Rhodonite is a reddish-pink manganese silicate material and often contains iron, magnesium and calcium. It is usually found in metamorphic rocks (rocks which have been altered by heat, pressure or chemical process). It can range in size from tiny to massive. Because of their composition they are not suitable for use in jewellery because they are hard enough. It is quite rare to find, though has been found in Australia, North America, South America and Europe.This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. This specimen is a palm shaped piece of loellingite within rhodonite. It is mostly reddish-pink coloured, with flecks of light and dark grey. Loellingite is a grey iron arsenide which often forms into crystal shapes. It is mostly found in mesothermal veins (caused by immense heat) with sulfides or in limestone. It is toxic when heated or struck. rhodonite, loellingite, burke museum, beechworth, geological survey of victoria

Aerial photograph of the South Gardens Reserve and the Ballarat High School grounds showing the Ballarat Tramway Depot, Fish Hatchery and associated area from the north east aspect. Taken by Paul Mong 29 March 2002. On Fujicolor Crystal Archive Paper. Height of about 1000ft or 330m above ground level.btm, south gardens reserve, btm depot

Tourmaline is a group of minerals belonging to the complex borosilicate mineral class. These minerals are known for their striking and varied colours, making them prized gemstones. Tourmaline crystals can come in various shades, including pink, green, blue, brown, black, and colourless. They are often transparent or translucent. Tourmaline's chemical composition is complex, but it typically includes elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. The specific arrangement of these elements in the crystal lattice gives rise to the different colours and properties of tourmaline specimens. Tourmaline specimens from Beechworth, Victoria, Australia, are a notable part of the region's mineral heritage. These tourmalines are of interest to mineral collectors and enthusiasts. While the tourmaline found in Beechworth is not as well-known as some other tourmaline varieties, it has unique characteristics and a historical context associated with the gold mining areas in Beechworth.The significance of tourmaline in Beechworth, Victoria, Australia, lies in its unique geological and historical context, contributing to both scientific and cultural aspects. The tourmaline mined in Beechworth is a rare and unique variety of tourmaline that is primarily found in the historic gold mining areas surrounding Beechworth. Its occurrence is closely linked to the geological processes that shaped the region during the Gold Rush era. The discovery of tourmaline in Beechworth adds to the rich mineral heritage of the area, which was historically known for gold mining. The specimens serve as a tangible connection to the region's mining history and contribute to preserving its geological legacy. The presence of tourmaline in Beechworth showcases the mineralogical diversity of the area. Tourmaline is known for its wide range of colours and unique properties, making it a valuable subject of study for mineralogists and geologists. Tourmaline specimens from Beechworth have educational significance, providing opportunities for research and study. They offer insights into the geological processes and mineral formation in the region, contributing to a better understanding of Earth's geological history.A hand-sized solid mineral specimen in shades of brown, green, light grey and dark greyTOURMALINE (schorl) / (Silicate of boron and aluminum) burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, tourmaline

Yields information about the Sebastopol terminus, the tram liveries in 1963.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of No. 35 at the Sebastopol terminus with the conductor pulling the pole down. The tram has the destination of Sebastopol. In the background are homes. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "35 Sebastopo1963", 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/113/8 Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Ballarat 01.63"tramways, trams, sebastopol, tram 35

Yields information about the interior arrangement of the Bendigo tram depot and the tramcars.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of the interior of the southern section of Bendigo depot with No. 29 sitting at the front of the road and another Birney behind. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "Bendigo 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/212/33" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Depot 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, depot, tram 29

BHS CollectionBendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from Saturday, February 14, 2004. Too cool: as the temperatures soar in Bendigo this weekend here's a reminder of what must be the coolest job in Bendigo. Peter Frew retreats to the coolroom at his workplace, Crystal ice and Cool Stores in Garsed Street, on January 14, 1997. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Robert Harper & Co had an industrial complex on Beach Rd from Sandridge lagoon to Post Office Place. A wide variety of goods were produced including rice, starch, spices, cocoa, flour, spices, oatmeal, jelly crystals. Most of the complex was demolished around 1980 but some buildings have been transofmed into apartment blocks.Digital copy of Black and White photo mounted on card with the words "Harpers Picnic 1908" written below. The group of twenty two (22) includes two young children and the whole group are dressed in their finery and one man in the centre appears to be playing the piano accordion. The location of the bushland setting is unknown.social activities, industry - food, industry - manufacturing, robert harper & co ltd

