This specimen is Cassiterite in Quartz. Cassiterite is a tin oxide metal that forms in thin crystals which can have a beautiful lustre. Quartz is made of silicon dioxide, also known as silica, and is one of the most common minerals on earth. Cassiterite has been a fundamental source of tin ore for humans throughout history, including today. Tin is an important metal that has a wide variety of human uses in different areas, from dying fabric, to making mirrors, and their most well-known use ‘tin’ cans. Tin cans are primarily made of steel and are coated with tin in order to take advantage of tin’s property of being non-corroding. This is a massive step in the history of food preservation. Tinned food first reached Australia in 1815 with early settlers, and it began to be manufactured here in the 1840s. It was incredibly popular, and was a highly exported product, which would be a contributing factor to the ‘tin mining boom’ of the early 1880s. This specimen was collected at Jingellic, New South Wales, in about 1852. Although the Goldfields of the 1800s are much more well-known, tin mines existed alongside the gold mines which began in the mid 19th century and extended almost one hundred years, to the mid 20th century. Specimens like this would have been used as evidence to justify tin mining operations in the region as an investment. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. The Geological Survey of Victoria was headed by British geologist, Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), who was responsible for issuing over 60 geological maps during his 17 years as director. These maps were all hand-drawn and coloured and became the benchmark for accuracy for geological mapping. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A fist-sized solid geological specimen made on one half of tin oxide, which is dark grey, and on the other side of silica, which is brown and cream.burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen

The Orbost Aero Club Club played a significant role in the establishment of the small airport at Marlo and in the ongoing operation and development of the airport over the years.Three stamps used by the Orbost Aero Club. 2406.13 has a red plastic handle with a circular base. 2406.14 has a black plastic handle with a narrow rectangular base. 2406.15 has a black wooden handle with a small rectangular base. 2406.13 : In centre circle THE COMMON SEAL OF In outside circle ORBOST AERO CLUB INC ACN 004 832 991 on top of handle ESCO 2406.14 On stamp - Orbost Aero Club 2406.15 On stamp Orbost

Water For the Thirsty Inland was published by The Murrumbidgee Valley Water Users Association as a case for diversion of part of the Snowy River waters to the Murrumbidgee. In 1950 The Murrumbidgee Valley Water Users Association and the League established the Murray-Murrumbidgee Development Committee to ensure the Snowy Scheme was completed.This book is a significant research tool for the history of the diversion of the Snowy River.A 44 pp book, titled Water For The Thirsty Inland. On the front cover is a coloured print of a painting of a river (Snowy River?) from the mountains to the flats. The text of the title is white with a black shadow. The book contains b/w photographs and the print is black and green.Some pencilled notes on back.snowy-river murrumbidgee-valley-water-users' irrigation

This book was written by Dr J. J. C. Bradfield, (John Job Crew), 1867-1943. Dr JJC Bradfield was a visionary Australian engineer who worked with enormous energy and vision to build the infrastructure which he foresaw that Sydney would need as it grew. As early as 1903 Bradfield was making the case for the Sydney Harbour Bridge, in his presidential address as President of the Sydney University Engineering Society. Bradfield’s proposal — at that stage for a cantilever bridge between Dawes Point and Milsons Point — won the committee’s support and they recommended it be accepted. However, the First World War put a stop to these plans. While a bill to authorise the project passed the lower house of the NSW parliament in 1916, it failed to pass the upper house, on the grounds that funds should not be diverted from the war effort. With the war over, in 1922 the Sydney Harbour Bridge Act was passed by the NSW Parliament. The Sydney Harbour Bridge was officially opened in 1932 after Museum and St James railway stations were built. This book was written from the story broadcast by Dr. J.J.C. Bradfield. This item is a useful reference tool.A staple soft cover 16 pp booklet with a buff coloured cover. It has a sketch of the Sydney Harbour Bridge behind the title "The Bridge" in dark brown print. It contains information and photographs of the history and construction of Sydney Harbour Bridge.sydney-harbour-bridge bradfield-dr-j-j-c

