Showing 1670 items
matching stopes
-
Bayside Gallery - Bayside City Council Art & Heritage Collection
Photograph - gelatin silver photograph, Official Opening, St Kilda - Brighton Electric Street Railway, 1906
In 1904, at the initiative of Premier Thomas Bent, Victorian Railways was authorised to build an electric street railway from St Kilda to Brighton. The line opened in early 1906 and was one of Melbourne's first electric tram services. On Saturday 5 May, 1906, Premier Thomas Bent performed the opening ceremony of the St Kilda to Brighton electric tramway at the Brighton Terminus, presided over by Cr. Thomas Wilson, Mayor of Brighton, with refreshments following at the Brighton Yacht Club. About 60 representatives were in attendance including the Railway Commissioners and the mayor and councillors of St Kilda, Brighton and Caulfield. The newspapers of the day commented that the cars were the best yet seen in Australia, possessing a great advantage over the Sydney trams, in that they are easily entered, and the glass windbreak was another improvement in design. The tramway from St Kilda to Brighton terminus took 18 minutes, including stops. thomas bent, premier, cr. thomas wilson, mayor, electric railway, electric tram, st kilda, brighton, official opening, public transport -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Fibre glass fishing rod, John (Jack) Bowden, 1962
This fishing rod was donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Mr. David Brown who is a retired Victorian Railways driver. It was made for him by Mr. Jack Bowden in 1962. Mr. Bowden was the driver of the Southern Aurora when it crashed with a freight train at Violet Town on 7 February 1969. The Sydney – Melbourne passenger train was bound for Melbourne. At about 7.05 a.m. the “Southern Aurora” collided head-on with the Melbourne-Albury goods train near Violet Town. 8 people lost their lives in the crash and 117 were injured. Driver John Bowden had died of cardiac arrest at some time before the collision. The driver of the goods train, Lawrence Rosevear, a good friend and workmate of Jack Bowden had tried to apply the brake when he realised the Aurora was not slowing down, but was unable to stop the impact. Lawrence also died in the crashThis was made by a local train driver who was died in the "Southern Aurora" train tragedy.A hand made fibre-glass fishing rod with wooden handle and agate runnersfishing, fishing equipment, recreational fishing, southern aurora -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Flag - VR Flag
This flag was flying at the Wodonga Station when VR Driver John (Jack) Bowden drove past it whilst at the controls of the “Southern Aurora” on 7 February 1969. The Sydney – Melbourne passenger train was bound for Melbourne. At about 7.05 a.m. the “Southern Aurora” collided head-on with the Melbourne-Albury goods train near Violet Town. 8 people lost their lives in the crash and 117 were injured. Driver John Bowden had died of cardiac arrest at some time before the collision. The driver of the goods train, Lawrence Rosevear, a good friend and workmate of Jack Bowden had tried to apply the brake when he realised the Aurora was not slowing down, but was unable to stop the impact. Lawrence also died in the crash. A memorial is maintained at Violet Town to commemorate those who died and also recognised those who helped in the aftermath of the tragedy.This flag is connected to the "Southern Aurora" train tragedy in 1969A large blue flag bearing the gold insignia of Victorian Railways. Canvas binding and the rope is still attached on the flag pole side. There is fringing on the other side but there is some fraying due to age.victorian railways, southern aurora, john bowden -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - Set of six slides Ballarat City area, September 1971
Set of six colour slides, possibly taken on Saturday 4 September 1972, prior to the closure of the Mt Pleasant line the following day. 1 - Two single truckers at Sturt and Lydiard Streets with many motor cars. Town Hall in the background. 2 - Tram 12 (Sebastopol) picking up passengers at the stop just before the tram turned the corner into Sturt St. Driver running a one-man tram. In the background are the ANZ and other bank buildings. 3 - Tram 13 at Stones Corner - with the destination of Gardens via Sturt St. West. The tram is crowded. 4 - Grenville and Sturt St with four trams and many motor cars - taken from near Lydiard St. 5 - Single trucker descends the hill to Grenville St, with the Titanic Bandstand in the background, 6 - Bogie tram westbound in a very busy Bridge St, near Grenville St. Demonstrates tram operations in the Ballarat city area prior to closure of the SEC operated system.Set of six Kodachrome cardboard slides.tramways, ballarat, trams, tram 12, city, lydiard st north, tram13, stones corner, sturt st, bridge st -
Seaworks Maritime Museum
List of Pennants
