Copy of an article from the Bendigo Weekly titled Discover Bendigo The Mine Flooding Crisis - Finale of the Victoria Quartz by James Lerk. The lack of suitable machinery, insufficient knowledge of where the water was coming from, need for Government support, and the pegged price of gold, all contributed to the cessation of deep mining. The Victoria Quartz decided to allow tributers for work the upper levels. By 1913, the Company found it uneconomic to allow the tributers to continue working the upper levels and the poppet head and machinery were sold. During the Great Depression Ernest Smith, Davic Holden, Jack Harrison and David Patullo worked above the water line and did well enough to help their families from the worst effects of the Great Depression. Later Dave Patullo continued to work at the Victoria Quartz while the other three obtained employment in other mines. The article has a photo of David Patullo.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - the mine flooding crisis - finale of the victoria quartz, bendigo weekly, james lerk, victoria quartz mine, brough smyth, bendigo advertiser, victoria quartz company, great depression, ernest smith, david holden, jack harrison, david patullo, government battery eaglehawk

Three pages of History of the Field, A Brief History of Mining in Bendigo. The history starts in 1851 when gold was discovered along the Bendigo Creek to 1992 when Bendigo Mining NL purchased the licences and infrastructure from WMC. There are four small photos: Two men working a puddling machine; Victoria Hill - 1850's Open Cut; Victoria Hill Quartz Mine, and the Central Deborah Mine. There is also a web address in the top right corner.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - history of the field (gold), mrs margaret kennedy, mrs farrell, edward nucella emmett, cave and amos, victoria quartz, new chum railway, bendigo amalgamated gold mies, bendigo mines ltd, deborah mines, william burrell, wmc, williams united, charshalton, bendigo mining nl, new bendigo project, trevor clark, shelley saunders, peter wiseman, new bendigo - 10 million ounces of gold

Copy of a newspaper article titled Colonial Bendigo on display. Date written at the top of the page Dec 1 - 1984. Article mentions an exhibition organised by the Bendigo Art Gallery of the early photographers on the gold field. Wet plate photography was used. Other mediums were also used such as engraving, artists drawings, lithography, water colours and diorama. Artists mentioned are George Rowe, S T Gill, Alex Fox, Nicholas Caire, Wet Plate Photography, Thomas Ham, Edwin Stocqueler and Ludwig Becker. There is also a photo by Nicholas Caire, taken 1875. showing the excavation of quartz reef and mine buildings near Iron bark Hill.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - community focus - colonial bendigo on display, bendigo art gallery, george rowe, s t gill, alex fox, nicholas caire, wet plate photography, thomas ham, edwin stocqueler, the advertiser, ludwig becker, burke and wills expedition, mine buildings near ironbark hill, victoria hill

