Showing 5993 items
matching 1916-1919
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Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Book, Properties for sale, 1919 - 1921
Blackburn book: properties for sale 1919-1921. R.W.E. Hooke & Son, AuctioneerBlackburn book: properties for sale 1919-1921. R.W.E. Hooke & Son, AuctioneerBlackburn book: properties for sale 1919-1921. R.W.E. Hooke & Son, Auctioneerr.w.e. hooke & son, real estate, blackburn -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, Blackburn Railway Station, 1919
Used in 'Blackburn - a picturesque history' by Robin Da CostaBlack & white photo looking west from Blackburn Level crossing 1919blackburn railway station -
Ringwood RSL Sub-Branch
Document WW1, The Austramic. Newsletter printed on troopship, 1919
Troopship newsletter 25 August 1919 Issue 1 The Austramic - printed at sea -
Bendigo Military Museum
Award - MEDAL SET, post WWI
George Stoker enlisted in the 5th reinforcements 38th Batt AIF on 21.9.16. Hospitalised 13.6.17 abcess on the knee. WIA 13.10.17 GSW to Buttocks severe. Hospitalised 26.4.18 Gastritis. Transferred to 2nd MG.Batt 25.9.18. Discharged from the AIF Oct 1919.Medal set, court mounted, set of (2) re G. Stoker. .1 War Medal 1914-1919. .2 Victory Medal, replica not engraved."2649 Pte G Stoker 38 Bn AIF"medals, military, history -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Cigarette Case - K. D. Watson, Wodonga, 1919
This cigarette case was owned by Kenneth Darnton Watson and carried into battle during World War I. Kenneth Darnton Watson was born at Bendigo on 24 May 1893 to George Darnton Watson and Adelaide Nora Holmes. He was educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School, being selected as School Captain in 1913 and a member of the Head of the River rowing team. After finishing school, he worked as a jackaroo on Wanganella Station and later at Mt. Widderin, Skipton, Victoria. When WWI was declared, Kenneth enlisted and after initial training at Maribyrnong, Victoria he left Australia as 2nd Lieutenant with 7th Australian Field Artillery Brigade, to disembark at Plymouth on July 10, 1916. He took part in the Battles of Messines, Menin Road, Polygon Wood and Passchendaele Ridge in 1917. For his efforts in Passchendaele Ridge on 17th December he was awarded the Military Cross "for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty." In 1918 he took part in the Battles of Villers-Bretonneux, Hamel and Amiens. He returned to Australia in November 1919 and was discharged on 20th January 1920. In 1922, Kenneth Darnton Watson came to Wodonga where he purchased de Kerilleau, consisting of 2,500 acres, from Mr George Gordon. The two storey brick homestead had been built by William Huon in 1870. On 30th May 1924, he married Phyllis Emily Lenore Austin and they had four children, Ian Darnton 1925, Robert Darnton 1926 Rosemary McPherson 1929 and Faith Holmes 1931. On the land he worked hard, building fences, cattle, sheep and horse yards, and farmed Corriedale sheep, Shorthorn cattle and horses. Mr Watson was an innovative farmer, introducing modern methods of top dressing at de Kerilleau by means of an aircraft. He was also a dedicated community man. He was a member of both Albury and Wodonga Show Committees, Murray Valley Development League, No.1 Region, Graziers' Association of Southern Riverina, Albury Legacy Club, Wodonga RSL, and Wodonga Turf Club including terms as President on several of these organisations. Kenneth was also a Warden of St. Luke's Church of England, Wodonga. Kenneth served as Wodonga Shire President from 1929 to 1931, and was again elected to Council from 1943 to 1945. A most respected and valued member of the local community, Kenneth Darnton Watson died on the 4th of October 1951, aged 58. Lenore Watson lived at de Kerilleau until her death on 15th June 1984. Both are buried in Wodonga.This item is significant because it was owned by a decorated Australian serviceman and prominent member of the Wodonga community.A silver cigarette case owned by Kenneth Darnton Watson of Wodonga. The inside contains straps to hold the cigarettes in place. Both the front and back have been engraved.On front: KDW On back: 1919kenneth darnton watson, watson family wodonga, wodonga community members -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, FRAMED WW1, Wayne Eels, C.2008/2009
