On the 19 February 1942, 242 Japanese aircraft, in two separate raids, attacked the town of Darwin, ships in the harbour and the town's two airfields in an attempt to prevent the Allies from using them as bases to contest the invasion of Timor and Java during World War II. Darwin was lightly defended, relative to the size of the attack, and the Japanese inflicted heavy losses upon Allied forces at little cost to themselves. The two Japanese air raids were the first, and largest, of more than 100 air raids against Australia during 1942–43.The Bombing of Darwin, also known as the Battle of Darwin, on 19 February 1942 was the largest single attack ever mounted by a foreign power on Australia. The urban areas of Darwin also suffered damage from the raids and there were a number of civilian casualties. As a result more than half of Darwin's civilian population left the area permanently, before or immediately after the attack. Timber framed containing coloured print of planes depicting the bombing of Darwin Harbour. Gold metal plaque - BOMBS OVER DARWIN Presented to Wangaratta RSL Limited Edition Print 234/1800 by James Baineswwii, bombing of darwin, battle of darwin

Bridge over Wimmera River at Glenorchy. Church in background on right is the former Presbyterian now United Church. Original photograph taken by Charles Nettleton.Black & white photograph of a timber lined water body with bridge and building in the background. water

Colour Photo of Dunmunkle Creek originally connected to Wimmera River at this point. Just before the Glenorchy Weir. 2017Colour photograph of what looks to be a dry creek bed. Timber on creek bank. Dunmunkle Creek originally connected to Wimmera River at this point. Just before the Glenorchy Weir (Photo taken 2017) water

The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. No. 243 Squadron was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force. Originally formed in August 1918 from two flights that had been part of the Royal Naval Air Service, the squadron conducted anti-submarine patrols during the final stages of World War I. The squadron was later re-raised during World War II, operating initially as a fighter squadron in Malaya and Singapore during 1941–42. It was briefly disbanded just prior to the fall of Singapore, and was re-formed in mid-1942, again as a fighter squadron, and fought in the Tunisian and Italian campaigns in 1942–44, before being disbanded in October 1944. In 1945, after training on transport aircraft in Canada, the squadron moved to Australia where it operated in support of the British Pacific Fleet before disbanding in mid-1946 Spitfire, also called Supermarine Spitfire, the most widely produced and strategically important British single-seat fighter of World War II. The Spitfire, renowned for winning victory laurels in the Battle of Britain (1940–41) along with the Hawker Hurricane, served in every theatre of the war and was produced in more variants than any other British aircraft.Brown timber frame with white mount containing photograph of fighter plane in sky.Spitfire by Barrie A F Clark (signed) Vickers Supermarine Spitfire Mk VB of 243 Squadron Royal Air Force 243 squadron royal air force, spitfire

April 30 1998, marked the transition from the New Zealand led Truce Monitoring Group (TMG), OP BEL ISI (I), to the Australian led Peace Monitoring Group (PMG) and the beginning of OP BEL ISI (II). The transition occurred following the signing of the Ceasefire Agreement in the Arawa township on Bougainville Island earlier that day. The PMG consisted of about 100 people from Australia, NZ, Fiji and Vanuatu. F324093 WO2 Cheryl A Frawley was a member of OP BEL ISI II serving between 27 May and 8 0ctober 1999 Brown timber frame with green mount containing six photographs and yellow brassardF324093 WO2 C A Frawley OP Belisi II 27 May 1999 - 8 0ct 1999op belisi ii, wo2 frawley

Representative samples of fuel such as bark, leaves, twigs etc were minced and the moisture measured The availability of fuel to burn depends largely on its moisture content. When it exceeds 20-25% not much will burn, whereas 12-15% is generally ideal for fuel reduction burning, but if the moisture content drops as low as 7-10% virtually everything will ignite, and fire behaviour becomes extreme. During the afternoon of the Ash Wednesday bushfires on 16 February 1983 fuel moisture contents were recorded at Stawell as low as 2.7%. Fine fuels like leaves and bark can rapidly absorb moisture after a shower of rain, or from the air when the Relative Humidity (RH) is high, and the temperature is low. Conversely, they can also dry out very quickly. So even though the overall fuel quantity in the forest doesn’t change, the fine fuel availability can increase rapidly from zero after rain to many tonnes per hectare as the fuel dries out. This can happen over a few hours on hot and windy days. Heavy fuels like logs on the ground take longer to dry out. Adaption of a timber moisture meter made by the FCV radio lab to measure fuelforests commission victoria (fcv), bushfire, forest measurement