This item is a useful reference tool as a contemporary tourism guide for the mid 1970's.A 234 pp book titled, "australia a land of things to do" in bright red print. Below is a coloured photograph of a group of people in a small motor boat. It is a tour guide for travellers in Australia.on back - "Bairnsdale Tourist Bureau 211-213 Main Street Bairnsdale Vic 3875"tourism travel-guide book-australia-a-land-of-things-to-do

This little book (quarto size) was handed out to school kids in 1970 in commemoration of the bicentenary of the 1770 voyages of Lieutenant James Cook.This is a useful reference book.A thin 47 pp paper back book. On the cover below the title, "Australia Discovered", is a coloured print of a painting by William Hodges - Captain Cook Lands in New Hebrides.

Albert Jaime Grassby, AM was an Australian politician who served as Minister for Immigration in the Labor Whitlam Government. He completed reforms in immigration and human rights, and is often known as the father of Australian "multiculturalism". Prior to this Grassby worked as a journalist and information officer for the CSIRO in Griffith, New South Wales.This item is a useful reference tool on the history of Griffith in New South Wales.A 46 pp paper back book titled, " Griffith of the Four Faces". on the front cover is a coloured aerial photograph of Griffith, New South Wales. The book contains coloured photographs and a history of the area.on front cover hand-written in blue pen - "M. Gilbert"griffith-new-south-wales griffith-history

This is the third edition of this book.This is a useful reference tool.A thin 56 pp paper back book with a pale yellow cover. On the cover in black print is the title, "Written in Gold the story of Gulgong the town on the 10 dollar note". It contains a history of Gulgong, maps and illustrations.gulgong-history bank-notes

This is a useful reference tool.A hard back book with a dark blue cover. The title,"Our Blue Mountains Yesterdays P.W. Spriggs" is in gold print. It contains black/white photographs and the history of the blue Mountains of New South Wales.inside front cover - P.W.Spriggs Leura N.S.W. 1962 inside - "To Dear Casey from Athol & Thelma Charlesworth"blue-mountains-history

This is a useful reference tool.A stapled 196 pp book with a cream cover, black print. On the front cover is a black / white photograph of a portion of the cemetery at Eden. Inside are two loose copied sheets of the Robinson Family Tree and six photographs of headstones of Robinson family members.

This refillable ink bottle would have been used extensively in the early 1900's before ballpoint pens were introduced.Ink bottles are rarely used today. This item is an example of early stationery equipment commonly used in schools, households and commercial enterprises.A clear glass ink bottle. It would have had a cork stopper. It is seamed on both sides and the shoulders are tiered.on front - 402 SWAN INK on base - indecipherable markingsink-bottle container glass-bottle

Many Australian children went to school with ETA Peanut Butter on their sandwiches. These bottles are distinctively patterned and embossed with the ETA BRAND.This container was a common food container found in Australian homes in the mid 20th century.A small, cylindrical moulded bottle with a screw thread top.ETA inside a peanut shape. on base - This jar always remains the property of NUT FOODS LIMITED 936bottle-glass food-container

This article was published on March 28th 1910 when Henry Lawson spent some time in a bush camp at Mallacoota, set up E.J. Brady who later recalled Lawson's visit, "We were in our first camp on Captain's Point, living like gipsies. The fishing was good, the shooting was good and a temporary solving of the economic problem had left one free to write when and what one liked - in blessed literary emancipation and far enough from all that vulgar, strident condition that is miscalled 'modern civilization'". The article describes an event that took place on March 6 and is attributed to Henry Lawson.This item is a contemporary record of the writing of Henry Lawson, one of Australia's best known poets.A newspaper clipping from the Eden Magnet. It is titled "A Day at Mallacoota (And A Night Too).handwritten at top - March 28th, 1910 below title -11/3/6newspaper-clipping-eden-magnet lawson-henry-mallacoota

