The early settlers of Victoria depended on horse drawn vehicles to farm, make roads and railways, deliver produce and transport people. Horse harnesses were an important requisite for all drivers and could be found wherever there were working horses. Horse Harnesses have played an essential role in different cultures throughout history. Simple, utilitarian horse harnesses made of leather straps and iron rings were being used in early China before AD 500 as well as ancient Greece and Rome allowing horses to pull chariots and ploughs. The Greeks and Romans were the first to use a "horse collar" which distributed the weight of the harness evenly across the horse's chest rather than relying on a "throat harness" that could damage a horse's throat or choke them. During the medieval period, European horse harnesses became more elaborate and decorative. Variations of different horse harnesses were also found in Native American and Middle Eastern cultures. Horse Harnesses usually have four basic components which include - 1. Communication - the bridle, bit and reins allows the driver to communicate instructions and commands to the horse, guiding its movement and direction. 2. Draft - the collar, hame straps, hames, traces and chains enables the horse to draw and pull the load efficiently by distributing the weight and transferring the pulling force to the vehicle. 3. Stopping - the breeching band, pole straps and breast strap helps to control or stabilise the horse and vehicle when moving downhill or stopping. 4. Support - the back pad, backband, belly band and back saddle keep the harness in the correct position and proper alignment. This dray harness is a plain, basic harness and reflects its working class origins. It was used by Mr. Oswald (Jack) Bourke with his horse and dray to firstly deliver drygoods from Sunbury to Melbourne in the 1930's and later (through the 1940's and 1950's up to 1961) when he worked on the garbage round for the Springvale City Council. This horse harness is a significant example of the equipment that was needed wherever horses were being used - particularly in the early years of Victoria's settlement by white settlers. Harnesses such as this example were used with drays, farming equipment, delivery carts and personal transportation.A leather and metal horse harness used with a horse and dray circa 1930's to the early 1960's. It is made up of a number of components. 1. A leather bridle with metal buckles and rings, blinkers and a metal single jointed, snaffle bit that has the initials M B stamped onto the leather. 2. A leather bridle with metal buckles and rings and a metal "straight bar" Eggbut snaffle bit. It has an elongated X design (with 4 dots) stamped onto the leather strap holders near each buckle. 3. A blue and white vinyl halter with one leather patched strap. The nose band and a chin strap are covered with woollen padding. 4. A pair of leather shaft protectors. They have lacing holes along each edge and a repeating design of small shapes (flowers, wings, crosses and arrowheads) which run along the front of each protector. 5. A leather strap with a stainless steel chain and catch and a maker's mark for "Glenn's Leather Goods, Pearcedale Victoria" stamped onto the end. 6. A wide leather strap covered with a webbing sleeve. It has two large metal rings and each end and one ring has a rope attached. 7. A leather strap comprised of three separate sections (two shorter and one longer) joined with two metal rings. The longer section has notches along its length and the shorter section at the other end has a buckle. It also had a maker's mark stamped on it but the mark is very worn and the writing is difficult to read. 8. An adjustable leather horse collar with two buckles and straps at the top opening and two "B's" stamped into the leather. The top of the collar is made from treated leather pieces stitched together and the underneath of the collar is untreated leather. It has a padded indentation running all the way around the collar for the hames to sit in. 9. Two pairs of long leather traces - each having a buckle and notched section at one end and each one is made with three lengths of leather spliced together. 10. A leather strap (with one spliced join) belonging to a horse harness with two shorter straps (each ending with a metal clip) attached to a steel D ring at one end. 11. Three assorted short leather straps - the top one has clips at each end and a buckle (for adjusting the length) in the centre, the middle strap has notches and a buckle and the bottom strap is white with notches and a buckle.Bridle with blinkers - "M B" Bridle - design showing an elongated X with a dot in each section stamped onto strap holder Shaft Protectors - stamped design of flowers, wings, crosses and arrowheads Strap with chain - "Glenn's leather goods / Pearcedale / Victoria" Leather Strap (with two metal rings) - Maker's stamp - "name indecipherable / SADDLER / ...OURNE" Collar - "B / B" Leather strap - flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, great ocean road, sunbury, springvale, dray, delivery dray, harness, horse harness, horse drawn vehicles, working horse, oswald (jack) bourke, bridle, horse collar, hames, shaft protectors

