Sepia photograph on cream board. Shows Bendigo Flat houses from Wattle Hill. Inscription: Above, 'Views of Bendigo No.34'. Below, 'Bendigo Flat as seen from Wattle Hill'. 'N.J.Caire Photo, Sandhurst'. Bottom, 'Casey & Wenborn Print Forbes & Holmes, Agents', 'This Flat twenty years since, was a busy seen with it's thousands of Diggers, breaking the native soil in search of Gold. The canvas tents then used have long since giving place to more solid and comfortable domiciles constructed of wood and bricks. Nicholas CaireN.J.Caireplace, bendigo, bendigo flat, see, 'views of bendigo' by n.j.caire, prev. ref.: 'mp154'

Cast iron mercury bucket, used to hold mercury, potentially in the process of recovering minute pieces of gold mixed in soil and sediments. See research page for description of one process of using mercury to extract gold.gold mines, mining equipment, mercury bucket, miners used mercury in a number of ways to amalgamate gold, with each mill or battery operator having their preferred method depending on the nature of the ore. by the late 1850s the most common way of crushing goldbearing quartz ores or consolidated alluvial cements was in a stamp battery. the battery featured heavy iron stamp heads held in a frame, with each head often weighing up to 500 pounds (226 kg) or more (see msv 1880, page 45) (birrell 2005). stamp heads were lifted and dropped by a rotating overhead cam shaft driven by a steam engine or water wheel. ore was fed into a large cast-iron battery box, mixed with a steady stream of water, and pulverised by the stamp heads. in some batteries, mercury was placed in the base of the boxes to amalgamate with freed gold. the violent agitation of the mercury in the mortar box, however, could cause the mercury to break into myriad tiny globules that were carried away by the water with the tailings, thus losing a certain amount of gold in the process (thompson 1867; ritchie & hooker 1997). the water and sand slurry was splashed by the falling stamps from the box through fine mesh screens and onto inclined wooden tables below the mortar box (figure 2). the tables were covered with copper sheets or plates coated with mercury, which caught and amalgamated with a portion of the gold. the grey putty-like amalgam was periodically scraped off the sheets and retorted in a furnace to collect the gold and recover the mercury for reuse. mercury was inevitably lost from the plates, while poor maintenance resulted in further losses of gold and mercury in the tailings. mercury use and loss from gold mining in 19th century victoria. peter davies1, susan lawrence, and jodi turnbull, department of archaeology and history, la trobe university.

Mediun size, Yellow and Orange Front Cover. Brown fabric Spine. White back. Heavy white envelope inside back cover that contains mapsnon-fictionReport on public land use in the Murray Valley area in 1983soils and land use

Enlargement. of black and white photograph B91.172 Chemistry class. R.D.M. Soil Indicator colour chart on table and substances in test tubes. Front row: Margot George, Peter Smith. A further enlargement (B92.564) was used in the Centennial Display. Same students in B91.174.Inscribed, Students in Class Room Burnley Gardens B19-1238. Similar Negs B19-1237. Dup B87, B19-1239. Dup B88, B19-1240. Dup B89."r.d.m. soil indicator, colour chart, test tubes, margot george, peter smith, students in class, chemistry class

Two Colour Photgraphs: 7078 One Male Greg Cameronwith a blue cap and glasses crouched behind an Ore Truck, photo taken outside. 7078a showing a painted red box, with faded paint, covered in soil with a broken open door that was used as a powder magazine.mining

Used on wash days to scrub clothes by hand.All wood rectangular washing board.Has a frame with legs.On one side it has a slatted board upon which soiled clothes were rubbed.Constructed with metal nails, now rusted.Nonewashing, clothes, washboard

Feed for sheep farming is crucially important. Whether growing a sheep for breeding, wool or meat, it is vital to ensure that all sheep at whatever stage of life are maintaining or growing in weight. Sheep are often pictured grazing in paddocks; however, the grass available in a paddock is often not enough to maintain a sheep’s weight. In addition, if a sheep eats grass too low in a paddock then corrosion can affect the soil preventing any grass from growing in this location. For these reasons, supplementary feed is introduced to sheep’s diets. In most occasions’ food high in protein such as Lupins is sought. In times such as drought or to makeup a sheep’s roughage; feed such as silage, hay and straw may be required in the feeding of sheep. This is where the sickle is introduced to sheep farming. Although modern-day machines are used to harvest cereals, in times past the sickle was used for harvesting these crops. Once harvested, these crops can be fed to sheep freshly cut or dried. This sickle has been on display for 30 years at the National Wool Museum. It was at the entrance to Gallery One in the “A New Europe” wood hut display case. It was taken off display in 2021 with the “On the Land” redevelopment of this gallery space.Curved Metal serrated blade extending from carved dark wooden handletools of the trade, sheep feed, sheep farming

