacy.” It was not until the 18th century that the fork became commonly used in Great Britain, although some sources say that forks were common in France, England, and Sweden already by the early 17th century. Spaghetti fork By Lady alys - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6414948 Spaghetti Fork By Lady alys – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, The fork did not become popular in North America until near the time of the American Revolution. The curved fork used in most parts of the world today was developed in Germany in the mid 18th century while the standard four-tine design became current in the early 19th century. The fork was important in Germany because they believed that eating with the fingers was rude and disrespectful. The fork led to family dinners and sit-down meals, which are important features of German culture. https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/08/31/priority-fork-came-italy-european-country-pasta/?chrome=1Serving fork, two prongs, with a shaped wooden handle. Badly rusted.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, food, meat, carving

In the high tech, fast paced society that we live in, it’s easy to take some things for granted. Case in point: the wood cutting board on which you’ll probably be preparing the evening’s dinner. Have you ever taken the time to think about the history of the cutting board? Where did it come from, and what did ancient civilizations use to cut their meats, fruits and vegetables? Wood throughout the ages Since the dawn of time, wood has been one of the most available materials used by mankind to build tools and lodgings, so it’s not really surprising to know that wood has been used in the preparation of food since the prehistoric ages. Of course, back then, cavemen probably used an unpolished slab of tree trunk to cut the kill of the day on and they probably didn’t think twice about saving it once the meal was over. Chances are they probably threw it in the fire with the rest of the wood needed to kindle it. Advances in technology Throughout the centuries, mankind evolved and started creating machines from steam, electricity and metal. When the circular saw was invented, nicer, cleaner slabs of wood were cut and used as cutting boards. Since soft wood was the most available type of wood at the time, it was the material of choice for to be used for cutting boards. Boards were made smaller since the slab of wood could now be cut to any desired size. Since they were made smaller, they were also used to eat off of and some people referred to them as trenchers. Trenchers were originally pieces of stale hard bread that were used as substitute plates. Wood trenchers quickly became the replacements of the eatable dinnerware. The butcher block: the cutting board’s larger cousin In the industrial ages, many industries rapidly developed, and the butchery industry followed this trend as well. Before the invention of the cutting board, butchers used tree rounds to carve their meat on. The rounds were often too soft and they rapidly became unsanitary. Hard maple wood butcher blocks were the preferred choice of the industry. They were made to be extremely thick and durable, so durable in fact, that a butcher could use the same block for almost his entire career. Cutting boards around the world As cutting boards began to be more and more used in kitchens around North America, the rest of the world crafted such boards from different materials. The East used thick bamboo as their material of choice. Despite its frail appearance, bamboo is quite strong and made durable cutting boards and butcher blocks. Europe used maple in the crafting of their cutting boards while Persia used flat pieces of polished wood in their kitchens. The world then saw cutting boards that were being made from other materials like plastic and they came in all shapes and sizes, but they always served the same purpose, to provide a household with a safe, clean surface on which to prepare meals for their friends and family members. https://www.woodcuttingboards.com/news/quick-history-of-the-cutting-board-47.aspxThe use of the wooden chopping board over time. Wooden Rectangular Bread board . Worn (concave in centre). Raw wood.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, chopping board, cooking

