The University of Ballarat became Federation University and all sections of the Uni had equipment that needed to be replaced with the new branding. This item came from the Library at the Mount Helen Campus. Due to the size of the stamp and the date section, it is thought to be the stamp used for in-ward mail. Stamp covers dates from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2014.Black and white press down stampTop surface has sample of the stamp to be printed - "University of Ballarat Information Services around the edge with date in middleuniversity of ballarat, federation university australia, library, stamp, date, in-ward mail stamp, mount helen campus

This is part of the A.J. Roddy Collection. The type written 'letter' inside cannot be deciphered as the envelope is stuck with adhesive.An Air mail letter/envelope written to A.J.Roddy while a prisoner of war in Stalag XV111 APrisoner of War post/ KRIEGSGEFANGENEN POST/ Service Des Prisoneiers De Guerre/(White writing on Blue Background) AIR MAIL/ PAR AVION/ (London Post Mark) Dater 21 April 1943// Top right hand corner: 21/2D (Pence) [Stamp Postage] with head of King George V (Blue)// RANK AND NAME (typed) Pte Roddy. A. J./Surname in Block letters British Prisoner of War/ Prisoner of War No (typed) 3557/(se note on flap)/ Camp name & No: (typed) STALAG XV111A G.W. 10511/ including subsidairy/ NUMBERING OR LETTERING/ if any EG WORKING CAMP/ COUNTRY (typed) GERMANYof, collection, war, prisoner, a j, roddy, xv111a, airmail, satalag, kriegsgefangenen, post, germany

Newspaper clipping from "The Mail", 15-8-95, P 13 Ratepayer $2.40 subsidy - by Leonora Elliot-BruceMaroondah City Council has admitted ratepayers will effectively subsidise 1002 properties within the municipality paying differential rates. But a Maroondah City Council spokesman said the amount was so small it was not worth worrying about . Corporate Services Manager, Paul Roche, said it would cost ratepayers $2.40 each to cushion the properties which are paying differential rates after being included in Maroondah during council amalgamations.

``Newspaper clipping from "The Mail" 1-6-94 OUR people Map your dayThe Ringwood Council's recent launch of an exciting and innovative promotional map means that residents have recreational information at their fingertips. The "Recreation in Ringwood"poster details recreational pograms, services, clubs and facilities throughout the city`

``Newspaper clipping from "The Mail" 13-07-93 P15 NEWS Watch Retiring councillors slam councilRetiring Councillor Robin Gardini has hit out at Ringwood Council after announcing his retirement. After 15 years service, Cr Gardini complained that the calibre of persons coming in is highly political. Another retiring Councillor, Leo Dineen said the way meetings were conducted contributed to his retirement. "The disruptive conditions are not in the best interests of people", he said.`

``Newspaper clipping from "The Mail", 21-5-96 P3. Study reveals lack of youth services. By JAMIE DUNCAN Limited housing, a lack of youth-specific health services and the need for inexpensive and free counselling, were some of the issues uncovered by a council-initiated youth study. It will now be follwed by a forum to discuss the future of young people with Maroondah's chief commissioner Moreton Brown declaring the council should lead the charge in developinfg a youth services plan.`

Newspaper Clipping from "The Mail",18 February 1997, Page 9, "Friends furious over felled tree"'The removal of a towering gum tree at the new Ringwood Bowling Club in Loughnan Road has outraged the Friends of Mullum Mullum Valley. Ken McInness, convenor of the Friends of Mullum Mullum Valley was angered by this happening, but the Council's manager of Engineering Services, John Trevorah, said the tree had been earmarked for removal at the start of the project.The President of the Ringwood Bowling Club, Maurice Boyd, said it was "an extremely dirty gum tree and that he'd asked the council to remove it. No permit was required.

Newspaper Clipping from "The Mail", 22 June 1993, Page 8, "Accident leads to award". Article written by Jodie HaythorneMany Ringwood landmarks are living testaments to the work of Alan Robertson.The former Ringwood Council chief executive officer was instrumental in developing the city's library, cultural and convention centre, aquatic centre, district centre and bypass. Mr Robertson received an Order of Australia medal (OAM) in the Queen's Birthday honors for service to local government and engineering.

