This series of SS0380 photos are part of the "Eastland Litigation" launched in 1962 by the Whitehorse Traders Co-operative Association (WTCA), against the Ringwood Council's Interim Development Order of 1960. WTCA sought "orders from the Supreme Court of Victoria that the planning scheme was invalid" - See "The Eastland Litigation" chapter in "From Horse Shoes to High Heels - Ringwood Shopping Centre and Eastland 1858-2008" by Richard Carter, Bounce Books 2009.2xBlack and WHite PhotographsWritten on back of photograph 2838-1: 'Photo of the toilets in Civic Place, showing doors broken off. See pan exposed to public view'. Stamped on photograph, 'Edwin G. Adamson...May 62'. Written on back of photograph 2838-2: 'Photo of the toilets in Civic Place, showing doors broken off where pans slide into toilets. Pans open to air, flies, etc. Used by occupiers of 'The Block'. Stamped on photographs, 'In the Supreme Court 13 Aug 1963' and 'Edwin G. Adamson...May 63'.

This series of SS0380 photos are part of the "Eastland Litigation" launched in 1962 by the Whitehorse Traders Co-operative Association (WTCA), against the Ringwood Council's Interim Development Order of 1960. WTCA sought "orders from the Supreme Court of Victoria that the planning scheme was invalid" - See "The Eastland Litigation" chapter in "From Horse Shoes to High Heels - Ringwood Shopping Centre and Eastland 1858-2008" by Richard Carter, Bounce Books 2009.Black and White Photograph (2 copies)Written on back of photograph: "Photo showing buildings at rear of property, N.E. corner of Adelaide Street and Maroondah Highway". Stamps on back of photograph read, 'In the Supreme court, 13 Aug. 1963', and 'Edwin G. Adamson....May '63.'

trucks on their way to Melbourne, taken at the corner of Esplanade and Carpenter Streets Lakes Entrance. Second photo of Ashley Green, Mark Howard and Neil Rogan.Black and white photo of Timber Industry blockade Lakes Entrance Victoria. Plus another photo of Ashley Green, Mark Howard and Neil Reagan at blockade.education, timber industry, events

Hall designed by H G French erected by E Cowlishew, seated 350, lit with acetylene light, opened with a grand ball 26 September 1907. Later altered, bio-box added to show films. Hall was drastically altered in 1962, demolished 1998. New Civic Centre and library built on site.|This is the before paired photograph used in the 150 year Lakes Entrance 1858-2008 display.|The after paired photograph Number 02401.1 Also one 12 x 16 framed photograph used in room display.Black and white photograph of the timber Mechanics Hall. Building has gable roof, four ventilators and chimney, foyer at end of building has gable roof, steps leading to doors of foyer and main building. Many windows. Lakes Entrance VictoriaMechanics Hallhalls, room display, historic buildings

Note by T.H. Kneen 10 June 1992, "L-R: Peter Trudgeon (1963), Oliver Frost (1962), Robert G. Luff (Demonstrator), Thea Rimmer (1962), Lex Hodge (1962), Dianne Durrant (1962). Bob Luff was appointed to the Division of Agricultural Education in the Department of Agriculture, as Agricultural Education Officer and was seconded to Burnley while doing Dip. Ed. course. He was later appointed to a lecturing post at Longerenong Agricultural College and was foundation Principal of Glenormiston Agricultural College. He succeeded T.H. Kneen as Chief of Division of Ag. Ed. and in 1983 was appointed the first Director of the Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture."Black and white photograph. Demonstrator Robert G. Luff, showing students how to use Kipp's apparatus in a chemistry class in 1962On reverse, "Photograph by Publicity Branch Victorian Department Of Agriculture Ref. No. c.1695.G."students, chemistry, peter trudgeon, oliver frost, robert g. luff, demonstrator, thea rimmer, lex hodge, dianne durrant, agricultural education office, principal, glenormiston agricultural college, victorian college of agriculture and horticulture, vcah, students in class, kipp's apparatus, publicity, longerenong agricultural college

