Beehive smokers douse bees with smoke to calm them and make them less likely to sting while honey is extracted from beehives. They were invented in the mid nineteenth century, prior to which bees were killed in order to extract their honey. The invention of the bee smoker was an important innovation in the history of apiary. The Wodonga Historical Society beehive smoker appears to be of the same design as the patented Woodman’s Bingham Bee Smoker, produced from 1878 by T. F. Binghan of Albronia, Michigan. The Wodonga Historical Society beehive smoker is an important artefact connected to local history, and the history of apiary in Wodonga. Beekeeping was a popular pastime in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and apiaries were subject to regulation by the Wodonga Shire Council. At a 1914 meeting of the council, for instance, a by-law governing beekeeping in Wodonga was enacted after Mrs Smyth complained that Mr Bassett’s bees were swarming the watering holes in her paddocks and preventing livestock from drinking. There were areas within the Wodonga township where apiaries were prohibited, and Mr Bassett’s bees had fallen foul of the law. A canvas, wood and metal beesmoker from the early twentieth century. apiary, bees, beekeeping, honey, apiarists, wodonga, council, wodonga council, wodonga shire council, rural, livestock

The Hamilton-Smith collection was donated by the children of Grace Mary Hamilton-Smith nee Ellwood (1911-2004) and John Hamilton-Smith (1909-1984) who settled in Wodonga in the 1940s. The Ellwood family had lived in north-east Victoria since the late 1800s. Grace’s mother, Rosina Ellwood nee Smale, was the first teacher at Baranduda in 1888, and a foundation member of the C.W.A. Rosina and her husband Mark retired to Wodonga in 1934. Grace and John married at St. David’s Church, Albury in 1941. John was a grazier, and actively involved in Agricultural Societies. The collection contains significant items which reflect the local history of Wodonga, including handmade needlework, books, photographs, a wedding dress, maps, and material relating to the world wars. This item has well documented provenance and a known owner. It forms part of a significant and representative historical collection which reflects the local history of Wodonga. It contributes to our understanding of social and family life in early twentieth century Wodonga, as well as providing interpretative capacity for themes including local history and social history. Front page of a newspaper with cattle lists printed in black ink.newspaper, print, newsprint, cattle, cattle sales, cattle yard, farm, wodonga, hamilton-smith, livestock, hamilton-smith collection

The can(product) of powdered Mortein was used throughout Australia and especially in rural regions where environmental conditions of crops, cattle and other livestock resulted in greater amount of "invasions" from insects. The eradication of unwanted invaders into the homestead required either manual extermination or a relevant poison which in low doses would not affect humans. Fly squats were still a good measure of eradication of flying pests however those lurking in cupboards or "hard to get at" locations needed a method, such as the Mortein powder to do the deed. This product and especially this can was used at the fore front of pest eradication. Powders and pellets are still in use 100 years later and the core ingredient is still environmental friendly and meets health conscious modern Australians. The basic product has survived the passage of time and was invented by a German immigrant to Australia in the late 1800s.This can and what it represents to rural households and outhouses, is in some ways immeasurable to the peace, health and tranquility within the household of all the families within the Kiewa Valley. Although small in size the relief of those within the sanctity of the home from annoying pests is enormous. The relief not only physical but also mentally to those residents, from the sometimes grueling and painful rural existence in a "sunburnt" countryside cannot be truly expressed in words. Kiewa Valley residents are part of the sometimes harsh rural environment where the introduction of helpful products such as this powder are noticed and used more prolifically. Any product, especially invented within Australia, which allows for a easier existence is of a great significance.This small cylindrical can contains powder of crushed the chrysanthemum flowers(pyrethrum extract) and has two circles of small circular perforations in the lid (to allow contents to be sprinkled onto other surfaces). It is constructed of mild steel with both ends crimped onto the main cylinder. A paper information label has been adhered to the outside of the cylinder.Printed on the outside label is: 1st line "MORTEIN!" 2nd line "THE GREAT INSECT DESTROYER" underneath "(Registered)" and underneath "It is without doubt the best and most reliable Insect powder in the World" underneath this line "In order to use Mortein with profit it is best to get a Mortein spreader through", next line "which by pressure of the hand the powder is ejected and well diffused." An inflection mark appears over the e in "Mortein" as to signify that the word "mort" is french for (dead) and the "ein" is german for "one". The word "mortein" therefore is diffused and translated into "dead one". A thin line separates the above from the list of insects which the powdered contents will kill together with the suggested application targets. T the bottom of the instructions is printed the manufacturer "J. HAGEMANN PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE," Below is "Sole Proprietors"natural insecticide products, environmentally friendly products, household pest dispensers, australian inventions