Has recently been framed and laminatedFramed list of pennants signifying ships and signals hand drawn with coloured pencil in 1915 on paper. Later corrections made in 1933 in black penM. H. T./SIGNALS/FOR THE USE OF FLOATING PLANT OCT 1915 1915/Corrected Feb 1933/ HUME/ J. A. BOYD/WILLIAM PITT/WILLIAM STRONG/CHAS DUCKETT/EDWARD NORTHCOTE/ H C PIGGOTT/BATMAN/FAWKNER/FRANCIS DUNCAN/WILLIAM ANDREWS/COMMISSIONER/PENGUIN (at Geelong)/ RED BIRD/GELLIBRAND/MOTOR BOAT NO 2 TATEGAMI/MOTOR BOAT NO 3/MOTOR BOAT NO 4/ENGINEER/HARBOR MASTER/LADY STANLEY/HOVELL/ W. S. MOUNTAIN/W.M. COWPER/G.F.H./D. YORK SYME/ SUPER of DREDGING/ASSISTANT/HARBOR MASTER/SUPER of MACHINERY/ELECTRICIAN/INSP of DREDGING/INSP of MACHINERY/INSPECTOR WHARVES/(F WILLIAMS)/INSPECTOR DOCKING/& SHIPWRIGHTS/DIVERS WANTED/ACCIDENT SEND/MEDICAL ASSISTANCE/WAITING FOR/EMPTY BARGES/DREDGING STOPPED/WEATHER UNFAVOURABLE/TAKE AWAY/EMPTY BARGES/TUG WANTED/DERRICK PUNT/WANTED/TAKE DERRICK/PUNT AWAY/TAKE AWAY/COAL BARGE/BUCKETS FOULED/OBSTRUCTION SEND/DERRICK PUNT &/DIVERS/ DREDGING STOPPED/REPAIRING/DREDGING RESUMED/ B. Harris 16.8.15/ Drawing No 3415melbourne harbour trust (mba) -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Lens Bulb
This light bulb or globe was used for lighting the torch of an electronic tongue depressor. It was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII 1941-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Lens bulb, NEICO #24B -2.5v, for an electronic tongue depressor in original cardboard package; part of the W.R. Angus Collection. The package is rectangular and the base slides out, giving access to the small globe. Package reads "Genuine NEICO #24B -2.5v lens bulb for National Model N24 tongue depressor. Operates from battery handle or Transformer. Long life. Brilliant", "Made in U.S.A.. Tested and sealed at factory", "National Elec. Instr. Co. Inc. Long Island, New York". "Apply current gradually until filament is changing from yellow to a white light - THEN STOP. Glaring Illumination indicates excessive voltage which shortens filament light without increasing illuminating efficiency."flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, dr w r angus, dr ryan, surgical instrument, t.s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, mira hospital, flying doctor, medical treatment, medical history, national electric instrument company, electronic tongue depressor, lens bulb -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "Will miss the tram", "Work begins on Lake Route", "Vale, The Tramways!", Aug. 1971
Yields information about the closure of the SEC operated Ballarat system - presented in an unorganised manner and without newspaper dates.Set of about 6 newspaper clippings glued to a sheet of lined paper. Cuttings from the Ballarat Courier, date from around 23 August 1971 following the closure of the Victoria St lines and part of the Gardens route. Includes a poem titled "Vale, the Tramways!", written by SMP, an item by a staff report going to to school by tram in Victoria St and Sturt St ""Will miss the tram". Other items "Work begins on Lake Route" about the BTPS agreement with Council, quotes Paul Nicholson, removal of parking meters, derailment at the depot, and bus stop signs being damaged. Two of the clippings are photo copies. See also Reg item 3161 and 6665 for similar presentations of cuttings.secv, closure, buses, btps, disposal, derailments -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Digital image Set of 3, Peter Waugh, 16/05/2014 12:00:00 AM
Set of three digital images: .1 - Digital image of Wendouree Parade taken from the cabin of Tram 8 on 16/5/2014. The driver, Geoff Gardner is partly shown in the reflection on the windscreen. A red car can be seen reversing into the path of the tram as it approaches the stop south of Pipers Restaurant. .2 - Digital image of Wendouree Parade taken from the cabin of Tram 8, on 16/5/2014. The driver, Geoff Gardner can be seen. Pipers Restaurant is just visible. .3 - Digital image of Wendouree Parade taken from the cabin of Tram 8, on 16/5/2014. The view is back over the tank looking south along Wendouree Parade.trams, tramways, botanical gardens, street scene, track cleaner, wendouree parade, windscreens, scrubber tram, tram 8 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Report, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Report on PCC type car No. 980", April and May 1951
Two reports on PCC type tramcar No. 980, contained within one bound document. Pages 1-9, Drum Brake Characteristics - April 1951 (B15/1/22) and pages 10 - 16, Dynamic Brake Service Test - May 1951 (B15/1/23). Documents stapled on left hand side and bound with adhesive tape. First report looks at the braking of the tram and problems with getting smooth stops, issues and what changes could be made, signed by the Testing Engineer D.H. Eakins 4/7/51. Second report - further testing following the first report, gives methodology, analysis and results - no significant improvement over those previously obtained.trams, tramways, preston workshops, reports, tramcars, pcc, braking, tram 980, tram 959 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 27 mm sq slide/s - set of 5, Lilian Butler, Sturt Street, 1971