Article titled The Bendigo Post Office, compiled by L C Bennetts. Mentioned is the history of the Bendigo Post Office and postmarks, some information on mining, Bendigo foundries, Underground connections of mines, expenses and shaft sinking costs. Also mentioned is Bendigo and Eaglehawk - 60 years ago and the role the pubs played in daily living. They were where theatres, concerts and dances were held, and the meeting rooms for clubs and lodges, even church benefits. Listed is a number of Bendigo hotels. Some even had a few names. Names of the pubs are: The Freemasons, The Courthouse, The Commercial Law Courts, The Hamburg, The European, The Prince Bismark, The Lord Kitchener, The Bendigo, The Rosalind Park, The Showgrounds, Atheneum Club, Olivers, Bridge Hotel, Bourkes, The Globe, The Hibernia, Albert, Albion, Abbotts, Australian, Belvidere, Beehive, British Queen, Black Eagle, British and American, Brian Boru, Bakers Arms, Butchers Arms, Brick Layers Arms, Bull and Mouth, Cresent, Clarence, Back Creek Bridge, Cape Clear, Crooked Billet, Cambridgeshire Arms, Camp, Coach and Horses, Cricketers Arms, Diggers Rest, Ellesmere, Five Lions, Franklyn, Golden Square, Golden Gate, Golden Gully, Golden Age, Golden Vine, Gumtree, Glasgow Reef, Great Britain, Haymarket, Daniel O'Connell, Half Way House, Fleece Inn, Ironbark, Johnsons Reef, Lancashire, Live and Let Live, Manchester Arms, Gold Mines, Metropolitan, Crown, National, New Chum, Honeysuckle Street, Pavilion, Napier Arms, Quartz Miners Arms, Retreat Inn, Rainbow, Rose of Australia, Lake View, Robin Hood, Fountain, Southern Cross, Bath, Berlin, Spring Gully, Star, Sir Charles Hotham, Silvermines, Royal Oak, Suburban, Town Hall, Temperance, Ship Inn, View Point, View Bend, Victoria, Exchange, American, Arcade, Belfast, All Nations, Union, United Kingdom, Union Jack, Westend, Washington, Waterloo, Wellington, Whitehorse, Wheat Sheaf, Yorkshire, Niagra and Noahs Ark.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - the bendigo post office, l c bennetts, mt alexander post office, porcupine inn, cenotaph, pike or pyke, baby health centre, sandhurst post office, government survey office, queen elizabeth oval, sandhurst trustees company, mr h b briston, savings bank, telegraph office, the sub-treasury, sir henry brougham lock kcb, sir john nimmo mla, prince of wales group of mines, the new prince of wales, eaglehawk golf links, new prince of wales no 2, the whip and jersey, mines department, lansell's big 180, new chum and victoria mine and battery, new chum railway, koch's pioneer, south new moon, catherine reef united, new moon, the virginia, south bell vue, central nell gwynne, north nell gwynne, miner's phthisis, hercules engine house, ironbark, new chum syncline, hercules energetic, roberts & sons, harkness & co, horwoods, great southern, ulster, carlisle, lansells big 180, victoria quartz, new st mungo, duchess tribute, south devonshire, hopewell mine, saxby mine, mcnair & co, shamrock, mr king, burke and wills expedition, sandhurst hotel, courthouse, hiberian, the freemasons, the courthouse, the commercial law courts, the hamburg, the european, the prince bismark, the lord kitchener, the bendigo, the rosalind park, the showgrounds, atheneum club, olivers, bridge hotel, bourkes, the globe, the hibernia, albert, albion, abbotts, australian, belvidere, beehive, british queen, black eagle, british and american, brian boru, bakers arms, butchers arms, brick layers arms, bull and mouth, cresent, clarence, back creek bridge, cape clear, crooked billet, cambridgeshire arms, camp, coach and horses, cricketers arms, diggers rest, ellesmere, five lions, franklyn, golden square, golden gate, golden gully, golden age, golden vine, gumtree, glasgow reef, great britain, haymarket, daniel o'connell, half way house, fleece inn, ironbark, johnsons reef, lancashire, live and let live, manchester arms, gold mines, metropolitan, crown, national, new chum, honeysuckle street, pavilion, napier arms, quartz miners arms, retreat inn, rainbow, rose of australia, lake view, robin hood, fountain, southern cross, bath, berlin, spring gully, star, sir charles hotham, silvermines, royal oak, suburban, town hall, temperance, ship inn, view point, view bend, victoria, exchange, american, arcade, belfast, all nations, union, united kingdom, union jack, westend, washington, waterloo, wellington, whitehorse, wheat sheaf, yorkshire, niagra, noahs ark

Copy of page 52 from a book. Mentioned are nuggets of gold. Some large Bendigo nuggets and their weight in ounces are mentioned, but no names of the nuggets. Some yields from shaft mining are also mentioned. The Pearl Mine and the Victoria Quartz did a lot of work without sighting any gold, while nearby at the Wittschiebe shaft there was a good find. There is also a short piece about the Pearl Mine Battery. It belongs to photo that was on the next page.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - gold mining, hustlers hill, victoria hill, st laurence court, anglo-german, pearl mine, victoria quartz, wittschiebe shaft, new chum reef, danger hill, belltopper hill