Dark Blue cap seal Yellow Bordered label with puppets in a puppet standTrace (five 4 C's surrounding one C in Centre) Mark Contents 26 FL. 025. Nett Manufactured by Crystal Loraial co Sale Punch Cordial Preservatised this Food contains not more then 7 grains benzoic acid to the pint

Yields information about the interior arrangement of the Bendigo tram depot and the tramcars.Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of the interior of the northern section of the Bendigo tram depot with No. 17 on the northern most track. Shows the pit arrangements and cross planks. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "Bendigo 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/212/31" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Depot 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, depot, tram 17

Yields information about the principal intersection following the opening of electric trams, with an electric tram in photo and prior to a parade.Colour prints on laser print paper - of Bendigo 2 climbing the hill in View St Bendigo, 26/12/1959 enroute to Eaglehawk. Show streetscape, centre poles and buildings. The tram has a Cohn's drink ad on the front panel and two roof advertisements for Admiral Televisions and the destination of Eaglehawk. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolor Crystal Archive for Frontier"Has labels "References T3116, T3117 and T3118 Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo 26.12.59" on rear.trams, tramways, view st, bendigo, tram 2

Inside of General Store. Probably Robb's as the photo was donated by Mary Robb. In background shelves stacked with groceries. Behind wooden counter, the Grocer standing and man in glasses, cap and seated along side Grocer. Standing in front of counter to one side, six waistcoated gentlemen and a lady. A wooden chair is located before the lady. An advertisement for Invicta Jelly Crystals is imprinted on the counter.Black and white photo of the inside of a general store, Thompson Avenue, Coweslocal history, photographs, buildings--historic, black & white photograph, mary robb

This specimen was recovered from Broken Hill, NSW. It was given the name Mangan Hedenbergite in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Mr. Anders Ludvig of Hedenberg who was the first to define hedenbergite as a mineral. Hedenbergite, belongs in the pyroxene group having a monoclinic crystal system. The mineral is extremely rarely found as a pure substance. Mangan Hedenbergite is a manganese bearing variety of Hedenbergite. Manganese is the world’s fourth most used mineral after iron, aluminium, and copper primarily because it has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications. Globally, the steel industry is the primary user of manganese metal, utilizing it as an alloy to enhance the strength and workability of steel and in the manufacture of tin cans. Manganese is a key component of certain widely used aluminium alloys and, in oxide form, dry cell batteries used in electric vehicles. These batteries are in high demand. Another potential use for manganese may as an additive to help coat and protect a car’s engine. Manganese is also used for non-metallurgical purposes such as plant fertilizers, animal feed, and colorants for bricks. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized mineral specimen in shades of silver and blackmanganese, open cut mine, manganese ore processing, bell bay, tasmania, northern territory, steel industry, zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline batteries, tin cans

This specimen originated from Mount Lyell on the west coast of Tasmania, where a large group of open cut and underground copper-silver-gold mines began operating in 1883. Between 1893-1994, the Mt Lyell Mining and Railway Company were responsible for operations. The Mt Lyell copper-gold mines produce some excellent crystallised specimens of chalcopyrite and other minerals. The deposits are generally considered to be of Cambrian volcanic origin, but there are indications of Devonian granitic influence on the ores, plus local remobilisation during Devonian deformation. Over 120 million tonnes of ore was produced from several workings, including the main Prince Lyell mine and the North Lyell mine, which was also of great importance. The Mount Lyell mines have a long history of human and environmental disasters, including the 1912 North Lyell fire that killed 42 miners, and two separate incidents in 2013 in which three people lost their lives. The environmental impacts from this complex of mines are extensive, with waste tailings and heavy metal contamination flowing directly into the King and Queen River catchments. In 1954, the eminent Australian historian, Geoffrey Blainey, published 'The Peaks of Lyell' which delves into the history of the 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster.Chalcopyrite does not contain the most copper in its structure relative to other minerals, but it is the most important copper ore since it can be found in many localities and occurs in a variety of ore types. The brassy-yellow colours in Chalcopyrite mean it is often confused with pyrites and gold, leading to use of the term, "fool's gold." Chalcopyrite has been the primary ore of copper since smelting began five thousand years ago. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.This hand sized solid mineral specimen has shades of brass-yellow with spots of iridescent green-black tarnish. Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulphide mineral and a major ore of copper common in sulphide veins and disseminated in igneous rocks. Chalcopyrite has a hardness of 3.5-4 on the Mohs Scale. It is a member of the tetragonal crystal system and has metallic lustre and opaque transparency.burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geology, geological specimen, chalcopyrite, copper pyrites, copper mining, tasmanian geology, mount lyell, mount lyell mines, fools gold, mohs scale, crystals, minerals, historical geological collection, victorian geological survey, a.r.c selwyn, gold rush, van diemans land

