Historically depicts the operations of the Royal Australian Navy duty occasioning navy vessels in addition to the drudgery of patrol work and the search for enemy vessels. Working in isolation because of being a vessel that is under their own control.This volume of the War Histories is concerned with the doings of an infant navy.Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 - Volume IX - The Royal Australian Navy Maps and Illustrationsgerman colonies, samoa, nauru, western pacific, africa, dardenelles, north atlantic, european waters, raiders and minefields, ran brigade, hospital ships, transports and dockyards, radio-telegraphy, suvla bay, sinking of the cumberland, german cruiser squadron, cocos, sydney-emden action, north sea

Little has been written previously about this technical group of men and women and that their duties were under insurmountable difficulties which they faced and overcome in conditions that were encountered in the desert and jungle warfare. Without their constant and never ending services, the task of the force in bringing to a close this fight for freedom would have been greatly handicapped.An outline of the Australian Signals Corps over the years from the campaign in the Middle East to the present day of the victories in New Guinea. A tribute to the corps that stayed on duty every hour of every day providing and maintaining vital communication channels.Signals - Story of the Australian Corps of Signals. Green front and back hardcover with black text and insignia. Photographs, cartoons, illustrations and poems. The inside front and back covers have a photograph montage in green sepia.signal corps, wwii, c.h.simpson, motorcycle couriers, signals 7 australian division, lt.commander b.t.r chadd, palestine, spark plug, semiphore, morse code, field radio, a.i.f, british signals corps, pieter mersk, breconshire corp signals, new guinea, malaysa, singapore, switchboard, carrier pigeons, linesmen, gaza signal office

The medals belonged to Charles Sutherland CORNELIUS No 40595 RAAF. Enlisted in the RAAF on 13.5.1941 age 21 years. On discharge from the RAAF he was a Corporal in No 4 Radio Installation and Maintenance Unit. Refer Reg No's also 94 & 95P..1) Medal: 60th Anniversary of the end of WW11, gold coloured, made of aluminium, zinc and bronze amalgam. .2) Black presentation box for .1). .3) Medal set, brass plate mounted, set of 4 re C S CORNELIUS. 1. Pacific Star. 2. Defence Medal. 3. War Medal 1939-45 4. Australian Service Medal..1) & .2) "60th Anniversary of the end of WW11", "For Service to Australia 1945-2005" .3) "40595 C.S Cornelius"numismatics - medals, containers, military history - souvenirs

Item kept by Colin McMURRAY VX33785, 2/12th Field Regt 9th Div. Refer Cat No 132 for his service detailsNewsletter, yellowed paper, typed in Black with small cartoon. Paper is the " TOBRUK TRUTH the Dinkum oil." Contents are taken from a BBC broadcast relating to War news. Frame is wood stained.radio broadcast transcript, military history, newsletters

Mavis June COLLINS No 95403 enlisted on 22.4.1942 aged 21 years. Discharged on 28.11.1945 with the rank of Corporal in Radio Development & Instillation Unit.Medal set, pair, brass plate mounted re Mavis J COLLINS. 1. Australian Service Medal 1939-45 2. British War Medal (Medals are mounted wrong way around).“95403 M J COLLINS”award, medal set ww2

(.1) The men are from C Coy 1 RAR firing SLR rifles at the Battalions jungle training area KOTA TINGI in south Malaya. (.2) Pte John GILES at LASAH north Malaya, operational camp for A Coy 1 RAR. (.3) Pte Victor ALLEN A Coy 1 RAR in north Malaya base camp with “FEARLESS” a 3 month old mascot who wandered into the camp and stayed. While ever music was on FEARLESS would listen. (.4) The soldier in forefront is Max (Dad) KELLY. Served 2nd AIF, BCOF, Korea, Malaya and Vietnam. The photos relate to the collection of William Francis (Dinky DEAN BEM, VX93960 2nd AIF, 3742 1 RAR 1943 - 1975. Refer Cat No 124.2 for his service details. All photos are B & W. (.1) Five men on a range shot, four men shooting, a typed sheet attached with details. (2) A soldier kneeling aiming an SLR, a typed sheet attached with details. (.3) Soldier and small dog listening to a radio, atypical sheet attached with details. (.4) Two soldiers patrolling with rifles. (.5) Soldier splashing water over himself. (.6) Soldiers on parade right dressing. (.7) Two soldiers patrolling walking on a log. (.8) Two soldiers reading a book on Malaya. (.9) Two soldiers adjusting slings on their SLR’s. (.10) Two Officers seated having a cup of tea. (.11) Soldier kneeling aiming a shotgun. (.12) Soldier drinking from a water bottle. (.13) Soldier kneeling with a small black dog. (.14) Soldier holding an SLR rifle. (.15) Two soldiers leaning out of an aircraft. (.16) Soldier playing a guitar. (.17) Two soldiers kneeling holding a tin of food. All photos are stamped on the rear in purple. “Public Relations Australian Army Force, GHQ FARELF” (then either) “ELL & a number” or GUN & a Number MC”photography, military, malaya