This photograph was taken at Wooragee Hall on the Friday 27th February, 2004 as part of an event called Foxy Night Out. This event was about sharing awareness about the impacts of foxes in rural areas and discussing methods to control their populations. There were two mains speakers at this event, the first; Camille Veselsky, a specialist in fox behaviour who worked for the Hume Rural lands Protection Board on pest animal control, and the second; Leanne Wheaton, a nature conservationist. Pictured in this photograph is Camille Veselsky giving his presentation. Regional areas like Wooragee are susceptible to fox attacks due to the availability of food such as rubbish, scraps, native wildlife and livestock. Foxes can have a huge impact on native wildlife and domestic life as they are known to chew through irrigation systems, dig-up and defecate in gardens, raid rubbish bins and harass other domestic animals.This photo is a record of the events that Wooragee Landcare organises in order to raise awareness and educate about environmental conservation issues in the area. It shows practical solutions that have been considered in fox controlLandscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paperReverse: WAN NA 0A2A0N0 NNN+ 1 6329 / [PRINTED] (No.6A) / 495 Camille Veselsky / Foxy Night out / 27/2/04foxy night out, wooragee hall, wooragee landcare group, wooragee landcare's collection, camille veselsky

Photograph of Quoll taxidermy, part of the Quoll presentation at the Wooragee Hall on Friday, 27th February, 2004 as part of an event called Foxy Night Out. Foxy Night Out is part of a land fox control project. This workshop is conducted to help private and public community members to understand foxes and effective fox control techniques, and its impact to agriculture and other animals. Quolls are carnivorous marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea. They grow up to 125cm and weighs up to 5kg. The spotted-tail Quoll is now the largest carnivore on the mainland. Quolls have black to fawn fur, white spots, long and thin tails. Quolls can attack livestock like chickens. They are known for sharp teeth that enables them to sustain a diet that involves poultry meat. They hunt for their families. Historically, Quolls are treated as pests and were trapped or poisoned by people who are protecting their chickens.This photograph contributes to the scientific and historical records on fox control in Victoria. It reflects the effects of foxes and quolls to livelihood, thus, creates a picture of Victorian agriculture, trade, and community activities. Coloured rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paperReverse: WAN NA / 0ANA2N0 BN2+ 2 1636 / (No. 5) 919foxes, quoll, landcare workshop, taxidermy, ecosystem, fox control project, agriculture, fox, marsupials, carnivore, pests

Victorian Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VIOSH) Australia is the Asia-Pacific centre for teaching and research in occupational health and safety (OHS) and is known as one of Australia's leaders in the field. VIOSH has a global reputation for its innovative approach within the field of OHS management. VIOSH had its first intake of students in 1979. At that time the Institution was known as the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In 1990 it became known as Ballarat University College, then in 1994 as University of Ballarat. It was 2014 that it became Federation University. VIOSH Australia students are safety managers, senior advisors and experienced OHS professionals. They come from all over Australia and industry. Students are taught active research and enquiry; rather than textbook learning and a one-size fits all approach. VIOSH accepts people into the Graduate Diploma of Occupational Hazard Management who have no undergraduate degree - on the basis of extensive work experience and knowledge. VIOSH was requested to act in a consultancy project by Bunge Meat Industries, Corowa. This was for one day and provided by Steve Cowley on 11 April 1996, at Huntly Piggery. It was to assess the exposure to airborne particles in piggery production eco-shelters. Eco-shelters are specialist shelter covers that are manufactured to required size. Important to keep them well tensioned. Consultancy involved preliminary assessment followed by advise to company detailing what further sampling and analysis maybe required. Colour photograph showing a number of pigs under coverviosh, victorian institute of occupational safety and health, consultancy, steve cowley, huntly piggery, airborne particles, eco-shelter, bunge meat industries, sampling, analysis, livestock, animals