Yields information about Sturt St between Lydiard St and Ripon St.Set of 5 AGFA slides - blue and white plastic mounts: 1 - Sturt St looking west, south side from Windermere St. .2 - ditto from Dawson St, shows tram stop sign and end of section sign. .3 - ditto from Armstrong St - with Myer's and Coles stores in the background. .4 - ditto at Ripon St, showing junction of View Point line, has the shelter on the right. .5 - City terminus - Sturt St and Lydiard St, with a bogie tram arriving from Grenville St. Has the ESCo switch box in the view - (to the right of the ladies). Has the Commonwealth Bank on the right hand side of the photo. Photo from the collection of Lilian Butler. ballarat, tramways, trams, sturt st, dawson st, tram stops, view point, shelters, lydiard st -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Instruction Book, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "How to become an efficient conductor", 1960's
Instruction Book - 20 pages, within manila card covers, titled ""How to become an efficient conductor", published by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board. Gives details on how to be a conductor safely, collect fares, disputes, school concessions, ticket cancellation, accidents, and conduct. A list of dos and dents' employee benefits summary and two drawings showing the consequences of not securing the trolley pole under the hook and step accidents. Inside front cover is a list of Melbourne tram depots, giving stop number, and street. Handwritten addition regarding South Melbourne depot - short cut from St Kilda Road - folded printed sheet. No date on the documents - assumed 1960's.trams, tramways, mmtb, conductors, instructions, melbourne, depot -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Newspaper, The Courier Ballarat, "New futures for tram shelters", 23/06/1971 12:00:00 AM
Newspaper clipping from The Courier, Ballarat, dated 23/6/1971, titled "New futures for tram shelters" with a subtitle, "Sturt street tram shelters are in demand." Two requests for the use of the tram stop shelter at Grenville St. had been received by the City Council. Ballarat Region Tourist Promotion Association suggested it be developed as a tourist information centre and Ballarat Council of Churches wanted to place a Christmas Crib during the Christmas season. Council decided to allow for one Christmas only and suggested that the Shelter at Lydiard St. be used by the Tourist Association. One of large group of newspaper cuttings from John Bainbridge, 7/4/02. Has cutting date separate from item.grenville st, tram stops, shelters, sturt st -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Doug Colquhoun, 24/03/1959 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about Ballarat Trams and streetscapes late 1950's and the details of Sturt St shops.Black and white print of Ballarat 13, at the Sturt St stop, just west of Lydiard St. North, 24/3/1959. Photo by Doug Colquhoun. Has the Commonwealth Bank, National Mutual Building, Golden Star Chinese Cafe, V & L. Leslie Hairdresser and Wardrop Tailor shops in the background. Two copies. A school boy with cap is sitting on the bench opposite the tram. Tram has the destination of Grey St Sebastopol. Photo print courtesy of Port Dock Railway Museum, now the National Railway Museum. See worksheet 4311 for letter and details of prints sent to Bill Scott, 19/10/2001. Any photo credit to mention NRM Collection.On rear of copy 1"SEC Ballarat / 13 / Sturt St/ 24/3/59 / D. A. Colquhoun" Copy 2 "DAC" in ink, bottom right hand corner.trams, tramways, sturt st, schools, commonwealth bank, tram 13 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Pamphlet, Yarra Trams, "How far away's your tram", Jun. 2007
Set of two posters or pamphlets, printed on heavy off white card, full colour titled ""How far away's your tram", published by Yarra Trams, using their TramTracker service. Published prior to the iPhone app, was based on phone calls or SMS to 199YARRA. Has the Yarra tram and TramTracker logos. .1 - based on the time to drink a cup of coffee - 7 minutes to 1 minute. .2 - based on an LP vinyl record - 18 minutes to 4 minutes. Dated June 2007. .3 - similar to .1, but a landscape format with a detachable tear off section of right hand side to record your tracker stop ID's with a postcard with the tram tracker logo in the corner.trams, tramways, yarra trams, tramtracker, tram stops -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - BENDIGO MINING, WALKING UNDERGROUND FROM SPRING GULLY TO EAGLEHAWK
Newspaper article, Bendigo Advertiser, Thursday October 13, 1988, page 1. It was said in the 'heyday of Bendigo's gold mining it was possible to walk underground from Spring Gully to Eaglehawk' Article describes a walk done in 1988 from the 8th level of the Central Deborah Gold Mine shaft (270 m) through a series of tortuous and at times hazardous drives, stopes, shafts and cross overs to the 8th level of the North Deborah Gold Mine. Steven Hinde, Bendigo Mining's Chief Geologist lead the trek, which proved it was still possible to go down one shaft and emerge up another. When Bendigo Mining dewatered the Central Deborah shaft it uncovered the old connecting passages.bendigo, mining, central deborah gold mine -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Manufactured Glass, bottle cream 1/4 pint, 20thC