All photos relate to the collection of Francis William (Dinky) DEAN BEM, VX93960 2nd AIF, 3742 1 RAR, 1943 - 1975. Refer Cat No 124.2 for his service history. The photos are believed to be taken during 1 RAR’s 2nd tour of Korea 1954 - 56. BCFK (British Commonwealth Foce Korea)All photos are B & W. (.1) Two soldiers beside a sign holding a bottle of beer. (.2) Shows a hand painted sign on a timber boards. (.3) Same sign on a single board. (.4) An Australian and Korean soldier laying barb wire. (.5) two soldiers in winter clothes holding a box of rations. (.6) Large parade of Australian soldiers with a camp and buildings in the back ground. (.7) Group of men lining up receiving rations. (.8) Three soldiers sitting each with a tin of Golden Circle fruit or juice. (.9) Group of Officers lined up behind sand bags. (.10) Group of soldiers lined up on the ground with explosions in front of them. (.11) Australian soldier in a trench with radio equipment gear on. (.12) Five Australian soldiers on a road with a Jeep in the rear. (.13) Five soldiers silhouetted against a bush back ground. (.14) Australian soldiers in open ground firing mortars. (.15) Nine soldiers in the back of a truck, Frank Dean on the left in front. (.16) two soldiers, one being supported by the other. (.17) Three soldiers, one in white apron cutting up bread. (.18) Soldier in a trench wearing a steel helmet.All photos have on the rear stamped in purple; “Photo No, please credit to Public relations HQ BCFK” military, british common wealth force korea

Item re Frederick Gardner DAVEY DFC No 410533 RAAF. Refer Reg No 3536P for his service details.Rectangular heavy duty 4-1/2 volt radio battery. 4 Brass terminals on top of battery. These are sealed with a brown resin like substance. Battery is encased in a blue / yellow / red cardboard box. 1 Positive terminal & 3 negative terminals of varying voltage.Printed on front & back: DIAMOND RADIO BATTERY C HEAVY DUTY 4-1/2 VOLTS MADE IN AUSTRALIA WIDDIS DIAMOND DRY CELLS PTY LTD Printed on each end: DIAMONDbatteries, power

Anne completed her secondary education at Presentation College Windsor. She left Melbourne to study Librarianship at Ballarat College of Advanced Education and completed a Graduate Diploma of Librarianship in 1981 and a Graduate Diploma of Education in 1986. During her studies Anne E. Stewart produced weekly shows on 3BBB Community Radio Ballarat, `As the assistant children's librarian at Geelong in 1987 Anne E. Stewart drove the Jolly Jumbuck storytelling van to various local sites, gathered the children and told a story. A keen community player Anne E. Stewart has fulfilled a number of pro bono roles such as the President of the Australian Storytelling Guild (Vic Branch), and Council President of the Daylesford Primary School. Anne E. Stewart is a senior writer for the 'Swag of Yarns' and has worn the prestigious storytellers Cape at Dromkeen, an institution that nurtures and develops children's literature. Returning to her alma mater in 2007 Anne E. Stewart developed a ghost tour through the historic Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) campus. Established in 1870, and incorporating a former gaol, the SMB ghosts came to life as she enthralled numerous groups visiting the campus on Open Day 2007, 2008 and 2009. In 2009 Anne E. Stewart was a principal teller at the Scottish International Storytelling Festival at Edinburgh.women of note, ballarat college of advanced education, anne stewart, presentaion college windsor, librarianship, graduate diploma of librarianship, graduate diploma of education, community radio, geelong library, jolly jumbuck van, storytelling, australian storytelling guild, daylesford primary school, swag of yarns, cape at dromkeen, children's literature, ghost tours, school of mines ballarat