Portrait of Kelso Fragrance, the Junior and Grand Champion Shorthorn Heifer, exhibited by G. Starritt in 1960. George 'Ray' Starritt OBE joined the Society in 1957, with his father founded the Kelso Park stud, originally for sheep, in 1914. Starritt became a Life Councillor of the RASV in 1977, and held the office of Vice President for 12 years before taking on the presidential seat from 1982 to 1986.Colour, landscape photograph in gilt frame with glass front, wire hungKelso Fragrance (2.9.59) / Sire, Chapelton Bright Fashion (imp.), Dam, Kelso Sweet Fragrance / Junior and Grand Champion Shorthorn Heifer, Melbourne, 1960. / Exhibited by G. Starritt & Sons, Kelso, Tatura, Vic. / 525.3933 /shorthorn, cattle, cow, heifer, starritt, g starrit, george starritt, ray starritt, livestock, blue ribbon competition, winner, grand champion

Market Inn William Street Port Fairy. William and Emma Osmond with two small children arrived in Belfast in 1852 as assisted migrants assigned to R.H.Woodward. Two years later William was rated for a two room stone house in William Street. By 1868 William was in business as a butcher and was the holder of a Beer and Colonial wine licence for his home which now numbers eight rooms. The licence having been granted he opened the Volunteer Arms there which he operated for two years whilst he had built, the two storied stone building next door to take advantage of the fact that a livestock sale yards was operating on the opposite side of William Street hence the name Market Inn. William died in 1876 and his sons continued to run the hotel until 1916 when the building was sold and the licence transferred to Harold Revell a retired farmer. The licence was revoked in 1918 and the building became a private dwelling. Black and white Photograph of Two story market hotel with verandah over right side 3 females and a male on footpathhotel, william street, h revell, william osmond, emma osmond, market, inn

Continuous ten page Sale No. 40 Fat Cattle Sale Bendigo dated 11/7/95. Report issued on the 11/7/95 by Ben. Report lists the buyers name and the number of head purchased each time from each agent and the total number purchased. Agents names are abbreviated. Buyers names are: Rawiller, Bennetts Meats Pty Ltd, Boydies Butchers, Elders Ltd, Ellis Nuttall & Co, Friswell K, RJ Gilbertson, Hardwick GF & VC, Highland, Masons Meat Pty Ltd, McGregor RH & Co, McIvor Meats, Midfield Meat Wholesa, No Commercial Value, Nicholas & Sons, Newman Livestock Sales, JH Ralph & Son, Safeway No 188, Saville, Andrew Schenk, Starr A, Tehan TP & MW, D & K Webb, Welsh, Woodhead B, Woodward RH & Co Pty, ?ay and Rodwell B.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - fat cattle sale bendigo 11/7/95, rawiller, bennetts meats pty ltd, boydies butchers, elders ltd, ellis nuttall & co, friswell k, rj gilbertson, hardwick gf & vc, highland, masons meat pty ltd, mcgregor rh & co, mcivor meats, midfield meat wholesa, no commercial value, nicholas & sons, newman livestock sales, jh ralph & son, safeway no 188, saville, andrew schenk, starr a, tehan tp & mw, d & k webb, welsh, woodhead b, woodward rh & co pty, z?ay, rodwell b

9 Hand written pages mentioning the totals of Sheep, Cattle, Horses, Bobby Calves, Pigs and Goats sold at the saleyards from July 87 to Sept 89. May 88 was the last entry for horses. After this date a column for stores was inserted. Six hand written pages Oct 89 to Jun 91.Columns mention the totals of sheep, lambs, fat cattle, bulls, bobby calves and pigs with totals. Typed list of Bendigo Special Sheep Sale Dates 1991. Also listed are the advertising agents: Elders Pastoral, R H McGregor & Company, W McKean & Company, Miller Turner Livestock, F P Nevins & Company, Ellis Nuttall & Company, B Rodwell & Company, E M Vains & Company, Victorian Producers and Dalgety Farmers Limited. Written at the end is Charolaise 1st Wednesday March '92. All Agents.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - grand totals of stock sold - july 87 to sept 89

Taken in approximately 1930, this photograph depicts the ruins of Rosehill Dairy. A woman stands beside the ruins, observing them solemnly. The owner of this once prominent dairy, John Brewer, was born in Cornwall, England in 1832. After coming to Australia in 1849, Brewer worked in various forms of livestock transportation. Upon hearing of the vast discovery of gold in Victoria's north-east, he engaged in mining in the Ovens Goldfield district before starting his own dairy on Wooragee road (now Old Wooragee road). The Wooragee Valley, approximately five kilometres north of Beechworth, was used extensively during the nineteenth century to build farming practices in the area, possessing eighteen farms by 1860. Brewer enjoyed a prosperous career in the dairy industry, personally delivering milk to the residents of Beechworth. He died on the thirteenth of August 1915, a few weeks shy of his eighty-third birthday. As this photograph is dated approximately fifteen years later, it can be assumed that the dairy fell into neglect following his death. This photograph is historically significant as it provides insight the development of the dairy industry in Beechworth in the second half of the nineteenth century.Black and white square photograph printed on matte photographic paper Reverse: 1997.2912 / John Brewers / Rosehill / Dairy / top of the 'rising sun' /john brewer, 1930 beechworth, rosehill dairy, dairy industry beechworh, dairy factories beechworth, dairying, dairy farm beechworth, wooragee road, wooragee valley, old wooragee road, dairy farm ruins