Map. Guide Map of Bendigo & Eaglehawk. Light brown coloured booklet containing folded map of Bendigo and Eaglehawk. Outer cover is printed in blue and red ink and states - With compliments of J H Curnow & Son, Auctioneers, Real Estate Agents, Farm & Dairy Produce Merchants, Bendigo. Printed by J B Young, Lithographer. Map shows tramways & bus routes. Map shows Agricultural Showgrounds located between Park Street, Water Street, Barnard Street and Bridge Lane. Also shows Acclimitization Reserve located behind The Botanical Gardens at White Hills. Shows the location of Sailors Gully, Peg-Leg Gully, Jobs Gully, California Gully, Long Gully, Ironbark Gully, Golden Gully, Poverty Gully, Sheepshead Gully, Charcoal Gully, Eaglehawk Creek, Bendigo Creek and Back Creek. Contains interesting facts about Bendigo - Area 7,900 acres. Population - 26,000. First Council elected - 1855. Proclaimed a Borough - 1863. Proclaimed a City - 1871. Gold Rush broke out - 1851. For first 10 years gold yield averaged 8,600 ozs. per week . Total gold yield to 1923 - 572 tons valued at 82,000,000 pounds. Deepest mines - Victoria Quartz 4,614 ft., New Chum Railway 4,318 ft. 13 mines over 3.000 ft. deep. 53 mines over 2,000 ft. deep. Sewering of City commenced 1922, all principal buildings now sewered. Map printed by Arnall & Jackson, General Printers, Stationers & Engravers, 476 Collins Street. Map displays advertisement for J H Curnow & Son, Bendigo's leading Auctioneer and Estate Agents, Mitchell & Queen Sts. Bendigo. Map Scale 20 chs. = 1 in.cottage, miners, guide map of bendigo and eaglehawk

Map. Guide map of Bendigo & Eaglehawk. Folded map of Bendigo & Eaglehawk with blue outer cover booklet. Map is compiled by E E Parker, Eaglehawk. Map shows tramways, bus routes and cost one shilling. Map shows Agricultural Showgrounds located between Park Street, Water Street, Barnard Street and Bridge Lane. Also shows Acclimitization Reserve located behind the Botanical Gardens at White Hills. Shows the location of Sailors Gully, Peg-Leg Gully, Jobs Gully, California Gully, Long Gully, Ironbark Gully, Golden Gully, Poverty Gully, Sheepshead Gully, Charcoal Gully, Eaglehawk Creek, Bendigo Creek and Back Creek.Contains interesting facts about Bendigo:- Area - 7,900 acres, Population - 26,000, First Council elected - 1855, Proclaimed a City - 1871. Gold Rush broke out - 1851. For first 10 years gold yield averaged 8,600 ozs. Per week. Total gold yield to 1923 - 572 tons valued at 82,000,000 pounds. Deepest mines - Victoria Quartz 4,614 ft., New Chum Railway 4,318 ft., 13 mines over 3,000ft. deep, 53 mines over 2,000 ft. deep. Sewering of City commenced 1922. All principal buildings now sewered. Map printed by Arnall & Jackson, General Printers, Stationers & Engravers, 476 Collins Street. Outer map blue cover printed in red and blue ink by J B Young, Lithographer. Map displays advertisement for Bendigo Timber Co. Outer blue cover displays advertisement for Campbell Connelly & Co. Pty. Ltd, Ironmongers, Timware Manufacturers, Plumbers, Sewerage Contractors, High and Forest Sts, Bendigo 9outside back cover) and for Hartleys ( J L Shoosmith) Bendigo, displaying Indian Motor Cycles (inside back cover).map, bendigo, township, guide map of bendigo & eaglehawk

Document. 2 copies plus 4 loose sheets. 14 page typed document on the buildings and mines of Victoria Hill in the Gold Era. (10 pages document and 4 pages pictures). Document mentions 'Quartz Miners Arms' Hotel, Conrad Heinz - Bendigo Mayor 1894 and owned a butcher shop in Victoria Hill, British and American Hotel, Manchester Arms Hotel, Victoria Reef Gold Mining Company, Ironbark Mining Company, Hercules and Energetic Mining Company, William Rae, Gold Mines Hotel, David Chaplin Sterry, North Old Chum Mine, Ballerstedt's First Open-cut (J. C. T. Christopher Ballerstedt and Theodore Ballerstedt), Lansell's Big 180 Shaft (George Lansell), Victoria Quartz Mine, Mr E. J. Dunn (Chief Government Geologist). Pictures are- Victoria Hill from Rae's Open Cut, Looking North from Old Chum Hill to the Victoria Hill, Victoria Quartz on Victoria Hill, W. M. Rae's Crushing Works.cottage, miners, the rich victoria hill and its historical associations