General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter. General use of milk bottles is usually associated with the 20th century , with occasional late 19th century. Initially, milk was delivered in cans stacked upright in a wagon. At each stop, someone, usually the wife of the house, would bring a pitcher or a pail to the wagon, and the milk man would ladle out the desired amount of milk. Needless to say, this practice was hazardous and unhealthy. The New York State Tuberculosis Association condemned the practice of selling “loose milk,” still being conducted in New York City in 1922, as a major cause for the spread of tuberculosis (Glass Container1922:8). It is probable that the delivery of milk in glass containers became universal shortly thereafter. Melbourne Glass Bottle Works Spotswood 1880 - 1990. made bottles for various companies. Milk cartons first came to Australia in 1958, when the Model Dairy in Melbourne began packaging milk in 150 ml and 500 ml cartons. At the time, 160,000 new glass bottles were needed in Melbourne alone every week to keep up the delivery of 1.3 million bottles of milk a day. In 1970, the blow-moulded disposable plastic milk bottle was introduced. In 1987, only about 2% of milk was still being sold in glass bottles. Glass milk bottles are now rare. A clear glass milk or cream bottle 'Imperial' 1/4 Pintaround base : IMPERIAL 1/4 PINTmelbourne, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, manufactured glass, milk bottles, dairy farmers, dairies -
Ruyton Girls' School
Magazine, Ruyton Reporter, 1997
The Ruyton Reporter (formerly known as Ruyton Reports) captures the essential Ruyton Girls' School experience for the broader school community. It has been produced since 1986.The record has strong historic significance as it pertains to one of the oldest girls' school in Victoria, Australia. Ruyton was founded in 1878 in the Bulleen Road, Kew, home of newly widowed Mrs Charlotte Anderson (now High Street South). Thus, the record can be used as a reference example for research into Victorian school history. It also gives insight into the types of activities and events undertaken at Ruyton Girls' School during the period of its production. The record's significance is further enhanced by its exceptionally well-documented provenance, having remained the property of Ruyton Girls' School since its production.Colour publication printed on paper with staple binding. 16 pages.Front Page: 1 / 9 / theRUYTON / REPORTER / 9 / 7 / spring / Music: / the Soul of Ruyton / R / RECTE ET FIDE LITER / 12 Selbourne Rd / Email: [email protected] / Kew VIC 3101 / Tel: 9819 2422 / Fax: 9818 4790 / INSIDE: / New / President / of the / Board / The Play's / the Thing / Music, / Music, / Music / New Look / Junior / School / PRINT POST APPROVED / PP341999 00026 / STOP PRESS: / 120 YEARS CELEBRATION / BEGINS WITH ORDER FORM FOR / THE 1998 CALENDAR (SEE INSIDE) Edited by Deborah Forster /ruyton girls' school, ruyton, school, students, newsletter, ruyton reports, ruyton news, kew, victoria, melbourne, girls school -
Ruyton Girls' School
Magazine, Ruyton Reporter, 1996
The Ruyton Reporter (formerly known as Ruyton Reports) captures the essential Ruyton Girls' School experience for the broader school community. It has been produced since 1986.The record has strong historic significance as it pertains to one of the oldest girls' school in Victoria, Australia. Ruyton was founded in 1878 in the Bulleen Road, Kew, home of newly widowed Mrs Charlotte Anderson (now High Street South). Thus, the record can be used as a reference example for research into Victorian school history. It also gives insight into the types of activities and events undertaken at Ruyton Girls' School during the period of its production. The record's significance is further enhanced by its exceptionally well-documented provenance, having remained the property of Ruyton Girls' School since its production.Colour publication printed on paper with staple binding. 16 pages.Front Page: the reporter / Ruyton / spring 1996 / PRINT POST / PP 341999 00026 / APPROVED / 12 Selbourne Road Kew / Telephone: 9819 2422 / Facsimile: 9818 4790 / R / RECTE ET FIDE LITER / Self-Expression / Contents / Access to Success: Year 9 / Royce Hall Update / Grandparents' Day / POR Tennis Day / Visitors to School / The Grand Gala Dinner / News of Old Girls / STOP PRESS: Patrick McMahon Concert, 1st February, 1997 - Our celebration of the fabulous Neil Diamond. / Edited by: Deborah Forster /ruyton girls' school, ruyton, school, students, newsletter, ruyton reports, ruyton news, kew, victoria, melbourne, girls school -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s - set of 7, Noel Simons, 22/11/1962 12:00:00 AM