Can we humans simply ignore the fires, the floods, and the increase in deaths brought about by climate change? In this book, Australian farmers - who bear the brunt of climate change, yet accept the science - share their experiences with the unpredictable weather events, the reduction in rainfall, and the shift to hotter months which are a challenge to farming cycles. Far from contributing to the problem with their farming practices, these farmers demonstrate how to reduce their greenhouse gases - to zero or below in some cases - while remaining profitable. They are all committed to pass on their farm in a better condition than when they first purchased or inherited it. With crops or livestock, big or small, they have worked cooperatively, mostly through land management, to plant thousands of trees, which has led to the daily presence of over 100 bird species. The farmers' inspiring and informative stories will open up a new world to most urban dwellers. A summary of climate change impacts - and an account of the numerous economic, political, and media barriers toward change - combine to provide a context for their work. 280 pages : colour illustrations, colour maps, colour portraits ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Also available in digital formats: ebook &​ epdf. ISBN 9781925078503 Dewey number 338.10994 Chapter 5 : Bob & Anne Davie Donor : Anne Davie ; Date : 14.10.2015.agriculture -- environmental aspects -- australia., farmers -- australia -- economic conditions., rural development -- australia., climatic changes -- australia.

There are several different designs of drench guns within the NWM Collection that show the change in their development over time. On the left side of this gun white paint indicates the adjustable dose lever. It is a sliding scale from 10 to 0 cubic centimetres of liquid (now typical measure in millilitres). It also has a small and straight tip suggesting this gun was typically used for dosing Lambs as opposed to ewes. The manual adjuster helped to minimise cases of overdosing which can be fatal for livestock while the additional curvature helped to ensure the liquid reached the desired location within the sheep’s mouth. This desired location is on the left rear of the sheep’s tongue (from the sheep’s point of view) as this is where the oesophagus is located. The main risks are that drench may be delivered into the lungs via the trachea or “windpipe”, which can also prove fatal. The opening to the trachea which leads to the lungs is in the middle of the back of the throat. Another risk is the throat can also be damaged due to rough handling.Silver metal with black finishing drench gun. Straight tip on gun protrudes from the body which feature a thin squeezable trigger to the front of the body. The main bulk, which the trigger is squeezed towards has silver cylinder on top of the handle where tubing carrying the liquid drench into the gun attaches. The small section of tubing still attached has a yellow/orange appearance from remanence of drench which would have been this colour.sheep drenching, veterinary instruments

There are several different designs of drench guns within the NWM Collection that show the change in their development over time. On the left side of this gun white paint indicates the adjustable dose lever. It is a sliding scale from 10 to 0 cubic centimetres of liquid (now typical measure in millilitres). It also has a large diameter curvature suggesting this gun was typically used for dosing ewes as opposed to lambs. The manual adjuster helped to minimise cases of overdosing which can be fatal for livestock while the additional curvature helped to ensure the liquid reached the desired location within the sheep’s mouth. This desired location is on the left rear of the sheep’s tongue (from the sheep’s point of view) as this is where the oesophagus is located. The main risks are that drench may be delivered into the lungs via the trachea or “windpipe”, which can also prove fatal. The opening to the trachea which leads to the lungs is in the middle of the back of the throat. Another risk is the throat can also be damaged due to rough handling.Silver metal with black finishing drench gun. Large curvature tip on gun protrudes from the body which feature a thin squeezable trigger to the front of the body. The main bulk, which the trigger is squeezed towards, has badge which reads “Manufactured and designed by N.J. Phillips Pty Ltd, Sydney”. Behind this body is silver tubing featuring attachment point for the tubing which would have carried the liquid drench into the gun. The small section of tubing still attached has a yellow/orange appearance from remanence of drench which would have been this colour.Left lettering: 10CC 5CC 0/ 7.5 2.5/ Left rotated lettering: MANUFACTURED/ & DESIGNED BY/ N.J.PHILLIPS PTY. LTD./ SYDNEY . AUSTRALIA/sheep drenching, veterinary instruments

