This bellows was used at the Warrnambool Racecourse by Master Farrier, Brian Chapman (1931-2017), during the 1970s but its history before then is still being investigated. The bellows have continued to be used from 1978 at Flagstaff Hill's blacksmith's workshop. Even today, in 2021, this same bellows are used by a volunteer blacksmith as he demonstrate the skills and tells of the importance of the blacksmith trade to colonial Australia. This 1860s double-action bellows is a typical form of blacksmith's or shipsmith's bellows. The end is forge-fitted with an iron nozzle or tube, called a tuyere or Tue iron, which concentrates the air to fan the fire or furnace. Tuyeres were traditionally made of cow horn. The double-action design of this bellows efficiently moves air both in and out of the chambers in the one movement of the long handle. The bellows was manufactured by John C. Onions of Birmingham, England, between 1862 and 1875. The stamp with the text, Gold Medal 1862, was also used on the business’ advertising. In 1875 the company was registered and began using the name John C. Onions Limited. JOHN C. ONIONS - John C. (Collingwood) Onions (1841-1904) was the son of a bellows maker of the same name. Onions (born 1841) and his wife Helen married in 1867 and they named one of their children John Collingwood Onions (1868-1913), as was the family tradition. He was well known as a Birmingham manufacturer of patented bellows and other forge-related equipment. He sold to the wholesale and retail markets for both local and overseas customers, including the British colonies. An 1862 advertisement points out that John C. Onions was a “Bellows manufacturer and contractor to Her Majesty’s Honourable Board of Ordinance” and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French [Napoleon Bonaparte]”. The advertisement includes a sketched portrait of the Emperor Napoleon III, and an Imperial Autograph Letter dated May 23, 1854, from Napoleon, Palace of the Tulleries to Mr J C Onions of Bradford Street, Birmingham. In 1863 the company registered a patent on portable forges. In 1871 there were eight employees. John C. Onions Limited became a registered company in 1875. In 1876 an advertisements included that the company were smiths for hearths and tools in general and showed a row of six medallions including one with “Napoleon III, Emperor” and his portrait, and another “ _ _ _ 1862 MEDAL”. Their advertising motto was “For Excellence of Quality”. In 1885 the company merged with William Allday and Sons to become Allday and Onions. This mid-19th century bellows has local historical significance as it were once used by blacksmiths at the Warrnambool Racecourse in the annual racing event that continues today. This bellows is significant as a working example of equipment used in the 1800 and 1900s in the trace of blacksmiths and other metal working smiths. The bellows is technologically significant as it shows the progress from simple bellows to the double-action bellows, a time saving and efficient improvement. The manufacturer John C. Onions is historically significant as a family business that began in the 1600s and continued up until the 1980s.Bellows; large, oval, mechanical double-action smith’s bellows, manually operated, in working condition. The paddles of wood that form the top, middle sections and base of the bellows have flexible leather pieces attached firmly between them, forming airtight double lungs. Cut-outs in the panels allow the bellows to fill with air then force it out. A long handle is connected to pump the bellows and control the quantity and force of the air. The blasts of air are forced through the metal nozzle or tuyere at the end of the bellows and into the forge’s fire. Inscriptions are impressed into the wood on the upper paddle or board of the bellows. There are three circular stamps containing text. Text impressed in the wooden upper paddle of the bellows has been assumed to read “JOHN C. ONIONS, PATENTEES & MANUFACTURERS, BIRMINGHAM””?” “EXTRA” “AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE OF QUALITY”, made from the following readable text :- “JOHN C ONIONS“ “PATENT - - - & MAN - - - - - - - - -“, “BIR - - - - HAM“, “ _ ERA - - - - “- XTRA-“, “- - - - - - - FOR EXCELL-“ “OF - - - - ITY” Text in the stamp “ - - ECE - - “, “ - - - - - / 1862 / MEDAL”, “- ITY” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, john collingwood onions, john c onions, allday and onions, bellows, smith’s bellows, 19th century bellows, double-action bellows, double-acting bellows, double lung bellows, double chamber bellows, blacksmith tools, blacksmith trade, blacksmith craft, blacksmith equipment, forging equipment, john c onions patented double-action bellows, brian chapman, warrnambool racecourse, blacksmith, shipsmith, iron smith, mechanical bellows