Steel-jawed rabbit traps were widely used in urban and rural Australia from 1880 to 1980. This trap is symbolic of the battle that Australians have waged against burgeoning rabbit populations for over a century. Despite the fact that most children first learn about rabbits as cute and cuddly animals, rabbits cause enormous damage to Australian soils and biodiversity. The introduction of rabbits to this country was an environmental disaster. Lane's Ace rabbit trap was the most commonly used trap in Australia. Hundreds of thousands of the traps were made and used in this country. As such, this item is representative of every day life in Australia during the period from 1880 to 1980. During the Great Depression from 1929 to 1932, rabbit trapping was a means of survival for many people. Rabbits provided meat and pelts which were sold for making felt hats such as the Akubra.On base of trap - "LANE'S" ACErabbit

Probably used for carving roast at table by covering table cloth to prevent soiling of the table cloth.White cotton cloth embroidered with the word 'carver' and carving fork and knife.manchester, table linen, handcrafts, needlework

Summer weight buggy rugs were used in the early part of the century in horse drawn vehicles to keep dust from earth roads from soiling traveller's clothing.White cotton rug with red stripes and fringing in red and white.personal effects, travel goods

Wooden handle with metal three-pronged fork attached. Used for weeding, soil preparation, or to dig trenches in the ground when planting plants or seeds.

Four enameled kidney dishes. A kidney dish (British English) or emesis basin (American English) is a shallow basin with a kidney-shaped base and sloping walls used in medical and surgical wards to receive soiled dressings and other medical waste. The shape of the dish allows it to be held against the patient's body to catch any falling fluids or debris. Various sizes of emesis basins are common in healthcare settings. Aileen and John Ellison Collectionmedical, kidney dish

Prue Sanderson, in her groundbreaking ‘City of Kew Urban Conservation Study : Volume 2 - Development History’ (1988), summarised the periods of urban development and subdivisions of land in Kew. The periods that she identified included 1845-1880, 1880-1893, 1893-1921, 1921-1933, 1933-1943, and Post-War Development. These periods were selected as they represented periods of rapid growth or decline in urban development. An obvious starting point for Sanderson’s groupings involved population growth and the associated economic cycles. These cycles also highlighted urban expansion onto land that was predominantly rural, although in other cases it represented the decline and breakup of large estates. A number of the plans in the Kew Historical Society’s collection can also be found in other collections, such as those of the State Library of Victoria and the Boroondara Library Service. A number are however unique to the collection.The Kew Historical Society collection includes almost 100 subdivision plans pertaining to suburbs of the City of Melbourne. Most of these are of Kew, Kew East or Studley Park, although a smaller number are plans of Camberwell, Deepdene, Balwyn and Hawthorn. It is believed that the majority of the plans were gifted to the Society by persons connected with the real estate firm - J. R. Mathers and McMillan, 136 Cotham Road, Kew. The Plans in the collection are rarely in pristine form, being working plans on which the agent would write notes and record lots sold and the prices of these. The subdivision plans are historically significant examples of the growth of urban Melbourne from the beginning of the 20th Century up until the 1980s. A number of the plans are double-sided and often include a photograph on the reverse. A number of the latter are by noted photographers such as J.E. Barnes.The Normanby Heights Estate not unusually used hyperbole to attract purchasers to the auction of 17 lots facing Argyle Street (sic), Pleasant Avenue and Normanby Road. Predictably factors appealed to included the proximity to schools etc, the availability of public utilities, friable soil, picturesque views and ‘advancing settlement’. If that were not enough, the sales pitch exhorted prospective purchasers to consider their backbone. ‘Thrift is unquestionably the Backbone of any Nation. No better form of Thrift can be encouraged in the young citizen than by investing his or her savings in a piece of land in a growing, healthy and beautiful locality. NORMANBY HEIGHTS ESTATE admirably fits the need.’ The experience of Australia at war undoubtedly contributed to the use of terms such as ‘Backbone of a Nation’ and the appeal to egalitarian principles in the choice of the term ‘young citizen’. The recognition that women had savings and might be the prospective purchaser also reflects a new sense of the rights and entitlements of women in the postwar period.subdivision plans - kew, normanby heights estate, pleasant avenue, normanby road, argyle street

Hyams, Frederick. Pte 17982 4th F.TroopWorld War I Red Cross fund-raising badge. According to contemporary newspaper articles the Commonwealth Button Fund issued buttons of this design for a Victorian Red Cross appeal in July 1915. All funds raised during the appeal were to be used for the support of the Australian Red Cross and the servicmen in their care. Between 300,000-400,000 of the buttons were distributed. Pezikian & Anderson (2017: 14) identify the badge's maker as the Victorian Christian Endeavour UnionCircular pressed metal badge with a plastic coated obverse, metal back and attached pin. In the centre of the obverse, a printed illustration of a Red Cross flag and printed text appears on a red ink background surrounded by a white border. The badge is discoloured. The metal back of the badge is soiled and tarnished.