Continuous nine page Sale No. 41 Fat Cattle Sale Bendigo dated 18/7/95. Report issued on the 18/7/95 by Kerrie Crowley. Report lists the buyers name and the number of head purchased each time from each agent and the total number purchased. Agents names are abbreviated. Buyers names are: ?itchell Wayne, Bennetts Meats Pty Ltd, Boydies Butchers, Elders Ltd, Ellis Nuttall & Co, Frew Wholesale Meats, Friswell K, RJ Gilbertson, Grenfell N, Hardwick G F & VC, Highland, Masons Meat Pty Ltd, McIvor meats, Midfield Meat Wholesa, Newman Livestock Sales, J H Ralph & Son, Safeway No 188, Saville, Andrew Schenk, Starr A, D & K Webb, Welsh, Welsh, M/S K & J Wignall, Woodhead B, Woodward RH & Co Pty and Harper.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - fat cattle sale bendigo 18/7/95, kerrie crowley, ?itchell wayne, bennetts meats pty ltd, boydies butchers, elders ltd, ellis nuttall & co, frew wholesale meats, friswell k, rj gilbertson, grenfell n, hardwick g f & vc, highland, masons meat pty ltd, mcivor meats, midfield meat wholesa, newman livestock sales, j h ralph & son, safeway no 188, saville, andrew schenk, starr a, d & k webb, welsh, welsh, m/s k & j wignall, woodhead b, woodward rh & co pty, harper

Continuous seven page Sale No. 33 Fat Cattle Sale Bendigo dated 27/6/95. Report issued on the 27/6/95 by Ben. Report lists the buyers name and the number of head purchased each time from each agent and the total number purchased. Agents names are abbreviated. Buyers names are: JJ McAllister, M/S K & J Wignall, McIvor Meats, Welsh, Bennetts Meats Pty Ltd, Boydies Butchers, Elders Ltd, Ellis Nuttall & Compa, Friswell K, R J Gilbertson, Hardwick GF & VC, Highland, Masons Meat Pty Ltd, McGregor RH & Co, McKean W & Co, Midfield Meat Wholesa, Newman Livestock Serv, Safeway No 188, Andrew Schenk, Starr A, Tehan TP & MW, Wagstaff Cranbourne P, Wiegard B & S, Woodhead B, Woodward RH & Co Pty, S Huddle, Carruthers A and Vendor A.Ron Lairdbendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - fat cattle sale bendigo 27/6/95, jj mcallister, m/s k & j wignall, mcivor meats, welsh, bennetts meats pty ltd, boydies butchers, elders ltd, ellis nuttall & compa, friswell k, r j gilbertson, hardwick gf & vc, highland, masons meat pty ltd, mcgregor rh & co, mckean w & co, midfield meat wholesa, newman livestock serv, safeway no 188, andrew schenk, starr a, tehan tp & mw, wagstaff cranbourne p, wiegard b & s, woodhead b, woodward rh & co pty, s huddle, carruthers a, vendor a

Continuous thirteen page Sale No. 16 Fat Cattle Sale Bendigo dated 6/6/95. Report issued on the 22/9/95 by Ben. Report lists the buyers name and the number of head purchased each time from each agent and the total number purchased. Agents names are abbreviated. Buyers names are: Andrews Meats, Bennetts Meats Pty Ltd, Boydies Butchers, K Friswell, RJ Gilbertson, J Gregory, GF & VC Hardwick, Highland, Masons Meat Pty Ltd, McGregor RH & Co, McKean & Co, Midfield Meat Wholesa, Newman Livestock Serv, Penney & Lang Pty Ltd, J H Ralph & Son, Safeway No 188, Smorgan Consolidated, Tehan TP & MW, Top Meats, Vains EM & Co Pty Ltd, Wagstaff Cranbourne P, Wiegard B & S, Woodhead B, Woodward RH & Co Pty, Gillingham, McAliaster and Mum.Benbendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - fat cattle sale bendigo 6/6/95, andrews meats, bennetts meats pty ltd, boydies butchers, k friswell, rj gilbertson, j gregory, gf & vc hardwick, highland, masons meat pty ltd, mcgregor rh & co, mckean & co, midfield meat wholesa, newman livestock serv, penney & lang pty ltd, j h ralph & son, safeway no 188, smorgan consolidated, tehan tp & mw, top meats, vains em & co pty ltd, wagstaff cranbourne p, wiegard b & s, woodhead b, woodward rh & co pty, gillingham, mcaliaster, mum