Drawn thread was an embroidery technique that appeared in the 17th century. In the late 19th and early 20th century it was used on linen and cotton to create decorative functional items such as this tablecloth. The item is of significance socially as an example of a decorative domestic object from the early 1900s. It is a fine example of drawn thread embroidery.Handmade decorative tablecloth created from soft white linen. A crochet lace edge decorates the outer edge of the tablecloth and drawn thread work has been used to create two large inner borders as well as fine edging borders.flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, tablecloth, linen, crochet lace, drawn thread work, textile, domestic object, decorative lace edging

At the turn of the 20th century cigarette smoking was widely adopted, and elegant smoking accessories became a necessity and items such as this desk dispenser became a popular trend for fashionable men and women. Evidence of trends in the early 1900s.Rectangle metal cigarette dispenser mounted offset on a dark green painted timber base. The tin slides up on an inlay wall rail allowing the tin to slide up and down but not come of the wall. Tin lid is removable to allow the container to be filled The inside internal walls of the tin are angled so that when the tin is lifted it pushes a cigarette into the inset holder to dispense a cigarette. Bottom of the base is lined with green felt.On the top of the lid: 'Cigarettes' in script font.cigarettes, smoking, tabacco, trends

This book was used for record keeping by the owner of the country local store. It was used to record sold items during each day. Items range from food, cigarettes, clothing, bolts and nails etc. Prior to a store goods were sold by a hawker who travelled from place to place selling goods. Stores gradually multiplied into individual stores focusing on one or two areas of goods. eg. food, clothing, hardware, Now in 2025 goods are mostly bought online and delivered to one's home.This cash book is an example of record keeping and of a general store in the country enabling comparisons to be made with new practices and items required by a country population in the early 1900s. Also the items used at the time.Leather bound Cash Book with yellowing lined pages. 192 pages. Entries on each page give the name of the person, their purchase and cost of the item(s). On the left hand side each customer has a number eg. No. 106 is E. Clutterbuck - this may refer to another book re his account.Embossed on the Spine in gold "Cash Book". Each page full of customers the details written in ink. At the top a date is given indicating that the book was used from 1906 to 1907.cash book 1906-1907, country store, occupation shop keeper

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. This card is one of two cards which directly connects the album with an Emerald resident. The writer, O E Cowper was the wife of Percy Cowper who was the Emerald Postmaster 1929-1947. The couple appear to have been on a short holiday in the city. The postcard appears to have been written to an Emerald resident, Elsie, who had a brother, Les. It refers to a shop or perhaps a shopping expedition in local town, Belgrave, which was relevant to Elsie.This postcard in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Post Card of Flinders Street, Melbourne c1940s. Black and white photographic image.On front at bottom of image: 'THE ROSE SERIES P.210 FLINDERS STREET, MELBOURNE, VIC. / COPYRIGHT' Back of image: Handwritten message 'Dear Elsie We are having a nice holiday / Hope to be home on / Wednesday mornings / bus Have you heard from Stan? / & how did the shop in Belgrave go / on Saturday. Regards, to Mother Les / & Bill Yours O E Cowper' Baack of image: Printed 'Published by the Rose Stereograph (?) / Armadale Victoria'postcard album, 1940s, flinders street, rose series postcards, "green postcard album"

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. This card is one of two cards which directly connects the album with an Emerald resident. The writer, O E Cowper was the wife of Percy Cowper who was the Emerald Postmaster 1929-1947. The couple appear to have been on a short holiday in the city. The postcard message refers to an Emerald resident, Mr Legge.This postcard in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Post Card of Swanston Street, Melbourne c1930s. Black and white photographic image.On front at bottom of image: 'SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE, VIC. / SOUTHERN CROSS SERIES P3276' Back of image: Handwritten message 'Dear Elsie / We are having a nice holiday but I feel / pretty tired today. Too much walking yes- / terday & a North Wind. We went to / see Mr Legge in the Hospital the / other day as we were passing there. / How are the Chooks? How is Quilthy getting / on? She didn't try to follow us. / Regards to Mum, Mrs Fielder & [?]Sheila / Yours as ever O E Cowperpostcard album, swanston street, 1940s, "green postcard album"