The Grinton Collection. Life after 1919. Bert Grinton DCM, Jacks brother carves roast dinner. Bert Grinton DCM refer Cat No 1320P for his service details. Refer Cat No.1280 for Jack Grintons service details. Photograph - Framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicting a dining room scene. Table with tablecloth, cutlery, china plates and bowls of food. Male person dressed formally - appears to be "carving a chicken". Sideboard in background. Frame - Timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing." Group 6: Life after 1919". "D. Bert Grinton (carves chicken)".framed accessories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Postcard - Ships, Willets Photo, Victorian Training Ships, 1915
The photographic postcard was made in 1915-1916 by Willets Photography in Geelong. It is one of a series called 'Victorian Training Ships and it featured the sailing ships John Murry and the Dart'. The John Murry was commissioned by the Victorian Government for the training of juvenile offenders from 1910-1918 and anchored just off Williamstown, Victoria. The ship was previously named Loch Ryan. The Dart was named such in 1882, and in 1904 the New South Wales Government purchased her for use as a training ship. ln 1912 the Victorian Government bought her for use as a tender, to support the John Murry training ship until she was again sold in 1919 to the owner of a shipping and trading agency. The postcard is significant for its association with sailing ships and with training ships. It is also significant for its representation of two training ships used for rehabilitation. This form of treatment became controversial so the project didn't last for many years. None-the-less, it is part of our Victorian history.Black and white postcard picturing two sailing ships plus printed and handwritten text. The ships are the John Murry and the Dart. The postcard is in the series 'Victorian Training Ships'. Made by Willets of Geelong. Printed on front "Victorian Training Ships", "Greetings 1915-1916" and "Willets PHOTO / GEELONG" Written in ink below ships "John Murry" & "Dart". flagstaff hill, warrnambool, willets photo geelong, greeting card, 1915-1916, postcard, victorian training ships, sailing ships, john murry, dart, maritime museum, maritime village, maritine photograph, training ships, juvenile reformation, loch ryan, willis photography, geelong photographer, williamstown -
Anglesea and District Historical Society
History Book, Humphrey Milford. Oxford University Press, A Short History of Australia by Ernest Scott, 1916
Hard cover book printed 1916 by Ernest Scott, Professor of History at University of Melbourne.history, australia, e. scott -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Letter - Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust, 1916
Arthur Henry Miers played for cricket, football and baseball teams in Kew for a number of decades in the first half of the twentieth century. He was born on 22 November 1901, the son of Rodolph Theophilus Miers (1874-1951) and Margaret Frances (Margaretta) Fry (1875-1958). He had two brothers, Rodolph Cecil Miers (1904-80) and Charles Wilfred Miers (1906-88), and a sister Marjorie Elizabeth Miers (1911-84). Arthur Miers died in Kew on 25 January 1966, and after his body was cremated, his body was interred in the Mausoleum of Boroondara General (Kew) Cemetery.Letter from Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust to A Miers, dated 28 April 1916arthur henry miers, prahran & malvern tramways trust, kew depot -
Canterbury History Group
Photograph - Canterbury Bowling Club "B" Pennant winners, 1916-17
Black and white photograph of the Canterbury Bowling Club "B" pennant winners 1916-17canterbury, canterbury bowling club, lawn bowls, kendall street -
Buninyong Visitor Information Centre
Book - Bible, Cambridge University Press, The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments, 1916
Published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.Small black, leather-bound Bible printed in London in 1916. Buninyong connections to be researched.'Holy Bible' embossed in gold on the front cover.bibles, religion, christianity -
Bendigo Military Museum
Award - MEDAL SET, post WWI