Newspaper Clipping from "The Mail", 24- 9 -1996. P19 "Teenagers' efforts rewarded"'. The community service work of two Maroondah teenagers has been recognised in seperate awards named in the Queen's honour. Paul Voutier, a Boys Brigade member from Ringwood, has earned his Queen's badge. Meanwhile, Warranwood teenager AndrewTiley will be presented with the Queen's Scout badge for his experience and leadership with the North Ringwood Venturers.

Newspaper Clipping from "The Mail", 11-6-96. P5. "Ringwood men receive honors", written by Rebecca ThorpeTwo Maroondah re sidents have been acknowledged in the Queen's Birthday honors list. North Ringwood residents Graeme Ford and Bruce Colcott were awarded the Public Service Medal and the Medal of the Order of Australia, respectively.

Ringwood Post - 1st September 1960 - RC Horman elected as new Mayor of Ringwood The Age - 1st September 1960 - RC Horman elected as new Mayor of Ringwood Ringwood Mail - 8th september 1960 - Church service at St Paul's Church celebrating the opening of the municipal year

John Hitchen was the manager of the first Cheltenham Post Office that opened 1/8/1857 in a boot and shoe store. Mail was transported to and from St Kilda to Cheltenham by coach 6 days a week and an additional service twice weekly to Tootgarook via Frankston also by coach. 1868 Post office Savings Bank began operation and the Telegraph office was established at the Railway Station 1885. A new building was built 1891 in Point Nepean Road for the official Cheltenham Post Office and a new manual telephone exchange began 1899 with 24 subscribers. By 1909 100 subscribers, 1951 there were 1700 and in 1974 12,000 subscribers . Hence this new building was designed by Oscar A. T. Gimsey & Assoc. and built by T W Morris & Sons Mordialloc. Mr G Clayton Federal MP Isaacs, opened the Post Office with Moorabbin City Council Mayor C.R McHutchison, Mr WJB Pollock, Director Posts and Telegraphs, and hands the Key of the post Office to Mr L De Longville Postmaster.The Post Office was an integral part to the development and prosperity of the Cheltenham area as the area grew from pioneer settlers in the 1850's to flourishing market gardens c1900 and industrial diversity of 1974.Program for the 'Official Opening of the Cheltenham Post Office' November 29th 1974 with a black and white photo of the building.city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, parish of moorabbin, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b., bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman s, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, post office, telegraph, st kilda station, tootgarook, frankston, clayton g mhr, mchutchison r.p mayor, pollock w j b mp, market gardens, early settlers, horse coach, de longville l postmaster

Insertion Information Sheet for: pounds Act 1958 - 18/1994. Mailing Date: 1st September 1994. Contains four pages. The first page mentions the page No., Section Nos., Type of Alteration, and the Act No. that caused alteration and extra Information. The second page has details of the printer, Penryn Printing Service Pty. Ltd. And the Pounds Act 1958 Reprint No. 2. The third page is headed: Pounds Act 1958 No. 6341 and an important notice. The fourth page is the amendment.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - insertion information sheet for: pounds act 1958 - 18/1994, penryn printing service pty ltd

Black and white photograph. Cobb & Co coach with two men in costume on driver's seat, three men in costume with rifles on back. One man in coach. Large crowd of people surrounding the coach. In image: 'Cobb & Co', 'Mail'. On back: 'MP 192'. Circular stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. 'Copyright, Bendigo Advertiser, Bendigo Advertiser Photographic Service. For re-order quote CD 257', '1960, 97'.Bendigo Advertiserperson, group, centenary, see also 2000/511.01, 2000.512.01, 2000.513.01, 2000.514.01, 2000.515.01, 2000.516.01, 2000.517.01, 2000.518.01, 2000.519.01, 2000.520.01, 2000.521.01, 2000.522.01, 2000.523.01

The Victorian Mail Network brochures, two with Official Opening of the Bendigo Mail Centre Programs. The Opening took place on Monday, 5th December, 1977.In the program are some Postal Historical notes and the program for the day. The brochure Victorian Mail Network has a map of the postal districts of Victoria with Country and Metropolitan Mail Centres and some notes on the front. On the inside, is another map from Kyneton - Echuca, Robinvale, Wentworth, Ouyen and to Bendigo via Charlton. Also Castlemaine. It has a list of the Benefits of the Scheme. On the back is a table, Standard of Service - Final posting times.bendigo, institutions, bendigo post office, document, official opening of the bendigo mail centre, the hon. eric l. robinson, m.h.r., joseph cusworth, sir john nimmo, john w henderson, r j page, cr r f turner, c g primmer, j w bourchier, b coughlan