A C-clamp or G- clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work-piece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. These clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C shaped frame, but are otherwise often called G-clamps or G-cramps because including the screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter G. The fixed end is not adjustable so size is not variable. G-clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron, though smaller clamps may be made of pot metal. At the top of the "G" is usually a small flat edge. At the bottom is a threaded hole through which a large threaded screw protrudes. One end of this screw contains a flat edge of similar size to the one at the top of the frame, and the other end usually a small metal bar, perpendicular to the screw itself, which is used to gain leverage when tightening the clamp. When the clamp is completely closed, the flat end of the screw is in contact with the flat end on the frame When used some other object or objects will be contained between the top and bottom flat edges. A steel 'G' Clamp tools, g clamp, screws, steel, clamps, metalwork, woodwork, carpentry, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham

This book is a legal reference book used by the Bank of Australasia after 1900. The Bank of Australasia was incorporated by the Royal Charter of England in March 1834. The bank began in Australia on 14th December 1835, opening in Sydney. The Acting Superintendent of the bank at that time was David Charters McArthur. He was Superintendent from 1867-to 1876. The Melbourne branch opened on 28th August 1838 in a two-roomed brick cottage on the north side of Little Collins Street, where two huge mastiff dogs were used at night to guard the bank. The government also provided an armed military sentinel. Due to the bank's rapid growth, a new building for the Melbourne branch was opened in 1840 at 75 Collins Street West. By 1879 the bank had been upgraded to a magnificent two-storey building on the corners of Collins and Queens Streets, with the entry on Collins Street. In 1951 the Bank of Australasia amalgamated with the Union Bank to form the Australia and New Zealand Bank, now known as the ANZ. Then in 1970, the ANZ merged with both the ES&A and the London Bank of Australia to form the ANZ Banking Group Limited. The ANZ Banking Group Ltd kindly donated a variety of historic items from the Bank of Australasia. BANK of AUSTRALASIA, WARRNAMBOOL – In 1854 Warrnambool had two banks, the Union Bank and the Bank of Australasia. Later, completely different bank businesses opened; in 1867 the National Bank of Australasia, then in 1875 the Colonial Bank of Australasia. The original Warrnambool branch of the Bank of Australasia was established in July 1854, and operated from a leased cottage on Merri Street, close to Liebig Street. The bank later bought a stone building previously erected by drapers Cramond & Dickson on the corner of Timor and Gibson Streets. Samuel Hannaford was a teller and then Manager at the Warrnambool branch from 1855 to 1856 and the Warrnambool Council chose that bank for its dealings during 1856-57. In 1859 Roberts & Co. was awarded the contract to build the new Bank of Australasia branch for the sum of £3,000. The land was on a sand hill on the northeast corner of Timor and Kepler Streets and had been bought in 1855 from investor James Cust. The new building opened on May 21, 1860. The bank continued to operate there until 1951 when it merged with the Union Bank to form the ANZ Bank, which continued operating from its Liebig Street building. Warrnambool City Council purchased the former Bank of Australasia building in 1971 and renovated it, then on 3rd December 1973 it was officially opened as the Art Gallery by Cr. Harold Stephenson and Gallery Director John Welsh. The Gallery transferred to the purpose-built building in Liebig Street in 1986 and the old bank building is now the Gallery club. Staff at the Bank of Australasia in Warrnambool included the following men but others were also involved: Samuel Hannaford, Teller then Manager from 1855-1856; W H Palmer, Manager from January 1857 until November 1869 when the Teller Basil Spence was promoted to Manager; H B Chomley, Manager from April 1873 and still there in 1886; A Butt, Manager in 1895-1904; J R McCleary Accountant and Acting Manager for 12 months, until 1900; A Kirk, Manager 1904; J Moore, staff until his transfer to Bendigo in December 1908; J S Bath was Manager until 1915; C C Cox, Manager until April 1923; Richard C Stanley, Manager 1923 to April 1928. The book has historical significance as it is connected to the Bank of Australasia which was established in Australia in 1835 by Royal Charter during the early Colonial period of Australia's history. The book was used as a reference to financial law by the Bank. The book is significant for its association with the Bank of Australasia in Warrnambool, the first bank in Warrnambool, established in 1854. The bank continued to operate until its merger in 1951 when it became the ANZ Bank, which is still in operation today. The Bank was an integral part of the establishment and growth of commerce in Colonial Warrnambool and throughout Australia.Book, dark brown, hard-covers with embossed borders front and back. The title on the spine is embossed and gilt. Title: The Law and Practice of Banking in Australia and New Zealand Author: Edward B. Hamilton, B.A., Judge of County Courts, Victoria, assisted by J.G. Eagleson, B.A., LL.B, Barrister-at-Law Edition: Second Edition Publisher: Charles E. Maxwell, (G. Partridge & Co.), 458, Chancery Lane, London, Law Booksellers and Publishers, 1900. Published in Melbourne. Marked with purple oval stamp and pencil inscription.Text within oval stamp "THE BANK OF AUSTRALASIA LIMITED" Pencil, handwritten "L35"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, commerce, banking, bank of australasia, australia, financial law, legal reference, banking law, bank law, legal practice, edward b. hamilton, charles e. maxwell, banking practice, g. partridge & co

