Fehmarn is an island in Germany on the Baltic coast. It was formerly part of Denmark. One of the Fehmarn residents that came to Bendigo was Jurgen La Frenz (1836-1915). He came to Australia in 1855 and after some time on other goldfields, he arrived in Bendigo in 1860. He initially sought his fortune by puddling before moving on to quartz mining. In 1872 he married Mary Parker and they resided at "Fehmarn" in Myrtle Street.Loose information & letters relating to the Fehmarn family and other German families.document, memo, german

Group of two Chinese cash coins.money, coins, cash coins, chinese, goldfields, buckland valley

Metal box - tin, used for opium.Chinese characters on each end.box, chinese, goldfields, buckland valley, opium, recreation

Tin box used to store opium. Metal is broken in several places with a piece missing from one face. Has been repaired and glued.Chinese characters on top and base of box.tin box, goldfields, opium, chinese, recreation, buckland valley

Group of two Chinese cash coins.Chinese characters on each coin.money, cash coins, chinese, goldfields, buckland valley, aldo gios

Group of two Chinese cash coins.Chinese characters on each coin.money, cash coins, chinese, goldfields, buckland valley, aldo gios

Australian Mining History Monographs Number 5, The Miner versus the Gold Commissioner, William Howitt v. Joseph Panton. Bendigo 1853. Publisher: Zlota Press, Strathfieldsaye Victoria. 18 pages.Ralph W Birrellgold, goldfields, mining licences, history bendigo mining, william howitt versus joseph panton, miner gold

Australian Mining History Monographs Number 4, The Zebina Lanes, father and son, Australian Miners, Manager and Mining Entrepreneurs. Publisher: Zlota Press, Strathfiedsaye, Victoria. 15 pages.Ralph W Birrellgold, goldfields, mining, mining history, zebina lanes, entrepreneurs

Australian Mining History Monographs Number 2, The Powder Magazines of Victoria. Publisher: Zlota Press, Strathfieldsaye Victoria. 24 pages.Ralph W Birrellgold, goldfields, powder magazines, mining history, powder magazines, victoria

The Diaries of Richard Pope, Volume VI, Bendigo, 25 Dec 1884 - 2 Jan 1886' Edited by J.H. Whitehead, 133 Finch Street, Glen Iris, 3146. 16 March, 1983.Richard Popecottage, miners, bendigo, mining, pope family, goldfields

150 Years of Gold, 2001 Sir John Quick Bendigo Lecture delivered by Peter McCarthy Managing Director Australian Mining Consultants at La Trobe University Bendigo. Published by La Trobe University, 17 pages with photographs. With IndexPeter.McCarthy.gold, goldfields, victoria, gold mining - victoria, discovery of gold - victoria, sir john quick.

Reportedly these earrings were made from gold found on the Eureka Lead. They were made by a Ballarat jeweller.Photograph of earrings made from gold nuggets, hand made by Ballarat gold fields jeweller the earrrings comprise grapevines and grapes with handmade posts to go through ears.none.gold, earrings, jewellery, goldfields, eureka, jeweller, ballarat

Colour photographs a tunnel at Frenchmans Reef in the Muckleford State Forest.muckleford state forest, goldfields, mining, tunnel, frenchman's reef, frenchmans reef

Two Black & White Early Photographs of Bendigo. (Photograph 1) Panorama is taken from the Masonic Hall location with the Rifle Brigade Hotel on the corner of Rowan and View Streets and Knipe's Folly in top right of image. (Photograph 2) An early photograph of the Bendigo Goldfields the suburb of Ironbark taken from the vicinity of Mt. Korong Road, overlooking Victoria Street and Quick Street. Image shows Knipe's Castle in Boundary Street ''on the Ironbark Ranges'' top right.bendigo, streetscape, rowan & view st, mt korong rd

1884 Correspondence relating to life of Mrs C Tyrrell between Mr Ken Tyrrell (Maldon) and BHS (F. Kingerlee). Attached was newspaper clipping (no source cited - no date, but possibly 1920s?) headed ''Pioneer Passes'' related to the life and death of Mrs C Tyrrell , wife of Thomas Tyrrell, Mention is made in the letter and the article that Mrs Tyrell and her newborn baby girl were ''the first white females on that (Bendigo) goldfield''. (Left Bendigo 1853 for Maldon).document, newspaper, mrs c. tyrrell

gold discovery in VictoriaMichele Matthews collection - Research reveals a goldfields pioneer - Dr Georg Hermann Bruhn - Advertiser Saturday 23 July 1988. Official histories credit one James Esmond as being the first to discover gold in Victoria at Clunes on July 1, 1851. A letter from the Secretary of the Mines Department to the Clunes Town Clerk dated May 26, 1950, said the records showed Bruhn was the first to discover gold and had been offered a small reward.