Official Opening of the Bendigo Mail Centre, Deborah Street, Quarry Hill. By The Hon. Eric L Robinson, M.H.R. Minister for Post and Telecommunications at 2p.m. on Monday, 5th December, 1977. Historical Notes, details the history of the Bendigo Postal services Commencing in 1852. Proceedings. . . State Manager of Australia Post, Mr R J Page. . . Mayor Cr. R F Turner. . . Senator C G Primmer. . . Federal Member Mr. J W Bourchier. . . Mr Barry Coughlan. . . Inspection of Mail Centre.event, official, bendigo mail centre, official opening of the bendigo mail centre, deborah street, quarry hill. by the hon. eric l robinson, m.h.r. minister for post and telecommunications 5th december, 1977. details the history of the bendigo postal services commencing in 1852. proceedings. . . state manager of australia post, mr r j page. . . mayor cr. r f turner. . . senator c g primmer. . . federal member mr. j w bourchier. . . mr barry coughlan. . . inspection of mail centre.

A large cardboard folder containing (i) newspaper cuttings from various sources. These sources are, ' Illustrated London News,' ' Herald,' ' The Mail,' ' Herald,' ' Age', ' The Sun News-Pictorial,' and ' Everybody's,' and are dated 1938-1970. (ii) A copy of the 'Bendigo Advertiser,' dated Wednesday, November 27, 1968. (iii) 2 ' Bendigo Advertiser,' supplements dated February 16, 1963 and November 27, 1968. (iv) An 8 page fascimile of 'The Age' newspaper celebrating the move of the newspaper to a new building in Spencer Street. There is also some correspondance between Lydia Chancellor and Mr. M.P.J. Hurrell the Promotions Officer at 'The Age.' (v) An article titled ' John Fairfax 1804-1877 Maker of The Sydney Morning Herald,' from 'The Home,' March 1, 1941. An article titled, ' The Day & Age of David Syme,' from 'Walkabout' February, 1963. Information re the Lutine Bell at Lloyds of London. Articles re 'THE MAIL' newspaper for Bendigo beginning in 1968. Article by Claudia Wright re jumpsuits, Champagne and toys. Article Re Baron Julius de Reuter, founder of the Reuters news service. The Crystal Palace in London.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, various articles, lydia chancellor collection, collection, newspapers, ' the age' newspaper, ephemera, ' the bendigo advertiser.'

Email from "Heike Dansard" Only two specimens remain in the Bayer archival collection. ref: email in 'Historical Information'.Oiled rectangular thick cardboard box with printed text on paper label on outside containing white crystalline powder. Top of box lifts off as lid.On box top : BAYER BAYER' as a cross with 'Y" as the centre set in a circle in a square margin. side 1. 'CYCLOFORM FabinFabriken orm (?) FRIEDR.BAYER & Co leverkusen a/ Coln a/ Rh pharmaceohscbe.......'. Side 2. ......'CYCLOFORM............BASYER BAYER Brevate et nom depose en Allamagne et dans la pluparet des autres pays industrials'. (translation : Patent name and deposited in Germany and most other industrial countries). Side 3. ' ......Weiderwerkaul..................in...........CYCLOFORM.........MARKE BAYER BAYER..................Name.....MARKE..................und.............ichgeschuzt.........ubrigon.anaesthetic

Letters enclosed within cardboard enclosures. Written on outside ' Air Mail, 'Flown Covers' R.K. Munro, 63 Pyke Street, Bendigo, Vic. Aus.' Stamped underneath stamp 'booking agents for Australian Aerial Services Ltd. Per Aerial Mail'. Airmail Envelopes sundry addresses : 9 addressed to Wilkinson & Lavender, Melbourne - from Hay, NSW. (no contents); 1 addressed to K Munro c/o Box 808J GPO Melbourne - contains 3 used 3d. Stamps (Airmail Service). Stamped on back of one envelope: Wilkinson & Lavender Ltd., Riverina Office, Hay, N.S.W. Auctioneers, Stock & Station Agents, Sydney & Hay. Date 10 May, 1929, stamped on back of envelope.communication, postal, airmail