Blue cover, black text auction catalogue. On front cover: Auction Sale, 11th, and 12th., December. 500 lots and 150 lots linen. Crystal, crockery, silver, etc. Putnam and McEniry, Auctioneers, Shamrock Buildings, Bendigo. Favoured with instrucgtion from Miss C. Conlon, Neale Street, Bendigo. Proceeds therefrom donated to St. Aiden's and Toddlers' Home.bendigo, business, putnam and mceniry

Yields information about the interior of Bendigo tram depot, is storage area and two Birney trams.Black and white print on laser print paper - of Bendigo 18 at the Eaglehawk terminus 1/1963. Photo by Ron Hann. Tram has a Cohn's Drink advertisement on the front dash panel, two SEC roof advertisements and the destination of Quarry Hill. In the background are a hotel and a liquor store, both advertising Melbourne Bitter. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolor Crystal Archive for Frontier"Has label "Reference 6/214/26 Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Eaglehawk Bendigo 01.63"trams, tramways, eaglehawk, hotels, tram 18

Photograph shows many W2 class trams, led by W2 220 for the Caulfield Race day traffic in Railway Ave. Photo taken from the Railway embankment. In the view are Downard's Furniture storage in the former Crystal Palace cinema (see reference), along with adverts for Stegbar, Alsatian, and Weber Real Estate. A policeman is on point duty. In the far background is the Caulfield Railway station. Photo c1970.Yields information about Caulfield Race day traffic c1970Black and white photograph, plain back.caulfield, trams, caulfield races, railway ave, railways, w2 class, tram 220

Beam balance in timber glass case brass and metal beam balance in fair condition crystal pivots, with three leg levelling legs and small string plumb bob to establish initial balancing of the scales balance arms have removable glass concave infills, to measure powders Possible handmade glass case with double glass doors right hand side glass panel cracked

Colour photograph of Len Millar and Alan Bradley standing by No. 45 at Depot Junction on Sunday 20/10/2002. Photograph taken by Alan Bradley on Fujifilm crystal archive paper. Attached to the worksheet notes is an item prepared by Alan Bradley for the Jan. 2003 issue of Fares Please! The second paragraph notes the crew wearing wattle sprigs - day for official mourning for the Bali bombing victims.depot junction, btm, bali bombing, tram 45

Thick paper printed with a printed red ruler in inches marking the numbers 1 to 6 and a printed blue cartoon in 4 boxes using comic strip style. In each cartoon the person has a speech bubble. In large red print "W.G. CALLANDER & Co. 96 Percy Street, Portland"SERVICE IS OUR FIRST THOUGHTS OBSERVE THE GOOD RULE BY BUYING FROM W.G. CALLANDER & Co. 96 96 Percy Street, Portland Phone 186 P.O. Box 116 Hardware and Building Requirements Crockery, Cutlery, Crystal, etc. IT PLEASES US TO PLEASE YOUw. g callander & co., city of portland

Thick paper printed with a printed red ruler in inches marking the numbers 1 to 6 and a printed blue cartoon in 4 boxes using comic strip style. In each cartoon the person has a speech bubble. In large red print "W.G. CALLANDER & Co. 96 Percy Street, Portland"SERVICE IS OUR FIRST THOUGHTS OBSERVE THE GOOD RULE BY BUYING FROM W.G. CALLANDER & Co. 96 96 Percy Street, Portland Phone 186 P.O. Box 116 Hardware and Building Requirements Crockery, Cutlery, Crystal, etc. IT PLEASES US TO PLEASE YOUw. g callander & co., city of portland