Photos of Legacy staff member Susie Howard visiting Mr Alf Young at the Australian Military Cemetery in St Marys Church yard, Harefield in UK. During World War 1 the Australian Auxiliary Hospital No.1 was stationed at Harefield Park in Harefield, UxBridge, Middlesex UK. 111 Australian soldiers and one nurse from the hospital are buried at St Mary's Church, Harefield. This became an Australian Military Cemetery with individual headstones and an obelisk and arch. The headstones which are of a scroll design unique amongst Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries were chosen by the staff and patients at the hospital. The arch was erected by the CWGC. Anzac Day services are held there and the local school became involved with the headmaster, Mr Jefferies, bringing the school children to lay flowers on every grave and attend the service on Anzac Day. This started in 1921 and has continued until at least 2021. One school child who attended was Mr Alf Young, he made contact with Legacy in the 1990s and sent photos of the Anzac Day Services and the cemetery. Legacy responded by sending Australian flags for the school children and also Legatee John Cohen met with Mr Young when in London. Melbourne Legacy staff member Susie Howard also visited Mr Young and the cemetery in 1995. Mr Young provided historical photos and information of the area to Legacy. He was featured in the widows' newsletter The Answer many times and his death was announced in The Answer in April 1997, he was 85. Many of the photos he provided were labelled as coming from Mr R G Neil, Photographic historian from Harefield. He holds copyright over those photos.A record that Legacy helped support remembrance of Anzac Day and fallen World War 1 soldiers in the UK.Colour photo x 5 of Susie Howard visit to the Australian Military Cemetery in Harefield UK and an article in The Answer.cemetery, harefield, alf young, memorial, susie howard, answer

Note written on account paper with R. G. Daniel, Tinsmith, Plumber, Gas Fitter, Bell Hanger, & c. Jun 23 7? CR I beg to tender an apology to ? Owing to business transactions. Signed R. G. Daniel.R. G. Danielsocieties, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no 3770 collection - memo, long gully post office store, r g daniel, welch

The Union commenced as the Australian Tramway Employees Association in 1910. Changed its name in 1934 to the "Aust Tramway & Motor Omnibus Employees Association" so as to incorporate bus drivers of motor omnibuses. Became part of the Rail Transport Bus Union in 1993. See reference. Union members were issued with badges to indicate their membership. They were permitted to be worn on their uniforms. See item 7087 for a non-Victorian version and 915 for another example.Demonstrates a badge issued to members of the ATMOEABadge - made on a brass/gold backing with painted enamel on the front. On the central portion of the badge, had the ATMOEA logo, with the words "Vic" with red enamel backing, and on the outer edge of the badge "Aust Tramway & Motor Omnibus Employees Association" with a royal blue background. On back of badge has clip for fitting through an opening on a jacket button hole or coat lapel. On top of back of badge has number stamped in "3104" and bottom words "K. G. Luke / Melb." indicating manufacture. The second badge, has a retaining pin clip and is numbered 5541. tramways, trams, badges, personnel, unions, atmoea, employees

Round silver MMTB Officers and Clerical Staff badge - stamped No. "865" and with raised writing "M&M Tramways Board" with a silver ring through the top of the badge, to allow it to be attached to a key ring. On rear has remains of "K. G. Luke Melb". Does not appear to have been used. 2nd copy added 1/12/2019 from - No. 632. Reference page 94/95 of Reg Item 13 Sections and Fares Book for 1975. .3 and .4 - additional copies ex Nos. 524 and 533. No steel ring.trams, tramways, badges, officers, mmtb, passes