Adolphus Peter Elkin (1891-1979), professor of anthropology was president of the Association for the Protection of Native Races and vice-president of the N.S.W. Aborigines Welfare Board from 1940. He wrote numerous articles, reports and books with detailed descriptions of the aboriginal way of life.This book was one of the few authoritative works on the subject of Australian Aborigines published before the second world war. It is of interest because Elkin was one of the very few white Australians who was prepared to speak for the Aboriginal people. A dark blue cloth-covered book. The Australian Aborigines: How to Understand Them. Written by A.P. Elkin, Univ. of Sydney. 4th edition.australian-aborigines elkin-a.p. anthropology

A small cylindrical pepper container. It has a tin top and bottom with cardboard sides. It contained cayenne pepper.John Bull CAYENNE PEPPER 1ozcontainer john-bull cayenne-pepper condiments food

This memorial card follows a style that was commonly used in the 1890s. The size of the card make it useful for presentation and handing out. There was a remarkably large production of memorial and funeral cards in Australia during the latter 19th and early 20th centuries and the style did not change (and many of the styles are still in effect today). Many of the card companies, in this case ‘The Memorial Card Co.,’ located at 143 King St, Sydney, published standardised plates which had areas for customisation. The card has the area for name, photograph, date of death and age. Poetry was often standardised, but could be requested at the behest of the person who commissioned the card Isabella Battley (nee Goad) was born in 1867, in Smythesdale, Victoria, Australia. She was married to James E. Battley when she died aged 45. James E. Battley was a director of the butter Factory in Orbost in 1915. Their son Ernest Albert Battley enlisted in the AIF from Orbost in 1916. His father is listed as Next of Kin and his mother as deceased. James was remarried to Eda May Battley (born Sargent) in 1914. He passed away in 1925, at age 57 Memorial cards are often treasured for a long time, and often become part of family history. The Battley family was an earlyn Orbost family.A black memorial card printed in memory of Isabella Battley. It has gold printed writing, a gold etched border and wreath. There is a photo of Isabella Battley and a memorial poem.memorial battley mourning

The Australasian Bandsman was a monthly journal devoted to bands. It began in the 1890's and was still being published in 2013.The various Orbost bands over the years played a major role in community activities providing entertainment and musical experiences for the many members. Primary Significance Criteria Three journals of the Australasian Bandsman. All have blue covers with darker blue print. Inside are white pages with black text. All are published by E. V. Simons P.O. Box 16 Portland New South Wales. 2085.1 July 1966 2085.2 October 1966 2085.3 November 1966Stamped with ORBOST MUNICIPAL BANDjournal magazine australasian-bandsman music

The bicentenary of Australia was celebrated in 1988. It marked 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet of British convict ships at Sydney in 1788. The event triggered debate on Australian national identity, Aboriginal rights, historical interpretation and multiculturalism. The calendar was one of many types of souvenirs created to celebrate the occasion.The bicentenary of Australia was celebrated in 1988. It marked 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet of British convict ships at Sydney in 1788. The calendar was one of many types of souvenirs created to celebrate the occasion.1988 200 YEAR CALENDAR. It has a cream and red cover with a large photo of an old painting of a coach and bushranger. Inside are photos of events and paintings.1988 200 YEAR CALENDARcalendar bicentenary 1988

The magazine was produced as a tribute to Lillian Roxan who was a great Australian and an international journalist. It is not dated but was published by Sungravure Pty Ltd circa 1974-75, The editor, Ailsa Craig wrote for the the magazine Woman's Day in the 1950s and 60s. she had an active career in journalism from 1960-1980. it contains b/w and sepia photographs. This magazine style paperback book contains photos of an earlier Australia.A paper magazine - AUSTRALIA ALBUM -THE PAST IN PICTURES. It contains prints of historic photos. On the front cover is a portrait of three young children dressed in early 19th century clothing. This is inside an oval frame with a gold border. There is a wreath of colourful flowers and butterflies surrounding this.The title is printed in red at the top. In the top right-hand corner is the price $1.50. It was edited by Ailsa Craig and contains photos and text from readers of Womans Day, The Sydney Morning Herald, the Sydney Mitchell Library and the Department of the Army. The magazine style book has 94 pp.magazine photos roxon-lillian craig-ailsa