From the Britannia Mine (Ballarat) Candle remnants from early Ballarat mines are quite rare..1) White/cream candle remnant. Candle mold seams are evident. Stored in green pharmaceutical tin with screw lid. (?) Found when removing for filling motor spaces Camp Street. .2) white candle remnant from the Britannia Mine at Cambrian Hill held in a 'Barker Cake Container; tin. A handwritten note inside the tin indicates 'Piece of Candle from Mullock's Britannia Mine. Ballarat. .2) Piece of Candle The Great Leviathan Quartz Mining CosMine at Cambrian Hill near Ballarat. Picked up by Donald Doyles Mather whilst cleaning out Ballarat South Goldfield Co's Leviathan Shaft when reopening "Great Leviathan in in the year 1948. The candle was last used by miners in the Great Leviathan in the drive where found Year G. Leviathan Closed down "______" mining, candle, lard, great leviathan, donald mather, cambrian hill, great leviathan quartz mining company

The photograph is a copy of the original one, with the latter been captured in 1870. The man depicted is Doctor Thomas Thomson Dick, who was the first Medical Superintendent at Mayday Hills Hospital. He was born in Scotland in 1840 and he died in East Malvern in 1919. He obtained his degree of Doctor of Medicine from Melbourne University in 1864 and, later in his career, he became Inspector-General of the mentally ill. Dr Dick promoted the hospital`s self-sufficiency by engaging patients in various forms of work, such as clothing alterations and cultivation of the farm. He also introduced monthly balls, which could be attended by patients, staff and guests, and they were later replaced by concerts. The Mayday Hills Hospital was constructed between 1864 and 1867, with buildings created in a number of periods. It formally opened on 24 October 1867 and, along with the Ovens Hospital and the Benevolent Asylum, made Beechworth a prominent social welfare centre in Victoria. The need for an institution of this kind was arisen due to the increased number of people with mental disturbances (induced by the harsh living conditions on the goldfields) and the remoteness of the district from Melbourne. The site was chosen for its panoramic view of the countryside, the hilltop atmosphere and the native fauna, all contributing to the cure of patients.The Hospital was originally named the “Ovens Lunatic Asylum” but, during the centenary celebrations in 1967, the name was officially changed to “Mayday Hills Hospital”, showing the gradual shift in the perception and understanding of mental health conditions over the last decades. The Hospital lies on the traditional land of the Kulin Nation.This photograph is historically significant as it provides information about the staff served at the Mayday Hills Hospital when it first opened. It also contributes to the understanding of the district`s development and its importance to the course of Victoria`s history and adds valuable information about the changing approaches to the treatment of mental health conditions.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on paper.Obverse: (7)/ Reverse: 1997.2452/ Dr Dick/No(7) Pioneer Board/doctor thomas thomson dick, superintendent, mayday hills hospital, scotland, east malvern, doctor of medicine, melbourne university, inspector-general, clothing alterations, cultivation of the farm, self-sufficiency, balls, concerts, ovens hospital, benevolent asylum, beechworth, goldfields, kulin nation, panoramic view, mental health conditions

The Kokoda Track (or Trail) is a single-file thoroughfare that runs 96 kilometres (60ml) overland) - 60 kilometres (37ml) in a straight line - through the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea (PNG).The trail was First used by Europeans in the 1890s by miners struggling northwards to the Yodda Kokoda goldfields. During the Pacific War of World War 2 a series of battles were fought from July 1942 to January 1943 between Japanese and Australian forces.One of the bloodiest campaigns of World War 2,which has forever sealed the relation ship between Australia and Papua New Guinea began 61 years ago. This Photographic Memorial is dedicated to those Australian and Papua New Guinea forces who fought against the Japanese with courage and fortitude on the Kokoda Trail.Rectangular shaped glass covered picture frame showing a collection of photos,two flags and a Rising sun badge. The Kododa Trail.kokoda track, world war 2, papua new guinea, australian forces, lara r.s.l.