These Christmas cards are part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. These cards are the only cards in the collection and may be circa 1950s. They depict representations of the Madonna and Child by Italian Rennaissance artists. These cards are inside their original envelopes and were never used but may have been kept for religious, sentimental or aesthetic reasons.These Christmas cards are the only cards in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Christmas cards (3) almost identical except for different representations of the Madonna and ChildInside cards: 'Christmas Greetings / and good wishes / for the New Year' Back of cards at bottom: 'G. B. Florence Made in Italy'christmas cards, postcard album, "green postcard album"

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century. It depicts the memorial to William Chaffey in Mildura and commemorates his accomplishments in founding Mildura and Renmark. This statue was unveiled in 1929, and as the surrounding garden looks very new, the postcard can be dated 1920s-1930sThis postcard is in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. It reflects the popularity of collecting postcards in Australia which reached a height in the early 1900s until around 1920. Coloured, photographic postcard of William Chaffey statue in Mildura. No markings on the back of the postcard. On front: 'CHAFFEY MEMORIAL. MILDURA'postcard, photography, 1920s, 1930s, william chaffey, mildura, "green postcard album"

These type of cigarette silks were included in WD & HO Wills cigarette packets to induce women in particular to take up smoking.|The Word 'Cartophilic?|It is believed that this unusual word was coined in the 1920s by Col. Bagnall, an Englishman, who was the father of the hobby of cigarette card and trade card collecting. It is thought to be a combination of a Latin word, 'carto' meaning 'card and the Greek word 'philic', meaning 'love'.- lover of cards. The term originally related to the collection of the two types mentioned, however, our Society has included postcards in the range of items collected by our members.|The Cigarette Card|The cigarette card began its evolution in the United States of America, in the early 1880s as a plain piece of cardboard used by tobacconists to protect the cigarettes which were sold in that era, not in packets, but loosely. A purchaser would buy his cigarettes then wrap them in paper around the small piece of cardboard, which acted as a stiffener. In fact, for many decades, cigarette cards were known as 'stiffeners' in the USA.|The card depicting 'The Marquis of Lome' is reputed to be the first known cigarette card issued. This is thought to have been in 1879. It did not take long for an enterprising entrepreneur to recognise the advertising potential of the cigarette card, and, very soon, the cards began displaying popular images, often in sets. This had the effect of youngsters, wishing to complete their sets, harassing their fathers to buy a specific brand of cigarettes. The kids who collected cards in the days when they were being issued in the cigarette packets, would hang around outside the local tobacconist's shop, pestering the men who had just bought a packet of cigarette, with the cry: 'can I have the cig can mister?'|It is a proven fact that, here in Australia during the 1930s, at least one set had one card deliberately withheld and issued very sparingly. This card is No. 86 (Mrs Jack Crawford) in the Carreras 'Turf Personality Series'. Thus, in a set of reasonably easy cards to get, this one card is a constant source of frustration for the collector, and as such, commands a premium when it comes to price. It is not hard to imagine the young collector nagging his to Dad to keep buying 'Turf' cigarettes to enable him to finish the set.|From small beginnings the cigarette card soon gave rise to a booming industry in itself. Artists and writers were|employed to produce the cards, which were miniature works of art and served as little encyclopaedia's for the children of the day. By the 1930s cards were being issued in the countless millions. It has been stated, in one book on the history of cards; that 450 million sets of a series produced and issued by the prolific issuer of cards in the United Kingdom, WD & HO Wills. As each set contained 50 cards you would need a calculator with a very long result window to see the answer to how many cards of that series were in circulation.|Australia's involvement would appear to have its beginnings with the English and American firms who shipped their tobacco products here and the cards of American Tobacco Company (ATC) are found in great numbers in early Australian collections; many featuring Australian subjects, e.g. 'Australian Parliament a 1901 issue. Earlier U.S. sets depicting Australians included Goodwin & Co's, so called. 'Australian Series' with cricketers and Australian Rules footballers who were on the sporting scene during the 1880s. The caption of one of theses cards reads:|'W.Hannysee. Captain Port Melbourne Football Club' which enables us to pinpoint the year of issue to either 1889 or 1890.|On the Australian scene the first local manufacturer who issued cards seems to have been The National Cigarette Company of Australia Proprietary Limited, whose 'Tally Ho' packets contained cards from a series of thirteen featuring the touring 'English Cricket Team 1897-8' Of the few Australian manufacturers who issued cards, only two companies issued more the two sets.|Undoubtedly the cards issued by the Melbourne firm Sniders & Abrahams (later Sniders & Abrahams Pty Ltd) are the 'jewels in the crown' of Australian card issues. They issued some thirty-three series, with numerous sub-series and allied issues such as metal badges, metal football shields, celluloid flags etc., which ensured that the hobbyist had a vast range from which to collect. Sporting themes – football, cricket, horse racing – dominate, indicating the Australians' love of sport and the outdoors was as strong in those earlier times as it is today. Military, animals and birds themes were also to the fore, with a touch of culture being provided by 'Shakespeare', 'Dickens', actresses and even classical 'Statuary'. Humour was not forgotten with 'Cartoons and Caricatures', 'Naval and Cricket (double meaning) Terms' and the 'Jokes' series. Art and history were covered by the artist, S.T. Gill's 'Views of Victoria in 1857' while the stereoscopic 'Views of the World' expanded the collectors' knowledge of the world as a whole.|The Sniders & Abrahams series began in 1904 and by 1919 the company was in decline and was eventually taken over by G.G. Goode & Co. Ltd. This company produced one set only, the highly collectable 'Prominent Cricketer Series' issued in 1924. During the early to mid-1920s, J.J. Schuh Tobacco Pty Ltd issued eight series, again containing the popular subjects of sport and war. At least two provincial tobacconists, Lentens of Bendigo and Baillies of Warrnambool, issued private football series. The last series of cards issued by a truly Australian firm was Dudgeon & Arnell's '1934 Australian Cricket Team'.|The Australian market was not neglected by the English companies with WD & HO Wills, Godfrey Phillips and Ogdens all making their contributions. By far the most active issuer was the long-established company Wills, whose 'Cricketers' of 1901 heralded the flood of Australian series, which continued into the mid-thirties.|The onset of the 1939-45 World War sounded the death knell of the cigarette card and very few post-war issues were made, certainly not here in Australia.