Set of 7 Kodachrome transparencies taken on 22/11/1962. 1161.1 - trams 38 and 20 in Sturt St. West at the Russell St. loop. No. 20 has possibly terminated and is showing "CITY" while 38 is showing "Mt Pleasant" Both trams fitted with dash canopy lighting, but no large white stripe. 20 has a Twin Lakes sign. 1161.2 - tram 33 just before Gardens Loop in Wendouree Parade, with destination of "Victoria St." Has a Twin Lakes sign. 1161.3 - tram 39 at corner of Lydiard St. North and Sturt St. with Post Office in background. 1161.4 - tram 40 turning from Sturt St into Lydiard St. North with Post Office in background and showing destination of Lydiard St. North. A blue Holden with red stripes for the Radio Cabs co. is in the foreground, along with pedestrians. 1161.5 - tram 41 in Sturt St. at the City terminus, showing destination of Mt Pleasant with Post Office and ANZ Bank buildings in background. Numerous people waiting on the seats at the tram stop. 1161.6 - tram 13 in Sturt St. near Doveton St. showing destination of Bell St. Many cars and pedestrians on the south side of Sturt St. Note the Austin motor car by the tram showing a stop signal. Tram 13 has a Twin Lakes sign. 1161.7 - trams 13, 26, and 39 in the City Loop near Bridge St. Has Morseheads and Grenville St. tram shelter in the background.1161.1 - "38 and 20 crossing in Sturt St. Ballarat near Russell Street" - in blue and black ink. The "Russell St" is a later addition, over white out. 1161.2 - "33 near Botanic Gardens terminus, Wendouree Parade, Ballarat" 1161.3 - "No. 39 in Lydiard St. Ballarat at Cnr. of Sturt St." 1161.4 - "No. 40 entering Lydiard St. from Sturt St. Ballarat" 1161.5 - "No. 41 in Sturt St. Ballarat at cnr of Lydiard St." 1161.6 - "No. 13 in Sturt St. Ballarat, at Cnr. of Doveton St." 1161.7 - "Nos. 13, 26, and 39 in Sturt St. Ballarat near Bridge St." All have date stamp of "22 Nov. 1962" in purple ink. All black ink unless otherwise noted.tramways, trams, ballarat, sturt st. west, wendouree parade, lydiard st., city loop, taxis, radio cabs, tram 13, tram 20, tram 26, tram 33, tram 38, tram 39, tram 40, tram 41 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Digital image Set of 10, Stuart Lodington, 1971
Set of 10 digital images of Ballarat trams prior to closure, scanned from original slides by Stuart Lodington, 1971 prior to closure of the system. .1 - No. 32 entering the depot from Wendouree Parade, with the Lake in the background. Shows the depot fire alarm on an adjacent pole. .2 - No. 26 at Sebastopol, before turning the pole. Has a bus stop sign on a pole already. .3 - No. 27 and 26? crossing at the Bell St loop in Skipton St. No. 27 has a Twin Lakes sign. .4 - No. 32 outbound to the Gardens in Hamilton Ave about to enter Wendouree Parade with Loreto convent and Olympic monument the background. .5 - No. 26, Albert St Sebastopol, approaching the Sebastopol terminus, with Sebastopol Food Stores building on the left of the photo. .6 - No. 12 leaving the Parker St. Loop, Sturt St West after crossing a tram. No. 12 has destination of Victoria St. .7 - No. 12 inward bound in Lydiard St North with Fine Art Gallery in the background, 3BA. No. 12 has destination of Sebastopol and has a Twin Lakes sign. .8 - No. 12 inward bound, Sturt St West, No. 12 has destination of Victoria St and has a Twin Lakes sign. .9 - No. 26 at Sebastopol terminus, outside the Royal Mail Hotel, has a bus stop sign on a pole. Tram pole yet to be turned, but destination adjusted to Lydiard St. North. .10 - No. 12 at Sebastopol terminus, outside the Royal Mail Hotel. No. 12 has destination of Lydiard St Nth and has a Twin Lakes sign.trams, tramways, ballarat, sturt st west, sebastopol, skipton st, wendouree parade, hamilton ave, depot, depot junction, parker st loop, bell st, lydiard st nth, tram 32, tram 26, tram 27, tram 12 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Digital image Set of 10, Tony Smith, 1971
Yields information about Ballarat Tramways and trams prior to the closure of the tramway system.Set of 10 digital images of Ballarat trams prior to closure, scanned from original slides by Tony Smith, 1971 prior to closure of the system. The following photos have suffered colour change and showing some deterioration - fungal growth. .1 - 35 (Sebastopol), with the Town Hall and Gemmola's chemist in the background. Tram waiting at the tram stop. .2 - 27 at Victoria St loop, showing Gardens via Drummond St Nth. .3 - 35 at Armstrong St inbound showing Lydiard St Nth. Has the Commonwealth bank in the background. .4 - 32 westbound in Sturt St between Dawson and Lyon Streets, tram has the destination of Gardens via Drummond Nth. Has the Town Hall and other buildings in the background. .5 - 17 inbound at Dawson St. Tram has destination of Mt Pleasant. .6 - 39 picking up passengers at the tram stop on the west side of Dawson St. Has the Ritzy cafe and the Golden City hotel in the background. Tram appears to be well loaded with lady passengers and has a "Everything under my control in my all electric kitchen" SEC roof ad. .7 - 37 using the Dawson St crossover - has St Patricks Cathedral in the background. .8 - 21 entering the depot with Lake Wendouree in the background. .9 - 11 sitting in 0 road at the depot. .10 - 41 at the depot on 2 road. Tram has two Johnny Walker Whiskey roof adverts.trams, tramways, sturt st, victoria st, dawson st, lake wendouree, wendouree parade, depot, tram 35, tram 27, tram 32, tram 17, tram 39, tram 37, tram 21, tram 11, tram 41 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Photograph/s - set of 25, Neville Gower, 7/02/1997 12:00:00 AM