William James Bush, 31340, 2nd Light Trench Mortar Battery AIF enlisted on 18.9.1916 aged 22 years. He embarked for overseas on 23.12 1916. At the front he was hospitalised twice. He was Wounded in Action on 4.5.1918 and then Died of his Wounds on 5.5.1918.Medal set, court mounted, set of 2 Re. W.J Bush. 1. War Medal 1914-1919. 2. Victory Medal. Replica not engraved.1. "31340 PTE A.J.BUSH 2-L.T.B. AIF."medals, military, history -
Bendigo Military Museum
Badge - LAPEL BADGE, 1919 RSL
Limited edition 20th Century commemorative badge in the shape of the first RSL 1919 badge. Part of the Flight Lieutenant Ian A. 'Joe' Lyons MBE Collection. See Catalogue No. 5374P for his service record.Gold plated metal resin coated badge in the shape of the first RSL Badge. Pin and fastener on the back.On the front: 'Returned Sailors Soldiers Imperial League Australia 1919'. On the back: 'MADE IN AUSTRALIA'.ww1, rsl badge, ian a. 'joe' lyons -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, Diary of 138 Spr. R Garford M.M. Battalion and Div.Sig.Coy A.I.F
By arrangment with local and family history librarian, Myra Dowling, this diary was transcribed by Sandra Dexter from the original, which was donated to the City of Boroondara Library Service following the Boroondara Remembers project in 2015. It is a day-to-day account of a soldier's experience going to fight in World War 1, 1914-1919. Robert Thomas Garford (SERN 1138) was born in Fitzroy in 1892. He was aged 23 and living in Camberwell when he enlisted on 14 September 1914. He embarked from Melbourne on board HMAT A38 Ulysses on 22 December 1914. He was a sapper with the 2nd Divisional Signal Company. He was awarded a Military Medal: 'At CLERY, near MT.ST. QUENTIN, on the 31st of August 1918, this soldier was engaged as a linesman at the Brigade Forward Station. Throughout the day forward lines were repeatedly broken by enemy shell fire. Despite this Sapper FARFORD [sic], with very conspicuous coolness patrolled the lines from end to end repairing one break after another. His untiring efforts were responsible for the constant maintenance of communications from the Brigade Station to the Battalions.' Source: 'Commonwealth Gazette' No. 115, 10 October 1919. He returned to Australia 3 December 1918. He married Annie Christina Devine in 1941. They lived at 16 York Street, Surrey Hills and later 17 Blackburn Street, Surrey Hills. He died 30 May 1969 at Surrey Hills and is buried in Box Hill Cemetery: P-A-0054.A day to day account of a soldier's experience going to fight in World War 1, 1914-1919world war, 1914-1918, diaries and journals, (mr) (sapper) r garford, box hill cemetery, robert thomas garford -
Melbourne Legacy
Magazine, The Ceramican. Souvenir Number, 1920
A commemorative publication from the voyage back to Australia aboard the ship The Ceramic in 1920. It departed Tillbury, UK 12th March and docked in Freemantle on 27th April 1920 and then went onto Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. The Ceramic was a transport vessel built in Belfast in 1913 for the White Star Line to transport frozen produce and apples from Australia to UK. It was taken over by the Australian Government for troop transport in October 1914 and could carry over 3,000 troops. This trip in 1920 there were 1467 on board, there were women and children as well as 439 soldiers returning home. The publication has articles of life on the voyage as well as poems, stories, photos and drawings compiled on-board. Notable events such as crossing the equator, a baby competition and stopping in Bombay were some of the photos. Was with other World War 1 memorabilia that has come from Private John Basil McLean, 2nd Reinforcements, 37th Battalion, A.I.F. J.B. McLean (Service No. 13824) was from near Maffra, Victoria and enlisted on 22 January 1916. He embarked on 16 December 1916 for Europe. His full war record is available from AWM. He spent time with the Australian Field Artillery (Pack Section). At the end of the war he worked for a year at the A.I.F. Headquarters in London before returning to Australia on the 'Ceramic', arriving Portsea in 1920.A record of a soldier's journey home after World War 1.An onboard publication x 28 pages, to record the journey home from World War 1.On the cover in blue ink 'J.B. McLean 1919'.world war one, souvenir -
National Wool Museum
Badge, 191