|The Trade Card|The Trade Card is a non-tobacco item used by manufacturers to promote and advertise their products, in the same way that cigarette cards were. It is uncertain exactly when they were first produced, but in the USA, non-collectable cards were issued by firms in the early 1800s. These were more akin to a latter day 'business card'. It was not until the 1850s, when coloured and pictorial cards were issued to advertise and promote products that the Trade Card|became a collectable item. Many beautiful lithographic cards were produced in this early era and they are very mu sought after by collectors. By the 1870s the issues of Trade Cards became more prolific and it is from this era that more cards are seen.|Again, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact date of the first Australian Trade Card and it may be that the highly collectable and extremely rare 'American Candy Co's' - 'Pure Caramels' Australian Rules football card, issued i 1891, is the earliest series. This confectionery firm was located in Fitzroy, a Melbourne suburb. To date only two subjects have been seen.|Another early set was 'Flags', issued by F.H.Fauldings & Co. It featured testimonials of seven English cricketers who toured Australia with the 1894/5 Test team. Fauldings was an Adelaide based firm which manufactured medicinal toiletries, soaps and oils, using the distinctly Australian eucalyptus oil. During the 20th century a multitude of Australian businesses issued trade cards, with confectionery manufacturers such as Hoadleys, Allens, Sweetacres and Australian Licorice producing the majority of them. Again sporting themes dominated with the ever popular Aussie Rules football cards being the most numerous. Cricket issues ran a close second.|Apart from sporting cards, almost every subject imaginable was covered by the Trade Card, making it the most diverse and interesting branch of cartophilly. In contrast to the Cigarette Card, which had its demise prior to the Second World War, the Trade Card is still alive and well.|We all are aware of the long running 'Birds of Australasia' series put out by Tuck-fields Tea and 1 doubt if there is a kitchen drawer in Australia that has not got one or two of these informative and attractive cards floating about in it. These cards were first produced in the early 1960s and are still being inserted in that company's packets of tea. Such is also the case with Sanitarium Health Foods, manufacturers of the well known Weetbix, who began issuing cards, with a wide range of subjects, in the early 1940s and continue to do so.|The 1940s and 1950s saw the two breakfast food giants, Kornies and Weeties dominating the card scene. Kornies footballers were in production fora decade from 1948 to 1959. Four years later in 1963, we saw the start of four decades of Scanlens bubble-gum card issues, both football and cricket. In the mid 1990s, with the end of the Scanlens/Stimorol cards, the Trading Card came on the scene. These cards do not fit under the umbrella of the Trade Card, having been produced and marketed purely as a 'collectable' with no connection whatsoever to any product, which of course is necessary for an item to be classified as a Trade Card.|The earliest British postcard was issued in 1870 and was designed to send short messages; the stamp was printed on the card, therefore it did not require an envelope. It was considered by many to be lowering the postal standards because the texts were no longer private. However the cards were a great success as on the first day of issue in 1870, half a million passed through the London postal centre.|The first illustrated postcards are said to be those introduced by a French stationer in 1870. He realized that French troops fighting in the Franco-Prussian War needed to be able to send short messages to their families and designed a 'postcard' to suit the purpose. As many of the soldiers were illiterate they decorated their cards with sketches of their many activities at the front rather than writing; thus creating a picture postcard. Private enterprise soon saw the great financial possibilities of this new easy and attractive way of communication by post; also sending a postcard cost less than postage for letters. It was correctly assumed that postcards were likely to overtake letter writing in many instances.|Between 1875 and 1882 every state in Australia introduced official postcards, N.S.W. first and Tasmania last. Each state produced a simple type of postcard with a pre printed stamp allied to that state. The stamp side stated 'The Address Only To Be Written On This Side'; the reverse side sometimes carried a simple illustration or decoration with space fora short message, each state extolling their own state's virtues. In 1901, with the advent of Federation, the new Government became responsible for all postal services in Australia and produced postcards for sale in every state. With several mail deliveries each day in most towns, postcards were used for many purposes. One 1906 postcard, with an illustration of fruit, was sent from Mrs X in the morning to her greengrocer ordering her fruit and vegetables to be delivered that afternoon. Another lady asks her charlady to 'come this afternoon'.|Australian private enterprise also began selling pictorial postcards, most companies using the very experienced German printing works who were the worlds best in the field of lithography and fine detailed colour-printing. Many of these beautiful German cards still exist today, 100 years later. Australia did have a few fine printers but they were in the minority. Black and white postcards printed in Australia in the early 1900s were often of good quality e.g. postcards printed by 'The Bulletin', illustrating the works of 'The Bulletins' top artists.|Between c1903-09 The Melbourne company Osboldstone and Atkins etc. printed coloured reproductions of 46 J.A. Turner bush/rural life paintings, which were generally of good quality and became hugely popular and still sought after today. Like thousands of homes in Europe, Britain and U.S.A., many Australia homes had albums of cherished postcards, which were given pride of place for visitors to see and enjoy.|Postcard collecting remained popular but was changing with the times. About 1912 the Australian photographer George Rose of Melbourne began to produce topographical B/W real photographic postcards covering most of Australia and other photographers began to do likewise. These cards soon found their way into collections as well.|WWI and the horrors of war suddenly changed the world; postcards were still in great demand but the subject matter was far more serious. Thousands of postcards from the trenches in European war zones arrived in Australia to be included in family albums. Propaganda and recruitment messages were produced to encourage enlistment. Australian postcard producers began to create cards decorated with gum leaves, boomerangs, wattle etc., which were designed for sending to Australian troops serving overseas. Very few 'pretty' cards were available, as access to the Gentian printing works was no longer possible and exporting of postcards from Britain was very limited. By the end of WWI people had other more serious problems to contend with and the avid postcard collecting hobby declined, fold greetings took over and topographical photographic postcards became a small but steady income for the producers and newsagents etc. in every town.|Fortunately many of these old postcards still exist and are avidly collected by a new generation or postcard collectors. The Australian Cartophilic Society Inc. is one of four postcard/cigarette card organizations in Australia. They are, N.S.W. Post Card Collectors Society; Queensland Card Collectors' Society Inc. and West Australian Card Collectors|Society, and across the Tasman there is a New Zealand Postcard Society.|References:|Picture Postcards of the Golden Age A Collector's Guide by Toni & Valmai Holt. Picture Postcards in Australia 1898 - 1920 by David CookBox of Cigarette Silks ( 10 ) depicting animal motifs, which were placed in cigarette packets as an incentive for women in particular to smoke.|WD & HO Wills|Produced 1911 - 1917personal effects, smoking accessories, recreations, collections