Group of twenty five photographs taken on 7/2/1997 of some power poles around Ballarat that still carry the paintwork, faded and worn, of the SEC tramway system tram stops. 1652.1 - North East corner of Drummond Street South and Sebastopol St. 1652.2 - ditto 1652.3 - North east corner of Drummond St. South and La Trobe St. - with bus stop sign 1652.4 - ditto 1652.5 - North corner of Drummond St. South and Skipton St. 1652.6 - ditto 1652.7 - North east corner of Ripon St. North and Sturt St with King Chicken and Seafood shop in the background. 1652.8 - ditto looking down Sturt St. 1652.9 - South West corner of Ripon St. North and Sussex Streets 1652.10 - ditto 1652.11 - Power pole east side of Ripon St North between Mair and Sturt Streets 1652.12 - South west corner of Mair and Ripon North Streets 1652.13 - ditto 1652.14 - North East corner of Mair and Ripon Streets 1652.15 - ditto 1652.16 - ditto 1652.17 - North west corner of Burbank and Macarthur St 1652.18 - ditto 1652.19 - North east corner of Drummond St. North and Webster St. 1652.20 - ditto 1652.21 - Powerlines between Doveton and Dawson in Sturt St. 1652.22 - South corners of Sturt and Doveton Streets 1652.23 - ditto 1652.24 - ditto 1652.25 - ditto Negatives and envelope for the prints with the Reg Item 1652 sheet in documents folder. Photo folder with handwritten notes and negatives with Catalogue Worksheet.tram stops, drummond st., ripon st, sturt st -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s - set of 20, Noel Simons, 21/05/1971 12:00:00 AM
Set of 20 transparencies taken on 21/5/1971 on Kodak mounts. 1197.1 - Bendigo No. 5 en route to Eaglehawk at Creeth St Long Gully. Tram has a SEC roof ad and Cinzano roof ad. 1197.2 - No 5 approaching Needle Loop between Long Gully and California Gully. On left hand side is the City of Bendigo sign, indicating city boundary. 1197.3 - As for 1197.2 but actually entering loop. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.4 - No. 26 bound for Eaglehawk descending the railway bridge near Eaglehawk, at Jobs Gully. 1197.5 - as for 1197.4, but after crossing bridge, now ascending a hill. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.6 - No. 26 climbing High St. hill Eaglehawk, nearing end of Double track, bound for Quarry Hill. Shows centre of the road poles. 1197.7 - As for 1197.6, with tram entering single track section. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. Has a BP service station in the background. 1197.8 - No. 26 (bound for Quarry Hill) crossing No. 17 (Eaglehawk) at Job's Gully Loop. 1197.9 - No. 17 climbing railway bridge at Job's Gully, en route to Eaglehawk. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.10 - No.26 bound for Quarry Hill, leaving Long Gully Loop? Has the Creeth St. church in l197.l in the far background. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.11 - Tramway Point work at the northern end of Long Gully Loop. 1197.12 - No. 17 en route for Quarry Hill turning into View St. from Bamard St. Tram has SEC roof ads "Everything fine in my all electric Kitchen' and 'Electric Cooking is Matchless'. 1197.13 - as for 1197.12, but tram has turned into View St and about to enter the double line track. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.14 - No. 21 enters Nolan St after turning from MacRae St. en route to Bendigo. Note sign on its own post noting tram turns "Beware Tram Turns" and stop sign on adjacent pole "Trams stop on Request". No. 21 has two SEC roof ads. 1197.15 - No. 21 in Nolan St. after turning from Bridge St. (White Hills Road). Note signal light for Bridge St. loop on pole corner of street. Photo taken after tram has passed photographer. 1197.16 - No. 2 bound for Eaglehawk at unknown location. 1197.17 - Tram stop sign on a pole "CARS STOP BY REQUEST" 1197.18 - No. 5 in Carpenter St.? en route to Quarry Hill. 1197.19 - No. 28 has just arrive at Golden Square terminus, passengers are disembarking and the trolley pole is being turned. Golden Square Hotel in the background. 1197.20 - No. 28 at Golden Square terminus. Has a "Nothing beats Briquettes for hear roof ad. Information written on in black ink and date stamped on purple ink. 1197.1 - "No. 5 at Creeth St. Long Gully" 1197.2 - "No. 5 approaching Needle Loop between Long Gully and California Gully" 1197.3 - "No. 5 at Needle Loop between Long Gully and California Gully" 1197.4 - "No. 26 crossing railway bridge at Job's Gully near Eaglehawk" 1197.5 - "No. 26 just after crossing railway bridge at Job's Gully near Eaglehawk/ 1197.6 - "No. 26 in High St. Eaglehawk" 1197.7 - "No. 26 at end of double track in High St. Eaglehawk" 1197.8 - "Nos. 26 and 17 crossing at Job's Gully Loop" 1197.9 - "No. 17 crossing railway bridge at Job's Gully near Eaglehawk". 1197.10 - "No. 26 at Long Gully" 1197.11 - 'Northern end of points at Long Gully Loop". 1197.12 - "No. 17 turning into View St. from Bamard St. Bendigo". 1197.13 -'No. 17 at beginning of double track in View St. after leaving Bamard St. Bendigo. 1197.14 - "No. 21 enters Nolan St. from MacRae St. Bendigo." 1197.15 - "No. 21 in Nolan St. Bendigo just after leaving White Hills Road." 1197.16 - "No. 2" 1197.18 - "No. 5" 1197.19 - "Birney car No. 28 at Golden Square Terminus" 1197.20 "Birney car No. 28 at Golden Square Terminus" tramways, trams, bendigo, long gully, railway bridge, jobs gully, trackwork, nolan st, quarry hill, tram stops, golden square, tram 2, tram 5, tram 17, tram 21, tram 26, tram 28 -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Tray, 20th Century