In 1989 Monash University took over the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education to create Monash Gippsland Campus. In 2014 the University of Ballarat and the Churchill Campus of Monash University merged to become Federation University Australia.CD-ROM of photographs relating to Gipplsland Campus.Photograph of the Federation University Gippsland Campus during its era as a campus of Monash University. gippsland campus collection, monash university gippsland campus, churchill, radio, gippsland campus, faculty of business and econimics, alumni, visual arts student, science, laboratory, gym, physical education, student radio, ampitheatre, outdoor education, chemistry, celts, centre of learning and teaching education

A variety of ABC school broadcast books and teachers guides .1 Mustard cover with picture of a brass instrument and the word music. .2 Teachers' guide with blue cover and picture of an owl. .3 Teachers' guide with two tone green cover with scattered squares .4 Teachers' guide with pink cover and stripy border with children holding a harlequin puppet .5 Teachers' guide with orange and maroon cover with cat and children. .6 Teachers' guide with pink and purple dotty cover with large hand with face on it. .7 Purple covered book with girl playing the flute on the front and three flowers .8 Grey covered book with 3 musical instruments on the front a violin, Banjo and brass instrument non-fictionBooks used in conjunction with Music of the Air in schools throughout Australia june epstein, teachers' book, music of the air, abc, infants, kindergarten, radio, books

Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith is a famous Australian, well known in civil aviation history for his courageous endeavours in flight. He broken many flight records for long distance and time travelled and he was also a war hero in World War 1. He has been referred to as being “known to millions of Australians as “Smithy” … he was one of Australia’s true twentieth-century legends”. In honour of his place amongst the world’s famous pioneers his image is featured on Australia’s $20 note, Sydney airport is named after him, there is a memorial to Kingsford Smith, Taylor and Ulm at the Anderson Park, also in Sydney and his plane “Southern Cross” is on view at Brisbane Airport. Kingsford Smith wrote ‘The Old Bus’ (1932) and he and Ulm were co-authors of ‘Story of 'Southern Cross' Trans-Pacific Flight’ (1928). His also wrote a book about his own life ‘My Flying Life’ which was published after his death in 1937. and the story of his life was filmed in Australia in 1946. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SIR CHARLES EDWARD KINGSFORD SMITH (1897 – 1935) … Kingsford Smith was born 9th February 1897 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. His parents were William Charles Smith and Catherine Mary, nee Kingsford. His mother’s maiden name of “Kingsford” was added to the family name when they spent time in Canada from around 1903 to 1907, after which they returned to Sydney, Australia. In 1915 Kingsford Smith enlisted in Australian Imperial Force. He served in 4th Signal Troop, 2nd Division Signal Company at Gallipoli Peninsular as a ‘sapper’ or combat engineer and later in Egypt and in France as a dispatch rider. In 1916 Kingsford Smith was transferred to the Australian Flying Corps as a sergeant. He was discharged after training in England and commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Flying Corps. He was appointed fling officer and soon joined the 23rd Squadron in France. He brought down four machines in his first month there and also did invaluable work attacking enemy targets. He was wounded and shot down and later awarded the Military Cross ‘for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty’. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1918 and served as a Flying Instructor with the R.F.C. Kingsford Smith was not allowed to participate in the 1919 England to Australia air race because of assumed lack of navigational experience. He and his pilot friend Cyril Maddocks formed a business and flew joy-flights in both England and America. In America he did some stunt flying with a Flying Circus. Kingsford Smith returned to Australia in 1921 and found employment as a pilot. He soon realised the value of air transport in such a vast country. He formed a partnership with pilot Keith Anderson in 1924 and they purchased two Bristol Tourer biplanes. Their business broadened to include Charles Ulm and became the Interstate Flying services in Sydney. Together they performed important ‘demonstration’ flights including a flight around Australia in 10 days and 5 hours using very limited navigational equipment. Kingsford Smith immediately started to search for support to do a trans-Pacific flight. This support came from the New South Wales government, Sidney Myer and G. Allan Hancock, an American oil magnate. On 31st May 1928 Kingsford Smith, Charles Ulm and two American crewmen, Harry Lyan and Jim Warner, took off from Oakland, California and flew to Brisbane via Hawaii and Suva. This historic flight took 83 hours and 38 minutes. Their Fokker plane had three engines and was named the “Southern Cross”. This amazing achievement resulted in huge financial subscriptions. Kingsford Smith was awarded the Air Force Cross and appointed as honorary squadron leader, Royal Australian Air Force. Kingsford Smith flew his Southern Cross plane from Point Cook in Victoria to Perth nonstop. Then in September – October 1928, with Charles Ulm and an Australian crew, he piloted the Southern Cross from Sidney to Christchurch New Zealand. This flight showed that was possible for regular passenger and mail services across the Tasman Sea. Kingsford Smith flew his plane to England to an order for four aircraft, planning to use them for an inter-capital air service in Australia. Sadly on 1st April 1929 he was forced to land, having lost radio contact with the ground and having run into bad weather over north – west Australia. Keith Anderson and Robert Hitchcock both perished before the search party reached them. Once official enquiries were completed the flight to England continued in June and was completed in record time of 12 days and 18 hours. In January 1930 Kingsford Smith piloted the “Southern Cloud”, one of the new Avro Ten planes, on the first flight of his airline, the Australian National Airways, from Sydney to Melbourne. The “Southern Cross” was overhauled in Holland by the Fokker Aircraft Co. and in June 1930 Kingsford Smith achieved an east-west crossing of the Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland in 31.5 hours. Kingsford Smith returned to England and took delivery of an Avro Avian biplane that he named the “Southern Cross Junior” and flew solo from England to Darwin, Australia. This record breaking flight took less than 10 days. He beat four other planes that had left England before him and he was 5.5 days faster than Hinkler. Sadly Kingsford Smith’s “Southern Cloud” was lost during a flight from Sydney to Melbourne in 1931 with no surviving crew or passengers; in 1958 the wreckage was discovered in the Snowy Mountains. Later that year Kingsford Smith flew his “Southern Cloud” from Australia to Timor, collecting mail from a damaged Imperial Airways plane in Timor. Other flights followed. Kingsford Smith was knighted in 1932 for his services in Aviation. He returned to selling joy flights then established the Kingsford Smith Air Service, a flying training school in Sydney. In 1933 Kingsford Smith flew the amazing record flight in “Miss Southern Cross” – a Percival Gull - from London to Wyndham in Western Australia in just over ten days. The Australian Commonwealth then gave Kingsford Smith a large grant and he was also appointed as aviation consultant to Vacuum Oil Co. Another flying record was made when Kingsford Smith and Sir P.G. Taylor flow “Lady Southern Cross” from Brisbane to San Francisco in order to sell her there; the west-east-trans-Pacific flight made aviation history. They returned to Australia to make an attempt at the trans-Tasman flight but their attempt failed due to engine failure; they managed to get back to Sydney safely, minus most of their cargo. Kingsford Smith had his unsold “Lady Southern Cross” shipped back to England, from where he and J. T. Pethybridge in the “Lady Southern Cross” attempted another record breaking flight from England The Old Bus Author: Charles Kingsford Smith Publisher: Distibuted by Herald Feature Service Date; 1932Label on spine cover with typed text RA 629.1309 KIN flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, the old bus, charles kingsford smith

In April 2022, the City of Melbourne partnering Storytown, with launched the "Melbourne Podcast Tour". Storytown, an application created by Jarrod Pickford offering audio guides. This self-guided tour takes you along the Yarra River, from Southbank to Docklands, taking around 1.5 hours to complete by bike or 2 hours by foot. From their website: "Told by locals Discover Australia through the voices of its locals! Storytowns collaborates with communities to craft immersive audio guides, offering authentic travel tales from the heart of each neighborhood. Simply grab your headphones, download our app and explore Melbourne’s suburbs with with our fresh-out-the-oven “Railway Stories” audio guides! And if you’re feeling adventurous this weekend, take a road trip through regional Australia and let us jazz up your adventure, where the local folks are the true stars of the story. Sue Dight was interviewed to add to tThe interview was a to way to put the Mission to Seafarers on the map and increase its visitation. Unfortunately the tour is not avalaible anymore (as from 2023).Digital copy of a media releasecom, city of melbourne, app, storytown, sue dight, on the map, marketing, audioguide, jarrod pickford, audio guides, self-guides tour, podcast, radio interview