Newington Hotel Darlington Road Applied for a transfer of his publican's license but did not make an appearance and the case was struck out. Later moved to Nhill.B/W weatherboard Hotel, Iron Roof. G Ridgewell on board. Man, lady and Child standing on verandah.G. Ridgewellbusinesses

Beni Carr Glyn Burnett (also known as B. C. G. Burnett or Beni Burnett) was born in 1889 to missionary parents in Mongolia. When he was 15 years old he began training as an architect with a firm in Shanghai. He worked in Singapore, Japan and China before moving to Australia around 1933. In 1937 he was appointed as the Commonwealth principal architect in the Northern Territory. He went on to design a series of houses for senior public servants and military personnel which became very popular as they were specifically designed for the tropics - incorporating louvres, high ceilings and good ventilation. When Darwin was bombed in February 1942, he was evacuated to Alice Springs where he continued to work as an architect. He also became a Magistrate and Coroner in Alice Springs. In later life he was well known for sketching clientele in public bars. He died in 1955. Beni Burnett was living in Sydney in 1933 when he produced these three artworks. There were several photography firms operating in Sydney at this time who specialised in photographing ships and the shipping trade (e.g. Samuel J. Hood and William James Hall) and whose photographs were used by artists to produce ship portraits. Both of these photographers took photographs of the two ships in B. C. G. Burnett's watercolours. The "Magdalene Vinnen" was photographed by Samuel J Hood in a series of photos taken in March 1933. It was a 4 masted steel barque, built in 1921 in Kiel, Germany and for almost 80 years was the largest traditional sailing ship in operation. It was used extensively as a cargo ship. It sailed into Sydney Harbour on 27th Feb 1933, loaded with almost 16,000 bales of wool destined for Falmouth, England. In March 1933 (whilst in Sydney) the German Republic flag (on orders from Adolph Hitler) was lowered and replaced with the old monarchist flag which was then to be the official flag and beside it the Nazi flag was to be flown on all ceremonial occasions. It visited Australia again in 1935 with its cargo being wheat from Port Broughton, S. A. In 1936 it was renamed "Kommodore Johnsen" and in 1945 (after WW2) the ship was awarded to the Soviet Union as war compensation and renamed "STS Sedov". The "Winterhude" (originally called "Mabel Rickmers) was a three masted Finnish barque built in 1898 by Rickers - Werft Bremerhaven for use on the East India rice trade and later the South American nitrate trade. After WW1 it came under French control as war compensation. It was also sold several times and at one stage was called "Selma Hemsoth" but in 1925 it was bought by Gustaf Erikson who restored the name "Winterhude" and the vessel became a regular transport in the Australian wheat trade. In 1944 it was sold to the German navy before being taken over by the British at the end of WW2. It was photographed in Sydney by William James Hall in 1931 on its way to Port Lincoln, South Australia to load wheat for Europe. The third ship depicted by B. C. G. Burnett is a pen and wash sketch labelled "The White Ship" and exactly matches a photograph pasted into his personal scrapbook which is in the "Library and Archives N. T.". The name of the ship is unknown and B. C. G. Burnett may have taken some artistic licence with the colouring as in the original photograph, the ship had a dark hull.This set of three small artworks is significant as examples of shipping (particularly the use of sailing ships) that were still being used as late as the 1930's in Australia. They are also important because their creator (B. C. G. Burnett) went on to become a well-known public figure in the Northern Territory in the late 1930's due to his innovative approach to designing homes for the tropical climate.A set of three artworks by B. C. G. Burnett of sailing ships in Sydney Harbour. They are all on rectangular watercolour paper with small diagonal edges at each corner. Painting 1 is a watercolour painting of a sailing ship called "Magdalene Vinnen". It shows a 4 masted barque with a blue and red steel hull in full sail heading towards the viewer. The painter's name (B. C. G. Burnett) and date (1933) are written on the bottom left-hand corner of the painting. Painting 2 is a watercolour painting of a sailing ship called "Winterhude". It shows a 3-masted barque with a blue and red steel hull in full sail heading away from the viewer. A small figure can be seen at the wheel at the rear of the ship. The painter's name (B. C. G. Burnett) and date (1933) are written on the bottom left-hand corner of the painting. Sketch 3 is an ink sketch of an unknown sailing ship moored to a dock. There are several small boats tied up near the sailing ship and a large steel freighter can be seen in the background. There is a faint wash of colour on parts of the sketch - the bottom of the ship, the masts and booms and the water at the end of the pier. The title (The White Ship) and the artist's name (B. C. G. Burnett) are written in ink in the top left corner. 1 (front) - "B. C. G. BURNETT. 1933 2 (front) - "B. C. G. BURNETT. 1933" 3 (front) - "THE WHITE SHIP / B. C. G. BURNETT"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, sailing ships, ships, barque, magdalene vinnen, winterhude, beni carr glyn burnett, b. c. g. burnett, beni burnett, painting, watercolour painting, sketch, ink sketch, sydney harbour, architect, darwin, burnett house, photography, samuel j. hood, william james hall, sedov, kommodore johnsen, mabel rickmers