Author, Mary Mitchell was the daughter of Charles Wellings early resident of Eden. Charles took many of the early photos of Eden while his brother, Henry, did the research on the Imlay Bros (very early settlers of Orbost) and early Twofold Bay settlers. Mary Wellings married Roy Mitchell of Lower Towamba. In Eden there are streets and a park named for both families.These books record the history of the whaling industry on the south coast of New South Wales.Two copies of a small thin ten page booklet with blue laminated covers. It has black print and a black photo of a whale tail on the front cover.It was written by Mary Mitchell. The book relates the history of whaling at Twofold Bay on the south coast of New South Wales.2116.1 - has a library sticker on the front cove - bottom left hand cornertwofold-bay whaling mitchell-mary welliings

This book was compiled to mark a three day journey along the Snowy River in 2002. It was part of the International Year of the Mountain. Graeme Enders is Manager South West regional operations at N.S.W. Office of Environment & Heritage.A spiral bound book with a plastic cover. It is titled Spirit of the Snowy and is a collection of short stories written to mark a Snowy River journey from 1st to 3rd November in 2002. The book was edited by Graeme Enders of the Snowy River Recovery Project and published by the New South Wales Premier's Dept. It contains poetry, stories and recollections.2002 International Year of Mountainssnowy-river

This book recounts the story of the campaign by Dalgety and Orbost to restore water to the Snowy River. Claire Miller is a senior journalist for The Age newspaper with a special interest in the environment. She has covered this campaign since 1999.This book recounts the story of the campaign by Dalgety and Orbost to restore water to the Snowy River. It is significant to this collection as many of the current residents of Orbost were involved in the campaign.A 270pp paperback book titled Snowy River Story written by Claire Miller. On the front cover is a coloured photograph of the Snowy River at Bete Bolong. It documents the story of the campaign to save the Snowy River.snowy-river snowy-mountains-hydro-electric-scheme environmental

The Snowy Water Inquiry was commissioned in 1998 with a brief to recommend environmental water release options to the Commonwealth, Victorian, and NSW Governments so that corporatisation of the Snowy Mountains Scheme could proceed. These release options related to the Snowy River below Jindabyne, the Murray River and other rivers associated with the Scheme. The Inquiry objectives were that the recommendations would not adversely impact on water supplies to existing irrigators or the viability of the Snowy Mountains Scheme. (ref snowyhydro.com.au)This report contains information about water allocation and uses of the Snowy River.A book of 160 pp - Snowy River Inquiry Final report 23rd October 1998. Submitted to the Governments of New South Wales and Victoria / Commissioner: The Hon. Robert Webster. On the front cover are three aerial photographs of the Snowy River and Snowy Hydro Scheme. The book contains maps and photographs. snowy-river snowy-hydro snowy-mountains government-inquiry

The photograph shows the Delegate Lodge with the Orbost Brass Band at Christmas 1892. They travelled by horseback to play for the Star of Delegate Order of Oddfellows. The first Orbost Brass Band was formed in 1889. Around 1908 the town band split and the Orbost Workers' Band was formed. Eventually the two bands merged in 1913 to reform as the Orbost Municipal Band under conductorship of Charles Spink. The band continued for many years but was later disbanded and again reformed. This was to happen a number of times, the last time being in 1961 and continuing through to the late 1970's. Further info and Ref: In Times Gone By - Deborah HallThis is a pictorial record of the Orbost Brass Band. The various Orbost bands over the years played a major role in community activities providing entertainment and musical experiences for the many members.A very yellowed photograph of a band procession with the men holding their instruments. Two men are holding a large banner. In the background are wooden cabins. The photograph is on a white buff card. There are four copies of this photograph.on back - handwritten - "Presented to Mr C Spink Bandmaster Orbost Brass Band by the members of the Star of Delegate Lodge MUIOOF P Crawford Secretary"orbost-brass-band spink-charles delegate-oddfellows