Black and White photograph showing 3 men who have been cutting hay. Handwritten in white on the lower edge of the photo is: 'Breen Bros cutting hay 3 ton to the acre with a Deering at Holly Hill, Ferny Creek, 15-1-16.' and '85.' Photo shows a 3 horse team harnessed to a wagon. A man sits on hay on the wagon. He is loosely holding a whip. Beside him are a man and a boy who stand between sheaves of hay. All three are wearing trousers, waistcoats and shirts with sleeves rolled up. The men are wearing hats and the boy is wearing a flat cap. Where they are standing there is hay stubble. Beyond the horse team the crop is still standing 3 trees are in the background. They appear to be dead. 'Breen Bros cutting hay 3 ton to the acre with a Deering at Holly Hill, Ferny Creek, 15-1-16.' and '85' are written in white on the original photo.

This automotive circular saw was designed to allow trees to be sawn into planks at the site they were felled, rather than requiring them to be carted to a lumber mill first. It was invented by Robert John (Bob) Pyle in 1936 and patented in 1937 (serial number 101975). This picture depicts Clarrie Howell (left) and Bob Pyle (right), standing with the sawbench between them. What was special about Bob’s new invention was that it not only allowed a circular saw to be portable and set up at a logging site, but that it allowed the circular saw to be run using the car motor, and that the saw could be detached, allowing the car to be used for carting or other purposes. This photograph is significant because it shows an early instance of an emerging technology, portable sawmills, and is evidence to the innovations that the people of Beechworth have achieved throughout history, as well Black and White rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper. Incription on cream paper stapled to bottom left of photographObverse: On left Clarrie Howell / Right Bob Pyle / with sawbench built by Bob Pyle / Patent 1936 / Rosalie Pyle has the original / [redacted]bob pyle, robert pyle, r j pyle, clarrie howell, howell, pyle, invention, patent, sawmill, saw, sawbench, wood, timber, forestry, automobile, car, 1930s, 1930s beechworth, industry, wooden, convenience, innovation

Rose Series postcard No. P 3458, titled "Elizabeth Street Melbourne" looking south from near Little Collins St with Flinders Street station in the background. Has W5 class tram No. 700 (North Melbourne, route 50) northbound. Another two trams are at the Flinders Street terminus and a W2 (route 47) can be seen in Collins Street waiting for the traffic light. A horse-drawn cart is parked outside the Hotel London and an Ice Cart can be seen on the left-hand side of the photograph. The new MLC building is on the south west corner of Collins and Elizabeth Streets. It was demolished in the late 1960'sYields information about Elizabeth Street late 1930s.Postcard - printed real photograph with Rose Stereograph Co. name on the rear.tramways, trams, elizabeth st, w5 class, tram 700, flinders st station, route 50

Maize,has been grown on the Orbost flats for at least 70 years. When early settlers began to arrive on the Snowy River somewhere in the 1880s, the land was mostly swamps and heavily timbered jungle on the river frontages. The swamps were drained, bit by bit, by men with short handled shovels and working in mud and water. The frontages were cleared by axe and shovel and fire. Several kinds of crops were experimented with such as hops, hemp and maize, the latter grew particularly well and became the main crop of district. The problem then was to thresh and deliver the product to the market. A small single cob machine was brought here and one man turned the handle, while the boy or Mum fed the cobs singly into the machine. A good day’s work would thresh about 50 bushels or about 12 bags (4 bushels). The task then was to cart the maize to market. For a few years this was done by horses and dray carrying about 60 bushels to Mossiface, where it was loaded onto river boats to Lakes Entrance, and then by ocean boats to Melbourne. Later it was taken to Bairnsdale by foot and loaded onto the trains to Melbourne. (more information in Newsletter October 2006) This crib, measuring seven chains, sixteen feet, contained 10,000 bags of maize cobs which were grown by Linc Timmons on Peter Irvine's farm (Fairlea?) in Orbost, East Gippsland. The growing of maize in the Orbost district contributed significantly to the economy of the township for many years, The many maize cribs once seen on the surrounding farms have now disappeared and this photograph is a pictorial record of that significance.A black / white photograph of a large maize crib full of maize in a paddock. There is a large framed copy of the original.agriculture-orbost farming-maize-orbost maize-crib-orbost