A tray is a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items. It can be fashioned from numerous materials, including silver, brass, tin, sheet iron, paperboard, wood, melamine, and moulded pulp. Trays range in cost from inexpensive moulded pulp trays which are disposable and inexpensive melamine trays used in cafeterias, to mid-priced wooden trays used in a home, to expensive silver trays used in luxury hotels. Some examples have raised galleries, handles, and short feet for support. Trays are flat, but with raised edges to stop things from sliding off them. They are made in a range of shapes but are commonly found in oval or rectangular forms, sometimes with cutout or attached handles with which to carry them. A more elaborate device is the tray table, which is designed to accommodate a tray, or to serve as a tray itself. There are two primary kinds of tray tables. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrayThe use of the tray, and the various types.Metal rectangular tray with rounded edges and abstract design. Rusty.The design now looks abstract, but there are signs that it may have been a floral design originally.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, tray, kitchenware, food -
National Wool Museum
Bioclip sheep net
Bioclip was developed in the late 1990s as a way of removing the wool from sheep without the need for shearing. Sheep, although mostly lambs up to 50kg, were dressed in the nets and injected with a protein which caused the wool to break at the skin. The net was used to hold the loose wool in place and left on for several days to allow the wool to continue to grow on the sheep (and offer protection against the elements once the net and wool were removed). The net was cut and destroyed during the removal process. Bioclip stopped being produced c2013. Factors for this included the cost of a shearing team was cheaper than the equipment needed for Bioclip, and it wasn't as popular with wool growers as anticipated. Those who used Bioclip would swear by it with many saying they would never go back to using a shearer, as Bioclip produced a clean and even result, with no damage or stress done to the sheep. Bioclip could only be used on young and small sheep, with a maximum size of 50kg.Cream coloured netting, stitched in a flattened cylinder shape with a hole at each end (for sheep head and tail) and four holes on underside (for sheep legs). Green stitching on one end. -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Digital photo, George L Coop, Redex trial on Whitehorse Road, Mont Albert, 1953
The Redex Reliability Trial 1953 -The first Redex round-Australia reliability trial covered of 6,500 miles (10,500 km), and had a first prize of £1,000. It attracted both amateur and professional drivers in a variety of cars. The route passed through Brisbane, Rockhampton, Townsville, Darwin, Alice Springs, Adelaide and Melbourne before returning to Sydney and attracted much public interest. At the time the idea of driving huge distances around the country in ordinary cars was novel and the logistics were challenging. In many parts of the country there simply wasn’t adequate accommodation or suitably located refuelling stops. The Shell Company facilitated the race by placing petrol dumps along the 5000 km route between Townsville and Adelaide. The race began at the Sydney Showground on 30 August when 192 cars left at three-minute intervals. Of the twenty top finalists, two thirds were sponsored. Ken Tubman and John Marshall won the trial in a Peugeot 203. A black & white photo taken in Whitehorse Road, Mont Albert during the 1953 Redex Trial as a Volkswagen is passing 688 Whitehorse Road on the extreme left. The VW appears to have advertising on its panels indicating it was a competitor in the trial. On the far side of the road is a Morris Minor with a hatted man sitting on the bonnet. The houses in the background are partly obcsured by large hedges.george coop, mont albert, volkswagen, morris minor, redex trial, whitehorse road -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Bottle, Fletts Soda Water Warrnambool