Five 'Popular Radio Weekly Magazines. .1) Vol. 1, No. 1, 25 February 1925. (Purchasing a receiver, eliminating static, Morse Code, An Efficient one-valver, A Simple Crystal Circuit, Combining Valve and Crystle, the Alfred Hospital, Frank Tate on Radio. Images of Josie Melville, Alberto Zelmanm circuits) .2) Vo. 1, No. 14, 27 May 1925. (Purity amplifier, Popular Wireless, Oscillations, Marconi's Wireless Beam Transmitter, Resistance coupled Amplifiers, Condenser Losses) .3) Vol. 1, No. 2, 04 March 1925. (A Crystal Receiver, Medium Wave Four-Valver, The Harkness Circuit, A One-Valve Super, The Aerial Mast, The Police Patrol, C Batteries, A Two Crysal set, La Bela Lingvo, Plain Aerial. Images - Transmitting Aeroplace, A. Nicholson - Chief Commissioner of Police) .4) Vol. 1, No 15, 03 June 1925. (The Ham and Radiophone, A Good Circuit, How the Microphone Transmitter Works, A Reflex Circuit, A Millionaire's Radio Installation, Teh Deresnadyne, Crystal Detectors, Hints an Accumulators, 3LO, Selection Radio Parts) .5) Vol 1, No. 6, 01 April 1925. (The Renartz Tuner, A 600 foot aerial, Measuring your Receiver, Doctoring Your Set, Understanding What You Read, The Vernier Condenser, Radio and Railways, Who Can Build the Smallest Set.)radio, valve, electrical engineering, frank tate, alberto zelman

Small rectangle box (cigar box), with wooden roll, covered in copper wire,brass bar, with wooden peg which meets copper wire on roll, 2 metal pegs on outside of box, which could attach to power leads (could be crystal set) or something to do with early morse code transmission. There is a lever that can be disconnected from an electrical force, that could produce a morse code"EARTH" & "ARIEL" hand carved on one end "PHONES" (hard to decifier) on other endballarat, radio, inventions, inventor, ariel, crystal set, electricity, electronics

Negative No. N360 and black and white print made by a laser printer (stored in folder ) of a line up of trams in Railway Avenue Caulfield, for race traffic on 3/9/1955. Tram W2 347 is leading. Has the Crystal Palace Theatre in the background and advertisements for Robur Tea and Alsatian Paints and Varnishes on the railway embankment brick walls. hi res scan made and image updated 23/5/2020.trams, tramways, melbourne, caulfield, race traffic, tram w2 347

Yields information about the Bendigo tram depot office block, the scrubber tram and the way it was placed on blocks to have the truck or bogie repaired..Black and white print on heavy matt photographic paper of the Bendigo scrubber tram on blocks outside the administration section of the depot, while the truck or the wheels undergoing repairs. In the background is "Bundy" clock on the wall of the depot, and a man resting on a bicycle. 2nd copy - laser print - with date etc on rear - added 22/2/2010, copy from Ron Hann. Printed on Fujifilm, Fujicolour Crystal Archive for Frontier"On rear in pencil "Scrubber Bendigo 1963" 2nd copy has label "Reference 6/212/34" Photo by Ron Hann" and another label "Bendigo Depot 01.63"tramways, trams, bendigo, depot, scrubber tram, tram scrubber

Colour print of X1 class tram No. 677 eastbound in Glenhuntly road, just prior to the Elsternwick station level crossing. Shows the railway overhead structures, shops on the north side of the road with signs for Turf tobacco, The Sun, The Age, the Rex?? and an advertisement board for Hoyts. Photo shows the crossover just before the level crossing. From a slide by Keith Stodden. Printed on Fujichrome Crystal Archive paper.On rear in black ink "Elsternwick 1959 from slide by Keith M. Stodden"trams, tramways, elsternwick, glenhuntly rd, x1 class, level crossings, tram 677

Two-page document, one typed, one handwritten. Extract from the Bendigo Advertiser, Monday 3 August 1931. The Roberts' nugget was found in the Whipstick Forest a short distance from the Crystal Reef, Neilborough by Leslie John Roberts. It was found 30 cm down in clay and weighed 70 ounces. Leslie and his father were unable to find work and were presumably prospecting in the Whipstick.bendigo, mining, roberts' nugget