Fundraising badge produced to celebrate the 1919 peace. Many badges were produced at this time for popular causes. Such badges were sold in trams, buses, at railways stations and at rallies to raise money for the stated cause. This badge was produced to raise money for those affect by the war in the Geelong and District region. Badges were a popular fundraising option because of their affordable nature making them available to much of the public, while their design made them popular for collecting well into the future. Badge, circular. Pin back with celluloid cover. Printed in cream, gold and blue. The outer edge is in gold with blue lettering; the inner circle has a white dove holding an olive branch in its beak with lettering in blue below. Attached to the badge through the pin is a small cloth badge in red, white and blue depicting the Union Jack, with lettering across the central bar.GEELONG & DISTRICT / CELEBRATIONS 1919 / PEACE KING & COUNTRY1919, wwi, geelong and district, fundraising -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Photograph, Black & White, Fruit & Vegetable display Float Easter Parade c1917, c1916
The Friendly Societies Carnival at Mentone 1916 during WW1 was arranged to showcase the local activities and raise funds for the 'Discharged Wounded Soldiers Fund' = £140 was raised. As elsewhere in Australia most of the local young men had enlisted in the AIF and some were coming home wounded - many were killed on overseas battlefields. This Parade was led by the Cheltenham Brass Band with the following Friendly Societies AOF, IOR, HACBS, PAFS, and ANA. The PAFS - Protestant Alliance Friendly Society - had 2 entries 'Fruit & Vegetable Display' and 'The Murder of Nurse Edith Cavell' both floats won their category. The Carnival gave prizes for sports events on the Mentone Oval and a concert was held at night at the Mentone Ice Skating Rink.World War 1 1914-1918 had a devastating impact on many early settler families whose sons had volunteered to serve in AIF. 1916 many of these young men were returning injured or had been killed overseas The Community rallied around to support these men and their families by holding fund raising events like the CarnivalBlack & White photograph of a horse drawn wagon displaying Fruit and Vegetables for a procession c 1916Handwritten ; Decorated wagon possibly part of a procession of market gardeners cartsfriendly societies cheltenham 1916, nurse edith cavell, cheltenham brass band 1916, ww1 1914-1918, wounded soldiers fund, allnutt ella, smith j l; smith mary ann, stanley helen, smith vic, chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, mckinnon, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman stephen, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards -
Bendigo Military Museum
Memorabilia - MEDALLIONS, PEACE & LIBERTY, C.1919
Part of the HEWSTON collection WW1 & WW2..1) Medallion, round, silver, engraved, no ribbon attached. .2) Medallion, round, silver, red, white & blue ribbon attached.“The Triumph of Liberty and Justice” “The Peace of 1919”numismatics-badges, military history, memorabilia, peace, liberty -
Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photograph, Wilson, Les G, 1919
The 19th of March 1886 proved an important day in the lives of many early settlers in the Orbost area, because on this day the Orbost State School opened. The fact that the school had first operated temporarily in a leased building, and on a half-time basis with SS2745 Jarrahmond, did not dampen the enthusiasm of the local inhabitants as they saw their offspring commence their education under the guidance of HT Campbell Mackay. However he remained in charge only until 12th of May 1886. The second HT, John Rowe, served until 1908. On 30th of June 1887, a portable room was provided; it being brought to the area by schooner. The school now had accommodation for 30 pupils; the teacher's welfare was considered because quarters of two rooms were attached. As the population increased so did the needs of the school. This was reflected in the provision of a larger classroom in 1898. During 1910-11 the first approaches were made to the Department for the establishment of a HES in Orbost and this became a reality in 1912. Orbost HES supplied post-primary education in the district until a high school was built in 1948. When fire destroyed the school in 1941 local halls were used as classrooms until a new school was built. Work was quite rapid and a new brick structure was opened by the Hon. A. E. Lind, MLA, on 13th of February 1942. This new building was a