People in ancient civilisations smoked pipes during various healing and religious ceremonies. By the end of the 15th century, after tobacco was discovered in America, smoking had become a common pastime for everyday people. From that time, tobacco pipes were fashioned from many materials ranging from gold and silver to corn cobs and clay. A popular material was meerschaum, an expensive, soft, white stone from Turkey. In the 1820s, French craftsmen carved pipes out of the wood from the growth on the root of a Mediterranean White Heath. This material became increasingly popular due to its durable, heat-resistant qualities. The growth was called ‘bruyere’, now anglicised to ‘briar’ wood. Bakelite was the first plastic made from synthetic components. It was developed by Leo Baekeland of New York in 1907. The material was heat-resistant and could be moulded into any shape and hardened to keep its shape. This invention greatly impacted the industrial world and the products available to the domestic market, making more objects available at reduced cost.This smoker's tobacco pipe symbolises one of the leisure activities of the early 20th century that has continued into modern times. The shape and materials of the pipe represent a point in time in the evolution of tobacco pipes, including the revolutionary impact that the 1900s invention of Bakelite had on objects available in the domestic and industrial markets.Smoker's tobacco pipe; a round brown wooden pipe bowl joined to a dark brown mouthpiece. The French pipe's bowl is made from briar wood, and its mouthpiece is Bakelite. There is an inscription on the pipe."French Briar Pipe"warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, smoker's pipe, tobacco pipe, briar wood pipe, wooden pipe, smoking, french pipe, bakelite, smoker's equipment