John Nunn was one of the earliest brickmakers on record in Ballarat and has a road named for him - Nunn Street - where he resided..1) An oblong-shaped timber box open at top. Only butt joints are used. Iron strapping wraps around the vertical pieces of timber and across the top edge of the box. The longest pieces of vertical timber protrude past the end and are shaped like solid handles - one is broken. On each end piece there are small, blank iron plates held with screws. The base piece of timber is made from two different width weatherboard-style timbers. The nails in the base piece appear to be hand-made. Remnants of clay still line the interior. .2) Light brown brick. Please note: Brick mould and brick may be from different sources..1) Handwritten (possibly in ink) on one long side: MR H. G. SMITH ...(illegible) Ballarat .2) Imprinted: J. NUNNjohn nunn, j nunn, brick, mould, brick mould, industrial mould, brickmaker, ballarat, clay, ceramics

This ship model is of the sailing brigantine MARY CAMPBELL, which once belonged to Captain James Arthur Robilliard. The model was made by Harry McKenna, a well-known ship model maker and Warrnambool resident. CAPTAIN ROBILLIARD James Arthur Robilliard, sea captain and tent maker, was born in 19th April 1843 in St. Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands. He trained there in his father’s sail loft as a sail maker. He later became a skipper. His first job as a sailor was achieved in Liverpool, England. In 1875 James Robilliard migrated to Australia as mate on the “E.M. Young”. Captain Robilliard and his family were amongst the early settlers along the Curdies River in the Heytesbury district. In 1877 he became a Captain. On 14th November 1879 Captain Robilliard married Helen Beckett. James and Helen had ten children; James Arthur (Jnr), Henry William, Nellie Jessie, Alfred Albert, Rubena Nellie, De Jersy Norman, Clifford Beckett, Olive Ida, Frances Ridley Havergal and Nellie Elvie, all born in Victoria. THE MARY CAMPBELL The ship “Mary Campbell” was built by Alexander Newton Jnr. She was carvel planked, of iron bark and blue gum timber. The family shipyard was at Pelican, on the Manning River, NSW, and “Mary Campbell” was first launched by her builder in 1869 as “The Son”. Three months later she was renamed “Mary Campbell’ by her purchaser J. Campbell in Sydney. She was used to carry equipment for the Sydney Sugar Refinery’s Mill in Southgate, NSW. She then traded for the next 20 years between Australian ports and rivers along the east coast as well as regular ports in New Zealand. She was “recognised as one of the best carrying little vessels in the timber trade” (Sydney Morning Herald). She had several owners over this time, the last one being Captain James A. Robilliard. On 29th April 1889 “Mary Campbell”, in the charge of her owner, Captain James A Robilliard, was on her way from Clarence River, NSW to Melbourne, Victoria with a cargo of railway girders for the Melbourne Harbour Trust. Captain Robilliard encountered a storm off Port Macquarie. He sailed the vessel south to 25 miles (about 40km) east of Cape Hawke, near Tuncurry and Forster. At 7pm, he discovered that the cargo had shifted during the stormy seas and the heavy girders had damaged the hull, causing a leak. The pumps were inadequate to stem the fast flowing leak and over a meter of water filled the hull during the next 2 hours. Some of the crew began throwing the cargo overboard to lighten the vessel, hoping to keep it afloat until daylight. When the water reached over 2 meters in the hull they realised their efforts were in vain. At 1:30am on 30th April 1889 the crew left the vessel. They stood by in the lifeboat until 3am. The ship was sinking fast, so they left for the shore, looking for a safe place to beach their boat. While still miles off Cape Hawke all 7 crew members, including the Captain, were rescued by the Government Tug “Rhea” and taken to Port Macquarie hospital then returned to Sydney in the “Wellington”. Captain Robilliard managed to rescue his ship’s compass but no cargo was saved from the vessel. It had been under-insured, only covered for half its value, due to lack of funds. Many years later, in 1976, an anchor was caught up in the net of a trawler south of Forster and thought to be from the “Mary Campbell”. It was donated and installed in the Great Lakes Museum, Tuncurry, NSW. (The same museum also has a half-model of the hull of “Mary Campbell”.) The name of the last ship Captain Robilliard sailed is currently unknown, however he sailed that ship from the port of Marlborough, Queensland, carting steel railway girders for the Geelong-to-Camperdown line. On one trip it hit a storm, the cargo shifted and the ship was wrecked along the NSW coast. After this, Captain Robilliard exchanged sea life for farming in Peterborough. In about 1897, verging on retirement, Capt. Robiilliard superintended the Melbourne Sailors’ Home in Spencer Street, Melbourne, before being asked to leave this position in 1902 for trying to shut down the local hotel! At this time the Melbourne Sailors’ Home was about to change its location. On 6th May 1917 Captain James Arthur Robilliard J.P. died at Blackwood Park, in the Cobden district of Brucknell, which is now considered the first official Robilliard family homestead in Australia. He was buried in the Melbourne General Cemetery, Victoria. His wife Helen passed away in 1947. The Becket and Robilliard family names continue to be well known in the Western District Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village also has a ship’s compass in the collection that was also owned by Capt. J. Robilliard and was used on the ship Mary Campbell.This ship model of the MARY CAMPBELL is of local significance for its association with well known Warrnambool resident and ship model maker. The model is also significant for its association with the brigantine MARY CAMPBELL, a trading vessel that brought railway girders to the Melbourne Harbour Trust.Ship model "Mary Campbell", a two-masted vessel with black hull, brown masts and black rigging. In glass case with timber frame painted green. Painted on the bow in white “MARY CAMPBELL” Gold label with black print attached to display case “MODEL BY THE LATE HARRY McKENNA OF WARRNAMBOOL”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, marine artwork, model making, captain james arthur robilliard, j.a. robilliard, vessel mary campbell, ship mary campbell, melbourne sailors home, vessels, harry mckenna