Requesting reprints of articles published overseas is a common medical practice, as can be seen by the templates used in this collection. See 2024.40.6 for a copy of the article that is being requested on these notices. Dr Margaret Alison Mackie (1910-1991) was in active practice between 1936 and 1970. She was a Fellow of the College, and was appointed a Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for services to medicine in 1975. Collection of ten notices (a-j) received by Dr Margaret Alison Mackie via mail from the United States, Germany, Hungary, and Israel requesting a copy of her published article 'Treatment of Toxaemia of Pregnancy.' Notes are either printed on cardboard or on paper. Requests are from the following: a. Paul Rabinowitz, MD, Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn, NY, United States, June 1961 b. Dr. Joachim Reich, Kinderklick der Karl Marx Universitat, Leipzig, Germany, August 1 1961 c. Dr. Judith Erneszt, Budapest, Hungary d. Dr. Reinhold Schwarz, Universitats Frauenklinik, Rostock, Germany e. Dr W. Selby, Beershiba, Israel f. Dr. Albert Altchek, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, United States, May 29 1961 g. Dr. Horst Echtermeyer, Frauenklinik der. Med. Academie, Magdeburg, Germany, July 25 1961 h. Dr. H. Spitzbart, Universitats Frauenklinik, Leipzig, Germany, July 26 1961 i. Dr. G. Fekete, Scientific Department, Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter, Budapest, Hungary, July 29 1961 j. Dr. Max v. Clarmann, Munich, Germany, 20 June 1961 obstetrics

These items contributes to an understanding of an understanding of the experience of family and friends of those who serviced in the war in Vietnam.2 letters via Airmail from Vietnam to Australia. To Miss S. Richards from J. Hartwell - 3794001.Air Mail/Australian Force/Vietnam/Free/Miss S Richards/9 Seaview Cres/ Black Rock/3193/Vicletters, j hartwell, 3794001

During prestige, long distance train journeys some carriages had air-conditioning, and the majority of passengers had to brave unheated carriages. To offer some comfort during the winter months, the non-air-conditioned carriages were provided with footwarmers. These were metal containers roughly 100 mm thick and 300 mm wide, and about 750 mm long, which were filled with salt crystals (concentrated crystalline hydrated sodium acetate). The footwarmers were covered by sleeves of thick canvas, and two footwarmers were usually placed in each compartment of non-air-conditioned carriages. To activate the chemicals, the footwarmers were heated almost to boiling point. This was done by removing the canvas sleeves and placing the footwarmers in a large bath of very hot water. After they had been heated, they were removed from the bath and the sleeves refitted. They were then ready to be placed in the carriages. The McLaren patent foot warmer was used on railways in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia as well as South Africa and New Zealand. It was during the 1901 royal visit by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall that these foot warmers were first used in New Zealand in the royal carriage. Before railway carriage heating was introduced, McLaren patent foot warmers were placed on the floor of New South Wales government railway carriages from 1891 to provide a little passenger comfort. The rectangular steel container worked a bit like a hot water bottle but instead of water contained six and a half kilograms of loosely-packed salt crystals, (concentrated crystalline hydrated sodium acetate). This was permanently sealed inside the container with a soldered cap. After the foot warmer was heated in vat of boiling water for about one and a quarter hours the crystals became a hot liquid. (The melting point for sodium acetate is 58 degrees). There was a whole infrastructure of special furnaces set up at stations for the daily heating of foot warmers. By 1914 the Victorian railways had 4,000 foot warmers in service and by 1935 there were 33 furnaces at principal stations to heat them. After about 10 hours the container was picked up by the handle and given a good vertical shake which helped the cooled liquid reform into a solid mass of hot crystals. Staff or sometimes passengers shook them en route when the foot warmers began to get cold. However, as they were heavy this was only possible by fit and agile passengers. At the end of the journey the containers were boiled again for reuse on the next trip. Sodium acetate railway foot warmers were introduced in Victoria in 1889, Adelaide to Melbourne express in 1899. "Shaking up" on this service took place at Murray Bridge and Stawell on the tip to Melbourne and at Ballarat and Serviceton on the trip to Adelaide. The use of foot warmers began to decline in New South Wales from the 1930s with the first trial of carriage air-conditioning in 1936, steam heating from 1948 ad LP gas heating from 1961. By the early 1960s the main services using foot warmers were the overnight mail trains. info from : http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=67564#ixzz4UBNzVf6t Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial There was a whole infrastructure set up at stations for the daily heating of foot warmers in special furnaces. In Victoria alone in 1935 there were 33 heating works.Historic - Victorian Railways - Carriage Heater - Foot warmerA rectangular-shaped stainless steel casing with a welded seam down the back and welded ends. There is a handle at one end for carrying and shaking. Inside the foot warmer are two baffle plates and three trays to contain the sodium acetate. There was a cast-iron ball in each internal compartment. puffing billy, victorian railways, carriage haeter, foot warmer, passenger comfort, station furnace, railway ephemera, early heating methods