The town borrows its name from the Koroitch Gundidj people who occupied the area prior to European settlement. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroit, accessed 21 December 2016) Koroit was first surveyed as a township in 1847. Around the 1850 the district had the highest population of Irish immigrants in rural Australia. The Koroit Post Office was designed by architect and engineer John Mason of Port Fairy. (Moyne Shire Heritage Study 2006 Stage 2, Volume 2: Environmental History, Prepared for Moyne Shire Council Helen Doyle in association with Context Pty Ltd, 2006.) Rosebrook Bridge, Rosebrook (1853; replaced) Post Office buildings, Bank Street, Port Fairy (c.1857) The author Henry Handel Richardson lived in the Koroit Post Office as a child after her family moved to Koroit in 1878. Remembering Koroit from her youth, the third volume in her The Fortunes of Richard Mahony trilogy is set in the town. When the author was six, her father Walter died in Koroit on 1 August 1879 and was buried at the Koroit cemetery. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroit, accessed 21 December 2016) In 1878 Mary Richardson was appointed postmistress of the Koroit Post Office at a salary of 72 pounds with free quarters, firewood and kerosene. She lived at the back of the Post Office. (From a Green and Pleasant Land by H. McCorkell and P. Yule.) Photographs showing the bluestone Koroit Post Office, phone box and postbox. It is located at 99 Commercial Road, Koroit. "Historic Area Statement of Significance: The significance of Koroit derives from its role as the urban centre of one of the most concentrated Irish Roman Catholic rural districts in Australia, noted for its mixed livestock and cropping argicultural patterns. This is reflected in two separate and distinctive areas in the town - the administrative/commercial area and the church precinct. The administrative and commercial area (focussing on the Boundary-Commercial Road/High Street intersection and the Koroit Hotel) consists of a number of significant public buildings and leads to a street of relatively intact humble shopfronts and kerbline verandahs, visually punctuated by opposing bank facades. The church precinct is dominated by a group of Catholic buildings larger in scale and more complete in range than those in any comparably sized Victorian town." http://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/69338#sthash.ELLuSMvg.dpuf, accessed 21 December 2016."koroit, post office, phone box, payphone, bluestone, henry handel richardson, koroit post office

William and Emma Osmond with two small children arrived in Belfast in 1852 as assisted migrants assigned to R. H. Woodward . Two years later William was rated for a two room stone house in William street. By 1868 William Osmond was in business as a Butcher and was the holder of a Beer and Colonial wine license for his home which now numbered eight rooms. The license having been granted he opened the Volunteer Arms there, which he operated for two years whilst he had built, the two storied stone building next door, to take advantage of the fact that a livestock sale yards was operating on the opposite side of William street, hence the name Market Inn. William died in 1876 and his sons continued to run the hotel until 1916, when the building was sold and the license transferred to Harold Revell, a retired farmer. The license was revoked in 1918. and the building became a private dwelling . The building is still standing although the market for which it was named is long gone. It is now a private home and Art Gallery. Image of the building as it presents todayblack and white photograph of Two story bluestone market hotel with rendered front and checkered quoinshotel, building, william street, market, osmond, volunteer arms

William and Emma Osmond with two small children arrived in Belfast in 1852 as assisted migrants assigned to R. H. Woodward . Two years later William was rated for a two room stone house in William street. By 1868 William Osmond was in business as a Butcher and was the holder of a Beer and Colonial wine license for his home which now numbered eight rooms. The license having been granted he opened the Volunteer Arms there, which he operated for two years whilst he had built, the two storied stone building next door, to take advantage of the fact that a livestock sale yards was operating on the opposite side of William street, hence the name Market Inn. William died in 1876 and his sons continued to run the hotel until 1916, when the building was sold and the license transferred to Harold Revell, a retired farmer. The license was revoked in 1918. and the building became a private dwelling . The building is still standing although the market for which it was named is long gone. It is now a private home and Art Gallery. Image of the hotel with its verandah intact and buildings to the rightBlack and white photographhotel, building, william street, osmond family, market, inn