Legal document within a light brown manila document titled "Kew City Council Advance to Trust" dated 31/7/1914 between the PMTT and the constituent cities for a loan by the city to the Trust, comprising 8 sheets bound together in a pre-printed document with the signatures and seals of each council and the PMTT including various schedules outlying payment dates, previous documents. Document prepared by G. Lindsay Skinner & Co. Solicitors and printed by Harston Partridge & Co. Printers of Melbourne. A typed folio sheet, carbon copy listing debentures, payment dates, interest payable and sinking funds.trams, tramways, pmtt, finances, city of prahran, city of malvern, city of st kilda, city of caulfield, city of hawthorn, city of kew

The photograph shows a cable tram set with trailer 44 at the Bridge Road Richmond terminus. The S McIntosh's Bridge Hotel is in the background, along with four shops including the Oriental Cafe for Tea and Grills. It would appear that the gripman is ready to leave though a male passenger seems to be hurrying forward to catch the tram. The typed caption records that the dummy is No. 12, the photograph is dated Jan. 1924 and notes the slotted depot lead out track in the foreground. Also discusses the ventilator cones on the grip car, following the installation of electric lights. Photo by A G Renwick. Second print, would have been the original view from which the first one has been taken from.Yields information about the Bridge Road Richmond terminus Jan. 1924Black and white photo with a typed caption attached. Second image - a vertical photo with notes on the rear.See second image. In pencil "163" in top right hand corner and "cable, Bridge Rd line"tramcars, tramways, cable trams, richmond, bridge road, tram 44, tram 12

Sent as a Christmas card by T. & G. Thornton in 1941.A very small photograph which has been made into a plain, beige-coloured card with cut decorative edge and printed borders around edge of card and edge of photograph. The photograph shows Linton Post Office and Bank of New South Wales. A car (1940s or 1950s Holden?) is parked in Sussex Street outside the bank building. The words "A View at Linton" are printed on the front of the card underneath the photograph. A paper insert in the card has printed on one half: "May all the joys of an old-time Christmas be yours, and may the New Year be a happy one". Part of the other half of the paper insert has been cut away, but on the part that remains is the inscription: "from Tom & G. Thornton / Xmas 1941".On paper insert: "From Tom and G Thornton-Xmas 1941".tom thornton, g. thornton, linton post office, bank of new south wales linton, greeting cards, christmas cards

Photograph shows Pengelly built tram No. 18 at the intersection of Pakington and Aphrasia Streets Geelong. The tram has the destination of Chilwell. On the left is the Chilwell Newtown fire station and the Municipal Hall. Photo taken in 1955.Yields information about Geelong tram 18 and the intersection of Pakington and Aphrasia St.Black and White photograph with details on rearTyped lable on rear "One of the Pengelley built cars of 1924-25. The sister tram of the one illustrated here has been preserved by the Tramway Museum Society of Victoria." and a stamp in the bottom left hand corner "WELT Collection, A G Culpeffer Cooke Victoria Australia, Ref 8B, Date 1955"trams, tramways, geelong, tram 18, chillwell, pakington st, aphrasia st