The Methodist Order of Knights was the official youth organisation of the Methodist Church of Australasia. It originated in Hurstville, NSW, on the 4th October 1914 by the then Mr and later Rev Alex Bray. Alex Bray was a Sunday School teacher and spoke to his class of the Knights of the Round Table. In 1917 the Order of Knights was officially recognised by the Sunday School Dept of the NSW Methodist Conference. Courts spread thoroughout Australia. In 1927 the High Court of NSW called for designs for a badge and in 1929 the General Conference of the Methodist Church of Australasia recognised the Order as an approved Organisation. In 1938 the Senior Section was organised into Degrees of Sincerity, Service and Sacrifice; the Junior Section into Pages' Degree with advancement to Esquire. In 1954 the Junior Section was reorganised into two groups: Pages 8 to 11 years and Esquires 12 to 15 years. The Knight's Motto: "Live Pure, Speak True, Right Wrong, Follow Christ the King, else wherefore born?" Courts of the Order: General Conference Department of the Christian Education - General Court - Provincial High Court - District Court - Local Court - Senior Court - Intermediate Court - Junior Court . Regalia: All members of the Intermediate and Senior Courts wore regalia consisting of a cloth shield superimposed by a cross of light and dark blue ribbons, and supported by a cloth collar. Esquire and Degree of Sincerity regalia: White collar and white shield. Degree of Service regalia: Green collar and shield. Degree of Sacrifice: Scarlet collar and shield. District Court regalia: Blue collar and gold shield. High Court regalia: Gold collar and purple sheild. General Court regalia: Purple collar and shield. Officers of the local courts wore their symbols as part of their regalia.Template for a mailing wrapper fro The Vigil with the MOK symbol and Order Of Knights postal address P.O.Box 173, Bulleen, Vic 3105.methodist order of knights, the vigil

This antenna was used between 1989 and 1990 to help receive the daily news service in the Greek language directly from Athens, Greece. At the time, news from Greece for the Greek people in Australia were arriving in Melbourne a week late, on newspapers from Athens sent through air-mail. These newspapers were displayed at Salapatas and Carras newsagents at Lonsdale street in Melbourne. One thing that was a problem for this service was that the news came at least 7 days late. Using the Shortwave Antenna we could get the latest news from Athens on shortwave radio directly and within an hour these news were recorded on a cassette tape and taken to the Tricom Group P.L. offices in Melbourne (1155 Malvern Road, Malvern 3144). The tape was loaded onto a system which allowed people to call a local phone number and listen to the latest news with a cost of a local call, or a little bit more. As this was prior to the Internet being established around the globe, it was the fastest news service directly from Greece, in the Greek language. It was used for a span of about 12 months, until Tricom closed down their dial-in services, sometime in 1990. The service was captured and loaded onto the system by Iakovos Garivaldis, then an employee of the Tricom Group which was a subsidiary of Southern Cross TV.The Primary significance of this object is of its historical value, social and informative value for the first generation of Greeks in Victoria"World Tuner AT4 SW" antenna with a 920mm fully extended aerial, a tuned circuit and two transistors to prevent loading of the antenna and boost signal output. It is made of plastic, black in colour with the aerial being made of steel. The signals picked up by the antenna are fed via a 15pF ceramic capacitor to a tuned circuit consisting of either VC1a or VC1b and either L1, L2, L3 or L4. The slider switch S1 selects the band to be tuned. The band range is normally from 3 to 30MHz. When S1 is in position A, L1 and VC1a are selected and the antenna can be tuned from 3-9MHz. Similarly positions B, C, and D select higher frequencies up to 30MHz. It was purchased by Iakovos Garivaldis for this use for $119.WORLD TUNER AT4 SW "Amplituned" Shortwave Antennaantenna, radio, short-wave, language, greek