Owner and donor details - see Cat No. 5836.3.SOFT COVER BOOK. Cover - cardboard, white colour print on front, red colour background. Illustrated - front, colour photograph of a vehicle on a flat top railway wagon. 134 pages - cut, plain, semi gloss, white paper. Illustrated black and white photographs, maps and papers. Page 1. handwritten signature.Page 1 - handwritten in blue ink - signature "Aubrey Jarrott".books, military history, ww1, ww2, biography

Black & white photo of M&MTB tram No. 988 testing overhead on Bourke St. at intersection of Russell St. on Sunday, 19 June 1955, with tower wagon on right side and AEC bus (Reg. No. AT 064) on left hand side. Tram does not have a destination roll. See also Reg Item 1607On rear on typed paper, "The first pass type tram down Bourke St. on the 19 of June 1995. The car is pictured here standing at the Russel St. crossover" and "Geoff Grant" stamp in btm rh cnr.trams, tramways, melbourne, bourke st., first tram , tram 988

With the approval of the railways, in February1959 a special tourist train was organized by the Australian Railways Historical Society in conjunction with the "Kanyana: Festival Committee of Colac, Victoria, to run from Colac to Beech Forest. Eight NBH carriages, in store at Newport, were transferred to Colac. The train proved to be so popular that additional trains were later run over the next two years until the temporarily disused Puffing Billy needed the NBH carriages returned.Locomotive G42, labelled "A.R.H.S., Special Excursion, Kanyana", with a guard's van, eight NBH excursion carriages and an additonal guard's van attached, stands at Gellibrand Station with a large group of passengers milling outside the train. Note on the left a group of domestic railway dwellings, and, on the right side, two empty wagons. B/W.beech forest; colac; railways; a.r.h.s.; kanyana festival committee;

Churchill Island has a significant photograph collection dating from the nineteenth century.Black and white photograph of two men posing for the camera, each holding the horses bridle. One is coupled to a two wheeled cart. Photo has been taken from near the homestead and looks down towards the Eastern side of Churchill Island. Probably taken in the nineteenth century.Catalogue number written in pencil on reverse. 'Department of Agriculture' written in pencil on reverse. Stamped on rear 'Photograph by Information Branch Victorian Dept. of Agriculture Ref. No 1978(541-9)'churchill island

Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Thursday, November 27, 2003. Progress: Bendigo United Brewery celebrated its vehicle upgrade of the mid-1920s with this photograph to commemorate the company's purchase of its first motorised fleet. Prior to this horses and carts took produce to the people.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Postcard, WW1, B&W image of the Erquinghem road entering Armentieres. Three rows of semi detached buildings with signs of damage. A row of trees on left of road. 'Armentieres' sign on right hand building. A figure with probably a horse and cart outside this building. Copy Y 8postcard, postcard, ww1, france, erquinghem, armentieres

Murray Comrie Collection. This is a reasonable copy of an older original. Copy probably made by Murray Comrie in the 1970s. Monochrome photograph. View of Commercial Road Tarnagulla looking south. A man at centre, walking toward camera. Right of this figure are two carts standing at the road's edge. Far right is Renshaw's Drapery and left of that the Golden Age Hotel. A man is walking along the footpath in front of Renshaw's. Typed caption on original is 'Commercial Road, Tarnagulla, looking south from Poverty Street'.tarnagulla, commerce, stores, shopping, shops, draper, hotels, golden age hotel, buildings, commercial road, main street

Deep yellow/orange with red print. Green postage stamp featuring yellow-tailed Thornbill. Postcard contains 14 pictures of Vietnamese people and places. Front page shows picture of couple in a horse-drawn two wheeled cart having two luggage baskets and sunshade.Viet-Nam The Land and the People Addressed to - Mrs. G McNamara / 13 Ellis Road / Glen Iris / Melbourne Vicpostcard, mcnamara, j.p.