Book belonged to Rudolf Himmer, programme controller for ABC Radio Victoria, who had holiday home in Cowes on Phillip Island.Book belonged to Rudolf Himmer, Programme Controller for ABC Radio Victoria, who had a holiday home in Cowes on Phillip Island.comprising Australia Felix, The way home, Ultima Thule 990 p.Signed: Rudolf Himmer Labelled: Himmer Bequest Stamped: Cowes Libraryhenry handel richardson, the fortunes of richard mahony, australia felix, the way home, ultima thule, heinemann, rudolf himmer

203 p., illus.non-fictionA collection of interviews with Australiansoral history, biographies, australia - social conditions

A Broadcast Listener's Licence was issued by the Commonwealth of Australia, in Melbourne via the Postmaster General's Department. In this era (1960s) 'free to air' radio required the payment of a licence fee. The fine for operating unlicenced equipment was up to 100 pounds.Although the address on the licence is Garden City, Mrs Bray is a long-time resident of GreensboroughLicence, black text on buff card.radio licences, telecommunications

Paperback blue cover with red English merchant Navy flag. 74 pagesfictionFrom the 1942 cover: We are proud to announce this book by Frank Laskier, "a sailor, an Englishman," the merchant seaman who gave the ever-memorable postscript after the BBC news on the first Sunday in October. The millions of listeners who heard that deeply moving voice will welcome an opportunity to read many more stories of the war at sea, which Laskier tells with the incomparable vividness of simple truth, and which made him a great broadcast speaker overnight. Laskier sounds, too, the note of victory that will bring a universal response-"Remember what we have been through; remember what we're going through; and fight and fight, and never, never, never, give in!" The publisher of this new edition has included an introduction and explanatory footnotes, as well as an appendix listing the ships mentioned in the book along with their descriptions. First published in 1942 by George Allen & Unwin, Londonfrank laskier, seafarers, sailors, seafaring life, ww2, world war 2, merchant navy, bbc, radio, liverpool, second world war, australia, padre oliver, battle of the atlantic, frank laskier (1912-1949), gunner, log book

The Maréchal de Turenne, a three mast barque, was built in the "Chantiers de la Loire" shipyard in Nantes, port in the West of France, in 1899 by the company René Guillon et René Fleury. Capacity of 3000 barrels. The barque is called a "cap-hornier" in French. In a book written in 1973 by Georges Aubin, "La mer douce et cruelle", ed. France-Empire, a chapter "Une traversée du trois-mâts nantais Maréchal de Turenne" (page 285 to 319) tells how the ship was navigating from London to New-York to load barrels of petrol bound for Melbourne.The photograph demonstrates how prepared the merchant navy was during the First World War. The French Merchant Navy had additional men from the Navy: the six sailors in uniform and sailor "bachi" bonnet with the AMBC inscription were on the ship to support the crew in case of enemy attack. Two of those soldiers carry a bayonet. One of the sailors is wearing headphones: World War One saw telecommunication progress. At sea, the threat were the German submarines: the U-boats.The photograph depicting the 22 members of the crew was taken in October 1918 onboard the Marechal de Turenne. The two on the right and left side are holding a picture of the barque. One man at the back is holding a cat. 11 names are written at the back. The photograph was turned into a postcard.Printed at the back: On the left: Green Bros/Photo/251 Nelson Place, Williamstown Centered: Post Card/Correspondence/Address only Top right corner for the stamp: Kodak Australia Written at the back: octobre 1918 Souvenir du navire Maréchal de Turenne Berthot Jacquet Renaut R. Renaut H. Lecoq Mercier Berger Dubas Lorie Coat Tilloncrew, barque, french, 1918, marechal de turenne, nantes, wwi, world war one, first world war, great war, buoy, ship mascot, cat, a.m.b.c, bayonet, african, black man, apprentices, armement militaire des bâtiments de commerce, bachi, sailor beret, radio transmitters, telegraph, morse, telecommunication, german submarines, u-boats, cigarettes, smoking, williamstown, mission to seafarers, seamen's mission, nelson place, crews and ships