fine type of school of which both the pupils and the HT Leslie Collins were indeed proud. But Orbost continued to develop and the new school was soon overtaxed. This resulted in the erection of two Bristol classrooms in 1947. By 1950, when the school population had reached 500 pupils the opening of the new school at Orbost North was welcomed by all concerned. In 1963 the Department purchased land diagonally opposite the school and developed it as a playing area. In 1965 two LTCs were opened in November, and in October 1968 the Brodribb School building was moved to SS2744 Orbost for use as a general purpose room. ( Info. from Schools East Gippsland) This item is associated with the history of education in Orbost.A black / white photograph on a grey buff cardboard frame. It is of a group of students standing outside the Orbost State School building. One child holds a sign reading "Form F". There is a photographer's label at the bottom.on back - "Alen Roach" on front - "1919" education-orbost orbost-state-school -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, 1919 c
Black and white photograph showing steamer Dargo tied up at Kalimna Jetty. The jetty has a trolley on a tram line for carrying goods and a pile of wood on the far end for the steamers boilers. A few travellers are on board and a man in uniform possibly the skipper, next to the wood pile. Back of a sign visible across the jetty from the end of the shed on right. Lakes Entrance Victoria'Dargo' Kalimna Jetty 1919? (on back)jetties, ships and shipping -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Coin, 1919
Coin, Farthing dated 1919. Obverse shows George V and reverse shows Britanniaflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, farthing, coin, british currency -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Second babies class, Nott Street State School, 1919
B&W photo of Nott St State School "Second babies" class 1919education - primary schools, nott street state school -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, List of Summary and Shares, 1919
Annual list of summary and shares for Commonwealth Potteries Pty Ltd. 23 Jan 1919.Annual list of summary and shares for Commonwealth Potteries Pty Ltd. 23 Jan 1919.Annual list of summary and shares for Commonwealth Potteries Pty Ltd. 23 Jan 1919.potteries, commonwealth pottery pty ltd -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Black and white photograph, Scout Hall Blackburn - Official Opening, 1919
Used by Robin Da Costa in 'Blackburn - a Picturesque History'Black and white photo of official opening of Scout Hall in Lake Road, Blackburn in 1919. blackburn scout hall, official opening, 1919 -
Brimbank City Council Art Collection
Photograph, Re-enactment of the Gallipoli Landings, 1919 (original)
Photographic re-enactment of the Gallipoli Landings , staged at Saltwater River Anzac Day 1919inscription along bottom of picture -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, Stan Smith c1916, 1916
Stan Smith, then of 3 Vincent Street, on his father’s horse in Mont Albert Road in about 1916. Mr Charles Smith was an insurance officer whose area was from Burke to Elgar Road; he used his phaeton for transport. Oral testimony - Stan Smith: “We had a stable for the horse near the house and a yard but we tethered the horse at the end of a long rope on paddocks in Empress Road- the area from Mont Albert Road to Guildford Road. We used to put in an iron peg. Some horses were tethered similarly in various paddocks but not a lot of people had horses by this time. A few cows grazed around them.” The picket fence on the left and the trees were those of ‘Monserrat’ – the Parer home, now entered from 26a Wandsworth Road as the Mont Albert Road frontage was sold off many years ago. A black and white photograph of a young boy on a horse. There are a number of well established trees in the background and a fence. The young boy is identified on the back of the small photograph as "Stan" on "Bob" the horse.On back of small photograph: "Stan on Bob / Mont Albert Rd / Surrey Hills 1916 / In front of / Mr Parers home"(mr) stan smith, vincent street, surrey hills, empress road, wandsworth road, house names, parer home, (mr) charles smith, 'monserrat' -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Medals 293 Hughie McLean, Early 21st century