The donor George Lister Coop was about 21 years of age when he took this photo in 1958. This photo is of Annesley Home for the Aged at 692-694 Whitehorse Road. It was originally a Methodist, later a Uniting Church facility. The new sections in the photo was part of an extension built in 1958. A further extension encompassing 21 beds occurred in 1971. A Queen Anne / Edwardian brick attic home was built on No 694 in 1908 for William Pilkington, a manufacturer and was called 'St Martins'. Ownership stayed in this family until c1950. It was retained as part of the facility. Alan Holt's register of 3127 properties list 34 residents in 1980, of which all but 3 were female. The property was replaced by apartments in c2018 but had ceased function as a nursing home quite a number of years prior to this and in the interim appeared to be used for temporary accommodation. A street view of new brick veneer 2 storey extensions to Annesley Home for the Aged. It does not show the original home 'St Martin's' that the facility was built around. In the foreground the pile of soil relates to the excavation works undertaken in widening Whitehorse Road.george l coop, whitehorse road, mont albert, annesley home for the aged, uniting church, st martins, pilkington family

All photographs appear in the Student Magazine "Orroroo" 1970Students engaged in various activities. (1) Eating refreshments in an Orchard, possibly on an excursion. (2) Chemistry class. (3) Working in the Orchard extracting tubes of soil. (4) Pruning fruit trees using metal and wooden ladders. (5) Tea break. (6) Working in the Plant Science Laboratory. On reverse, "Rhododendron leaf analysis." (7) Working in a glasshouse.students, activities, excursion, chemistry class, orchard, pruning, fruit trees, tea break, glasshouse, student magazine, orroroo, science projects, soil analysis

9 slides labelled, describing the use of Rock Dust Nov 86. Ways of applying Rock Dust - Proximity of holes of aerator. 2. Rock Dust Application - Hole made by soil aerator (Allen Miller). 3. - Hole made by soil aerator. 4. Rock Dust - Aerator pattern. 5. - Aerator hole layout. 6. - Soil aerator (Allen Miller). 7. - Aerator tine layout. 8. - Tine layout. 9. - Width of aerator holes.rock dust, fertilizer, aerator, allen miller, aerator holes, application

A plain blue hardcover textbook, Elements of Agriculture by W. Fream, LL.D. The spine has the title, author symbol for The Royal Agricultural Society of England, price 2/6 and the publisher John Murray written in gold lettering. it has three parts to the contents, the soil, the plant and the animal along with an Index of plants and a general index. At the back there are listed pamphlets published by the Society and books relevant to the topic. Diagrams, illustrations, tables and charts are included. 450p.non-fictionAn English textbook for elementary work on Agriculture adapted for use in rural and other schools and classes.agriculture, farming

Used in the 19th century.A forged steel pick with points at both ends mounted on a handmade wooden handle with a number 5 stamped on the head. It was used for loosening and breaking up compacted soil in the 19th or early 20th century.5picks, prying tools, agricultural tools, gardening tools

Used by Wandin Sebire for an unknown purpose.An unusual split headed long thin spade with a wooden handle Four rivets attach the head to the handle. At the top the handle is screwed to the metal. It was used by Wandin Sebire, probably for a special purpose - it is not known for what. Spades are usually used for turning soil by pushing against the blade with the foot. Used in the early 20th century.Stamped on the metal handle - '2' and 'S & C Ham'. 'Parkes & Co. Birmingham no. 2'.gardening spades, spades, shovels, gardening tools

This quern was made from Harcourt granite. Querns were used for grinding wheat into flour. (Wooden handles missing from this catalogued object).It was most likely made on Mount Alexander, in spare time, by a quarry worker using his employer’s gang saw and other tools. Wheat is not now grown in Harcourt district . Early settlers engaged in cropping until they exhausted the fertility of the soil. This quern was utilized by a local pioneer who intended to be self-sufficient to the extent of grinding his own grain into flour.. Many local farmers sowed wheat immediately after clearing the land: raising of a wheat crop was evidence of use and improvement which, along with fencing and erecting other structures, was part of the mandatory steps to prove occupancy as a prelude to obtaining a Crown Grant for what had previously been deemed ‘crown land'The quern is of interest as a symbol of the desire for self-sufficiency and as a demonstration of the extent to which granite could be worked and shaped by masonry tools. Quern, granite, square slab with raised metal centre shaft and one rounded piece of granite with off-centre hole and side ridges.