Written on back of photograph, "E655. 18/1/82. Removing the soil that was under Ringwood Timber offices. Corner of New and Seymour Streets."

View from Loughnan's Hill looking south east - 1946. Written on back of photograph, "Smoke on left from Bamford's Timber Yard".

The Grinton Collection. The lady is believed to be a Grinton relative. Jack Grinton. Refer Cat No. 1280 for his service history.Photograph - framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicts an informal half portrait of an elderly woman. Background exterior wall of a timber building. Frame - timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 6: Life after 1919". "I. Grinton relative". framed accessories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton

The Grinton Collection. Unknown 38th Bn soldiers at this point. Refer Cat No. 1280 for Jack Grintons service history.Photograph - framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicts three men (soldiers) seated at a table, playing cards, inside a timber barracks. Frame - timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 1: Living behind the lines". :1. Game of Cards".framed accessories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton

"Instrument of surrender/ of/ Japanese forces in New Guinea, New Britain/ New Ireland, Bougainville/ and adjacent Islands". Signed by "COMMANDER IN CHIEF/ JAPANESE IMPERIAL SOUTHEASTERN ARMY LIEUTENANT GENERAL/ GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING/ FIRST AUSTRALIAN ARMY".Document - white colour paper, copy of original document. Black ink print with clear plastic laminate applied. Frame - timber, light brown colour varnish, decorative moulding. No glass front. Backing - timber plywood.framed accessories, document', ww2, japanese surrender