This badge was issued to Mrs M Deacon (mother) of 67 Cramer St, Preston to commemorate her son Flying Officer Stanley Alfred DEACON (255057) who was lost in a Consolidated Catalina A-24-22 of No. 20 Squadron RAAF, on the night of 08/09March 1943. The aircraft flown by the Commanding Officer of No. 20 Squadron W.Cdr Francis Bloomfield Chapman (271349) with Flying Officer S.A.Deacon as R.D.F. Operator (ie. radio officer) and 7 other crew members departed Cairns, and later reported being on fire, probably force landing 30 miles south east of Gasmata. A 3-4 day air search failed to find any sign of the aircraft or survivors. Gasmata is located in New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago, Bismarck, New Guinea. Stanley Alfred Deacon is commemorated at the Australian War Memorial and the Rabaul Memorial. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/P10307635 Obverse: Circular metal (silver-coloured) badge with raised image of woman with floral bouquet. Raised lettering (see below) Suspended from badge, a rectangular metal strip (suspended by two rings) with small star held by split pin. Reverse: Hinged metal pin clasp Engraving (see below)Obverse: FOR AUSTRALIA Reverse: ISSUED BY THE C'WLTH GOVT A.F. 3713 AMOR SYDNEYww2., mothers and widows badge

This journal provides the reader with glimpses of the adventures and hardships of a seaman's life. Many of the stories are of sailing ships.Contributes to our knowledge of the importance of shipping and places on record those stories of the sea which would otherwise be lost.Contents Foreword - - 5 Editorial - - 9 Steam Tug Wattle - G.C. Hogben - 11 The Legend of the Marco Polo Pride of all New Brunswick - Sponsors of the Marco Polo Restoration Project - 17 Yarra Mud Re-visited - Harrow Morgan - 21 Abandon Ship (in Dry Dock) - T. E. Goldfinch - 33 The Golden Plover Lives Again - Alison Forte - 37 San Pedro Offshore - P.H. Lewis - 41 White Sails in Australian Waters - Late D. McLennan - 45 Barque Polly Woodside - - 52 The Edwin Fox Restoration Picton, New Zealand - - 55 A Gulf Trader - R.N. Thiele - 57 The Great Britain (Poem) - C.E. Bonwick - 65 Singapore for Orders - - 67 Memories of a Master Under Sail The China Coast - Late Captain William Phillip - 71 Junior Marine Radio Officer on the S.S. Iron Flinders - Ellery Teare - 75 Australia’s Oldest Vessel — The Portland Lifeboat - Reprinted from the Journal of Portland Smelter Services Pty. Ltd. - 79 Any port in a Storm - W.P. Shemmeld - 81 A Happy Introduction to Sail - Captain George Molyneux - 87 Restored Ships in Sydney Harbour - Jean Barrie - 89 The Voyage of the Jane Richardson — 1889 Part II - Late E. Binham - 99 Preservation of HMAS Castlemaine. - Peter J. Williams - 103 When Blood Stained the Wattle - Late D. McLennan - 107 Book Reviews - - 112sailing ships, steamships, shipping, seafaring life, shiplovers' society of victoria, dog watch, wattle tug, tug boat

A 19 page document on notes for RAAC instructors and users on Radio Telephone Procedure, 1955raac bulletin, radio telephone procedure

This item and its use and design spans the 1800's to early 1900's both in its fashion and application requirements. The genteel factor must be made when applying it to the Kiewa Valley. The evolution of general clothing and apparel has moved from solid(long lasting) and sometimes expensive material and fasteners to a cheaper and more "throw away" fashion of sometimes monthly change in the later 1900's to 2000's.The significance of this item to a rural setting such as the Kiewa Valley not only points to an integration of "modern" fashion in semi remote rural Australian environments but also the limited connections to "high" fashion through magazines and audible (radio) and visual (cinema) advertising. It also "spotlights" the differences between the European and British social networking and lack of interaction between towns and counties to the "Australian" levels of interactions between rural and city environments. Although physical distances in Australia, during this period (1800's to early 1900's) was a retarding factor in the diffusion of the latest fashion apparel it was not as noticeable as when the global communication and the physical travel abilities were "exploded" in the latter 1900's. This shift towards "the smaller" globe scenario has overcome the physical distances that were so apparent in the previous century.This silver button/glove hook was based on late 1800's designs when buttons became more integrated and fashionable than "tie up" laces. This was more so in genteel fashion. The main hook extension from the "pronged" hand piece has been constructed in a way that allows for easy replacement by either longer or shorter hooks.costume accessories, footwear, shoes and boots with buttons, gloves, costume