Document. A Few Facts (7 copies). Two page typed, timelined document on the Goldfield area of Bendigo 1851 1954 by the Bendigo Branch of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria. Mentions Ravenswood sheep run, German Gully, Derwent Gully, Peg Leg Gully, 'The Dascombe' & 'The Victoria' gold nuggets. Watson's Kentish mine in Long Gully, Garden Gully United in Ironbark, The Great Extended Hustlers Tribute on Hustlers Hill, The New Chum United in Golden Square, The Victoria Quartz in Victoria Hill Ironbark, The United Devonshire Mine in Eaglehawk, The Famous Devonshire Valley, Portion of the New Chum Group in Golden Square, The New Moon, The South New Moon, The 'Flying Fox' which conveyed the quartz from the Central Red, White and Blue mine to New Chum Hill, Lansell's'222' Mine, The Mine in the Heart of the City, The Fortuna Hustlers Mine; Snob's Hill, Sailors Gully & Devonshire Gully at Eaglehawk, California Gully, Long Gully, Victoria Hill at Ironbark, New Chum Hill & New Chum Valley at Golden Square, Hustlers Hill & Comet & Redan Hills at North Bendigo.cottage, miners, the bendigo goldfields, a few facts

Document. 2 page typed document titled 'Premier Companies'. Lists various mining companies from 1870 to 1920 and the amount in pounds that each mine yielded. Mentions mines - Great Extended Hustlers, Great Extended Hustlers Tribute, Garden Gully United, Victory, Pandora, United Hustlers, Redan Garden Gully, United Devonshire, Old Chum, Victoria Quartz, North Johnson's, Johnson's Reef, New Red White and Blue, New Chum United, Lady Barkly, New Chum Railway, Great Southern, South New Moon, New Argus, Virginia, Central Red White and Blue, New Chum Goldfields, Victoria Consols, Carlisle, Hercules and Energetic, New Golden Fleece, Bendigo Amalgamated Goldfields.cottage, miners, premier companies (mining), bendigo mines

Slide. Hercules and Energetic Mine, Long Gully. Poppet head, chimney stack, mullock heaps, wood stack, engine house and boiler. Large dam in foreground with ducks and geese .No. 11 on bottom of slidemine, gold, unknown mine., bendigo mines-jack hattam collection

Slide: Looking north to Victoria Hill from New Chum and Victoria Quartz, image taken in early 1870's. poppet heads, wood stacks, chimney stacks, mining excavation in foreground, mullock heaps. Possibly a stamper in background against crest of hill.No.6 on bottom of slidemine, gold, north to victoria hill., bendigo mines-jack hattam collection

The Jubilee Mine at Scarsdale was started by Thomas Greenwood of Italian Gully.Jubilee Company Quartz Gold Mine has one of the most comprehensive range of quartz mining foundations in the State. The brick and concrete foundations cover pumping, winding and crushing operations, as well as cyaniding of mine tailings. The machinery foundations are the remnants of large scale quartz mining operations carried on at the site between 1899 to 1912. During this time the mine produced over 125,000 ounces of gold and was the district's most important gold mine. (Source Victorian Heritage Register http://vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/vhd/heritagevic/?timeout=yes#detail_places;5517)colour photograph in digital format showing the brick foundations of the stamping plant at the Jubilee Mine in Scarsdale, Victoria.gold mine mining scarsdale

Two printed pages titled Tales of Victoria Hill. Mentioned is the gold yield on the New Chum Line of Reef, early gold discovery, Christopher Ballerstedt and his son Theodore, Theodore building Fortuna as well as a crusher or battery in its grounds. He believed he had exhausted the riches from his claims and sold the claim on the hill to George Lansell, deepest gold mine, interconnecting to neighbouring mines to obtain the required up and down drafts for ventilation, rising of the water levels resulting the closure of the Victorian Quartz Mine when a rope broke and the equipment that is still there. An accompanying photo of the Victoria Quartz Mine shows the buildings, chimney and poppet legs and a man standing in front of a building. There is also an accompanying floppy disc.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - tales of victoria hill, j n macarthy, christopher ballerstedt, theodore ballerstedt, fortuna, george lansell, lansell's 180, victoria quartz co, victorian consols, bendigo's deepest known gold bearing reef