Established during the great Mount Alexander alluvial gold rush of 1852-54 the cemetery is located on a small hill overlooking one of the richest spots on the goldfield (the junction of Fryers Creek and Loddon River). The location of the cemetery was chosen because it was a convenient piece of ground where gold was not likely to be discovered, and burials were mainly of Chinese miners. It remained in use until 1857. The cemetery was restored in 1929 using money raised within the Chinese communities of Bendigo and Castlemaine. Colour photograph of the Chinese Cemetery at Vaughan. vaughan, vaughan springs, vaughan chinese cemetery, chinese

William Cook was one of the earliest settlers in Vermont. Having returned from the W.A. goldfields he married Jane Maggs in 1880 at Wickliffe, Victoria and his only child, Amy, was born in 1881 at Box Hill. William Cook's property fronted Whitehorse Road, Mitcham and ran north almost to the Mullum Mullum Creek. He shared part of his eastern boundary with the Schwerkolt family. William Cook specialised in cherries and became known as 'The Cherry King'Sepia photograph mounted on card of a woman and a girl standing in front of a wooden house with iron lace on the verandah. A path leads down the side of the house.cook, amy, jane, orchards

The invention of the Coolgardie Safe is credited to Arthur Patrick McCormick, a contractor in Coolgardie, and later the Mayor of Narrogin. Coolgardie is in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia. Gold was first discovered there in 1892; the townsite became a municipality in 1894, and by 1898 its population of 15,000 made it the third largest town in Western Australia after Perth and Fremantle. In the last decade of the 19th century, Coolgardie was the capital of the West Australian goldfields. Being 180 kilometres from the nearest civilisation, food supplies were initially scarce and expensive. As fresh food was a valuable commodity there was incentive to preserve it, and keep it out of reach of scavengers such as birds, dingos, dogs, ants, and flies. It was in an effort to do this, in the extreme heat of the Australian Interior, that McCormick came up with his design for the Coolgardie Safe. McCormick noticed that a wet bag placed over a bottle cooled its contents. He further noted that if this bottle was placed in a breeze, the bag would dry out more quickly, but the bottle would get colder. What McCormick had discovered was the principle of evaporation: ‘to change any liquid into a gaseous state requires energy. This energy is taken in the form of heat from its surroundings.’ Employing this principle, McCormick made a box for his provisions which he covered with a wet hessian bag. He then placed a tray on top, into which he poured water twice daily. He hung strips of flannel from the tray so that water would drip down onto the hessian bag, keeping it damp. As the water evaporated, the heat dissipated, keeping the food stored inside cool and fresh. The success of McCormick’s invention would not have worked without a steady supply of water. Fresh water was scarce in the eastern goldfields at this time but the demand for water from a steadily growing population encouraged innovation. The solution was to condense salt water. Heating salt water in tanks produced steam that was condensed in tall cylinders, cooled and then collected in catchment trays. By 1898 there were six companies supplying condensed water to the goldfields, the largest company producing 100,000 gallons of water a day. In the early 20th century, Coolgardie Safes were also manufactured commercially. These safes incorporated shelving and a door, had metal or wooden frames and hessian bodies. The feet of the safe were usually placed in a tray of water to keep ants away. (MAV website) The early settlers of Moorabbin Shire depended on this type of Food Safe to protect their food from flies and vermin as they established market gardens in the fertile area around the notorious Elster Creek A metal framed, 4 sided structure standing on 4 legs with 2 hinged doors on one side, a metal tray at base of food safe and a metal cover over top. Ridges on which to rest trays carrying food are inside safe. The Safe is enclosed by fly-wire mesh.'...IN.....GEELONG' A manufacturer's oval metal plate is embossed on one side of Safe but it is illegible.elster creek, moorabbin, brighton, dendy's special survey 1841, market gardens, infant mortality, disease, cemeteries, fruit, vegetables, pioneers, coolgardie safe, mccormick arthur patrick, dendy henry, vaccination, jones martha, jones ethel may

Map of Golden Gully conservation area comprising Glasgow and Golconda Consolidated, Glasgow Reef Company (Golden Gully) and New Napoleon. The area is significant because it contains the 'best evidence for hydraulic sluicing on the field as well as several early reef mining sites' On top of page 'Eaglehawk & Bendigo Heritage Study, Significant areas' Mines marked on page: Goldfields Extended shaft South Concord shaft Concord shaft Morning Light shaft Hansel and Mundy shaftbendigo, mining, golden gully