The Orungal was originally built in Glasgow in 1923 for the Khedival Mail Steamship & Graving Dock Company of Egypt and named the S.S. Fezara. Due to the effects on steamship companies of the Great Depression including the steep costs of building new ships and increases in running costs and port charges, no new passenger ships had been ordered in Australia since before World War One. To meet demand for passenger berths, the Fezara (5826 tons) along with its sister ship the Famaka (5856 tons, renamed Ormiston), were chartered by the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company Ltd (A.U.S.N.Co.) in 1927. Both the A.U.S.N.Co and the Khedival Mail Steamship Co. were part of the P&O Group. The Orungal operated in this role as an interstate passenger and mail steamer between 1927 and 1940, being used mainly on the Melbourne to Queensland and Western Australian runs, with 240 single class berths. Following the outbreak of World War Two six of the nine large passenger liners servicing mainland Australian passenger and mail trades were requisitioned by the Government to ferry equipment, troops and supplies. Some of them were converted to armed merchant cruisers and used for patrol work and escort duties in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Orungal had originally been requisitioned by the government along with the Zealandia on 25 June 1940, to transport troops to Darwin, but was returned to commercial service because "of her unsuitability", perhaps too slow for the demands of the work. Despite being rejected for patrol and convoy duties the Orungal still had a vital role as one of only three passenger liners left to service the mainland Australian trade. Following its requisitioning by the Government shortly after war broke out, it had been fitted out with defensive armament. On its final voyage arriving at Port Phillip Heads from Sydney, Captain Gilling was attempting to enter the Heads ahead of a worsening south-westerly storm and, with a minefield known to have been laid in the area, had been warned by the Navy not to deviate from the swept channel. The captain and crew held fears that in the stormy seas a mine may have been carried away. In the worsening weather a blur of lights at Barwon Heads was mistaken for Port Lonsdale, and the Orungal steamed ashore onto Formby Reef, just east of the entrance of the Barwon River - instead of passing safely through the middle of the Rip. At the Marine Board Inquiry Capt. Gilling - who had been master of the Orungal since 1926 - stated that after becoming uneasy about his position and changing course to starboard one point: " At 10.21 pm I ordered the engine room to stand by and gave instructions for the patent log to be hauled in and for the sounding-gear to be got ready. Approximately two minutes later, in a flash of lightning, I saw land off the port beam. I immediately recognised it as Barwon Heads, and ordered the helm to be put hard to starboard, but the vessel struck before she had time to answer the helm" Barwon Heads and Ocean Grove residents were startled to hear the shrill blast of the ship's whistle, followed by the bright flares and explosions of signal rockets. The Queenscliff lifeboat crew, who had responded to the tragic collision between the Goorangai and another passenger liner the Duntroon in Port Phillip Bay less than 24 hours earlier, were later praised for their efforts in safely taking off all the passengers and crew. Most of the passengers were asleep at the time of the wreck, and were woken up by the commotion, the ship shaking "from stem to stern" and stewards ordering them to lifeboat stations in driving rain. It was a dramatic time with the ship siren wailing and distress rockets being fired. It was reported that "When it was found the ship was safe, the passengers all went to the music room. There they sang and danced for several hours. The ship's orchestra played merrily, and amateur performers among the passengers clowned, danced and sang to keep the laughter going. In the early hours of the morning passengers went to their cabins, most of them to sleep soundly while the keel grated on the rocks". At dawn the Queenscliff lifeboat arrived at the scene having been launched at 2.30am, and cautiously approached the ship which was being "battered by mountainous seas". By 5am oil from a burst oil line was helping to calm seas around the Orungal sufficiently enough for the lifeboat to approach, and all the passengers and crew were taken off in several trips by the lifeboat. A Court of Inquiry later found that the wreck was caused by an abnormal set of current to the north-west and cleared the officers and crew of neglect of duty. The sight of a huge liner almost on the beach saw an unprecedented amount of traffic as people drove an estimated 10,000 cars, using some 60,000 gallons of fuel in a time of strict petrol rationing, to see the spectacle. Salvage operations began in an attempt to refloat the vessel, scheduled for the high tide on 15 December 1940. However, during these operations, at 2.30 am on 13 December 1940, a major fire broke out, believed to have been caused by spontaneous combustion in the boiler room. The ship was soon ablaze, with smoke pouring from its hatches and ventilators, and at mid-morning the magazine exploded fiercely. Of the 60 men working aboard the vessel two were severely burned and had to be taken to Geelong Hospital. The gathered spectators witnessed the eerie sight of the ship's hull glowing red when night fell. The well-known building demolition contractor Whelan the Wrecker bought the salvage rights, and methodically proceeded to dismantle the ship and its fittings. The drama was not yet over for the wreckers when - without warning - the burnt-out hulk was 'attacked' by RAAF for strafing practice. Salvage rights were transferred to another private owner in 1963. By 1945 the combined effects of the exposed location, fire and salvage had seen what was left of the wreck disappear beneath the waves. The site today is marked by two of the four Scotch type boilers sitting upright and exposed at low tide, just north-east of the small boats channel at the entrance to Barwon Heads. Large sections of steel hull plating and framing, and impressively large pieces of ships structure and machinery including masts, booms, deck winches, propeller shaft, flywheel, and a thrust block lie scattered about and make the site an interesting shallow dive. It is interesting to compare the site of the Orungal with the intact remains of similar large passenger ships scuttled in deep water in the Ships' Graveyard, such as the Milora and Malaita. The site is subject to waves and surge, and is best dived on flat calm days The teacup originated from the SS Orungal and was likely used heavily in the ship's life as a passenger, mail and cargo carrier around Australia. The teacup is significant for its connections to SS Orungal and of this ships connected story of being sunk in extraordinary circumstances in the local region. A.U.S.N. Co. Ltd. Teacup salvaged from SS Orungal ss orungal, fezara, world war two, barwon heads, ocean grove