This is a marble stopper bottle that came from the Warrnambool aerated waters factory of John Fletcher. This bottle was filled upside down so that as soon as the filling stopped the marble was forced down to seal the bottle against the rubber ring. Pressure inside the bottle would keep the marble pressed against the top of the bottle. To open the bottle the marble was pressed down where it has fallen into the neck chamber below. The marble stayed inside the bottle when it was tilted for drinking. John Fletcher worked as a young boy at Rowley’s cordial factory in Banyan Street Warrnambool. He then worked for John Davis who had established the Union Cordial Factory in Koroit Street in the 1860s. In 1885 Fletcher bought John Davis’ business and operated it until 1930. It was then bought by Ralph Reeves. John Fletcher manufactured soda water, tonic waters, lemonade, ginger ale, sarsaparilla, cordials, hop beer and hop bitters. This bottle is of some significance as an example of a marble stopper bottle and as a memento of the Warrnambool soft drinks business of John Fletcher. He was a prominent businessman in This is a mauve-coloured glass bottle known as a marble stopper bottle. The base and body are round with the top part of the body heavily indented to form a narrow opening leading to the neck. The neck is rounded and slightly tapering to the moulded round top. A green glass marble is loose in the neck section. The rubber ring at the top of the opening is missing. The details of the soda water manufacturer are embedded into the glass on the sides. ‘John Fletcher Trade Mark (crown symbol) Warrnambool’ ‘Soda Water’ ‘M’ john fletcher, warrnambool, cordial manufacturers in warrnambool, history of warrnambool -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Steam locomotive K-158 at the coal hopper, Echuca Railway Station, November 1963, 1963
THE ECHUCA COALING STAGE. Locomotives would stop alongside to receive coal dropped into their tenders from small overhead rail mounted tipping trays. Water could be obtained from either the elevated tank at one end or the connected standpipe at the opposite end. Locomotive firebox contents could be dumped into pits between the rails from locomotives once they were carefully positioned above them. Such locomotives then could move onto the Engine Shed area for overnight parking. Firebox fires would be re-lit when the locomotive was next needed in a day or so. Image dated as November 1963 based on same image in Port of Echuca collection (possibly frame 32 of film) (print 19.5 x 24.5cm) On reverse in pencil: " K Class at Echuca" Echuca K Class. 1940-1968". In blue pen:" Photo by: George L. Coop Nov 1963" https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/59de9cc421ea6b12dc3f7597Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford FP3 black and white negative transparencycoal hopper, echuca railway station, george coop collection, k-158, k-class steam locomotive (vr newport workshops) -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, WTP, Sturt St taken from Grenville St, c1906
Shows horse-drawn vehicles and one electric tram arriving at the terminus, late in the evening. Shows the little shed at the terminus, and buildings on either side of the Sturt St. People waiting around the tram stop. The tram seems to have a "color" light indicator above the driver. Titled "Sturt Street, Ballarat" in red ink in the top left-hand corner. On the rear of the card, has the stamp "R. M. Noy, Postcard collection", cancellation stamp of Ballarat East, 23.5.07, 1d Victorian stamp. Written to Miss Victoria Kemsey? of 225 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, wishing her many happy returns on the day. Has the logo of WTP." in the top centre of the card. Divided back type. On rear of 2nd copy is a letter to Mrs Spronston of Skelton Cottage Avoca - date stamp not readable. 2nd copy has the publisher "JE" on the rear upper centre.Yields information about Sturt St Ballarat and demonstrates Australian printed colour photo postcards.Colour postcard of Sturt St taken from Grenville St looking down at the Grenville St terminus.Has in pencil $12 along top edge on rear and two stickers "P/U Ballarat" and "Ballarat Vic Tram" both of which had become loose by the time the item was stored.trams, tramways, postcards, sturt st, ballarat, grenville st -
Federation University Historical Collection
Equipment - Casette Tape Recorder, Sanyo, Sanyo Casette Tape Recorder
Early recorders were intended for dictation and journalists, and were typically hand-held battery-powered devices with built-in microphones and automatic gain control on recording. Tape recorder audio-quality had improved by the mid-1970s, and a cassette deck with manual level controls and VU meters became a standard component of home high-fidelity systems.[1] Eventually the reel-to-reel recorder was completely displaced, in part because of the usage constraints presented by their large size, expense, and the inconvenience of threading and rewinding the tape reels - cassettes are more portable and can be stopped and immediately removed in the middle of playback without rewinding. Cassettes became extremely popular for automotive and other portable music applications. Although pre-recorded cassettes were widely available, many users would combine (dub) songs from their vinyl records or cassettes to make a new custom mixtape cassette. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassette_deck) Black and silver electric or battery powered plastic tape recorder wit 5 black and 1 red push button to operate and record on the equipment. The recorder also has a counter and a rec.batter light. electronics, cassetter recorder, recording, tape recorder