Fernbank Hotel built 1885, this drawing appears to be an advertisement for the hotel. Fernbank Hotel Catherine Gray Proprietor CunninghameBlack and white photograph of a sketch of Fernbank Hotel, showing small timber building, veranda on front and side, timber jetty at edge of lake, rowing boat at shoreline, steamer with letters JCD on bow. Lakes Entrance Victoriaguesthouses, waterfront, tourism, boats and boating

Stereo-graphs were popular 1850 - 1930 Most stereoscopic methods present two offset images separately to the left and right eye of the viewer. Stereo-graphs feature two photographs or printed images positioned side by side about two and half inches apart, one for the left eye and one for the right. When a viewer uses a stereoscope, a device for viewing stereo-graphs, the two-dimensional images are combined by the brain to give the perception of 3D depth. The London Stereoscopic Company quickly developed technologies for mass - producing stereo-graphs; and between 1854 and 1856 the company sold over half a million stereo-graphs. Small, hand-held metal and timber steroeographic view-finder. The metal goggles are engraved with a free-flowing design. The rim of the goggles are covered in red velvet. A timber handle is attached with a metal hinge to the timber extension that has a wire frame to hold the stereo photographs. The streographic photos comprise 2 identical black and white photos mounted, side by side on brown card.Photocards 'ROSE'stereographs, stereoscopes, photographs, view-finder, wheatstone charles, london, moorabbin, melbourne, bentleigh, early settlers, market gardeners, entertainment, stereograph cards

Business card for a local timber merchant, Rex Paine Timber and Hardware, at 8 Watsonia Road Watsonia.Business card, white card with brown text.rex paine timber and hardware, watsonia road watsonia

The Grinton Collection. Troops playing games on deck of the Karmala. Refer Cat No, 1280 for Jack Grintons service details.Photograph framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicting a number of soldiers sitting on a timber deck playing a game. Slatted wall behind soldiers. Frame - Timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 5 : Quota 45 - Journey Home." "D. Soldiers playing a game."framed accessories, camera on the somme, 38th bn, ww1, hmat karmala

The Grinton Collection. Three unidentified 38th Bn Soldiers at this point. Refer Cat No. 1280 for Jack Grintons service details.Photograph framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicting an informal full-length portrait of three soldiers standing below and in doorway of a timber bulding. Frame - timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 4: Portraiture and Remembrance". "J. Three 38th Battalion soldiers".framed accessories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton

The Grinton Collection. Jack Grinton. Refer Cat No. 1280 for his service history.Photograph - framed. Photograph - black and white photograph on paper depicts a large informal group of soldiers walking along a timber pier with ships moored alongside. Frame - timber, light varnish finish, Perspex front, cardboard backing."Group 5: Quota 45 - Journey Home." "L. On the pier".framed accessories, camera on the somme, ww1, 38th bn, grinton, hmat karmala

Photo Herbert Booker FIELD as a Senior Cadet prior to WWI, he had 4 years in Senior Cadets. Herbert enlisted in the AIF on 26.6.1917 age 18 years in the 25th Reinforcements 14th Bn No 7596, embarked for England 21.11.1917, disembark 5.1.1918, attends 4th Div Signal School, embarks for France 29.7.1918 to reinforce 13th Bn, RTA 1.11.1919, discharged from the AIF 14.1.1920. He enlists in the CMF on 3.5.1939 No V1629, appointed Lt 3.12.1937, transfers to the 2nd AIF 10.9.1942 as VX104280, joins the Interim Army 1.7.1947 till 7.6.1948, appointment terminated with the rank of Lt Col. Awarded the "Efficiency Decoration"Frame, brown stained timber with gold inner edge also decorated with copper wire. Timber mount with glass. Photo, black & white of a soldier in uniform, half portrait of H B FIELD. He is in his Cadets uniform. Handwritten in blue ink on brown paper on back of frame: “Mrs J E McCrystal” In Red ink: “Prior to enlisting WWI Senior Cadets 2nd Lt 67B. 1st AIF HB FIELD PTE 7596 13th Aust Inf Btn. 2nd AIF VX104280 HQ 8th Command Quartermaster General (not in notes) On white label: "H B FIELD As a Senior Cadet prior to WWI. No 7596 13th Batt AIF' No VX104280 2nd AIF. Donated by Mrs J E McCrystal"photography-photographs, frame accessories, cadets, 67th