. Early settlers were self reliant and repaired their own equipment for kitchen,dairy, farm, horses, carts using various tools . With the advent of motorized vehicles in 20thC residents of the City of Moorabbin became accustomed to maintaining their own cars and trucksThese large graduated spanners are typical of the type used by residents and mechanics in the City of Moorabbin c19504 x Large graduated automobile Spanners c1950 a, b Snail Brand; c Husky England; d The Superwrenchspanners, motor cars , motor trucks, mechanics, automobiles, early settlers, market gardeners, blacksmiths, tools, building equipment, hammers, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd,

Shaving soap scuttles are distinguished from shaving mugs by having a separate area for hot water. The hot water is for dipping a shaving brush into to make a lather with the soap which is then applied to the skin before using the razor. Vintage scuttles are often elaborately decorated. Between 1880 and 1920 is the original time period for the occupational shaving mug. Most men owned a shaving mug, either at home or at a barber shop. Mugs purchased for home use typically were purchased through local stores, had more variety in style but usually went without a name. Barber shops sold mugs with the owners’ names on them partly because they thought that shaving rash came from sharing the same soap. In reality, the rash was not a result of soap but of unsterilized razors. Transfer ; The Duryea Motor Wagon was among the first standardized automobiles and among the first powered by gasoline. Fifteen examples were built by the Duryea Motor Wagon Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts, between 1893 and 1896. Their enterprise followed the first commercially available automobile which was patented by Karl Benz on January 29, 1886, and put into production in 1888. The Duryea Motor Wagon remained in production until 1917. The Duryea brothers entered their horseless carriage in many shows and races. A china shaving mug / scuttle with a car transfer. The mug has a wide spout to hold / insert the shaving brush , a perforated tray opening at the top to hold the soap and a bulbous base for the hot water. car transfershaving equipment, safety razors, cheltenham, early settlers, moorabbin, shaving soap sticks, shaving brushes, shaving scuttles, shaving rash, infectious diseases, barber shops,

A small softcover book dark green in colour at the top of the front cover is the authors name written in purple and the book's title written in large red letters there is also a charcoal drawing of a person driving a horse and dray with what looks like sacks of produce in the back on the back cover is text by the author and three reviews by different people.The book also contains a lot of old black and white photos of the family and places of note in the area.cheltenham, kingston, pioneers, moorabbin, carrum, mordialloc, picnic, asylum, hobsons bay, brighton, beach boxes, bridge hotel.

Magdala cum Moonlight Mine. Wide view of mine with Grampians Mountains in background.Mine with snow. The Cyanide plant was constructed in Sept 1900 and became the largest in Victoria. Just in front of the large tree a ramp can be seen and a horse and dray going up the ramp. Just below and to the left of the tree the cyanide vats can be seen. On the right is the poppet head of the Magdala and Oriental and North Cross Mine. The fire station is on the left in the far distance. with the W S Heal & Sons Coachbuilders Corner of Lazelle and Byrne Street businessMagdala Cum Moonlight Mine. Herbert's Studio. Stawellstawell gold mining

Printed coloured postcard depicting Devils Elbow Adelaide. Image is of a country road sharp bend set against a thickly treed hillside. A white gate, parts of a white fence, a horse and cart and another cart can be seen on the far edge of the road. A post and rail fence and power pole are in the foreground. The words Devils Elbow Near Adelaide S.A. are printed in red across the top edge. On the reverse card is addressed to Miss R Dean 'Esmond' Golden Square Victoria and a one penny stamp is affixed and postmarked Adelaide. Handwriting is on one side. The words South Australian Post Card Commonwealth of Australia are printed on the top.postcard