Three pages titled Guide to Some Famous Mines. Compiled by A Richardson. Each mine is listed as on the reef it is situated on. Reefs are The New Chum Line of Reef and the Garden Gully Line of Reefs, and the Devonshire Group. Mentioned is the mine's location, depth of shaft, poppet legs, machinery, location of engine house, gold yield, dividends and owners of mine. The mines are: The New Chum Line of Reef. The New Chum Railway, Kochs Pioneer, Windmill Hill, Confidence Extended, Johnson's No 1, Johnson's No2, Johnson's No 3, North Johnson's, Princess Dagmar, Golden Age, Johnson's Reef Extended, Golden Pyke, Constellation, Great Northern, Virginia, Specimen Hill United, New Argus, Clarence United, North Argus, South New Moon, New Chum Hill, The New Chum and Victoria, Catherine Reef United. Garden Gully Line of Reefs. The Great Southern, Ulster United, Londonderry, South Garden, The Sea Amalgamated, Garden Gully United, Victory and Pandora, Unity Mine, Carlisle United, Cornish United, Eureka Extended, South Belle Vue United, Shenandoah, Shamrock, New Chum Consolidated, New Chum United, Lansell's 222, Rae's Open Cut, Great Central Victoria, Victoria Consols, The Ironbark, Hercules and Energetic, Pearl, The Devonshire Group. North of Staley,The Duke of Edinburgh, New St Mungo, Duchess Tribute, South Devonshire, Duchess of Edinburgh, Princess Alexandra, West United Devonshire, Hopewell, Phoenix. Yhe Mungo Mines. Unicorn, South St Mungo, Lady Barkly, The St Mungo, Sadowa, Eastwood. Snobs Hill Group. The Ellenborough, The Belmont and Saxby, York and Durham, The Acadia, William's United, The Victoria Hill - Ironbark, The North Old Chum, Lansell's Big 180, Ballerstadt's Open-Cut and The Victoria Quartz.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - guide to some famous mines, a richardson, the new chum railway, kochs pioneer, windmill hill, confidence extended, johnson's no 1, johnson's no2, johnson's no 3, north johnson's, princess dagmar, golden age, johnson's reef extended, golden pyke, constellation, great northern, virginia, specimen hill united, new argus, clarence united, north argus, south new moon, new chum hill, the new chum and victoria, catherine reef united, the great southern, ulster united, londonderry, south garden, the sea amalgamated, garden gully united, victory and pandora, unity mine, carlisle united, cornish united, eureka extended, south belle vue united, shenandoah, shamrock, new chum consolidated, new chum united, lansell's 222, rae's open cut, great central victoria, victoria consols, the ironbark, hercules and energetic, pearl, the duke of edinburgh, new st mungo, duchess tribute, south devonshire, duchess of edinburgh, princess alexandra, west united devonshire, hopewell, phoenix, unicorn, south st mungo, lady barkly, the st mungo, sadowa, eastwood, the ellenborough, the belmont and saxby, york and durham, the acadia, william's united, the victoria hill - ironbark, the north old chum, lansell's big 180, ballerstadt's open-cut, the victoria quartz

Typed notes titled 'Bendigo and its Historical Associations. Mentioned are the buildings that were erected between the 1870's and the turn of the century, the buildings and churches, the meeting of diggers and the formation of the Red Ribbon League,the early gold miners, the purchase of the Central Deborah Mine, the Bendigo Easter Fair , the Chinese, and Eaglehawk.document, bendigo and its historical associations, lake eppalock, the beehive, beehive chambers, post office, law courts, shamrock hotel, town hall, home and hospital for the aged, bendigo base hospital, hospital hill, forest street wesley, congregational, st johns presbyterian, all saints pro-cathedral, red ribbon league, sacred heart cathedral, a n z bank, atkinson's building, holland bros, a h q survey regiment headquarters, george lansell, fortuna, pioneer, j b lazarus, theodore ballerstedt, victoria quartz mine, wm rae, witscheibes 'jewellers shop', gold mines hotel, david sterry, the bendigo and district tourist association, city council, central deborah gold mine, victoria hill, sun loong, loong, bendigo easter fair, chinese joss house, white hills cemetery, st killian's church, log lock-up, whipstick forest, a richardson, bendigo branch royal historical society of victoria