The Commercial Hotel is now the Delegate Hotel (after 1927). This photograph of the Orbost Brass Band and the Delegate Lodge of UIOOF was presented to the bandmaster by the secretary of the Lodge when the Orbost band went to Delegate to entertain them. They travelled by horseback to play for the Star of Delegate Order of Oddfellows. The first Orbost Brass Band was formed in 1889. Around 1908 the town band split and the Orbost Workers' Band was formed. Eventually the two bands merged in 1913 to reform as the Orbost Municipal Band under conductorship of Charles Spink. The band continued for many years but was later disbanded and again reformed. This was to happen a number of times, the last time being in 1961 and continuing through to the late 1970's. Further info and Ref: In Times Gone By - Deborah Hall This is a pictorial record of the Orbost Brass Band. The various Orbost bands over the years played a major role in community activities providing entertainment and musical experiences for the many members.A yellowed photograph on a white buff card with band members and their instruments. They are standing underneath a large sign with lodge members, wearing Lodge regalia, in a line on each side. In the background is the verandah of a hotel - The Commercial.on back - "Presented to Mr C. Spink, bandmaster Orbost Brass Band, by the members of the ??? Delegate Lodge of IOOF"orbost brass band, orbost workers'band, ioof, independent order of odd fellows, charles spink, 1892

There is no information with this item.A black / white photograph / postcard of a young woman standing in front of a boat.on front - "Miss O. Oliver, Glen Douglas, Orbost"photograph-oliver-glen-douglas-orbost

This is the Dalgety bridge across the Snowy River. It is a steel construction.The first bridge over the river was constructed in 1888. There was a punt across the river before the bridge was built . Dalgety is a small service centre, located on the Snowy River approximately 235 km from Orbost. It was an early consideration for the site of Australia,s capital city. The Dalgety Bridge over the Snowy River has been an important item of infrastructure in the history of New South Wales for over 110 years. It was designed by noted bridge engineer J. A. McDonald,and was a technically sophisticated bridge structure for its time. This is a pictorial record of a significant structure on the Snowy River.A small black / white photograph of a large bridge over a river.bridge-dalgety-snowy-river

After being out of print for 30 years this book has been reprinted in 1987 as a tribute to W.A. Bayley (dec.). WA Bayley had been a public school teacher and was principal of Bega Intermediate High when he researched and wrote his history in the 1940s. He wrote history books on all the towns where he worked,A 120 pp book titled "The Story of the Settlement and Development of Bega". The author is William Alan Bailey (1910-1981). it was published by Bega Intermediate High School.The book contains biographical sketches of some of the early settlers. It also includes maps, newspaper clippings of historical articles, official and handwritten correspondence. The cover title is History of Bega. bega bayley-w.a. bega-settlement

Herbert John Rumsey (1866-1956) started a nursery and seed business at Barbers Creek (Tallong) near Marulan in 1895. In 1901 he moved his operations to Dundas. From 1896 he regularly published seed catalogues. Some time before 1929 he set up a company, Herbert J. Rumsey & Sons Ltd, which later on (before 1937) changed its name to Rumsey Seeds Pty. Ltd.A small book with a cream cover which has colourful drawings of vegetables. The print is green and red. The book is titled "RUMSEY'S SEED CATALOGUE BEST SEEDS THAT GROW". It has 50 pp.agriculture horticulture catalogue seeds rumsey

Originally written for children and family between 1998-2000. This book of memoirs provides a personal insight to the history of Maffra in the first half of the 20th century.A 296 pp spiral bound book with a green cover titled Like It Or lump It. It was written by Stan Hunt and tells of his and his family's experience of the 1939 fire in which he was caught as a child as well as the sugar beet industry in Maffra where he worked at as a teenager. The author describes carting the beet and working in the factory where they processed the beet.Inside front cover - autographed by Stan Huntmaffra-history-memoirs hunt-stan