Miss Olive Codling was a Foundation Member and a Life Member of the Wodonga Historical Society. Many of her prize-winning photos are held in the Society Collection. She also held a range of roles and committee positions in a wide range of Wodonga community organisations. WODONGA'S SECOND POLICE STATION - This building was located on the west side of High Street near the railway line at the corner of High Street and Bond Street. The building in the background was the Bond Store which was later repurposed to become the Court House. This Police Station, which began operation on this site c1905, had originally been the house of the customs officer. It had a front office and a Sergeant's and an Inspector's office as well as 2 barrack rooms and a laundry at the rear. In the backyard was a blue stone cell block and a night soil toilet, as well as a stable used previously for horse and carriage. Opposite the police station was a boarding house which supplied meals to prisoners. This police station was in use until its move to Elgin Street, Wodonga in December 1967.This photo collection is significant as it documents how the businesses and buildings in Wodonga have evolved and contributed to community throughout the 20th century.Two black and white photos of the 2nd Police Station built in Wodonga with the former Bond Store in the background.high st wodonga, police stations wodonga

non-fictionThis publication documents the proceedings of a conference held at Clyde Cameron College, Nordsvan Drive, Wodonga, Victoria on the 10th and 11th September, 1984. It includes maps, diagrams and bibliographical references. Some of the topics included in the keynote addresses are:- soil degradation, the use of chemicals in agriculture, agriculture and the use of public land, prime agricultural land, management of native plants and animals on farms, water resource management, economics of conservation and rights and responsibilities of individuals in the use of freehold land.agriculture, conservation, land degradation

VFF is seeking an appropriate framework to ensure farmers do not bear the cost of infrastructure on their farms. Overhead powerlines are proposed through the rich volcanic soils around Ballarat. This land supports 1200 jobs in processing in Ballarat. The towers would impact on the ability to irrigate crops, to use tractors around them, on biosecurity and on ability to use emergency equipment near them. VFF wants assurances that the managing entry to farm policy position will be adhered to and that a statewide strategic plan for renewable energy is prepared. https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/PS210901LG-Managing-Entry-to-Farms-adopted.pdf https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/VFF-Renewable-Energy-and-Energy-Efficiency-Policy-Statement-Meeting-172-June-2021.pdfadvocacy, renewable energy, farmers, protest, rally, managing entry to farm, victorian farmers federation, ballarat

VFF is seeking an appropriate framework to ensure farmers do not bear the cost of infrastructure on their farms. Overhead powerlines are proposed through the rich volcanic soils around Ballarat. This land supports 1200 jobs in processing in Ballarat. The towers would impact on the ability to irrigate crops, to use tractors around them, on biosecurity and on ability to use emergency equipment near them. VFF wants assurances that the managing entry to farm policy position will be adhered to and that a statewide strategic plan for renewable energy is prepared. https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/PS210901LG-Managing-Entry-to-Farms-adopted.pdf https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/VFF-Renewable-Energy-and-Energy-Efficiency-Policy-Statement-Meeting-172-June-2021.pdfadvocacy, renewable energy, farmers, protest, rally, managing entry to farm, victorian farmers federation, ballarat

VFF is seeking an appropriate framework to ensure farmers do not bear the cost of infrastructure on their farms. Overhead powerlines are proposed through the rich volcanic soils around Ballarat. This land supports 1200 jobs in processing in Ballarat. The towers would impact on the ability to irrigate crops, to use tractors around them, on biosecurity and on ability to use emergency equipment near them. VFF wants assurances that the managing entry to farm policy position will be adhered to and that a statewide strategic plan for renewable energy is prepared. https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/PS210901LG-Managing-Entry-to-Farms-adopted.pdf https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/VFF-Renewable-Energy-and-Energy-Efficiency-Policy-Statement-Meeting-172-June-2021.pdfadvocacy, renewable energy, farmers, protest, rally, managing entry to farm, victorian farmers federation, ballarat

VFF is seeking an appropriate framework to ensure farmers do not bear the cost of infrastructure on their farms. Overhead powerlines are proposed through the rich volcanic soils around Ballarat. This land supports 1200 jobs in processing in Ballarat. The towers would impact on the ability to irrigate crops, to use tractors around them, on biosecurity and on ability to use emergency equipment near them. VFF wants assurances that the managing entry to farm policy position will be adhered to and that a statewide strategic plan for renewable energy is prepared. https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/PS210901LG-Managing-Entry-to-Farms-adopted.pdf https://www.vff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/VFF-Renewable-Energy-and-Energy-Efficiency-Policy-Statement-Meeting-172-June-2021.pdfadvocacy, renewable energy, farmers, protest, rally, managing entry to farm, victorian farmers federation, ballarat