William and Emma Osmond with two small children arrived in Belfast in 1852 as assisted migrants assigned to R. H. Woodward . Two years later William was rated for a two room stone house in William street. By 1868 William Osmond was in business as a Butcher and was the holder of a Beer and Colonial wine license for his home which now numbered eight rooms. The license having been granted he opened the Volunteer Arms there, which he operated for two years whilst he had built, the two storied stone building next door, to take advantage of the fact that a livestock sale yards was operating on the opposite side of William street, hence the name Market Inn. William died in 1876 and his sons continued to run the hotel until 1916, when the building was sold and the license transferred to Harold Revell, a retired farmer. The license was revoked in 1918. and the building became a private dwelling . The building is still standing although the market for which it was named is long gone. It is now a private home and Art Gallery. the 4 people in the photograph are probably the Osmond sonsPhotograph of an earlier time when a verandah existed on the front and the butcher shop was attachedBlack and white photograph 2 photos exposed togetherhotel, osmond, william street, market

This photograph was taken at Wooragee Hall on the Friday 27th February, 2004 as part of an event called Foxy Night Out. This event was about sharing awareness about the impacts of foxes in rural areas and discussing methods to control their populations. There were two mains speakers at this event, the first; Camille Veselsky, a specialist in fox behaviour who worked for the Hume Rural lands Protection Board on pest animal control, and the second; Leanne Wheaton, a nature conservationist. Pictured in this photograph (left -right): Mary Prowse, Leanne Wheaton, Tony Prowse, Ray Henderson. Leanne Wheaton holds a portable electric fence, that is useful in preventing fox attacks on wildlife, including Bush Stone-Curlew nests Regional areas like Wooragee are susceptible to fox attacks due to the availability of food such as rubbish, scraps, native wildlife and livestock. Foxes can have a huge impact on native wildlife and domestic life as they are known to chew through irrigation systems, dig-up and defecate in gardens, raid rubbish bins and harass other domestic animals.This photo is a record of the events that Wooragee Landcare organises in order to raise awareness and educate about environmental conservation issues in the area. It shows practical solutions that have been considered in fox controlLandscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paperReverse: WAN NA 0A2A0N0 NNN+ 1 6329 / [PRINTED] (No.6A) / 497 wooragee, wooragee hall, wooragee landcare, wooragee landcare group, fox, foxy, foxy night out, leanne wheaton, mary prowse, tony prowse, ray henderson, wheaton, prowse, henderson, electric fence, portable electric fence, landcare workshop, fox control project

This photograph was taken at Wooragee Hall on the Friday 27th February, 2004 as part of an event called Foxy Night Out. This event was about sharing awareness about the impacts of foxes in rural areas and discussing methods to control their populations. There were two mains speakers at this event, the first; Camille Veselsky, a specialist in fox behaviour who worked for the Hume Rural lands Protection Board on pest animal control, and the second; Leanne Wheaton, a nature conservationist. Pictured in this photograph, background (left -right): Graeme Missen, Bob Stelling, Quentin Mansfield, unknown, unknown; Colin Payne. Foreground (left -right): Tony Prowse; Mary Prowse, Digby Race. Also pictured are two taxidermy goannas on top of the tables which were brought in as an example of reptile species that are vulnerable to fox attacks. Regional areas like Wooragee are susceptible to fox attacks due to the availability of food such as rubbish, scraps, native wildlife and livestock. Foxes can have a huge impact on native wildlife and domestic life as they are known to chew through irrigation systems, dig-up and defecate in gardens, raid rubbish bins and harass other domestic animals. (One paragraph about the significance ie: The photograph is an example of the type of events hosted by Wooragee Landcare to inform the general public about potential risks to private and public property. .....)Landscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paperReverse: WAN NA 0A2A0N0 ANN+ 1 6329 / [PRINTED] (No.5a7) / 496wooragee, wooragee landcare, fox, foxy

Situated at 47 Lansell Street, Bendigo, the original 1911-12 Charles D'Ebro designed brick Bendigo Municipal Abattoir, comprising twin slaughter and hanging rooms for cattle, sheep and pigs, and two smaller ancillary brick buildings. After the buildings were acquired by the Country Roads Board in 1945, a substantial but sympathetic addition was made to the south-eastern end of the old cattle abattoir. The abattoir is significant for historic, architectural and technical reasons at a state level. as a rare surviving municipal abattoir, and represents the development of hygienic slaughtering through municipal regulations, thus improving standards of public health in Victoria. It is historically significant to the City of Greater Bendigo as a key to the primary production industry that centred on this precinct from the 1860s to the mid 1990s; they are an important surviving component of one of the largest regional livestock markets in Victoria. D'Ebro was critically influential in the development of industrial and in particular meat processing buildings, designing major freezing works and abattoirs throughout Victoria and Australia.(Source, National Trust Database). The Bendigo facility finally closed in 1945, when all slaughtering for local consumption passed to a joint export and local slaughtering facility at the Bendigo Inland Meat Authority. Ink, pen, pencil and watercolour architectural drawing for the proposed brick residence at Bendigo abattoirs. Proposed Brick Residence at Bendigo Abbatoirs (sic) For The Bendigo City Council. / Front Elevation / Easter Elevation / Section A. D. / Ground Plan / Wester Elevation / Section C.D. / Section I. P. ? Existing Building to be / Converted into Laundry ? Scale 1/8" to 1 FT / Geo. Austen Architect / Commonwealth Bank Chambers / Bendigocity of greater bendigo commerce, charles d'ebro