These binoculars belonged to Lieutenant Thomas Spencer Howard, 8th Australian Light Horse Regiment. Howard was killed in action in the charge at the Nek, Gallipoli peninsula, on 7 August 1915. Howard was a 25-year-old grain dealer from Melbourne when he enlisted in the AIF and was appointed a lieutenant in the 8th ALH on 24 October 1914. He had pre-World War One service with 10th Light Horse (VMR), 11th & 29th Light Horse Regiments. Prior to sailing he was presented with these binoculars: “Lieut TS Howard 8th LH, 3rd Aust Imp Exped’y Force, From Chief and Staff of J.F.C. Jan 1915”. They were returned, together with his spurs, to his family following his death. Metal binoculars with leather case with metal presentation plaque on inside flap lid. Lieut TS Howard 8th LH, 3rd Aust Imp Exped’y Force, From Chief and Staff of J.F.C. Jan 1915howard, light horse, 8th, gallipoli, binoculars, wwi, world war one, nek

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. SmithNo. of volumes: 185 Volume range: 1878-2008 Missing volumes: 1881-1883 & 1891 Previous titles include: Victorian law reports Victorian law times Wyatt & Webb's law reports Wyatt, Webb & A'Beckett's law reports A'Beckett's reserved Williams practice Also includes: 1861-1996 Consolidated index : A-H 1861-1996 Consolidated index : I-Z 1861-1996 Consolidated tables Consolidated index and tables of cases 1966-1973 together with Victorian Statutes annotations 1968-1973 : cumulative supplement Cumulative supplement index and tables : 1997 - 2000 & 1997 - Vol. 5 & 1997 - Vol. 10 Editors: Webb, G. H. F. (1878-1886) Davis, P. S. (1886-1887) Burnett Box, J. (1888-1905) Moule, W. H. (1905-1906) Duffy, F. G. (1907-1913) Davis, A. H. (1913-1928) Richardson, J. A. (1929-1936) Joske, P. E. (1936-1956) Anderson, K. (1956-1969) Fogarty, J. F. (1969-1975) Archibald, A. C. (1976-1982) Karkar, J. H. (1982-1994) Pearce, M. R. (1995-2002) Tracey, R. R. S. (2002-2005) MacLean, D. M. (2005-2007) Maker, L. W. (2006-2008)ISSN: 00425214law reports; digests; etc -- victoria

B&W Class photo in front of Winngton Grammar School, 35 Ringwood St, Ringwood.On separate handwritten note: (Left to Right) 2nd Row: Alice Astee, Joan Miles, ? , ? , ? , Edith Blood (Gluth)

Colourised Class photo of School Group, Winnington Grammar School, 35 Ringwood St, Ringwood. Undated but donor identified as "early 1930's"Below Photograph: Margaret Barrett Ringwood On Reverse: Margaret Barrett, Surbiton, Warrandyte Rd, Ringwood, written over photographer's stamp (G.E.Hains)

Marching On - The Bendigo Regiments and Companies 1858 - 1988. From Preface: This book is a brief outline of the history of the numerous military companies and battalions from 1958 to 1988. This book should fill a gap in the military events of Bendigo.Soft cardboard cover. Black / white print on front, spine & back. Brownish yellow background colour, illustrated with black / white photos. On the front soldiers are marching with buildings in the background. On the back is a half portrait of 3 men in uniform. 194 cut, plain, white, pages. Illustrations &black / white photos.Handwritten in blue ink on title page: “W Thomason”book, bendigo, regiments, companies

4 page buff paper Annual Report. Includes Growth of the School, Activities, Parents' Association Activities, Staff, Studies, Donations and Prize ListR.S. Stiebel, Principal

This extract concentrates on buildings and life styles. It is a lively introduction to the methodology of historical research, written by historians for local history enthusiasts. Ways of tracing the history of buildings is discussed in detail, and likely sources identified.This extract concentrates on buildings and life styles. It is a lively introduction to the methodology of historical research, written by historians for local history enthusiasts. Ways of tracing the history of buildings is discussed in detail, and likely sources identified.buildings, structures and establishments, architectural styles, architecture - domestic

Bootmaking is a complex process requiring a variety of tools. The leather is cut to shape, glazed & burnished (polished) with heated irons. The pieces are stretched onto, & nailed to, a wooden last to form the boot. Once attached to the insole, the boot is finished on a metal last. Uppers are stitched with waxed thread through holes made with an awl. Heels comprise pieces nailed together & neatened with a heel shave. Metal plates, short nails or hob nails driven into the sole & heel, often in a pattern, improved durability.Cast Iron ball and ring bunion stretcher.boot stretchers