In the high tech, fast paced society that we live in, it’s easy to take some things for granted. Case in point: the wood cutting board on which you’ll probably be preparing the evening’s dinner. Have you ever taken the time to think about the history of the cutting board? Where did it come from, and what did ancient civilizations use to cut their meats, fruits and vegetables? Wood throughout the ages Since the dawn of time, wood has been one of the most available materials used by mankind to build tools and lodgings, so it’s not really surprising to know that wood has been used in the preparation of food since the prehistoric ages. Of course, back then, cavemen probably used an unpolished slab of tree trunk to cut the kill of the day on and they probably didn’t think twice about saving it once the meal was over. Chances are they probably threw it in the fire with the rest of the wood needed to kindle it. Advances in technology Throughout the centuries, mankind evolved and started creating machines from steam, electricity and metal. When the circular saw was invented, nicer, cleaner slabs of wood were cut and used as cutting boards. Since soft wood was the most available type of wood at the time, it was the material of choice for to be used for cutting boards. Boards were made smaller since the slab of wood could now be cut to any desired size. Since they were made smaller, they were also used to eat off of and some people referred to them as trenchers. Trenchers were originally pieces of stale hard bread that were used as substitute plates. Wood trenchers quickly became the replacements of the eatable dinnerware. The butcher block: the cutting board’s larger cousin In the industrial ages, many industries rapidly developed, and the butchery industry followed this trend as well. Before the invention of the cutting board, butchers used tree rounds to carve their meat on. The rounds were often too soft and they rapidly became unsanitary. Hard maple wood butcher blocks were the preferred choice of the industry. They were made to be extremely thick and durable, so durable in fact, that a butcher could use the same block for almost his entire career. Cutting boards around the world As cutting boards began to be more and more used in kitchens around North America, the rest of the world crafted such boards from different materials. The East used thick bamboo as their material of choice. Despite its frail appearance, bamboo is quite strong and made durable cutting boards and butcher blocks. Europe used maple in the crafting of their cutting boards while Persia used flat pieces of polished wood in their kitchens. The world then saw cutting boards that were being made from other materials like plastic and they came in all shapes and sizes, but they always served the same purpose, to provide a household with a safe, clean surface on which to prepare meals for their friends and family members. https://www.woodcuttingboards.com/news/quick-history-of-the-cutting-board-47.aspxThe bread board is an example of kitchen equipment used during Victorian times and similar to those used today.Bread board. Wooden, octagonal, plain sanded light wood. Has decoration around edge and indented circular line to delineate round cutting board section.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, bread board, cutting board, pastry board, kitchen utensil, kitchen equipment, baking equipment, food preparation

Paperback. Front cover has the title and author's name. Also, a black and white photograph taken by John W. Lindt entitled 'First Glimpse of Fernshaw'.non-fictionThe story of the village of Fernshaw between the dates of 1864 and 1890.fernshaw, victoria, history, watts river, yarra track

This framed watercolour was created by 20th-century landscape painter Harold Morse Ward. He was born in Brooklyn New York in 1889 and died in Sacramento, California, in 1973. Ward graduated from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and furthered his studies in Paris. He was a high school art teacher for many years, later establishing the art department at the Sacramento Junior College in 1923. In 1949 he won a Carnegie Grant for further research in fine arts. He wrote and illustrated the book ‘The Thing Called Art’. His subjects were often taken from the Sacramento area.This is the only example of artwork by early-to-mid 20th-century recognised artist H M Ward in our collection. It is representative of the artwork displayed in homes during that era. Harold Morse Ward received a Carnegie Grant for research in art. He was a descendant of the inventor of the telegraph, Samuel Morse.Painting; the timber framed watercolour painting behind glass depicts a cottage on a hill beside a winding creek with trees and bushes. Artist is H M Ward. Signed "H M Ward"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, watercolour, landscape, h m ward, harold morse ward, 20th century art, sacramento artist, the things called art

Paperback. Front cover has the title and author's name. Also, a black and white photograph taken by John W. Lindt entitled 'First Glimpse of Fernshaw'.non-fictionThe story of the village of Fernshaw between the dates of 1864 and 1890.fernshaw, victoria, history, watts river, yarra track

This hat belonged to Mr William Grant, Shire President of Bacchus Marsh. Mr Grant and his wife were invited to the opening of the first Federal Parliament held in the Royal Exhibition Building, Carlton, on the 9th May 1901. The opening was attended by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later George V and Queen Mary) and 12,000 guests. Mr Grant's family were early settlers in Bacchus Marsh, and both he and his father were influential people in the town. They owned the property "Millbank". When William Grant died in 1924, his obituary in the 'Express' listed 17 public positions he held, including severaal terms as Shire President.This item has historical significance at a local, state and national level. It is representative of formal gentlemen's dress in the latter part of the 19th century/early 20th century.Gentleman's black shiny velour top hat with silk ribbon band, bound inside with leather sweat band, adjustable with silk ties. Inscription inside hat. Purple lining with gold embossing. Light canvas coated inside. Protective silver paper sweat band under leather sweat band.Inscription in gold inside hat reads "GREASE PROOF / Prize Medal" / Royal Insignia with motto "Honi soit qui mal y pense" / "VENTILATED / AND / FELT BANDED".1910, top hat, gentlemen s fashion, mr grant, velour, ninteenth century attire, skilled hatter, upper class attire, formal wear, monopoly token, president bacchus marsh shire, federation celebrations 1910, federation, owner millbank, mad hatter, opening parliament 1910, royal exhibition building, original box, greaseproof prize medal royal isignia, the sea breeze, no 5044, size 6, 7 8