Solid timber & metal Set Square Dark timber and brass short leg, and steeel wide larger leg Marked "A. Pittock"and "P"one side; with five impressions of "P" on opposite side Steel blade slightly sustedsnil

Slide, Allan Budge Collection: house, Queen Street.Verandah friezes in timber. One of a pair. Timber frieze.The gable treatment gives relief to another dull appearance.(Note: Fluted concrete verandah columns are almost certainly not original.)house, public, allan budge collection:, allan budge collection:

An inclinometer measures the angle of inclination of a vessel or aircraft to the horizontalTimber and brass inclinometer from the M.V. Australian Explorer. Triangular timber shape with curved base. Brass measuring plate with measurements from 0-40 degrees on each side. Brass pointer indicates angle of inclination of vessel. 'EIWA' label on front. '87-156' inscribed in pen on back and underside. navigational instruments, australian explorer

Photo appeared in Lakes Post 12 January 2000Colour photograph of Gippsland Ports facility at Eastern Wharf. Timber fishing vessel Maramingo on slips, timber shed on land nearby, rock wall at edge of waterway, three fishing vessels in Cunninghame Arm. Lakes Entrance Victoriaships and shipping, fishing industry

Original name of dwelling 'Nithsdale' retained by present owners.Colour photograph of a timber dwelling at 357 Lakes Tyers Beach Road, with corrugated iron hipped roof, decorative timber frieze under veranda, bay window on front room, painted heritage colour. Lake Tyers Victoriahouses, architecture

Freeman family home originally situated on south side of Gray Street, western corner of lane. Relocated to Bulmer Street after Arceris bought site and extended the general store.Colour photograph of a timber dwelling at 10 Bulmer Street, which has gable roof, bay window in one front room, gable roof veranda over front entry. Timber picket fence. Lakes Entrance Victoriahouses, heritage study

Probably taken 1890's before Orbost was separated from Tambo. The Shire of Tambo was a local government area about 320 kilometres east of Melbourne. The shire covered an area of 3,506.86 square kilometres and existed from 1882 until 1994. Tambo was first incorporated as a shire on 6 January 1882, splitting away from the Shire of Bairnsdale. On 30 May 1892 it lost three-quarters of its land area when the Shire of Orbost was incorporated. A small amount was re-annexed as Cunninghame Riding on 3 January 1913. On 2 December 1994, the Shire was abolished, and merged with the City and Shire of Bairnsdale, Shire of Orbost, most of the Shire of Omeo and the Boole Boole Peninsula from Shire of Rosedale into the Shire of East Gippsland. ( more information Newsletter July 2010). This photograph is of Tambo Shire Council meeting at Faithful's Hotel, Nowa Nowa. It includes Snowy River Riding councillors. Mary Stirling, wife of Shire Secretary Thomas Telfer Stirling, took over the Nowa Nowa Hotel from Moses Faithful in 1895. Photograph includes: John Butter BESLEY, John William BORLAND, Charles Begg IRVINE, William J. LAMBOURN, James LARKIN, Ronald McDOUGALL, Donald McRAE, William ROADKNIGHT jnr., David WILLIAMS, James CAMERON, Charles Henry GROVE. (info. John Phillips) This item is associated with the Tambo Shire Council, a local government which no longer exists.A black / white photograph of a group of men standing in a line outside a large timber building.on back - "Tambo Shire Council . Meeting at Nowa Nowa - Stirling's Hotel"tambo-shire-council faithful's-hotel-nowa-nowa local-government

Tourists sampling the life of a timber town Negative Black white Scanned at 600 dpitourists sample timber town life passengers bump top story 17

Timber ruler with black imperial measurements stamped in black ink along one side."Commonwealth of Australia" stamped red ink word "RULEX" printed over map of Australia stamped in red ink. "A FLIGHT NO. 12, SQDN DARWIN 1939" handwritten in blue ink.education, ruler