This recipe book has been compiled by Mrs W. Moffatt to raise funds for the Wickliffe Hall Improvement Fund (1915). Wickliffe is a small town in Western Victoria situated on the banks of the Hopkins River on the Glenelg Highway 100 kilometres from Warrnambool. Jessie Moffatt (nee McLellan) married William Moffatt in 1885 and died in 1938. William Moffatt leased the Berrambool Estate near Wickliffe in 1893, bought it in 1903 and the Moffatts lived there until their deaths in the 1930s. This recipe book is of interest because of its social history, telling us what recipes were popular in the early 1900s and the use made of a recipe book to raise funds for local community funds. The book is also of interest because it is an example of the voluntary work done by a woman in the Western District in the early 20th century. The book is also of interest because the names of some of those who contributed the recipes are listed and many of them have local connections. The Warrnambool names listed include Williams and McCormick. This is a soft cover book of 149 pages. The cover is grey with dark blue lettering and some ornamental patterning. The book contains over 1400 recipes and many advertisements for businesses in Victoria at the back and front of the book. There are two loose sheets of paper with recipes. The binding has come apart and has been loosely mended with adhesive tape. The cover and some of the pages are a little tattered. jessie and william moffatt of berrambool, history of warrnambool

The two men photographer are Angelos Lucas and Rev. Patsogiannis. Angelos arrived in Australia around the turn of century shortly after his brothers, Ioannis and Andreas. They owned the Lucas Cafe under the clocks of Flinders Street Station and the business remained in the family till the 1960s. Ioannis and Andreas were founding members of the IPS and Angelos was the second president of the Society between 1924.-1926. Angelos was also president of the Greek Community of Melbourne and Victoria for three terms, from 1930-32, 1934-40 and 1949-52.The Lekatsas brothers were prominent members of Greek community life in Melbourne from the early 1900s.A black and white portrait photograph of two men. One is a priest ands the other man is wearing a dinner suit.