Customs duties were a means of raising revenue between the 1850’s and Federation. They were first introduced by NSW in November 1854 after it was separated from the colony of Victoria three years earlier. J P Hanify was appointed as sub-collector at Belvoir, the official name present day Wodonga at that time. Wodonga Customs House was built near the end of Union Bridge over the Murray River in 1859 Tariffs or customs duties greatly angered residents and it was little wonder the customs officer of the day was always an unpopular man. Tariffs had to be paid on articles such as tobacco, many food items and new clothing that were carried across the Border. The range of items was extended over time, leading to some farmers even swimming their livestock across the river to avoid duties at the Customs house. The levying of duties ended with Federation in 1901. Francis Cobham depicted in this photograph, took up the position of Customs officer in 1867 and remained there until his retirement in 1890. The building was originally a 2 roomed custom house in 1856 but was extended to provide living quarters for the Cobham family while a nearby cottage became the Customs house. The building was moved to a position south of the lagoon in the mid 1980’s and is now a restaurant.This image represents an important stage in the development of colonial relationships and rivalries in Australia.Black and white photograph of Customs officer Francis Cobham in Wodonga c 1860customs house wodonga, albury wodonga border, colonial rivalry victoria /nsw, tariffs

This plaque commemorates the opening of the Wodonga Municipal Saleyards, named the W. G. Page Saleyards, in 1980. The last sales at this facility took place in February 2015 before being replaced by the privately-run Barnawartha North's Northern Victoria Livestock Exchange. William George Page was Shire and City Engineer in Wodonga from 1965 until 1989. When he arrived the Shire of Wodonga had a population of 17,000 people. In 1966 Wodonga was selected as a city for special growth assistance. In 1972 Bill Page presented a new Town Plan to the Wodonga Council. Over the ensuing years he dedicated himself to bring this plan to fruition. He often had to argue and campaign with the Albury-Wodonga Corporation to push for the interests of development in Wodonga. This included winning a planning appeal to allow the saleyards to be relocated to Bandiana on the outskirts of Wodonga. Bill Page retired on health grounds in July 1989. The Council honoured him with a farewell dinner and renamed the saleyards at Bandiana the W.G. Page Saleyards in his honour.The Mayor , Cr Valentina Gillard, said "Every development in Wodonga in the past 24 years has a bit of Bill Page in it". William Page died 3 months later at 58 years old.This plaque commemorates an important centre in the development and support of the livestock industry around Wodonga.A bronze plaque bearing the symbol of the Rural City of Wodonga in the upper left corner and an inscription to commemorate the opening of the Wodonga Municipal Saleyards. It includes a detailed inscription.RURAL CITY OF WODONGA / THIS PLAQUE WAS UNVEILED / ON 29TH JULY 1980 / BY /THE HON. J. C. BALFOUR M.P. / ACTING MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE /TO COMMEMORATE THE OPENING OF THE / WODONGA MUNICIPAL SALEYARDS CR. G. R. CHAMBERLAIN, J.P. MAYOR CR. I . J. MACAULAY CR. M. J. McEACHERN CR. D. I. SCHUBERT, B'E'N', J.P CR. H. W. DRAPER, J.P. CR. D.J .IVERSON CR. E. E. CHESTER CR I. D. WATSON CR. L. C. BOYES CR. B. F. ROGERS CR. P. M. STONE. J.P CR. B. McLEAN TOWN CLERK R. I. O"TOOLE A.I.M.A., A.R.M.I.T, M.A.I.H.S CITY ENGINEER W. G. PAGE, B.E, M.I.E (AUST) B.S .E.W.S L. G. E. A saleyards wodonga, w. g. page saleyards, livestock sales wodonga