This object was used in the home for toilet requirements before the advent of the indoor toilet as it saved a trip out to the backyard toilet during the night. Most toilets were built outside so the 'night cart' could come and empty them during the night.A large cream coloured procelain chamber pot with one handle on the side. hoffman, chamber pots, toilets, ceramics, george evans collection

Chaponnel Bush and Allen Butcher’s Shop Main Street Stawell built 1876. Butchers in aprons and horse drawn carts lined up in the street in front Note the Bullocks Head in centre of Parapet. Also Wertheim Sewing Machines on building beside it.stawell business streetscape

John Leonard Court (1899-1976) was an insurance agent. His parents were John Leonard Court, who was killed in 1916 after being thrown from a cart, and Mary Edith Pitt. John Jnr married Amy Somerville in 1924.Black and white photograph mounted on rectangular grey board. House, brick and rough cast, corrugated iron roof, porch, adult and child on porch, two chimneys, verandah on side of house, woven wire fence. Written on back of photoboard ' J. Court, Sternberg Street, £1300 sewered' House is at 87 Sternberg Street Bendigo, 2012 photo of house site attached.Frank A. Jeffree, Bendigoplace, building, residential, previous register no. ''mp14'' part of a collection of photographs used by estate agent t.c. watts and son

Charles John Glover (1881-1965) began his career driving a cordial cart for Mr Phillips. By 1906 he was operating in a partnership with Charles Runting as soft drink manufacturers in Chapel Street. This partnership was dissolved in 1907 and Glover continued alone.Glass bottle. Brown with black edges label: compound cordial at the top, and in pencil 15-20 yo old. underneath in an oval the trademark symbol of two bulls a coat of arms, a crown and a flag. The main part of the label has a flower symbol and the words ''flavored peppermint approx 26 ozs.'' diagonally across. Manufactured by Chas Glover Bendigo, phone 343. The bottle is full, cork in position with wax cover.bendigo, business, chas glover

These trucks are over 100 years old and are constructed to a similar design to the coke wagons used in the English Midlands region during the 1800's. The trucks were used for the cartage of clay from the quarry to the clay bins, prior to crushing and molding into bricks. These came from Fritsch, Holzer & Company, Brickworks, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Historic - Industrial Narrow gauge Railway Fritsch, Holzer & Company Brickworks , Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia - Rolling stock Drop Bottom Clay Trucks - Square like clay truck that has a very deep bottom floor.drop bottom, clay trucks, 2'7.5" gauge, puffing billy, fritsch, holzer & company, brickworks

NVW 1 - Track Patrol vehicle Rebuilt by Puffing Billy Volunteers given Number NVW 1 as it was built with a (VW) Volks wagon engine Was originally a trolley on the Australian Portland Cement Ltd at Fyansford Victoria Obtained by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society around 1968. Originally 3'6" ( 1067mm) before being rebuilt. Historic - Puffing Billy Track patrol - Rail Vehicle - NVW 1 NVW 1 - Track Patrol vehicle made of metal & steel with canvas vinyl blindsNVW 1puffing billy, nvw 1, trolley, trolly

Provides details of the history of SECV rail operations in the Yallourn and other power station open cuts and the transport of coal and the locomotives used in the Latrobe Valley operations of the SEC. Possibly prepared in the early 1980s. Rail operations on the interconnecting railway ceased in 2000. Shows outline diagrams of the steam, electric and diesel locomotives and the coal wagons.Provides information about the SEC Coal railways and their rolling stock used for power generation in Victoria.Report or document - 16 A4 pages titled Report - 'State Electricty Commission of Victoria Rail Transport: Yallourn Open Cut"sec tramways, power supply, secv, open cut mining, locomotives, interconnecting railway