Hard Copiespriscilla, wardle, diary, matron, eagleton, nursing staff, trainee, 1905, 1908, ballarat, early 1900s

The photograph is of members of the Governing Council of Greek Women in Melbourne in 1917. A number of the women were from Ithaca. The organisation was created to offer social interaction for Greek women who had settled in Australia in the early years of the twentieth century and was part of the Greek Orthodox Community of Melbourne and Victoria. Back row L-R: Mrs. A Raftopoulou, Miss Sigala, Mrs. E. Peppa. Middle row L-R: Miss E. Nomikou, Mrs. K. Kyriazopoulou, (President), Mrs. K Mavrokefalou (Vice-president), Mrs. N. Mari. Front: Mrs. B. Zografou. A black and white portrait style photograph of eight young women. The translated caption is printed below the photograph in Greek: THE GOVERNING COUNCIL OF GREEK WOMEN, MELBOURNE 1917 gocv, committee, auxilliary

It is thought that this photograph was taken in Newcastle during a visit Melbourne Ithacans in the 1940s. Many Melbourne Ithacans had relatives who had settled in Newcastle. There was an established community of Ithacans in Newcastle dating back to the early 1900s. A black and white photograph of three ladies sitting on the back mudguard of a dark sedan which is parked outside a country general store. A young girl and boy are walking by the store and there are three men and another car in the distance.picnic

Some Ithacans on arrival in Melbourne moved to the larger regional country towns and opened food vending businesses. John (Ioannis) Raftopoulos (Fiakas) was one such Ithacan who established himself in Mildura. He opened the Sport Cafe in Langtree Avenue. The Spot was an elegant and sophisticated establishment and as well as serving meals, also served the latest sundaes and cool fountain drinks. By the late 1930s he had also opened a milk bar in Mildura’s Astor Theatre. Raftopoulos was a true entrepreneur and ran a number of business in the Mildura and Red Cliffs. John's father, Efstathios Raftopoulos (Levendis) arrived in Australia in 1895 and John soon followed. John's brother-in-law Dimitrios Vlassopoulos arrived from Ithaca in 1922 and opened the Golden Key Café in Red Cliffs. Dimitrios had previously spent about 10 years in America where he gain knowledge and experience in the food and hospitality business. The Golden Key Café shared similarities with the Spot Sundae ‘Parlor’. Ithacan settlement in Mildura area dates back to the early 1900s. A black and white photograph of the interior of a cafe. There are five waitresses and two waiters; three of the women are behind a counter and the other two are standing beside the tables which are lined up on either side of the restaurant. One of the waiters is at the rear is behind a counter while the other is in the background. The restaurant is adorned with Christmas decorations and potted plants.

The photograph was taken at the wedding of Poppy Lekatsas and Floros Demetriades at the 'Evangelismos' Greek Orthodox Church in East Melbourne on 19th April 1936. The photograph is an excellent image of the interior of the church at that time. Along with baptisms, the wedding ceremony (which also incorporates the betrothal) is a very important occasion within the Orthodox community. The service is rich with symbolism. The Evangelismos Greek Church is the oldest Greek church in Melbourne, established in the early 1900s. A copy of an original photograph of a wedding ceremony which took place at 'Evangelismos' church. The photograph is surrounded with a wide black border and part of the RH corner has been cut off in the reproduction. lekatsas, poppy, evangelismos church, demetriadis floros

The photograph is taken following the baptism of Marietta Paizis, the daughter of Gerasimos and Penelope Paizes, took place in an Anglican Church in Mildura with the Orthodox priest conducting the service. This was common practice amongst the Greek community in Mildura during the first half of the twentieth century as there was no Orthodox Church in the town. The priest travelled from Melbourne to conduct special family services for the Greek community in Mildura and other regional towns in Victoria. It is possible that there was more than one baptism during the service to take advantage of the priest attendance in Mildura. Marietta was the daughter of Maintaining traditional customs and ceremonies has always been important amongst the Greek immigrants who settled in Australia. Although the majority of Ithacans and other Greeks settled and established businesses in Melbourne during the first half of the twentieth century, some settled in regional towns throughout Victoria. Ithacan settlement in Mildura dates back to the early 1900s. A black and white photograph of a group of people standing outside a church. Three adults holding their babies are standing in the front of the group. Everyone in the group is smartly dressed suggesting that the photograph was taken to celebrate a special occasion.