Receiver was obtained from Supply Branch of Telecom Australia. It was located by Harold Bakes (early member of the Nunawading Historical Society) at the Hawthorn Line depot and Society purchased. It was stored at the former City of Nunawading Depot in Station Street, Nunawading. It was noticed by Postal Services when they were building the Nunawading Mail Exchange and loaned to them whilst it remained in the City of Nunawading at the Mail Exchange. The had it refurbished and it stood in the Mail Exchange vestibule. When the exchange closed it was taken to Dandenong. It took much negotiation before it was returned to the Society.Alternative Name: Letter Receiver Large round cast iron Letter Receiver surmounted with a gold crown on domes to pointed top. Top has a gold cast iron fancy fringe and below on the main body a further gold plain fringe. Door follows the contour of the round receiver and cover about on of the body. Handle of door is in shape of a fist painted gold. Receiver is mounted on a cast iron base (could have been all cast together) approx 3/8 of the overall height of 250cm. Receiver is painted Pillar Box Red - base which is placed in ground is mid green. From a similar Receiver installed near the Prahran Railway it would appear that half of the base is above ground. Station It has five oblong holes. Cast into the body between the two fringes are a letter opening and two words POST OFFICE and Receiving Pillar.Cast into Receiver - POST OFFICE / Letter Receiver In door - transfer with crown and E11Rcommunication, postal, historical society

Paul Frank has restored a 1940s pillar box which is used in a 'Post early for Christmas' display. Photograph. Cutting from Nunawading Gazette, 22/11/1993eastern mail centre, postal services, christmas, historical society

A pottery factory at 129 Whitehorse Road, Blackburn. Became the PMG mail sorting centre and is now a Sikh Temple, GURUDWARAnon-fictione g greenway pty ltd, gurudwara sikh, postal services

One of a series of Goldfield Heritage Books, Outbreak at Ballarat was published by BHS Publishing and written by Clare Gervasoni. Blue soft covered book with a contemporary account of the Eureka Stockade.eureka stockade, castlemaine, mount alexander, clare gervasoni