PORT PHILLIP GOLD MINE CLUNES. GOLD WAS DISCOVERED IN 1851 - CLAIMED TO BE FIRST DISCOVERY IN VICTORIA.COPY OF PHOTOGRAPH OF OLD PORT PHILLIP GOLD MINE TAKEN FROM MR. BLANDS PROPERTY - OAK AND ELM TREES IN THE FOREGROUND.OLD PORT PHILLIP GOLD MINE WHERE GOLD FIRST DISCOVERED IN QUARTZ IN AUSTRALIAlocal history, document, postcard, mining

Gold was discovered in Ballarat in 1851 when many people rushed to the diggings. A monument commemorates the centenary of the finding of gold at Poverty Point and is dedicated to the memory of pioneer miners of Ballarat. It records gold yields, nuggets and the richest recorded yields of both alluvial and quartz mines. The replica gold nugget on the monument is the `Welcome Nugget`, found in Ballarat in 1858, weighed 2,217 ounces and was sold for £10,500. The memorial, known as the Pioneer Miners’ Monument, was made to commemorate Ballarat's gold centenary. It was proposed that part of the Pioneers' Memorial Fund might be used. This fund was started with £1300 profit from the 1938 centenary celebrations. (Age (Melbourne), The monument was created by John Edward Skilbeck, a toolmaker with Ronaldson and Tippett. John Skilbeck had a deep interest in Ballarat History, and undertook much research with Bert Strange and Keith Stacpoole. Councilllor William Ernest Roff provided the copper for the memorial from scrap copper obtained during his plumbing business. The copper was reworked by John Skilbeck, and was soldered in the kitchen of his home at 14 Frank Street. Colour photograph of the gold monument on the corner of Sturt Street and Albert Street, Ballarat. It commemorates the discovery of gold at Poverty Point in August 1851, and was The monument was unveiled in 1951 and is mainly constructed of large piecesof quartz, with a miniature popper head on the top made of copper. Mounted on the side is a replica of the Welcome Nugget, which was unearthed on the corner of Humffray and Mair Streets, Ballarat on 09 June 1858.FRONT This monument was erected by the Ballarat Historical Society to commemorate the finding of gold at Poverty Point 21st August 1851 and is dedicated to the memory of/ pioneer miners of Ballarat LEFT SIDE Richest recorded yields alluvial mines Band of Hope 303269 Ozs Prince of Wales 168929 Koh I Noor 164157 Great Redan Ex 110111 Albion 107125 Bonshaw Fr 96520 Park 94699 St George 86702 Sir Wm Don 76830 Hand in Hand 76830 Sir Henry Loch 43562 Quartz Mines Star of the East 256758 Ozs Band of Hope 158299 Victoria United 152013 N Woah Hawp 129562 New Normanby 127562 Britannia 103225 Llanberris No 1 100533 Black Hill 91665 Last Chance U 83766 Llanberris 71364 Speedwell 66000 South Star 64444 Sulieman Pasha Companies 62666 RIGHT Recorded gold yield 20606000 ozs Nuggets Alluvial Welcome 2217 ozs Saraha Snads 1619 Lady Hotham 1177 Canadian 1 1117 Canadian 2 1011 Koh 1 Noor 834 Eureka 625 Lady Loch 617 Prince of Wales 606 Bakery Hill 571 Native Youth 540 Faboulous yields of earliest diggings not offically recorded Quartz Nuggets N Woah Hawp 5-- 300 200 Ozs White Horse 500 Woah Hawp 444 266 262 Canton 257 200 Q Victoria lease 410 U Black Hill Coy 315 Tinworths 250 Parade Coy 245gold monument, ballarat, skilbeck, poppet head, j.e. skilbeck, john skilbeck

The first company to make a success of hard-rock (quartz) gold mining at Black Hill was the Black Hill Company, formed in 1859. Mining from the open-cut mine probably commenced in 1860 and by 1861 the company had erected the largest stamping mill in Victoria. The mill ran 24 hours a day until the end of 1864 and 12 hours a day in 1865. Open cut mining then ceased. Underground ore extraction continued at Black Hill until the early twentieth century.Photographic image of the abandoned open-cut mine at Black Hill, Ballarat, c1904 ballarat, black hill, mining, open cut, gold