This bottle was used in a period when "soft" drink ginger beer was "brewed" not only in homes but also in specific breweries. Most rural areas had families which produced their own ginger beer. Medium to large towns and cities had ginger beer "factories". These factories had large "on bottle" advertising who the producer was. This producer advertising was firmly infused into the bottle and not on removable labels (late 1900's on wards). Regional breweries had a strong following, similar to State beer producing breweries. The competition between breweries of ginger beer was regional and not state or international. Return of bottles was not a sign of saving the environment or becoming eco- friendly but a requirement to keep production costs low. This is highlighted by "This bottle Remains the Property", in other words return when empty. Up to the end of the second World War Australian "soft drink" demand was for local produce. The American invasion of other flavours of "soft drink" came in the 1950's. Multi -Corporations producing non alcoholic beverages at lower production costs reduced local manufacturers considerably. This however had little effect on semi isolated rural areas where home brews flourished.This bottle shows the impact that small regional towns had and still have on semi isolated rural communities(Kiewsa Valley). With better communications (radio/television/newspapers) and a better transport connections specialised breweries such as the Wangaratta Brewery had an extensive customer "hinterland" to serve. The "canny" rural population would be able to reuse this bottle for their own specific purpose. Because of the long distances between Kiewa Valley residences and the major towns available to them, the issue of adaptability of any purchases made was always closely linked to their long term usefulness.This bottle is made from thick clear glass and has a capacity of one and a half pints. It has a flat top with a wooden screw stopper (internal thread). On one side "THIS BOTTLE REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF WANGARATTA BREWERY PTY LTD" On the top rim of bottle on both sides "17". On the bottom of the base are "AGM" AND "346"ginger beer bottle, soft drink bottles, cordial bottles, wangaratta drinks

This tea towel was manufactured in 1978 in Ireland and shipped to Australia. This was in a period when the C.W.A. was the major women's organisation which had the greatest influence amongst rural women (especially in isolated areas). This was a period when broad based communications were mainly by radio,women orientated magazines and the telephone. The relay of television to "remote" rural areas was not yet established. The CWA was therefore a very important organisation that catered exclusively to women's needs. The C.W.A. motto "Honour our God, Loyalty to the throne, Service to the country, Through country women, For country women, By country women." The atmosphere was one of "sisterhood" and covered nearly all the needs of rural based women. This one organisation incorporated knowledge and learning targeting women who physically may be isolated but not mentally. On the tea towel are portrayed all the activities that would be beneficial to rural women.This tea towel with its respective motifs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley as it related especially to women who felt the limitations of social interactions within a rural area. This tea towel represents a era where communications was relatively based on radio, magazines, books and limited telephone access. Within these restrictive interactive communication levels, the isolation of a "back o' Bourke" location applied tremendous mental fatigue on women more than on men.This CWA Victoria Golden Jubilee (1928-1978) tea towel is made from Irish flax at the Blackstaff Flax Spinning and Weaving factory. It is therefore of high quality and very durable. The major colours projecting from a light blue background are red, yellow, green, orange and black. The motives portrayed the activities of the CWA in 1978. These activities are embroidery, crocheting, dress making, knitting, cooking, art, macrame, drama, music, patchwork, toy making and community relief, pennies for friendship, emergency relief and welfare, residential club flats, the thanks giving and Papua New Guinea.The main or central theme of this tea towel is presented in the central area within three rings. "1928" on the left and "1978" on the right. On the top part "GOLDEN JUBILEE" and at the bottom "COUNTRY WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION OF VICTORIA" There are various shapes representing the activities listed above.cwa promotional material, cwa golden jubilee, women only organisations, country women's association