Bill Florence (Florias) is standing behind the counter of his Quality Lunch Service located at 3 Manchester Lane off Collins Street which he ran from 1937 - 1970. This is an example of the type of businesses, mainly food related, which Ithacan Greeks owned and ran in Melbourne's CBD from the early 1900s through to the early 1970s. They ranged from restaurants, cafes, milk bars, fruit shops and fruit barrows, flower shops, as well as fruit stalls in the Queen Victoria Market. A black and white photograph of a man dressed in a white dust coat standing behind a counter in a small sandwich bar. Behind him are the cash register and various food items and on the wall are printed cards listing the sandwiches and other snacks available. The prices are in the old imperial currency of pounds shillings and pence.

Silver cigarette holder, chrome manufacture, marked as SYLA CHROME, made in England.marked as SYLA CHROME, made in England; and patent pendingearly 1900s cigarette case

Birthday books are used to record the names and birth dates of friends and relatives. This one has a quote from Charles Dickens for each day of the year .The Dickins Birthday book was chosen a a gift to Clara Skirrow, given on January 19th 1911 by Mr and Mrs B Watson. The artist, Pilford Fletcher Watson (1892-1907) was a well established and prominent artist. He was born in London and lived in Sydney, a foundation member of the Australian Academy of Arts in 1887. His works included local scenery, architecture and the interiors of historic buildings. Many of his works were bequeathed to the State Library of New South Wales. The firm Raphael Tuck & Sons Ltd,, was a printer and publisher that operated in London from 1866 to circa 1960s. Its logo is the artist's easel, palette and brush. In 1960 the firm amalgamated with others to become the British Printing Corporation c. 1960. The fly page states that Ralph Tuck & Sons, Ltd. were publishers to Their Majesties, the King and Queen, and Their Royal Highnesses, the Prince and Princess of Wales. This would mean that this book was published in the period when King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, and Prince George and his wife Princess Mary were able to use these titles, that is, from 1901 to 1910. This early 20th-century Birthday Book is significant for containing quotes by the famous writer Charles Dickins. It is also significant for being illustrated by renowned artist Pilford Fletcher Watson. Ownership of a rare and beautifully presented book like this indicates the value placed on keeping in touch with friends and family in the early 1900s. Charles Dickins Birthday books were published by the same firm, with a similar layout.Book, The Dickens Birthday Book; with 6 illustrations in Colour by P. Fletcher-Watson Publisher: Raphael Tuck & Sons Ltd Printed in England 1901-1910 Artist: P. Fletcher-Watson This padded red leather hardcover book has embossed gold text on front cover and spine. . The six colour illustrations throughout the book were by artist P. Fletcher-Watson; one is a portrait of Dickins. Each date of the year has a quotes from Charles Dickens' works and blank lines below. The drawing on the fly page depicts a stone building with side pillars and a logo in the centre of the horizontal beam. It has a gift inscription for Clara Skirrow on January 19th, 1911. There are several handwritten entries with names and years.Handwritten in black ink: "From Mr & Mrs B. Watson / To Clara Skirrow / With Best wishes / January 19th 1911" Illustration on fly page: Logo [artist's palette, brush and easel] Handwritten entries of names and datesflagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, dickins birthday book, birthday book, p. fletcher-watson, raphael tuck & sons ltd, 1901-1910, charles dickins, dickins quotes, illustrated, 19-01-1911, mr & mrs b. watson, clara skirrow, red cover, british printing corporation, king and queen and trh prince and princess, king edward vii and queen alexandra, antique book, rare book

Pair of women's leather boots given to the donor by Miss Denbigh of 18 Gordon Avenue, Kew in the 1950s. The Denbigh sisters were the daughters of John Denbigh, a pioneer of Kew, and the first resident of 'Wimba' in Cotham Road. The mid nineteenth century silk patchwork quilt in the collection also comes from the Denbigh family via a different donor.Pair of comparatively rare Edwardian women's bootsPair of women's black leather boots. Leather insoles and soles. Mid-calf length with a 2-3 inch heel. Inside in biro "3286 / G. Smitt"footwear, fashion and design --1900s, fashion and design 1910s