293 Hughie McLean was a Victorian born in Tamagulla, Victoria. Hughie McLean was living in Adelaide when he enlisted on 30 June 1915 and joined 'K' Group Base Infantry. 293 Hughie McLean was subsequently posted to 32 Australian Infantry Battalion and Killed in Action in France on the 19 July 1916. 32 Australian Intantry Battalion was raised as part of the 8th Brigade at Mitcham, South Australia.293 Hughie McLean was a Victorian man who was living in Adelaide at the time of his enlistment 30 June 1915. He was Killed in Action on 19 July 1916 in France. 293 Hughie McLean's original Medals were forwarded to his brother Mr J W McLean on 22 July 1922.3 x Medals - 1914-1915 Star, British War Medal 1914-1918, Victory Medal 1914-1919 ReproductionsThe Medals are reproductions, there are no markings or names293 hughie mclean, 32 aust inf battalion, kia, france -
Bendigo Military Museum
Print - PRINT, FRAMED, WW1, Reader's Digest (Australia) Pty Limited, 2015
From information Book - "Readers Digest'/ Gallipoli/ 25th April 1915 - 9th January 1916/ Centenary Commemorative Prints." Collection of 20 prints. Refer Cat No. 7300.Framed print. Print - colour print on paper. MAP ANZAC - map scale 1:10,000 elevations in feet. Depicts the line of Australian and New Zealand Front Trenches. Intended as a working document. Frame - Black plastic framing with glass front and MDF board backing with adhered black paper.Details below print - in black ink. "GERALD R. CAMPBELL Anzac: Map of Gallipoli Peninsula, 1916"framed accessories, prints, ww1, gallipoli, centenary -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Photograph of unveiling ceremony for Soldiers' Memorial, Tarnagulla, Unveiling ceremony for Soldiers' Memorial, Tarnagulla, 8th November 1919
Murray Comrie Collection. The monument was created and erected by Mr. Barber of Dunolly in October 1919. It was unveiled by Brigadier General Brand C.B. C.M.G. D.S.O. at 2:30pm on Saturday November 8th, 1919. The Welcome Home Committee, formed 2nd July 1917, was largely responsible for commissioning the monument. Foundation members were Mrs. B. Patterson, Mrs J. Bock and the Misses P. Lemin, Violet Radnell, D. Dyer and Doris and Phoebe Bock. The Committee arranged 'Welcome Home' functions for each local soldier returning home after service in the First World War. Tarnagulla had a very large number of enlistments for its population. Angus M. Comrie is standing to the right of the Memorial with his daughter Mavis Comrie, and Nell Alexander. Mavis Comrie presented a new Union Jack flag to the Tarnagulla School on 25th July 1919 to commemorate Peace. Peace Medals were also distributed to the school students.Monochrome photograph depicting the unveiling ceremony for the Soldiers' Memorial monument in Tarnagulla, 1919. A large crowd is looking on, some spilling off the curb and onto the street, whilst several officials stand on a temporary platform. The obelisk monument is left of centre in the image. The Guard of Honour in uniform surrounding the forecourt are all returned soldiers from the Tarnagulla district. They were especially drawn together to form this Guard of Honour at the unveiling. Copy of an older original, Copy probably made in 1980s-90s. tarnagulla, war, military, service, soldiers, veterans, ww1, first world war, commemoration, school, war memorial, monument, comrie, radnell, lemin, dyer, patterson, alexander, bock, brigadier general brand -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Journal - John Creamer, Dairyfarmer, 1916 - 1942
Dairy farmers kept a journal to record their transactions and business on the farm. John Creamer's daughter Mary Cardwell has her father's journal covering the years 1916 to 1942.The journal was kept by local dairy farmer John Creamer who farmed at Gundowring in the Kiewa Valley. It consists of names of local people and is representative of the business (produce and life) on the dairy farm at the time.Photocopied A3 sized pages from John Creamer's dairy journal covering the years 1916-1942. The book has an alphabet index for people's names with details of their purchases (eg. mutton and potatoes) with the cost in pounds shillings and pence. Page 15 has the title "Sows When Due to Parrow" and lists the cows by name. Only pages 1 to 61 have been copied except for pages 39-41, 49, 54, 55. The rest has been digitised. See: KVHSs 1823 for digitised copydairy industry; creamer family; gundowring